".
.
.
..
,
.:->
*,La
AS SPOKENBY SEVERAL TRIBES OX THE
WESTERY COAST' OF
.
r,.
<VANC0UVE.R ISLAND.
LONDON:
W C H A R D AJYD QO., 187 PICCADILLY.
.
.
p
1-osIJos :
> I'I:AN..C:WAl~5 A S D
\Y.\LDLK.
PRISTER;.
c~:t<ticSi. Lcit.es-er Rq. 1V.C.
'
INTRODUCTION.
TRE Tahkaht, or Nootka,
is an Indian language, occurring on the
American coast of the North Pacific. I t extends over a regioh
i t present wanting in' exact .definition. This region, at any rate,
embraces the coast of the continqnt from ~ i l ~ a nsound
k
to Cape
Caution, and extends probably as far as Bute Inlet. It further
includes the north-east coast of Vancouver Island, as far as Ca.pe
Mudge, the north-west coast of t h e same island as &r southward
as Nitinaht, and the main land from Cape' Flattery, or Classet, to
. a point some twenty miles further south.
0.
The term ' Tahkaht,' here used for the -whole family, as coming
nearest to a genuine name, is strictly only applicable to the tribes
on the exterior coast of Vancouver Island, which-.apply that title
tb-themselves, and whose dialects are so similar as to be nearly
iltentical.
In three vocabularies-one cornkg from the north-east of Vanquver. 1&~nd,and two from Milbank sound -1 fmd that two
have one word in ten allied to the Tahkaht proper, and the other
s
%nearly identical with it.
Mr. George Gibbs, well known for his labours in the fidd of
- m a n ' language, kindly enables me to furnish the numerals from
three SOU+C~S,-.
'c
-
-2.
.
1
2
3
...
...
...
Cha-wak ...
At-lah ...
Kat-se-chah
...
4'"
...
Milbank Sound.
Numm ...
Maatl
...
Yeo-tohw ...
Milbank Sound.
.
...
...
'
I
>.
v m e r a l s . N.E. of V. Island.
,
Mennoh
Mah-loh
To-toke
B
r*
L
2
-THE TAHKAHT LAR-CiC-AGE.
Nnmerals. N.E. of V. Island.
4 ... Mao
...
So-chah ...
6
Noo-poo ...
7
At-il-poo ...
8, ... At-la-quill1
9 ... Chow-a-quilh
10 ... Mio
20 ... Chakiets
.
30 ... Chakiets llio
40 .... ~ t - l a i l u k
5
Ilillmnk Sound.
... Mo
...
.
... ....,
...
...
...
..:
.*.
...
...
...
Seh-k'yah. ..
Kahtlall ...
At-le-poh.. .
Rlal-kwa-nahtl
Nitht-ne-mah
Lahs-toh ...
...
Milbank Sound.
...
...
...
...
....
...
Muke
Ske-owk
Kut-la-oke
Matlowse
Yote-hose
Mas-me-nee
Ai-k'yus
QCar
=Z:
*
lar
m6
eac
.
The Makah and Klahusaht, near Cape Flat8trery,are closely alliei. on',
trik
to the Nitinaht tjye af the Tahkaht proper.
-
cor:
"
0-
TAHKAHT PROPER.
THE name ' Tahkaht ' is applied by the people themselves t of
some eighteen tribes living on the exterior coast of Vancoul-r o f .
Island, anderanging from Woody Point northward t o Nitinaht 01 gna
the south. As far as the island goes, the Tahkaht speech stop
at Nitinaht, not entering the Straits of Fuca, but coming into sudder
contact with the language of the Selish +dmily at that point. I oAc
Towever, does not end here, but crosses to Cape Flattery, or, n c&
some maps have it, Classet (i.e. Elahusaht), some distance to th
south of which it terminates. The supposition that it is closel!e&
connected with t% Chinook, at the mouth of the Col bia, ha ,
been proved by the exact researches of Hale, Gallatin, nd Qibb:ther
to be an error. The mistake arose from the fact that the trad*
jargon used between traders and Indians on the coast, and havin!k&l
many Chinook words in it, was found also to contain several ~ n h ' k &
kaht terms. I t is, however, clearly shown that these latter ternuse
were brought in early days from Nootka Sound, which was ago 1
7
X
8
mrlier trading station than even Antoria, arid that the' true vo~bu1nric.sof the Tnhknht ;ulll Chinook are as wideIy -different
. from -a c h other, at any rate in sound, as ~ n other
y
two families of Indian
Language.
The Tahkaht s proper, estending from Nitinaht td Woody Point,
are not in an^ v-a connected among tJhemselves by government,
each tribe having its omTn chiefs, settlements,, territory for hunting,
and fishing grounds. But a common language ghes rise t,o a
good deal of mutnal intercourse, as it no doubt points to a comnlon
iec - orjgin. Thev h a w no single national term embracing all the
tribes. The word 'Tahkaht ' is linguistic, a,nd means straight or
correct (i. c. correctly speaking) people, in contradistinction to
'ON-suppaht,' by which they designate all .those whose speech they
do not understand: ' Tahkaht' is a term of honour, and ' Owsuppaht '
of reproach, like Greek and Barbarian in ancient times.
7
The whole people is flat-headed, altering the shape of the head
by pressure commenced at birth, and continued for many months..
f i e y have a peculiar custoin-not usually practised ,by the Indians
tl of the Selish family-of
t ing their hair in a knot behind. Some
1-c of. these
habits, apparent,ly trivial, are less changeable than lan.
01 guage, and may tend to exhibit a comm_on origin or particular
,011affinity, where lingual agreements are obliterated.
1
. The following are the names of the Tahkaht tribes, in their
1order, from south to nort,h :-Pacheenaht, Nitinaht, Ohyaht, Opea:chisaht, Howchuklisaht, Toquaht, Seshaht, Ewkloolaht, "~iltsmaht,
th!&hoquaht, Ahousaht, Manosaht, Hishquayaht, Moouchaht, Nobrel!
. e&ddaht,
..
Ayhuttisaht, Ky- yooquaht, Chayklisaht.
ha
The common terminal, nht, means house or settlement, and
~bdaencepeople, and is the root of jnahte and makkafitc, a house.
ad*
same termination with the meaning of people may be noticed
7in!&a~ahkaht and Owsuppht. I n speaking of the English people,
? a b ' A m they have been taught :to call King George-men,' they
mu& the term (King ~ e o r ~ e a h t . Their
'
territories do not always
a go by similar namps with their settlements, and never end in nht,
.
+
,
.
.,
3
-
.a
termination implying house .or population, but' not land. Thu;
the territory of the Pacheenahts is called 'Pacheenah,' that ot*
the Seshahts, ' Seshah.' The uniformity of the terminal nB: &
has been overlooked by surveyors and travellers, Jewitt included, h.
so that
find, the greatest variety in spelling this final sul- it
Elahusaht, the Cape Flattery tribe, I find -'Classet fc
and ' Elaizzart ' in Jewitt ; for Howchuklisaht &
Seshaht and ' ~ o ~ u a h'tSeshart
,
' and Toquart; ir
' Ucluelet ;' for Klahoquaht, ' Klayoquot ' in tht k
Charts, and ' Klaooquate ' in Jewitt ; for Kiltsmaht, ' Kelsema~;
for Manosaht, ' Manawussit ;' for Hishquayaht, Ayhuttisaht,, Ky
yooquaht, ' Eshquate,' 'Aitizzart,' ' Cayuquet.'
c;r
Jewitt's little book is most interesting and trustworthy, and hi.
knowledge of the language, colloquially, no doubt very perfect 0;
but he seems to have missed the fact that the names of all tht 40
tribes have the same termination. It may be mentioned here ths ng
he speaks of one tribe in his day (1803) which formed a n exceptior er
to the above rule, and went by the name of Wikinninish. Then.
is little doubt, from his, descriptipn,' that this -was the Nitinah p
tribe of the present day. . The term ' Wikinninish,' which has diei 'C
out as a tribal name, was found as a personal name, held by a chic! 1'.
at the time--of the destruction of -the To12quifl, 1811, and by ;H
Seshaht chief, who died at middle age i n 1864.
la
The religion of the people is, like that of all the North Arnericar is
Indians, not idolatrous, but pantheistic. Everything animate ant Q
inanimate has its spiritual counterpart, and spirit influences spirit E
and often changes its habitation regardless of its material repre 4
sentative. ' Their word for shadow and reflexion:-is the same as thti &
for soul; and a tree, ,a blanket, a musket, has as much a sod, o: ha
spiritual being, as a man. This. principle underlies all their super. &
:>&
stitions. and beliefs. When a person is sick the soul is supposei '
to be weak, and the medicine-man performs a cure by bringin:
his. own *soul into conjunction wit,h the sick man's, and so givin~hc
it renewed strength. In case of great sickness2--.the
- soul is suppos~so
-a
.
"
i
a
C
,, . .?
:'$-
'
-,'
,
.
r h u mtwally
to have left the body, 2nd ent&red t,he place of spirits. . I f .
.
Jt 01' it go into a house there the sick man dies ; but so long as i t has not
d:done s o it may pet be brought back by the medicine-man sendingded his oum.soul in pursbit, seizing that of t h e sick man, and bringing
s$- it back again. Their mythologies are singular, very numerous-
A
'
jset- for they seem .to hive stories eonriect,ed with almost everything
3aht inature -and often very poetical. The whole -tone shows a belief
art; in,metempsychosis, and is in thorough accordance with the Indian
thi legends, of Longfellow's 5 Hiaeatha.'
The people are by nat,ure violent, brave, and treacherous, and
art;
Ky have from time to time engage9 in the most horrid wars against,
or rather surprises of, each o&.
They nearly always attack in
hi: the night; and there are instances of whole t-ribes being thus cut
fect off. I n one case some travellers from a distant tribe sought shelter
tht fbr the night, and, while their entertainers slept, rose and killed
tha* m r l y the whole of them. In another instance a whole tPibe, while
?tior engaged in fishing, was caught by its enemies and destroyed.
'herre i' W e have detailed published accounts -in conn xion with these
nah people from t,hree different sources. The first is t at of Captain
diei ' Cook, who stayed at Nootka Sound for a month (Narch and April,
:hie: 1778), and kept on fri.endly terms with the natives the whole tilpe. *
~y : He !gives a vocabulary of some two hundred words, showing thkir
language to be substantially the same as at present. ' he next
icar is contained in a very interesting little book published by h d r u s ,
ant Qiiun'tlett, . and Co., New York, and, entitled f Jewitt's Narrative.'
~iritJ m i t t was ah Qglishman of some education, who sailed on - b o a r d v
:pre ,tire L e r i c a n ship Bosto~z,as arinourer, and in her visited Nootka
tha h u n d While anchored there this vessel, manned bv twenty-seven
1, o: Ipnds, including the captain, was captured by the savages, and every
Ipep &@ad slaughtered except Jewitt and another. These stayed with the
~osei$pames nearly thiee years, and were then rescued. Jewitt's book
gin1 &,"ve< to be better known than it is. Of the ninety words which
vin; he seta down in his vocabnlary, I recognise all, but six as. being
,
10s~sabstantiallr the same as the language no**spokei
.
,
.
t
.
'
V
0
6
THE TAHKAHT LANGUAGE.
*-
The above were both visits to Nootka Sound ; the third was
ti
m~
Klahoquaht Sound, and presents a tragic stbry not often equalled &s
in horror.
The full- account is given wi& graphic power iii *IWashington Irving's ' Astoria.' John Jacob Astor's vessel, tht aR
Tonqabi, of 290 tons, carrying ten guns, and rnanned by tw-ent!
men, was destroyed by these savages, who murdered eveTy soul 011 ther
board except one, whi, died by his own act, and an Indian inter. The
preter, who afterwards escaped and gave a full account of the event old
The savages were rejoicing - in their success, and ransacking t h p f h k
captured vessel, when a wounded man, the sole survivor of his corn. p s
rades, put
match to the &ngowder, killing of course himself, & r e
1
as well as some forty Indians. Washington Irving does not givt
either the exact locality of the occurrenc&, or the names of tilt chi1
tribes engaged. The Indians themselves, at the present day, hart &h
the story by heart-no doubt it is often told at their firesides, at alwc
there are still someTof their elder men who were eye-witnesses oi eyethe deed. They give a most circumstantial account of the whole
matter, and name Klahoquaht Sound as the scene of the terriblc exPf
outrage, and the Elahoquahts and Ahousahts as joint perpetratorb. Or c'
Both these tribes have a name among their neighbows of being d m
particularly fierce and warlike ; and the Bhou~ahts,~
having late!\ fierc
destroyed a trading sloop and murdered two men, have been severel!
in
punished by a British man-of-war.
The Tahkaht legends and superstitions agree entirely in cha- thes
racter with North American tradition generally. It may be well the
to describe one custom among them, clung to with great tenacity. the
and said to be of very ancient origin ; i t is mentioned by Jewitt mr
who, however, from his position as a slave, and from the necessit! h
c
he wag under to leave the lodge at the time the celebration was
going on, was unable to give a very full account of it: The name %kt
of' this celebration is Elooqunhnah.' It always takes place in the 4$e
?
::
winter, near upon Christmas-day : in $etvitt7s time, a t any rate.
with the tribe with whom he lived, annually, but amongst the & f
tribes of Barclay Sound, at the present time, onlyabout every threi 41
f
-
-
-
1
M r s . I t lasts 'for several days, a great. part of the performance
lie( &misting in a pretended attack upon the lodges by wolves, which
ill airry off the thief's children. Among the younger children, who
th, are not initiated, there is often a good deal of alarm, as the whole
?ntytribe turns out paint,ed, and armed as if t o resist an attack ; and
oI! there is ~ n u c h shouting and firing, with advances and retreats.
ter. The celebration culminates in a human sacrifice, in which some poor
ent, old slave, whose day of usefulness is gone by, is generally the vict,im.
th,,&bbed
to death by an excited and furious cromd-for the worst
. ,
jnl. wsions are aroused on such an occasion -the
body is exposed for
self ae$eral days upon the rocks, in a state of nudity, and various' rites,
?iri aensisting of ,howling, dancing, and shouting, in which the elder
3
tilt children are made to take part, are performed over it. The sqcrifice,
although considered an integral part of the celebration, is not
always carried out, although it was so in the case of which I was an
7
dl eye-witness, an old female slavevbeing put to death in a most brutal
manner. Such a dreadful addition to the proceedings was not
bible expected by the small civilised population of the neighbourhood,
-,,,
or it might p r o b a b ~have
~ been prevented. The Indians themselves
3in; describe this custom as an institution having the effect of making
telr. fierce and bad hearts. They tell us not to come amongst them
melr while it is going on, .as life would not be safe. I am of opinion ' in which I am-supportredby another person well acquaiuted with
;ha. these tribes- that th@yhole aim of the: performance is to accustom
veil the young rising generation to alcrt2ess in way, and indifference to
,ity, the sight of blood and death. It is probably kept up by the mass
merely for superstitious reasons, thongh the chiefs and more cunning
sitr heads may see this use in it.
I here give ~ e a i t t $ account of what is evidently the same
was
I t will be remembered that Jewitt and Thompson l i e d in
+tom.
the O$e condition of slaves, with a tribe of the Tahkaht Indians, for
ate+&rly three years. Jewitt writes: ' On the morning of the 13th
the +September commenced what appeared to us a,most singular farce.
~ r e t4 p a r e n t l y without any previous notice the chief discharged a
s
ti
,
T
:,;i
,,,
8
THE TAHKAHT LANGITAGE.
pistol close to his mn's ears, who immediately fell down as if killed, >:'
at which- the women set up a great howl of lamentation. At thf . .
. .
same time a great number of the inhabitants rushed into the houa
armed with daggers, muskets, $c., inquiring t* cause of the outcry .
These were immediately followed by two others, dressed in wolf
skins, who came in on their hands and feet,,. in the manner of 2
beast, and, taking up t,he prince, carried him off upon their backs,
We saw no more pf the ceremony, as the chief, our master, orderei .>,
.:
us t,o .quit the house, and not return for seven days, as if
appeared before that time he should certainly kill us. At thl
end of seven days we .returned, and on the following day tht
proceedings terminated with a most extraordinary eshibition. T h r ~
men, each of whom had two bayonets run through his sides, betweer
the ribs, apparently regardless df pain, traversed the room back
i
wards and forwards, singing war-songs, and exulting in this displa~gnr
of firmness. we1 shortly afterwards visited the Aitizzarts, witi of .
whom we witnessed a similar exhibition. On this occasion twent! is E
men entered the chief's, house, with each an 'arrow run throud the
the flesh of his sides, and either arm, with a cord fastened to thi are
end, which, as the performer advanced, singing an.d boasting, wa: by
forcibly drawn back by a person having hold of it. Maquina .the
the chief, in explaining t'he similar proceedings, at his own settle josment, informedwmethat it was an ancient custom of the natior aq
to sacrifice a &an at the close of the solemnity in honour of thei p.
god, but that his father had abolished it, and substituted this i~ 4
its place.' Such, somewhat abbreviated, is the description of Jewitt w
which, though he mentions no particular name as connected witb the
the performance, evidently applies to the Kloohquahnah.
mi
.
,
-
-,
T A H K A H T GRAMMAR.
THE LANGUAGE.
ret
PER HA^ it
>er
is not fanciful to suppose that the Tahkaht language
:ks b in that 'elementary condition from which the more formed lanla! gnages have spruno
P;-or- rather is exhibiting that incipient procets
7 i t l of mutation, by
which they came into thelr present condition.' I t
~ t lis easy to dhect, underlying the whole, a system of roots; but
r d them, unlike what we'are told of the roots of the Chinese tongue,
th1
not generally in themselves words, and suffer so much change
wa by the abbreviatibn of contraction, or elision, as som6times to lose
h a .their identity. There are appearances of grammatical construction,
tle jast enough to indicate an unconscious effort after mflsystemtic
i o expression
~
-an effort continually foiled by the limited reasoning
I& powers of those who use the language. One feature to be notied
ir ia; that it is essentially a language of consonants, all the stress,
i t t 8. a rule, being on these and the main significance contained in
7itt &em. Owing to this, while i t is comparatively easy, after practice
sad careful listening, t o take down the consonants correctly, it
is much more diflicult, and-one is liable to much more mistake, in
e t i n g the vowels. This is exhibited in what has before been
s t i c e d with regard to the ter&nal of the tribal names, where all
&ee with regard to the final t, while differing so much in the
*el.
Even Indians themselves pronounce uncertainly and variddy in this respect. 14t the same time, after experience, and with
-
,.
.
10
THE TAHKAHT LANGUAGE.
.
.,
care, the great majority of vowel sounds c a n be written dom. b
. . .
correctly.
SH
There is one sound peculiar to the language, and very precloini. th
nant in it, which has been poticed by other writers, particularh dir
by Mr. Anderson, surgeon ,under Gapta,in Cook's command, in 1778,
I t cannot exactly be signified by any letters of our alphabet, bu wc
has been greatly misrepresented by the use of too many letters, die
in a vain endeavour to give-its full force. The test of all such .ha
attempts is to pronounce the word so written t,o a nat.ive, and set nr
if it be recognised by hirh. The . sound- which has one or t~r-rA
what may be called cognate forms -may- be spelt most correctly. r ~ i
though still inadequate1y;by tl, tWh, Zh. I n pronouncing, care mus; ar
be taken not to introduce a vowel ; an& in giving the I sound thr'so
breath must be prolong+ between the tongue and roof of the mouth, tE
thus introducing the A with h o s t , but ),ot poitc, a hissing sound, by
Instances of these sounds are presented in t h k o r d s i?Iookhitl, in Ir
which t'he tl is not to be pronounced fcl, Zlrfhp~lrtt/h,Bi.~.~o0772.
tE
Another point of considerable interest is t,he wonderful readiness of
of the Indian in t.he invent'ion of new ~Gords. No novelty come at
under his notice but it soon gets a name, which rapidly spread: or
among the tribes, and is 'added to the national vocabulary.
This, pi.
I suppose, is likely t o be a feature of language in its natural and
elementary state, where the roots, if not always understood, art
of
felt: and fhd an unconscious expression.
The parts of speech are not very determinate or strictly defined:
at the same time not a few substantives, adjectives,
verbs, sr
well as a few prepositions and pronouns, may be found ; but :I
considerable body of words is only in a, position, as it were, oj
lo
becoming some of these, and at present in a state of transition.
While the people are so ready in-forming new yords, and'moa ps)
skilful in specifying, the language kxhibits a great deficiency ir sdj
the power of geneklisation. For some most patent genera I haye d'
a difficulty in finding out t'hat they have any terrns.at all. If thqr
have any v-ords for fish or beast, t h e are at anv rate far fron b
/
*
-
+
-.%,
--,
-n Wng in common use. At the same time, the name of each beast
and fish is a household word with them. It is probable, however,
i- &at this peculiarity belongs to savage language generally, as
L
1\ distinguished from that of civilized n at ions.
'
I
It is a, feature of this language that, to a certain extent, the
u; words are like sentences and the sentences like words, no definite
x diskinction in every c&e existing between the two. An Indian
E: .hviog trax~slnted a sentence into his own tongue, mill often be
~etunable to point out the different words of which it is composed.
6~ Akhough it consist 0; a long sentence, he mill sap it as all one
F. word. I n conversing among themselves they use many contractions
s: and elisions, which they often purpo,ycly increase to prevent a perhr 'son only partially versed in the& language from understanding
h them. An Indian espressed fhis feature. of their speech to me
d by saying that ' they only speak half when among themselves.'
ia In like Ihanner,. many of their words retain, t d a certain extent,
the structure of sentences. A good instance of this is the name
,a. of an eatable biGv grorvi~lgupon rocky and mountainous places,
c. at some distnncrs from their houses, which are always by the sea
,
or r e s i c . The name of the berry is siiri~unooxyetlets, as at
is, piesent pronol~nced. It is no doubt derived from the descriptive
nd sentence first spoken by the persoxi (probably a woman) who dis1.t covered it.
She would arrive, weary but proud, with her basket
of. fruit, at hcr lodge. Her friends. would crowd round and ask
J *eager Questions about the new' berry, and she, as the Indian
3, manner is, would begin to magnify the toil and merit of her disI: covery, and say some such ~vords.in a plaintive tone as syyah'
oj nbhl~etlnh~ m o y c h?/rrfsooX.,which conveys the idea that she had
looked for them far all-a-j- walking upon the rocks. The radical
3s *ions
of 'this description would combine to form the word
&ahlooxyefs,
being 3i, far off ; jm, to 1001; or see ; mooz, rock or
-&
,ye etYne ; p t s or yafs, to walk.
To take a n ~ t h e rexample : They
el b e a word, icr;ll-?ri,,, which means he or ,they speak or shout,
k- ..t- the termination icir,, as the sign of the {hid person of the verb
7
.
./
THE TAHKAHT LAXGVAGE.
'
is only used when the-person or persons spoken of are out of sight tir
.. .
Now this same word unh-?&inis ohly used of a kind of huntin; &
in which those engaged surround their game, and, concealinE &
themselves, drive them them together by shouting. Often a0 oni thr
visits the Indian houses or coasts along in A canoe, the veiri the
voices of these hunters come musically forth from the depths a to,
the forest, while not .a man is .to be seen. I n answer to thi @ '
question .'.What is that ?' the reply is ' Wahzce~;' which, thougk ..
originally
H verb, is now used substantipely, and is the specifit,.,(d.
name of that manner of hunting.
i
Tsow-wauk, Noop.
Atlah.
Rots-tsa.
Mooh.
Sootcha.
Noop-pooh.
I
7. Atl-pooh.
8. Atlah-quilh, Atlah-sim.
9. Tsow-wauk-quilh, Tsow-wauk
sim.
10. Hy-yu.
11. By-yu ish tsow-wauk.
12. Hy-yu ish atlah.
And so on to 19,. inclusive -ish
meaning and or with.
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
20. Tsokki ts.
21. Tsokkits ish tsojvwauk, anc
SO on.
30. Tsokkits ish hy-yu.
31. Tsokkits ish hyyu iuh tsow.
wauk,. and so on.
40. 'At81eyk.
50 Atleyk ish hyyu.
60: Kots-tseyk.
70. Kots-tseyk ish hyyu,
80. Mooheyk.
90. Mooheyk ish hyyu.
100. Soocheyk.
200. IXyyueyk.
ex
*'I.
on
vie
W
:
(&
(0
ILe'
on
3
&.a
4
m:
And the numeration is continued in a similar manner t b almosl
any number.
.~ I
.
I ~hould mention that I was acquainted with this 'people @
. .!....
,.\
almost ,a year without getting to know a, very patent peculiarit: : .;:
of their numeration. As will be seen, they derive their term for
forty, sixty, eighty, one hundred, not as we do ours, but respec*
I*
--.
i
B
/'
TAHKAHT GRAMMAR.
.
~ h et e l y from two, three; four, and five. Persons who firat hear
'3
>inr&ir
linE
numerals, and even traders and others who have communiwith them for some time, take. it for granted that they use
oat the natural decimal mode and apply the terms accordingly; and
.eirc the Indians readily adapt themselves to 'this, altering t,heir words
s oi @:suit the mistaken idea. But. among themselves they adhere
thi to the manner of numeration given above.
It may also be noticed that the terms for one (noop) and two
ugt
:ifit,.:(&h)
occur in -those for six and seven, beca6se they. are counted ,
.
'on the first and second fingers of the second hand. As the
Iadian (until taught to copy our habit) counts, not by extending
his fingers, but by bending down one after another, the*most
prominent feature of his hand when he has reached eight is that
two fingers are left extended-when
he has reached nine that
dne mo're is left. This accounts for the recvence of athh and .
- h w ~ ~ n z tink their words for eight and nine respectively. This
explanation comes from a n Indian.
A very curious feat'ure o f the numeration is that while when '
applied to certain objects the numerals are ueed simply- and withsow. out any addition, there are other classes o f substantives the individuals of which are apparently of a most incongruona nature, with
which the numeral is only used. with 'a particular. suffix. Man
(blcs), woman (huhpnnf Z, klwt.sma7~),salmon (hoorrit, li.s.sit), 'frog
(coah-it), with many others, 'take only the simple numeral, and ,
Wver -noop, but only t.~occcmarl:for one. Many other words use -'
. o e noop for one, and with them every numeral takes thk addition .
ka~iZ7c. Perhaps this is the most numerous clastss, including all
4 sorts
- of money, clothing, birds, and beasts, as well as houses,
losi &ones, guns, paddles, months, and' many more. A second su&
with the numeral is sok or sokko. It is added when trees,
,plr s s t s , canoes, boats, or ships are spoken of.
rit!
for
,
'
'
',
1
'
+
1
-
1;:
.
14
.
TIIE TAHKAFIT I,ASG~,.IC;F,.
@,
THE FOR'?rSATION O F WORDS.
.
..
As has been before remarked, the words o f t h e language :IT slrm
composed of roots, which often undeigo a good deal of chan,: in a
in composition,. and are sonietimes so altered as not to be rendil like
recogniied by the natires thernselres. The people, however, eshilii fool
the greatest aptitude in invent,ing names for new objects, and an wor
neat and appropriate name is quickly taken u p by the rest on asti
so becomes universal. The following are instances of compoundr t&..
words of which t,he original meaning can be traced :&-, , .
X~WstccthZeA. A term applied to every person not an Indiar The
Its original meaning is ' house-like ' (u~n7~trl-,nagUii),
and refers t is,
finrt.
the ships in which strangers first visited their shores.
YetscyetsokZoB. A screw steamer. %L named from yetl*-yctsni end
to kick frequently, because when first the Indians saw such . ' h d
v6ssel t h e i thought that the propulsion must be effect,ed by somt rep
it&
thing like the stroke of a s~vimrner',~
legs.
AB-nsky. A t,urkej-. These birds were first seen by the nsti~-i
during my stay among them. A mornan invented the nan~iisi
sta~
which means ' bald hen ' (crh-rth,-hc-crsk,y).
Si~z~~u~noo.r~cf.r.
The name of a. berry. I t contains tho :foii&
roots, si, gznlr, naoos!/ab, ycta, which mean severally dist'ailce, siglltne';.
rock, walk. The nirue, of course,, implies that the -first persu:ad
kho dtscovered the berries walked over the rocks a b n g distantrW
to look for them -a description which quite agrees with tbha*
locality of the berry. It map be noticed that t,he root ycts, hey
meaning to walk, enters into yct.w yet.sok/e7~,mentioned ab-ove, wit! the mea,ning of kicking. The full word meaning to kick -is yctabiil . .
a n d to walk l/ct.sooli, or, as it is more frequently pronounced:
ycitsook.
.. :,y
Yah,&rrs. A proper name, signifying beard man, and &rim. -A
mi?
from yuhk~ektti.~el,
a beard, a b u r , a man. Ynhkpekzrhel cont,ain..
,.:
the root ?/nhk, which means long.
1
fir#
,
,
.
+
'
,
*
TAHRAHT GR-AJIJZAR.
15
i
The cross on the roof of a church ; from hinas~ittqlt@, a cross-bar, and F;o?iI;?/A,a house-staff.
x
I cannot disco~erany common rule by which the above and
a1 similar formations are governed, so as to enable me to form words
n: in a similar manner myself. Composition with the word oh-oh-kook,
dil like to, is the only instance upon which I have been able to
lib; found a rule. So far as I hare observed, they only seem to form
an w d s according to the folIowing rule in g i ~ i n gnames to different
an d o l e s of food, but this is doub!ful. I n forming the names of
~ d tc e g s by using oh-oh-kook, and describing* them as 'like t o '
kamething else which has already got a name, this rule applies.
liai The first sj-llable of the name ofwtheobject after which the other
s I ia,
be called is reduplicated and the terminal exchanged for the
final syllable of OIL-oh-koo?~.If, how-erer, the reCluplicat ed syllable
t.9~1
end in a consonant this is dropped in the reduplication. Thus me
:h find the term oh-oh-kook, signifying likeness, apparently only
~ m t r e p s e n t e dih the new composite by the terminal book, which of
itself would he insufficient to convey the meaning of its original.
tinBut we must notice that oh-oh-Hoot has a double syllable which
amcis in itself significant, and conveys the idea of two similar things
standing side by side. This reduplication, then, in itself implving
- f o n b n e s s ,is transferred from one word to thc other. And thus the
iwll1new
n
name composed of two words is made up of the body of one
ysaand the reduplication and terminal of the other. It will be
-onlr@y
seen that this applies to the following instances, which
all been explained to me on this principle by a native :he~ Ji2~$ZitsPook. Flour. From Klit.snsi.s, chalk, and oh-oh-kooP. .
wit, - Sb.sicl~~il.ook.Rice. From .si~Z.s)fioi,
maggots, and oh-oh-kook.
,
OIL-ohpknliook. Sugar: Erorn o/pkamifs, sand, and oh-oh-kook.
We-zu~ts-ukook. Beads.. From z!;c:Ehni-ce, a small brown shell, and
ti& same.
,
-iT8
:, ~
*. ~ a h - ~ u a 7 2 - ~ l w - ~
turnips,
o o k , from wnh-oh, a small eatable bulb,
taind&t seem to be an exception, but is not so in reality. When
fir& the Indian saw turnips they were small and very like the
L
j
.
,
*
I
I
16
THE T.4HKAHT LANGUAGE.
I
roait-ol&,whence they were called vak-waA-kook. When the turni. .1,
grew large the name was felt to be inappropriate, and was chanp
into that given above, the additional syllable ehr, or ayhr, meanir
great or large.
Aka
*
ROOTS.
THOUGH
unable to trace the complete derivation of many word
the presence of significant roots is often very discernible.
'
:
:
wk
mli
Nu, nah, sats, an, ahn, nach. Perception by the senses ; light, as
or
opposed to darkness.
Ahnneh ! Look !
Ncinich, Nashetl. To look.
Yatspannich. To walk out .and
look about.
Klayherpannich. To paddle out
and look about.
Nah-choilh. Found, i.e. seen (of a
thing lost.
Nah-choolh. A copy or pattern.
Nah-chalh. A prophet or seer.
Nah-tuch. The stock duck, noted
among Indians for its quick sight.
Natsoh. To see.
'
Nah-ah. To hear.
Nay-gee-e. Echo.
Annah-ah. To gamble (in whit
t h e great aim of one 'party
to see what the other tries
At
conceal.)
Nah-uktl. To feel.
Nah-ah-pay-chitl. T o taste.
IsT
Xeetsuh. The nose.
Is1
A7as. The sky, day.
I d
Nahpee, iVayitZuR. Light.
KO
Nus-shitl. The day-spring.
Mutl. Binding, tying, and thence fastening and locking.
Mutlahsah. To tie or bind to- Mutltoop. String.
gether.
MutZyu. Bound, tied, locked, fa T@
Matlemayaoom. Iron hoop of a
tened.
cask.
Che-chah-mrtl-pyik. A boat. TE - '2
Mutlilh. Imprisoned, locked-up.
mutl points to the distinctir
~Nzctlilhoowilh. The lock-up ; the,
feature of a boat being made; ; (
jail.
many pieces of wood fastene
Mutlsohp. . T o lock {of e door).
together, while the canoe i gi&
~Mutlshitl. T o bind round. mainly of one piece.
P
.
..
3
dr
.
<
. ..
c
I
k
!
: ,
,.;! 7
..i
. ,,
.
TAHKAHT GRAMMAR.
-
17
At?;frbl*th. ~ u a l i t ~ .
.*1
-
,
The numeral 2.
Anir M h i n n i R . Togf~tllrr; in company
.- .
with (said of two persons).
Ak;atlsoowit. Equal.
.4tlanewk. The fork of a bough,
or of a river.
'
I Atlkglt.
Small branches knotted
I
toget.her to show a trail.
;
C?t/rk,f.slrk, t.9.
Water- 7
T k u k . A river.
A storm at sea.
.ChRootszlk.
.. .
\FTater.
T k s k k l i s . Name of a tract of low
land full of tide sloughs and
often partially overflowed.
&a4.
<.
.
L/
'ord
: O u t of seventv words i ~the
l voc,abulary beginning with ts, of
which several belong evidently, to another root-sixteen
have
something to 'lo with water, as being names of fish, waterfowl,
;,as or
watergra,ss, or describing some such act as washing or pouring. .
I ,I
s s
i c
Z
i
s 7
.
Witih,
conjunction, union, indefinite quantity.
-.
whit
<rtyI& And, with.
j ~Voop-kamilh, Atlah-kamilh, 4c.
.ies ! IsRinnik. With, together with..
i
One, two, &c., as used with
Ad-shin~zik. In company with .
many objects in place of thr?
(spoken of two togetller).
I
simple numerals.
Isliimyohp. To assemble.
. k
k To trade. (MukookIsEnnik-qunht. Next door.
ishinnik .)
I Of tlie name 'of the thirteen lunar
Ishook, &ochk.
All.
Rots-tsnchinnik. Three together. I
months, nine have the termi~ia(And so on with the other 1
tion kamilh or shimilh.
.- numerals.)
: Klakkifi~ilh. Palisade fortifications
.
Epyeh-chinnik. A great many lo- '
(from KlaRRas, a tree).
..': gether.
Tseekmilh-Auppeh. To make an a3iARimilh. A collection, an assernoration. ( T$eeka, kmilh, hup- bly, a crowd.
fg Tquk-kinzilh. A lot of skins.
I
7
.
KhB. Now, present time, novelty.'
' Klah-huksik. The present genera-
!
I
.
,
.
i
tion.
Klah-ehoocltin. A stranger, i.e.
one newly come.
.
.
is
THE TAHKAHT I~ANGUAGE.
~ a h t mahi,
,
lhnh, kulkt, d.t. Ahouse, s tribe.
'
*
-
houses, but not to the torrito4
Mahs, Mahte, Makkahte. A house, 1
Thus the territory of i ' ,
a population, a tribe,
SettleSeshahts is named Seshah AG
.
ment.
EA:
Maht-mahs. The entire population. ldahmathleh. A term applied
any persons not Indians, aEt
Tahkaht. A name applied to the
meaning ' houselike,' from i
eighteen tribes speaking this
language.
- 1
ships in which foreigners fi
visited the natives. Some ye
Owsuppaht. A barbarian ; a bar- I
ago the word Mavnatle I
barous people.
Akkahta ? What tribe ?
1I . doubt the same) was used
the Chinook jargon to s i g c
Ishinnik-qvaht. Next door.
Macheelh. In the house.
a ship.
Kii
Come
from
.Ka
Kochtsa Mahte Macheelh. A three- Histokshitlkahs.
house. (The kahs, kaht, 8
roomed house.
IZh-kahs. Stopping in the house.
quaht, is connected with an
word Makkahte, a house.)
Seshaht, and other names of tribes, /
to
the
population
and
MaRtsquin.
A house-fly.
apply
rz?.
,
I
1
I
.
h e
The actipn of pulling.
I
Che-che ! Pull along !
Che-chitl. To pull.
.
.
4,
-.
Che-chik. A trigger.
Che-cha-mutZIPyik. A boat.
Here the tw features. most distinguishing the boat from the caM
are noted in t e chc, which denotes pulling, and the mutl, 'fast'eni~~.
Y$
i.e. the fastenin'g of many pieces t80getlher. Cha probably m r i
.
.
ci~nplrts..
Q, ~ h pup.
,
Central, rnidwa
,
,
I
.
1 Upannolh. A boundary, a d i d '
Ahpunauk. Applied to ~ n y t ~ h i nj g . line.
. I,
placed between two other Upitsasha. The top (i.e. c e n t n i
things.
the hea,d.
2;
Appoonil-na,s. Mid.day.
, I>-kyh. . The top of a mountnic:
- Apponit-uttyh.
Midnight.
. .
,/l hpeelsoo. Central.
j.
'
@
!
-
a
.
.
.
.
,
(
.
.
'
, .
Ayh*,dr,n?/h, p i .
.
. ..
?
.
L.1. ;
.: . t
,:;; t
Size, excess, superlative.
.
I
r
I
Ay-ayhr-she. Be quick ! be very
quick !
.-
-
'
Ay-chim. P very old man.;
~voman.
r-
~~
q.
.
,. >.-I
0
.I
-
.I
.
.
. . , .. ,..
TAHK.1HT (iRh?ti31.%R.
, .
.
. .. .
. .=.
19
i
Amtuk.
Always.
.
i Kiyahkshatl. To escape the memory. , r r i t o & * ~ ~ h l l ~ Of gwst d u e ; vdu(Ei,v-;
ynhR, long or far ;
3f . :' .bk.,,,.able ; expc*nsivcl.
shitl, borne, carried, or some
,ah, A#+h-koonits.
Tl~ethumb.
such equivalent.)
]lied ERT-took~l.. Brave.
Ayhr. Large, great.
E&&.
Wing
feathers;
i
n
cont,rast
E?/-,yeh. A great many ; very.
,ns, a
to pp$aZh, small feathers.
Eyyehxhinnik. A great many to:om ;
get,her.
2rs fi
.
leye: . .
atle I ,.:!.. .
Run, firm, kna.3. Killing, mounding, dying.
used. :-I:.,-.
s i g ~ ~ l i r l T. o die, to kill.
Kaasup. To "wound.
K&okstt?op.
To grieve.
Kuh-huk, Kah-hukkit. Very $ick,
dead.
om ~ ~ k s t o o t l a hI .am grieved.
aht, i
.
,h an
je.)
K/ooch, kloots. Woman.
.
.
.
,
,
.
,
G?b&mah.
A married woman.
Yl&h-huh.
Espoused ; engaged
t o b& married (of a man).
Kloochmoop. h'sister.
.
mooch-hunh. To commit fornic*
tion (of a man.)
. .
'
at.
I
,
-
1 ,-
Sameness, likeness.
2
~ i t l a b h . A boy's name, referring
to his' likeness to one of his
parents.
Muhlh. Antlers, may possibly be
thus derived.
le caMqUi.
Similar to, like to.
YqIkuppeh.
Balanced (of scales).
,sten11
Yifidls. Flat ground.
7 me~ilc&nrzius. Abreitst.
I
l i i t . Flying
,
Jf~rtnmisinkl. To fly upward.
Mu<-ah--ahtoll..-To fly downwards.
*Mu-mut-teh. A bird, i.e. tho Butterer.
T o fly.
To. alight (of a bird).
.&Z
Alighted ; sitting on the
xntaic- ' ground (of a bird).
fi&tZ.
,entreIml.
,
'
*
.
.
.
...- ,.....?.-.
.
:r.
'
.
I
.
-
h
..?
h
.
Change, exchange, 6ompensation.
,
-,*'
'a-e.
T o exchange.
m a n . r a ~ ~ i tTo
l . requite.
r ~ ~ i t l c h i t,T
l .o change.
\
-
Quis-hay-chitl. To change the
.mind or heart, to. repent:
( Quispnk; h a , clritl.)
,
,
.. .
*
20
.
.. .
THE TAHKAHT Z,.-ISGUAGE.
.
essential.
Tnhk. Straight, correct, truthful,
.
.Iit:;
:;,: .,
.,!:
+:.
:,
,
"
;!.
.I:
.,
. ..
;;.;I
i. '
.;. ..
:,
.. ...
,,.
.
f
:,:
i-:.
3:
'
Tnhkscheet. Straight.
~ a h k a ~ i e hT. h e shaft of a crt,
or a pillar.
Tahkuk. To grant a request.
Tahts-tahk-soolh. A guide.
Tahkoktl. Correct, proper, true,
the truth.
Tahkokstootl. To tell the truth.
Tahk-ay-us. Parallel.
- Tahk-ay-uk. Straight.
Chit l,
They are
Tnlpzrf . Thought; preparation, computation.
kli?4+sll it/
tlie
Tah-tah put-&.
To consider,
T a h ~ u t a ? ~ i k .Weighing-scales ; a
think ov'er, to prepare, to pra OB'*
in
mea+ure.'
tise, to rehearse.
&hit
l,
Tah-tah-put-hup. An object set
up to shoot at.
ARlchitt.
AM-shitl.
wake
Tseek-rnilh-huppeh. To make i --shit
Tseka. To speak. .
oration.
.
Y'seka-tseka. To speak much, to
Chub-hatTsik-kaytnh.
To,
command,
babble.
start
Tsay-uk-palh. T o wrangle.
order.
G%&ashi
persc
i
. Negation.
Chd-shib
E
hkIt is probable that nearly all the words beginning with aik. i q umem
IlsiX-, t.ruyk, t s c d .
Speaking.
J
the voc~bularvare negatively compounded.
ITefs. ynts.
1Talking,
- kicking.
- +
HaR-oh-q
Hq-her(Intr
Hdkshi
Iistspuiup. To stamp npon IVI -an-n
the feet.
back
lhtsprcnnich. To walk out a
look about.
~ & s l t it
lit.fooiZh. Walking up &d do1 *-ehitl
in a confined space.
- a ref'
Sinnamoozy ets.. A vaccineous ben m i t t I
.
the
Yuk,?/nhk. Long, of time or space.
is h
. -r....
. radic
Yak-a-wimmit. Having stayed a Yahk-pekuksel. A long beard (r ;sand
long time (said of -old in...$n
. t,o.
applied to short hair).
habitants, as well as in a Yahk. Long.
K&sh.i.itl
general acceptation).
Ei-yahk-shitl.
To escape t &&h,ti
memory.
- ravis
Yatsook. To walk.
Yehhitl. To kick.
~Yetseh-yetsah. To kick frequently.
Yatsetsos. A ladder.
Y a t n o o s . To .walk
on t'lle sea*.
shore.
Yatsguistus. To slip.
4+
,
.
I
I
'
,.
:t.
Chitl, sJ~it2,signify action, or being acted upon, or movement.
They are thus generally, but not always, confined to verbs. Thus
kh&&slb it l, the dawn (from ftlcos-sook, w h i t e ) , has this terminat'ion
fktk tlie movini, active nat'ure of the morning light, which is ever
der, . . .
onthe increase. Similarly tool)-shitl, evening (from toop-kook,-black),
0 pra
ahk+hifl, 7800-ccA-j~he~~ckitl,
slid o t h m .
'
Ah-chitl. T o reach after.
h71ahk-ih-shitl. T o stand up, i.e.
1
AM-shitl. A little below high
. to rise to standing position.
- ' hTlah-kinch-hy+llitl.
A dead body.
water.
I
Klahr-milh-uk-shitl. A thing fu' Ah&-shitl. To set apart. ,
&ah-hat-slritl. Astonished, balked, I
ture.
nd,
startlecl.
=
Klay-ckitl. T o shoot.
~ & a s h ~ t l .Cold (applied only to Klay-lhuk-shitl. Thin, wasted (of
personal sensation).
aqerson ),
Chuk-shitl. To awaken a person.
Klees-shitl. The dawn.
rrik Eiqahk-shitl. To escape the Kleetshitl. T o steer.
A-Iimmukshitl. T o wake up another.
memory.
Ed-oh-quitl-chitl. T o change.
Klohp-shitl. TOwash the face.
Eiy-her-mlit-chitl. T o bleed.
Klutchitl. To take in sail.
(Intrans.)
Kohp~hitl. TOpoint with the finger.
HG&okshitl. To come.
KO-2-chitl. T o grow (of a child).
In
&+ah-men-chitl.
-.-:
An eddy or Kivt-shitl. T o pinch.
back-water.
A?-ynh-chitl.
Adrift.
ut ar --m is-shitl: A'pledge.
Mrcniukshitl. T o fasten the dress
Bkwdshitl. To sprinkle.
or blanket by tying.
H k c h i t l . A fugitive, n, vagabond, Blook-slitl. The hammer of a gun.
- ' rs refhgee.
Mool-shitl.
F l o w i y tide, flood
berr H'jythitl. Black currant. (Probably
tide.
the first syllable of' this word i i'l/lutl-shitl. T o bind round.
.
is h p h , in which case its 1 illutshitl. Tofly.
radical terminal would be it/, nhh-ah-puy-chitl. To taste.
ard (r
-$*n4
it would not rightly come Neelihitl. To bend the head back",
.$;;into this categorj .)
wards.
K e s h i t l . T o die, to kill.
NilZshitl. T o scratch, to claw.
3e
K i-.-s h i t l . T o sted, to plunder; to hhk-sbitl. T o mecze.
ravish.
l o - a - s t . T o bury.
I
,
.
'
I
C
"'
-
1
1
I
I
!
I
2
!
a
THE I'AHKAHT T,AFGl-AGE.
a
'~ @
the same root as the ter~nir
sh~tl.
Shoh-shitl. Rusted, rusty.
Taytsk-shitl. Flame.
a y - . To throw.
of early
Tohk-shitl. To melt. (Intrans.) black blc
Toop-shitl. Evening, sun-do\\
twilight.
Tsohpshitl. Flood-tide, a flood, , E ~ v h - 5
overflow.
-WIE
Wil-shitl. To nod the head.
*-hu,
W e W e t l . T o qo home.
Rook
17etshitl. To k ~ c k .
Awn, -I.'uk-shitl. T o sweep, to fan.
(fror
IYupk-shitl. To open the eyes.
Nuk-shitt. To drink.
Pool-tee-chitl. Sleepy.
Pow-wel-shetl. To be lost, to be
missing.
Quaw-guk-shitl. T o sting (of a
wasp or other insect).
Quis ay-chitl. To change the
&art, to repent.
a
Quis-tohp-chitl. To become, to
change into.
Shaytl-ook. To change quarters,
to migrate (of a tribe or family).
It is probable that in tlre first
,syllable of this word we have
It m:
1YappJ, zippeh, scq)23eIi. Greatness, excess, superiority, the
superlative.
Chah-chum-mus-sap*.
Very
sweet, sweetest (from chumrnus).
I
Eh-ehr-Rappeh. Greatest,
'great (from ~ h 7 ) .
m,t ill$
wdlcing
vet spoken o
ing &,fc
The other superlatives wit'h this terminal are given in eonneuic g h ~ - i l h .
with the=
df comparison.
T#R-ko-i
seh.
Maylh -huppeh.
Balanced, i.e.
Maylhi-hzcppeh, very much, or
completely alike.
Tseek-milh-httppeh.
oration.
T o make
8
KOit
meaning
words :
i
H ~ ~ p eadds
h additional force to the tseek-mi/h (tseekci kar?hih
&-nz.d
which means ' to speak abundantlv.'
Sayday-.
I
1 ,1 . This syllable or sound, generally occurring as a te:
~ h ,
minal, but sometimes in other positions, affords great room f t ' h
,inquiry. Its usual meaning appears to be in contrast to shitl (actin
or'being acted upon): and to express diffused quality, or what ml
be barbarously called ' all-overishness ;' but the condition which
describes is eminently, if it may be so termed, sessile, and n1 ,%
moveable. For instance, the names of the different ooloured blank.
are derived from the names of their respective colours, with ti I&& the
. 5.
i-
ni r
v
:
.o\v
lj;
d
on of this terminal-ill
other words, they take their names
a diffused sessile quality. Ii7Zeesook, is white ; kl~cscll~,
a white
d e t ; I7~c~s-sllitl
(to show the contrast), the growing white light
of early dawn. In like manner, me have tool,-koop, black ; toop-lialit,,
b h k blankets ; and toop-slitl, evening (i.e. growing blackness).
E h - u h .
Green blankets. m-kahs. A being in the house, at
,
Ey-yoh-quk. Green.)
home.
d-wish-ah.
Blue blankets.
Mache-ilh (or Macheelh). In the
K&&-hulh. Red blankets. (Kluyhouse.
hook, dark red, purple.)
I Yetsoo-ilh.
Walking up and down
Atdalh, ?&ttalh. Black, i.e. nighty :
in the house, or any confined
(from uttph, night).
space.
'(
It may be as well to notice that
this does not transgress the rule
that iZh indicates stationary quality or condition. The motion of
walking is expressed in ye$oo; the ilh declares that the person
vn spoken of is thoroughly engrossed by or occupied in malking-walking.is, for the time, his fixed condition.
:xi6
Kid-ilk
:e 2
KO-iNcis probably derived from trrfc-ko-iM8, sitting ; and with this
mesning of sitting or abiding, it probably enters into 6,he following
niii
-
'Lying down.
Tid-Ro-ilh. Sitting. ( Tzck-quasseh. To sit.)
i
-
&-n~k-ko-ilh.. Serious.
Skdag-KO-iU.
, .,A churcll.
,- .
ta
f,
.--,
k - h - h . Standing.
Atho-rnilh. Curly-haired.
,
I
In-nikseh-ko-ilh.
A wood-shed.
' T h e terminal ilh belongs also t o iarrail?~,referred to under the.
ish. d s L I Z or vtilh (the nl sometimes appears) signifies, as is
,
combined
sed qualitv, and i h b l ~ ~ i kconjunction,
r, w'e can unilerstand that iskh~rik-nr
ill8 and its kindred forms
t be used to express the idea of quantity.
.-'
1 ~ 1 .This termillill has been a,lre;tdvexplained in connexion
..
:*;
.-..>
,
.
24
THE TAHKAHT L-4NGU-ICIE.
. :,:
d
.
Ay:
Is.
Small, young.
7Jnnah-his, Uchkinnah-his. Small.
Takn-is. . A young boy.
Hah-quahtl-is. A girl.
.
Mpt, pt, pts.
...^'brnoke
..;
A2'ashook-is. A strong li ttlc man.y e a s s e
Chim-mus-is. A bear's cub.
Tury
Growing plants and trees.
Cheet-sque
a saw
Aucheempt. ' Berries. (Generic
H*ootc
Oots-mupt. Some pine-tree, pn
bably the Douglas.
".$ood.
j >
'
Sa-eenzpts. A sort of grass or rec
growing on the coast.
.
See-zuhipt. The Spiraca Douglas,
15'
Tsa-e-rnupt. Oak-wood.
Tsa-impts. Watergrass.
Ckchik.
CReeta-yi
Ciktwik.
Blooktupt. Veins, arteries, pro- I
bably s s named from their
likeness to some sproutind,- 1
vegetable growth.
I
Kiakkamupt. A sort, of pine-tree.
-KZak-kwpt. Grass.
.
Kow-wipt. The salmon berry-bush ,
(Row-wih is the name of the
berry).
8 ,.
'
(&#&18
c
I1
.
. ,..
/
-\
Curtailment, injury, extinction, destruction.
/
Krrm-kusch-up. Having sick eje
K?tts-qug-up. To make smaller.
Ooh-strp. T o cut down.
Qi~o?/-up. TObreak astick.
Teelit-qu-up. T o crush, ta pu
- verise.
Yats-quo?/-up. To stamp upon wit
the feet.
Ash-sup. To break a string or
rope.
Choo-pay-zcp-pah. To extinguish.
Chu-fay-up. TO cut off with a
knife.
Kna-sup. To hurt, to injure.
Hy-yus-a-5-up.
T o lessen, to
diminish.
h'luk-sup. To untie, to unbind.
ri-gi%.
In&-uik.
&ah-cuhe-i
%E
tool^. The termination of words implying genera.
ti& =tic
44-v
E-esh-toop. Household things.
1 Tsistoop. Rope, cordage. (Or wl-c
Muk-toop. Things' for sale.
I
nected with tsitksup, to twist.
( Chc
Swh-toop. Beasts of the forest.
/ Mull-toop. String. (From *l 4'pb,
Telh-toop: Fishes, creatures of the ,
root mutl.)
I
dea.
'
'
sets, sefsos. A stand, a hold, holder, stool, station.
h
I~znek-sets. A lamp, a candlestick.
. (From innik, fire.)
\
I
Keitsetsos. A writing-tabk. (Frm ~ &.k * o
Wtslri4 to write).
-
-:.
A
.
. .,TAHKAHT
..
-.
.,
25
GRAMMAR.
.,
-Q$&ets. A pipe. (From yaishalt,
kirtretsos. A ladder. (From yat..
.,I
. smoke, tobacco.)
sook, to walk.)
T-assetsos.
A chair. (From
I
TUI-quasseh,to sit.)
I
,
cbnn.
,
i
Tspac seems to indicate the refuse of afiything.
Ched-sque. Sawdust. ( Cheetayik,
.,,,
a saw.)
1L. .
~
r
i
r
*
l o o t s - k s e . Bone; ' ' (Ha-oom,
pn
.......: .\.+0d.)
!
.
' j :
Cheeskts-gue. Shavings, scrapings.
( Cheeskah, to scrape.)
Klooehts-qae. The mussel-'shell.
(Kloochirn, mussels.)
Tahkts-que. Spittle.
,.
.
:la4
'
13,ik, frequently terminates the names o f instruments.
..
..
Kleetch-yik. A rudder. (Kleetcha;
a steersman.)
A7ttecli-.yik. A needle.
Yuk-Kay-yik. A broom, ( Yukshitl, ,
to sweep.)
- . W e h i k . A trigger.
Ckeeta-yik. . A saw.
C b & y i R . A large iron fish-hook.
Bas-yik. An axe.
I n d - y i k . ' A stove; (Innik, fire.).
Xd.-che-ik. A needle.
k
ejc.
REDUPLICATION.
wit
I
'
THE most general
force of reduplication is to indicate frequentatiGaction, as in the f o l l o ~ n ginstan?& :. .
,
.
, i
.. -
Mzi-mzi.-teh. A bird, i.e. a flutterer.
(Mutshitl, to fly.)
Nah-nash. To beg, to ask for a
gift. (From Nah-hay, nahhay ! Give, give 1
T o breathe.
Beyk-~zoah. T o go from side Queel-queel-huh. To pray.
side, to tack.
Tah-tah-put-hi. To consider.
ootltl-sik.
To
adorn,
to
Tseka-tskka. To talk, to babble.
- ...&ittis+ate.
.?+
(h'loothl.)
( Tseka.)
, Tsoos-tsoosa. 'ro dig.
Fm . K e....,.k-. o o t - a h . To beckon.
Hkw-waw. To talk.
A A d - p u k . Industrious. (Ahpuk.)
C(fi ~ ~ - c h a ~ k l - n o o k .Blisters.
:is t,
to press, to
,
I
I
. -
26
THE TAHKAHT LAKGUAGE.
b
Iu addition to this we find it signify parallelism or likeness, a.
rrh-nh, ves (the affirnlative answer being like to, and an cquiraleilt
the question which draws it forth) ; and in ah-oh-kook, like, with
various compounds. It is also a sign of intensity, as in the sub
SO far
latives given under the hkad of ' Comparison,' and sometime.
plurality. &
an& no dil
g itdverl
,
i
by fileur
c d r e .
%!bet
.COXPARISON.
t&.%rmi:
to the ve1
THISis effected by the addition of the suffix ~oj1.3t2or ta~tn{d .
the comparative, and laqq1c4, rppelt, or snppeh in the superlative. : Tednec
the latter, for furt,her intensity, the first syllable of the word
99
99
wenerally reduplicated. It is probable that these terminations a
h
not confined to the formation of comparisons, but are used nivarious parts of speech, with an intensifying fbrce.
Of t h
in '&e s
Chum-mas. Sweet.
''2
I Eh-ehr-Ruppeh.
Largest, rr p-nts
i
Cham-mus-oonim, Cilum-mus-tan - 1
large.
in sight,
nah. Sweeter.
I Hin-nas-wunnim. Higher.
Cltah-chum-mus-sappi. Sweetest, He-hh-nas-sappeh. Highest, n:
very sweet.
1
high.
I
sc
hFZoo-kloothl-appeh. Best.
1 ~,Plerso.
t
There are appnrent deviations from the above rule, probali 2&.. . ,,
..
arising from the originals ha.ving been changed after the tor
parisons forme4 from the111 had become settled words. Thi: termi!, 3pd. ,,
of the original is also sometimes cut off. Thus we have :Z
t
I
,
!
..
L
,
,
1.
:.
.
.
,
I
.
..*.
:
:
Y
6
;
!
.!
9"'
5
..:, ..,4
,,
'
.: 2
. ,
,.
,.a
<.
.
r
.
,
'
.
':
'
.,*
m
!
;
;
8,
...-..
-.
,
.+
.
r
.., .-.,
,
+
., . -
<<?,
.
'l..,
:i$
.
,.
,
,I
-W
?;$':
,
;,; s..' . ,
i*q.
L
;$, ;. '
5 .. '
.:&!.. ,
;::,
.
i,.!
,
: , ! ; I .
.''
;: , ;
i.' ..
.
..
.
... .
,..I
!: :, !' .
..,
..
I
.
isp,:,;
. > . , @ ' ,t
:;;..-.:
/
I
7
7?
7
,
Klohk-pah. Warm.
h'lo/im-muppeh. Wa.rmer.
I t Zoo. Cold.
Natlt lztppeh. V e r y cold.
-
PGhwk, Pishuktlim.' Bad.
I'ish- wun)zim. Worse.
Pisltappeh. Worst.
YaRk-uyyeh. Longest, very
-
*
--
--i
Ee-
reer
o:
lea:
"
..
-:- -
._.
z&-&
,r;-.
'9
. :<?
W.'
,,
..
.
,
'
,
..
.
.
. ,.,,'
.. ..
.
:"
VERBS.
80 far as.1 am aware, the verbs have no tenses but the present,
3time.
an& no distinction between singular and plural. Time is indicatecl
by adverbs, and the plural, if needed, wodd, I suppose, be signified
by tb universal krcs,il?~,which, however, is far too ubiquitous to be
considered a mere verbal termination.
R e three persons are distinguished in the following manner, but
t h e - h i n a t , i o n s ,though most generally, are not exclusively attached
to $-ha verb, but soruetimes to some ot,her word in the sentence.
~~inrd
.
.
ivc* Terminations of the 1st person.
word
,ions i
3d
YY
7,
93
,,
2nd
3rd
,y
,,
Ah, tah, utl-tah, and rarely sah and mah.
Huk, tuk, ayts.
Ma, utl-mah, win, twin.
TC
Of these, in the first person rth is by far the most usual, and lutk
in the second. I n the third person a very curious distinction
"
a presents itself, cNn being used when the person or thing spoken of is
in eight, and zcill or trcin when absent.
TObring.
Sooqziifl.
1st Person.
roball: 2&: . . . ,,
..
e coi:
3& . . ,,
ernli!.
Sooquitlah.
Soo-quitl-huk,
Sooquitlayts.
Sooqui tlmah, Sooquitlwin.
Ee-nees-a.
2&?.. erson.
iv.:,.
.A:.,
.
by loll;
-
'
.Z
'
-
..-.
,,
Oosh-tttli.
1st Person.
2nd
:,
3rd
To carry.
Enneesa.
Enneesa-tuk, Enncesayts.
Enneeama, Ennecsatwin.
,,
To work.
Oosh-tnkkali.
Oosh-tuk-huk, Ooshtukayt s.
Oosh-tuk-ma, Ooshtuk-win.
Eftachitl. To come.
Q
1s Person.
2n
,,
3rd
,,
'
Enachitl-ah.
Enachi tl-huk,
Enachit,layts.
Enachi tl-ma,Enachitlwin.
-
THE TAHKAHT LANGUAGE.
,
Hn21.shit!.
.
To plunder.
.
.
Kow-/cia.
1st ~ers,on. Kapshitl-tab..
2nd 3,
Kapshi tI- tuk..
3m
,, ' Kapshitlma, Kapshitltwin:
WeelJ-pee.
1st Person.
2nd
,,
3rd
,,
a
To steal.
Kow-wilh-tah.
Kow-wilh-tuk.
&w-wilh-twiu.
.-. .
5
.
.
c.F-as..
&#&#or
&,;;rshe-
ir
'
l d;
-her
:
To stay, to stop.
1st Person. Weenapee-sah.
2nd ,,
Weenapeetl-huk.
3rd
,, Weenapeetl-ma.
The above are the general formations, slight variations sometin
occurring. Occasiohally
the terminal is transferred' from the ~t .
J
+
as Wik-7~ukomchitl? (Are you not coming ?) qhich is equivalent
I
wicklit el~achitlhll7;.
These terminations also sometimes seem to take the place of i
verb-substantive, and are joined to adjectives in the same manner
they are with verbs. I n reality, however, there is probably no pro1
verb-substantive in the language.
Ther
T2yiZh. Sick.
among +,
Tayilh-ah. I am sick.
Tayilh-mah, TayiZh win. He r d y :cc
Tayilh-huk. You are sick.
. sick.
the . p t
does; not
And similarly -all other adjectives, without exceptions, lrfin
ehowever; being somet"ms used instead of ULn.
44%3&
0.
I
skis 'in
.-
IMPERATIVES.
I
.
The imperative, so far as I know, is only in use in the sew
person. ~fLooi&nh! a i d ~ctnzct~ik
!-both meaning 'come "-hr
apparently no connection with any other words. The rnost gene1
termination of the hpcrdt.ive is ch.c. This is used with all tho G .
i
,
...:
-,.>:<.:.?
.
>.;'.:'
*
-
NITINAHT.
29
'-\'
in it?, as .soop~titlehc,with the large exception that those in
.s=for
the sake of euphony, more often change that syllable h t o
elk. or she-e, instead of adding clrs, as ?~4-sBe
I look ! f ~ o mim7t-shetl, to
look ; k c - I - - , stand up, from Elnhk-i?$-shitl, to stand up.
Anather not so general' imperative termination is ik. This is added
to v d s ending in p, and to some which end in vowels, as, for
inatsace, kn?/cepik, frorh kn;y-ccp; to clear away ; mooshettppik, from
m i x ~ & t ~ ~ to
~ ~shut
c ( , ; tulpuccssik, from t rtrr/sa.qseIa, to sit.
.
.
I
.
.
.
,. . .
!here
. .
ark of course, slight differences of speech to be found
among the various Tahkaht tribes, but not so much as to prevent a
3e reti6y:conversiltion among all. The tribe which most differs from
the , ~ is tthe Nitinaht. It has a good many unique 'words, and
does not entirely agree in the numerals. While the ot.her tribes
had..eyer (if at all) make use of the d and h sound, the Nitinaht
nea& or quite always uses these in place of the frequent n and m of
the:&t. This, in addition to rowel changes and contractions often
g i d rises to singular verbal trrtnsformations. Thus Bv,ik, fire, is
chrmged by the Nitinaht into adcZak; mootsmahuk, a bear or a bearskk
%;...
. :into
b~ot~subrtk
; pztequcrzko, the hands, into kookadooxyeh ;
yzoh, father, into Dooltx, and oomoyxoh., mother, into a6cchz;
name of 2\Titi;lznhtitself into Dit,idalat. It must be noticed,
, tbat in their pronunciation of the d there is just a tinge'of
ound remaining, haGningthe effect of a person with a very bad
g to pronounce 1 1 .
,
30
1.1:
,
.
'
'
'
SOYE WORDS IN WHICH THE NITINAHT
PARTLY OR ALTOGETHER FROX THE OTHER TRIII:
,
- \ !',
. *'
r$:!
.
1':'
!; ;;,
.
,
i;
a
$
{,::
i':
The words marked with an asterisk are, so far as I know, :.
in any way like those used by the other Tahkahts. W,.
it seems advisable -for the sake of comparison the equivalent R
of the Tahkaht is placed in brackets :-
,
,
.
',
,
i
,
t
.
.
.
8
!$i .?
..
roaw-
warm-
.,
' ~ ,.
? I
THE TAHRAHT L.~~"U'GCAGE.
r.
,:::;.
.;
.* ,, .
-
. . ,.:.
, . I1 .
1
.
,
.
i! '
.
.
,
,
)
.
!..
,
L,..,
: . . . P I
.
f.1
..
:.,,
.
,
,
. ..
.
.
... q, . t, -
.it
'
.!
'3
,-... -.
;k
'
:
;;.
,<,
'9
.r
i?
..
.,
: '
,<.
:
p.
::$.
.
:
~:.'-
56 %, ; ;
*
.
.,.
,
.
1
%5
8;: . ;
t:
3s
.:
"\'
. , .
;?*, *
;..$! .
,
.
,-.
:,
f
'
I
:,
.. , '
. - ? .
,...
C?.
\:
.
!::,.I
...;t*,,. ,. . i
:
.
, .,. . '.I
..
.! :
i,:
.:;. .
.f. .-.
.:..
.
.
.
,:
-
.
- ,
;
;'r
-.
,-:
-
1,
*
(niootsl$a -*. .:,
Bear. Boots-abwk.
Father. Doo-us. (Noowatjksoh.)
huh).
te--I!,,
M.otlier. Ab-ahx. ( 0omu.yksoh.)
.
Boy. .Baccytlux. (May-etl. k?6ts,) . Eyes. Kulleh. (Kusseh.)
Hands:
Kookadooxyeh.
(
Qi
"Baby. EahdoGt.
*Wife.. Ah-hy-up.
quenixo.)
*Maiden. Kah-duk.
T o speak. -0oshalrats. . ( 00.)
"Always. Do-by.
mitsoh. )
Long ago. Ho-i. ( 0-uk.)
*Paddle. KZag-too-uchtk. (6
'
F i r e ~ d d u k . (Innik.)
whup. )
*Bird. Hook-toop.
"Hair. Klattah-boob.
1.
Elk. K2o-dup. (X7ohnim.j
Ear. I - p e . (Pah-pay.)
2.
Deer. Boo-uch. (Moo-uch.)
Eye-brows. Ah-aych. (Ah-(
3.
To look. Dah-chil. (&A-shetl.)
che.)
4.
To give. Klakkag.
*Tongue. Lukkay-ik.
.
. 5.
T o hzar. Dah-ah. (.A7ah-ah.)
Chin. Qua~a-ux-e.
6.
*Stone. Teddichk.
*Head. h7aht-kaht.
.-.
House. Ba-as. (Mahs.)
*Face.
Heetahql.
(Connect1 . ,True, cdrreot. Tank-chik. :( Tahkwith Tahkaht eetnhk-la.)
_
oktl.)
I Neck, Tseequawubts. Tsa
::
+Above. Heydupuk.
koomts.)
.
"Below. Heydusiwk.
*Elbow. Heedupuktl.
*Come ! ~ a t s i - & !
! He.
Yeelkah.
.-. .
/ There. Hahsahs. (Hittas.)
Rain. Beet-luh. (Meetlah.)
. .,.:
"Sun. Kliss-ak.
i Blood. Do~butsuBs. (Hissa~ai) -."*,:
*Moon. Dahk.
Country, territory.
Dissibu.
D o . Chay-quati.
4Nisnaah.)
'2
Friend. aitto-toah-tid. ( 00-wah- I Ground, soil. Ts~hkoku6s.( El
.+:i-.';,..
i
~oo~u~s.)
. . ..
Duck. ~ah-'d?Jk.
! To work. Baho-ik, (Mnmoeh, :.<.;:- .
fi
.: . ,;c
. .: .
'
1
..
...?il
1
,
!
.3
,.;
. .,.
.
,
.
.
. , ,
,
..
.
- z;.,;.:.'
.
?&:2
Shooquahtl !
( Chook-
eetsayak ! ( Cheetashitl.)
El'!
Tay-yewk. ( Quazo-te-ik.)
T o ebogh. Waw-o-usk. ( Waw218
maw-tsukka j
Warm, Klohbaht. . (Klohkpah.)
,
Alone.
DoI~.bukkidr~k.(AToopchinnik.)
Tso~o-wid-dook.
/( Tsow~zoazu-chinnik.)
How many ? Adday-ikke ? ( Oonah ?}
This. 'Ahkeeh. (Ahkooh..)
To-morrow. Ahbaytluk. (Ahm,eetlik.)
I
be.noticed that in these cases where the other Tahkahts
ficiency, the Nitinahts supply a word. They ,have a
name for wife; and for the sun, as distinguished from the
.'".
m e. .a. ... n d while t,he Tahkaht ~OO,?/XCI&,
a stone, seems t'o be strangely
$*
fr
om moobtcmh, steam, the Nitinahts afford an independent
lots
- ....
'.
".,>. ;
,
1
dh-t
.
1 . Tsow-mau-uk.
2. Ahtl.
3. Kahketsa.
4. Booh.
5 . Shoots-ah.
6 . Chay-uk-palh.
7 . Atl-pooh.
I
I
!
.
8. Ahtl-sib.
9. Tsow-waw-sib.
10. Klah-wha.
I
-
20. Tsokkits.
P A R T I. -.
.. .-l3.
'^
....
..;.!p
\.
1%
- ... * ,
5
..*is
.
:1+.-*
',.,. >.
= .:-,'.
I\._
>
;,;:
- '::.',
.
?.
.
,
.-
I;.
b
;
. , ..
.. .
.%
.
Jr:'l..
-,
9;;;;
. .. : : .
",?.
'
.
..,
,. "_.:.;
y .'
. -.:I.
.
3.
'.
f
't'.
...
. ..- , ..
A.
%
:
,.,A'
.A&;,&. yes.
A&&-che.
.a
Wide (of a canoe, board,
1
I
Ah-mah. A large, grey diver.
Ah-meetlik. To-morrow (So Uttyhtlik, the coming night.)
Ahm-ooye. Yesterday.
S h n - nuk - koilh.
Grave-looking,
serious-looking.
A-hous-aht. Name of a tribe.
A h -pelsoo. I n the centre, central.
Ahpuk. At work; working.
Ah-punnuk. A thing in the middle
(where one thing is above and
another below it).
Ah-quil-hy-yeh. T o lend.
Ahtk-shitl. T o set apart..
Altl-atla-malur-hool. T o pull out
the hair of the shin.
Ah-toosh. A d e e i (Also Moo-web).
Ah-uk-puoch-yo?!. A wound.
..
Ah-urn-ntus. Cheeks.
Ah-up-ee-milh. The shoulder.
Ah-up-pi. The shoulder.
Aiehk. Good-lookiug.
Ak-kah-ta ? Of what tribe ?
Amenoquiih. A corner.
.
.
,
-
tsah ?
TO
Whose ?
reach after.
(Ah-clrukh kous ? What man ?)
-cl"e. The eyebrows.
-soolh. Cunning, crafty.
.
-
elow high-
.
'
/
D
.
,
O , f
,
.
_
, -
I
i
,
.
34
THE T.ATTKAFI1' J,..\S(iU:lGE.
Arneloauts Name applied to the
Tsik-hohtin, when tlie head becomes white.
Am-mit-teh . A name.
Am-mit-tpee. To give a name.
Am-mus-shulh. The bosom.
An-nah-ah. T o gamble.
,4n-nays. Short ( i . e . not long).
An-neeh ! Look ! (A word calling
attention.)
An-nei%.-,ndli. , I see. (The answer
to An-neeh.)
.An-noos. A-craw,
A p-poonit-nus. Mid-d ay .
Ap-poon-uttylr,. Mid-night.
Apuxim. Hair upon the Eace.
Ash-sup. To break s string or rope.
(Conf. .K(itisup, &c.)
Askeh. Bald-headed.
Askit. Bare of hair on the body.
Askoolh. Bare of trees and slirubs.
AsRumillt. Bald.
As-selh-yuk. Leather:
As-sits. A wasp.
A-thlah. T o spew.
:ltlaoltmillc. Curly-haired (of men
or beast) .
-4th. *TWO.
Atla-niwk. A fork or branch (as
of a tree, river, &=j.
Atla-newk-ha-xk.
Fork of a
river.
I
t
1
I
I
1
I
II
I
1
.I
/
I
!
1
I
1
-
. Small branches knotted
together, to show a trail.
,it-str?/-Ruts. The throat.
Atlalh, (or Uttalh). Black. (Conf.
Attyh-nigltt.)
At-toh. A Beaver (from Attalh,
hlttck ?)
A t-tyh (or Gttyh). Kight.
A?/-aychen. One who knows things
of the past.
Ay-ayltr-she. @ickly ; be quick !
Ay-chim. An old man.
Ay-en-tuk. Always.
At/-hahsh. To sig11.
~ i - h u - i k . To cry.
A?/-hih-tall. To remember.
Ayhr. Great, large, very.
Ayhr-mis. T o stop.
Ayhr-wuktl. Valuable.
Ay-is. Ne ttfcs.
Ayk-hap-uk. Uniform in dealing ;
not. paying either much or
little. (The Indians consider
this bad.)
AyR-huk. To speak, to tell, to
narrate tidings to a numbel.,
to preach.
Aplh-mukt. Xettles.
Agt1-channa. By-and-bye.
Ay-utl. X o more.
Ay-ph-koornts. The thumb.
Ay-yak-kamilh. 'Fifth lunar montll
frdm about Novernher.
..
I.
I
i
l-3
L
i
Hardly, if at d l , occurs in the language, the m aouild taking its place
,
speak the same
almost or quitc/exclusively. Curiously, the N i t i ~ a h t s who
language, wit$ only a dialectic difference not a t all interfering with free
intercourse, dmost or quite' exclude the m, usiljg b in every instance.
1.
.
;
ChnA-1tnt-s71itZ (or, perhaps, more
prohahly Chq/?ter-sl~itl), T o
be astonished, to he biulked,
to be startled. (Chayher-slritl
would mean ' struck by the
..spirit world '.)
Cliah-Rah. T o support, or bear up
Chres-cheesa. A cl;lnco and song
. ..,I~e:fofornled
by wornch having '
do\\rriy fkathc.1.s scattered on
tllclir hair.
C l r e 4 ~ s - k ( ~ To
h . scrape.
Ch,e~.cktsque. Scriipi~~gs.
Clreeakuksoofl. To shave.
with the shoulder. Cheeta-malt, . or Chcettck.
Sidehoards of an Indian house.
Cirnltk-chah Rah. T o press, t.o press
down.
C e e t s i t . Cold (applied tc pers o n ~ sensation).
l
(;'inhkl-'chalrk~-,took. . Blisters.
yChaItk-maykstah, or Chultk-gus-s~p. Cheet6yik. -4 saw. (From Cl~ee?/ul/,
to rip,)
T o rule, to govern.
Chak-hots. Tndian buc1;r.t.
Chcetsnzlcs. To lea.d, leading, ,z
leader.
C h a - p o d . Canoe with men in it.
Cheetsque. Saw-dust.
(,'ka-17zcts. A cahoc.
Cheetsyik. Large iron fish-hook;
Chcxst6mit. A mink.
Chti-tay-upt T o cut off with a Cheets-wih. A button-hole, arid,
perhaps, any hole going right
kiife.
through
a thing.
Chay-her. T h c Inrid of departed
Cheetuk. Impudent.
spirits.
Clree-yuhkamilh.
Thirteenth lunar
Ch,ayk-kuk. T o nmkc to cry,. to
month, counting Xovember as
punish.
the
first.
Che-chah-mutl-pyik. A boat.
C'he-clte! Pull along ! ( Clre in- Cheeynlz. T o rip, to split salmon
for drying.
cites to action.
I t is the
terminal of the second 1x1.- Cheh-nelt, or Cheli-neh-mah. I do
not know, or I have not seen.
son
imperative
in
most
Che-is. Salutation ' (of meeting or
verbs.)
farewell) to a woman.
Che-che-che. T h e teeth.
C'he-chee-shook.
Hostile.
(An C'hek-kottu;/. Scar of an old wound.
Ewkloolaht word, the ordinary Clteltoop. A'lale, husband.
Chirn-me~s. T o plough.
word being iThhpt?rlli.)
Berl and bedstead,
Cltc-chik. A trigger. (Reczn t names i n - m i .
berth,
bunk..
of instruments generally end
Chirnnzin. Large wooden hook for
in ik.)
ha.lihu t.
Che-chitl. T o pull.
Ch.im-mit-sas. The right hand, the
Cheelhah. T o smile.
right hand side or part.
Cheeguis-tus-up. T o pull up by
Clrim-mus. A bear.
the roots.
%
Chinel~nlh. 'To wrestle b i holding
.
t h e hair.
Choocilk.
Choo-chuk.
r n c . l i~ici
tin$ to imCiLoih!
~ne(li:iteact ion.
C?i~o?cwalr! C.o~i:cb!
Choop. rI. lle tor~guc. .<
C O O - G - r ' / . T o extinguish
(of fire).
Choop-j,oox. Decnj-ed, stinking.
C7tooshul~. Wild;
Choo-ut-toh. T o dive.
C o o - u p - a ! Stop ! stop work-
ing ! ( Up, with tllc nieaning
of putting XI end to.)
kPOon.
I
I
'
1
i
i
;
I
i
1
.
Chuk-Roots-uk. A s t o r k , a t sen.
( Chuk, water.)
ChzrR-ditl. T o ;\\\rake a person.
Chtcksu-ih. A waistcoat.
Chulcha. XaiIs (of' hitnd o r , foot.),
claws (of' henst or bird).
Churn-)*us. Sweet, tasty, palatable.
Chzcm-nt?cson?zinz,or Chz(mmus-tannqh. Sweeter.
~~'~tah-e7tzcmmz~s-sup-~1i.
Very sweet,
swee tcs t.
Chu-rk. Water, a rock in water.
Tine light Ei-9altk-shitl. , To escape the memory.
fixed on the canoe for nighty e . Many, a great many (perfibhing.
haps also very ' \.
Eechukasin (or, perhaps, more properly Aychzckasi?~). Alicestor. II Ei-ych-chinnik. A great many toEechinnakoom. Ear-pendant.
1
gether.
Ep-,?shtoop. Things, possessions.
Ei-9eA-koonzts. T h e thumb (or
Ee-tah-klcs. Up-hill, steep.
A!/-gah -koomts).
Ee-tah-tus. Down-hill.
Ei-yem-alah. ' There are a great
EethloohooJh. The lips.
many.
Eetouifiyes. T o go away and stop i EZh-PU~US.Scattered, divided.
n long time.
EZh-PUIIUS-sip.T o separate. (Trans.)
Eh-ehr-happeh (or, perhaps, better Enrrko-us. A fish of the salmon
kind.
spelt Ay-nyhr-hcrppeh). Greatest, ker-y great.
Enako-us-imilh.
Twelfth lunar
E h r , or d y h r . Grqat, large, very.
month f ~ o mNovember. (EnEhr-sooktl, or Ayhr-sooktl. Brace.
akous. The name of it fish,
Ehr-sook-toop, o r Ayhr-sook-toop.
from which the month takes
To comfort, console.
its name.)
-Eh-shetl-che! G o !
En-nees-a. T o carry. .
QZ-ehupamik. T h e common squir- Elt-nitl. A dog.
rel.
Ewkloolaht. Name of a tribe.
Eish-kook. A bottle
Ewk-sah. Wind from the sea.
Ei-yolh. Wing-feathers. (Pg-yalh. Eoattih. Land-breeze.
i Euik-stis. Wind up the inlet.
T h e smaller feathers.)
Eial
Hal
Hat
Etch-mah, or Eechuk.
i
1I
I
I
. Ilnl
Ha7
(
I
:
I~UI
Ira7
Ha.
k
. A brot.her.
E!/-nuk. T h e crying of a child.
Eys-she. Tlie ankle.
Eyyoli-quilh.
Green blankets.
(With one or two: exceptions
I
the blankets are named after
their colours by the change of
the terminal uk into i l h . )
.Ky-yoh-quk. Green.
1 - A - o h . A lizard.
Hee-seesah. T o beat wit11 ;l, stick.
Ira/.-ham-kook. T o cure., to Leal.
Hee-sut-huh. An interpreter:
Hah-han-noo-yik. Boastful. .
Heet-tah-pul-hzts. .Below ( of' p i Iiah-hoh-pah. -To advise, to adtion). .
monish, advice, tradi t i ~ n ,le- fie-l/ah-sl.irmik.. Together . (of
wends of creation, &c.
two).
F
era/^-koo-palh. Poor.
lie-hin-nns-sappeh. IIighcst., very
Huh-ohksacheel. A generation.
11 ig h.
Iiah-oAk-suk. Chief's eldest soil, Hem-kah ! Loolr 011 t ! Beware !
heir apparent.
Hershin. The smallest sort of
tfa7.t-oom. Food.
canoe.
Huh-ook. T o eat.
Hetetsohkstah . To swallow.
Hetetsoqtcaw . The mouth .
Hai~-oom9~t.T o subdue.
He-tup-puh-us. r~l o pass by. ( I n Ifcih-00-ye.' T o e u c h a n ~ e .
trails.)
Hah-o-quitl. T o requlte a blow,
Heyk-heyk-quait.
'I'o go from side
tlieft, .murder, in like kind.
to side, to tack as a sliip.
Huh-o-quill-chitl. T o change.
Hilspeh.
Above (of' 1.elativc posiHuh-quatl., Unmarried woman.
tion.)
H a h - p i s . Name of the Seshaht
fiitfi-mik-kahoo.
Gooseberries.
village site on Barclay Sound.
Him-t1tilT;s. Lard, melted fbt.
a h - e - 1 . Low tide.
Hirnmit-kyh.
Tlle cross on a
I n - n . Naked.
church. (Himmittah-peh-kokIlannah-toop. T o disrobe or unkg?#,i.e. crossed house-stafl:)
. dress a.nother.'
Him-mit-tab-peh. A cross-bar.
Ha,nn~rk-lilh. Near death.
' Ntm-moo-wetsoh. One who knojvs
IIatsoh. Small.
the things of the piist.
I$tittees.-- T o bathe, to wash all
Hinnah-a-wah-Auk. A fore-anover.
nouncer.
fIa9-her-salit-chitl.
To bleed.'
Binnun-poop. To burden, to lay a
(Intrans.)
burden on another.
.
Hay-nim-soo. To set ,food before
Hin-nah-yuktl. To instruct.
another.
i Bin-nas. High, aloft, above, on
Nin&-h2dh-huh: T o breathe;
i
high.
Nee-chook-warlt. Hump-backed.
?
'
*
38
THE T-.\HK-SWT LhSGUACiE.
Hin-nus-wunnim. Higher, more i fittczhktlee. The base, the under
high.
side of a thing.
He-h.innas-sappeh. IIigllest, w r y ! Ilittas. There, yonder;
high.
Hittuy-a-tnh. An end, an extrerni ty.
.-Hn-nas-ill. To'climb a tree or mast. !
Hm-nus-setsos. Above (of relative : Hit-toh-min. Sand-hill crane.
position.)
! Iilcilt.-?imy. T o confess. (This
Elilk-nay. To offer as a gift,.
1
word applied to a person wl~en
Win-nays. The head of Albernj
accused, ~ 1 . ~ 0not
, in fear,
InJet '(or ' headward,' describ- !
would say, ‘ Yes, I did it,' proinv
the course of a canoe or ;
bably no.t from a-good motive,
?
but to stop the shsrne attending
s h ~ pu p any inlet ; or rather
further criminations.)
' to the ]lead,' describing their
Hlhnh-hlah-hah. The measure bbdestination.
tained by stretching tl16 srn~s
Hin-nu-ytlah. Side of a mountain.
Hinnoolh. The face.
to their full width.
C'n'-nnylhalr.? -How long is i t ?
Hishimilh.. A crowd, assembly, 1
i.e. how many ldhallh-ltlhahcollection!
Hishi~rzilh-hus-sup. To assemble,
hnhs ?
uather
together.
(Trans.
)
h70tstseilk-mah. I t is three
?
H i s l k - y o h p . To gather together, .
hllhah-hlhah-hahs.
\
to assemble.
Nooulh-mah. I t is four ditto.
Ilis-pich. A blaze i'i.e. a mark on Hlebzrxti. The heart.
a tree to show a trail.)
Hlheet-as. A valley.
His-snmis. Blood.
Illit-rna?/ktl. The pulse.
His-sayk-soh-lah. The sea-shore.
o h - 1 . A bridge.
His-seekim. To direct, to tell t h e , IZlookctupt. Veins or arteries.
way.
~ o h - i r ~ - s r nPercussion
.
cap.
His-sin. A light red berry (Vac- Ifohfiz. The blue grouse.
cines.)
Hohpta. Hidden, concealed. (Hohpta
Hissit. Red ;tlie first run of salmon. II
ooyaRkamis. Secret news.')
Hissooah-soolh. Tobleed. (Intrans.) ! Uohpta-muk. Don't tell ! Keep it
Hissoolh. Covered with blood,
sc?cret !
bloody.
/ Holptsup. To conceal.
Histohhitl. To come." .
t Ifoh-puktlim. The heel.
H@okshitZ-haks. Come from the ! Hohts-hohdsh. Drooping.
house. (Sotilhkalrs,staying in ffo-ik. The ~illow-~ro;se.
I
house.)
1 Eiokidskook. Biscuit.
His-yik. A n w e .
i HoRgueechis. To cover (wit11 a
I
:
.
1
(
I
,
i
i
'
*
'
I
IT7us-lok shitl soon = IC'trssek-histr)ks/~itl
soon
or
7Frtrsloks/skill lri~k
or
=;
K s s e k hl.sloknsbill hlrk
If-hence come you ?
i
~ e s s e l , hat, or other stiff Hzcchim-suk-sah. A girl's brother.
shaped thing.)
( A man's brother is katlilahtik.)
liwah-men-chitl. A n eddy or Rzcchispuh. This side o?.
back-water.
Huh-kay-ik. A knife.
Hoopahlh. Thimble-berries.
I Hulh-may-huh. T o be drowned.
FJoopalh. T h e sun, the moon, a 1 Hummootispue. A bone.
month.
1 Iluppah-yuk-kaik. A brush.
Hoop-attoo. To set (of sun or moon). 1 .Huschitl. A fugitive, a vagabond,
Hoop-ckeilh. Mid-day.
n refugee.
Hoop-peh. T o help.
Hussis. Teal duck.
Hoop-pistah. T o rise (of sun or Hyem-hammah. I do not undermoon.
stand.
Hoop-ukh-klinhl.
Green-winged Hyern-ham-majh.
H e does not
teal.
understand.
Hoo-sattoh. T o blow or puff.
Hyshitl. Black currant.
No-uch-cheelh. T o mend.
119s-wuktleh. Dysentery (i.e, with
Ho-uts-a-a-chepusim, T o lend.
blood -7iiss-amis )
Ho-utsachitl. T o return, i.e. to Hytokstootl.. T o tell a lie.
Hytoktl. False, worthless, useless,
come back
How-chuk-lis'aht. Kame of a, tribe.
of no account,.
Ilozu-k6mnh. A wooden mask.
Hytoktl chush ahnneh ! Look you,
Howk-sap. T o upset, turn over.
the news is false !
How-mis-shitl. A pledge.
Ifytshit'l. T o bend forward, to bow.
Howtshitl. ,TOsprinkle.
Hy-yeh. A serpent.
How-wayRtZ. Hungry.
Hy-pent-mus. T o take a wrong
How-auay -utl. T o complete, to
trail, to miss the way.
Hy-yeskikamilh. Third lunar month,
finish, and so to stop.
Hoxem. Geese.
from about November.
Hziclr-chi?. Deep (of water, and IIy-yu. 'Ten.
perhaps of other things).
lfy-yus-a-ty-up. T o lessen, to
Hucheemt. Berries.
dirninisll.
11
j
;
I
,
1
Ik-moot. Old ('of things).
IR-snh-tsook. . T o be in service, to
serve, attend upon.
Ilhknhs. Staying in the house.
Inz-hah. Shame.
Im-ich-sahttz. The forebead.
Impi~aualkinhl(g soft). ' T h e person walking secondin along line.
Im-tah. Unfible.
Innik. Fire.
Irmikayik. A stove.
Innik-kaytstrna. Forehead mask
. (used in their dances).
In-nik-yaillt. T o make a fire.
Innikpuilche. Make the fire ! (Che
imperative).
1
40
THE TAHKAHT J~AXGUAGE.
C
Tnnik-quk-tl?/ik. Smoke-stack,
i Ishimyohp (or Hisirimyohp).
To
stove-pi pe.
I
assemble.
'\,,
I Ishinriik. With, together with, in
Irl-nik-sets. A lamp.
company with.
In-niks-geh. Fire-\vood ; any sort 1
IshinnU-qua At. Next door.
of felled or fiillcn wood.
In-nimalh. Tlie nipple, milk.
/ Ish-kolk. T o smear with resin or
- i s ~roun.d,&nd about.
!
pitch.
j isb-ook. All. (Alao Choochk.)
Ish. Anci.
There is, i t is here.
! Itl-?ah.
1
Kii-6. Give it me, hand it me, let
$:oath-lah-sim. Branches of a tree.
(Notice the likeness to Kathtahme look at it.
K - - s i t Z . T o die, to kiJ1.
tik.)
K&-ti-sookstoop. T o grieve (Trans.). Katlr.la?ltik. A brother, a p e r ,
li'c-&-sookstootlah. I am grieved.
(not used of a girl's brother),
- 'I'o wound.
I
the name of the second lunar
Kuh-cheik: A needle. (Also A-ee-. 1.
nlo11t.h from Sovember.
cheik.)
! A7ats-hak: A long Indian dress.
h7a1i-chuk. h fork.
I: hTaw-kns-chup.
With sick eyes.
A-oh-httk. - Dead.
i Kapeeche ! Go home !
A7ah-hrckkit. V e r y sick, dead.
ATayeep. T o clear away. (Kayeeh i - k - '1'0prick, to sting
pik ! Clear away !)
like n nettle.
A-ay-ha-sliitl. To look through or
hitii-rLimm?ck. To stop, to stay, i.e.,
along a thing, to take a s i ~ i l t .
not to go. (Intrans:)
xay-ita-yik.
A telescope, a microsKah-olits. A nephew.
cope.
hT'ih-oots. 9 large bucket.
a - 0 1 . Sight of a gun.
I
a - s i . The foort,h lunar ; hTay-Ray-yes-soo. An octave for
moiltll from about ~iov&bvr.
perhaps any other interval in
linh-tah. Sbort inot used of a 111an).
nlusic).
A-ahtskinniksooptal,l.
T o run a kTagtsnh. Pmal: rain.
hF(rytsltitl,or' fiitsl~itl. T o write.
race, or ' ;I race.'
h-ahtsksup. To tear in two.
Ka9tsinnik. To shut the eyes.
a
p
t The arm.
fig-?ttZ. A lons time ago. (Also
A-~~Zkkoru-wih.
The bramble-berr?.
Oh-u k-ooye.)
- i ? i To kneel.
h e - . Submerged.
A
. A wolf.
h7eitseh-keitsait. Writ r ng.
- s i t To steal, to plunder, to Keitselh. Paper, letter, a book.
r i t ~ i s h . (Kow-rciZh is the word h-eitsetsos. A s r i ting-table.
for ‘ secret stealing.')
h-citsuktl. A sc~i'tie,a writer.
,
"
I
h-la.
I
Klb
Kla.
Klu.
Kla
Kla
Kla
Klc
.Klc
I
'
Kt.
Kl.
Kl
II
I
Kc-kersh-hah. T o shake, quiver,
tremble.
Keys-kegsh -trb. L3me.
Xiklee-ukshitl. ~ d e c k e d .
A-in-nay-yup. T o bring back.
Ki?z?zitsnzis. A bruise.
Kistok-kuk. 131uc.
h7itsmeih-soh. T o stir, to stir up.
hi'ttle-yu. A crack, n chink.
Klal~-chit-tuhl. T o doctor the sick.
Klah-rhoochin. A stranger.
Huh-hah-nik-sup. 'l'o close up (as
of a book).
Klhh-hahs. L y i n g down (of a brute
or thing, not of a man).
Klah-haytsoh. A box with lid
fitting over the sides.
h'kah-liaylh-hut.
T o renew, to
/ make an old thing like a new one.
h'lah-hix. A box.
A-lah-howye. Now.
Kluh-huk-sik. T h e present generation.
h - 1 . Lying down.
Kludk-ih-pilk. S-tanding.
Ktahk-ih-shitl. T o stand up, i.e. to
rise to a standing posl ure.
h'laltk-ih-slie-e ! Stand up !
&]t-klah-h~w-~au:-~uus. A railing or fence.
Idah-Rlah-puR-kah. T o hammer a
nail.
Klah-klah-pullrah. A lock. '
A7/u/~-klab-sqah, T o coast along.
h-zah-klah-tii-)tiln. . Notcll fbr the
fillgers a t the end of a speakshaft.
KZa h-k[ah-to-WY-yeh. T o paddle
full speed..
Klah-klah-tim. A foot.
A711ah-klinch-t8y-chitl. A dead body.
fih-kzct-chitl. To grow ( Intrans.)
(of children, plants, kc.)
'
-
.
41
TAHKATIrI'-E:XGI,ISH.
I l i l ~ h - a i t l . Pillccrs,
tiieezers.
Klah-oh. Anothkr, some nlore.
,Kl/,boh-uppi.
Something J re,,
I
another instead (said in t r d e ) .
i k'luh-ohyandt. .Kame ot' a tril~b,
iI
so~netilnesmeans 'ut~otllertrib;.'
i h%h-oh-quitZaI~. To reply, or peri
haps, to cont.raclict.
j Klah-oh-yzcil. The clay itfter to:
rnorro~v.
i Huh-oh-q?riE-ooye. The day .before
i
yesterday.
I Klah-puk-//tall.
A nail.
i hTlali-quay. To beseech.
! Klahr-millt-tck-sAitl. A thing future.
~ahr-mu* ~ e w - b o r n . More probably recent, new.
Klulr-snn-mp. A. pile-driver.
h71uh-shoon. A wise counsellor.
KZUIL-US. A
A-Id-kahs. X tree.
hr/ak-kumupt. A
KIakkirnild.'
hTZukkoh. Tilank you.
K/akkoh-pkit. Srl~all-pox.
.Klak-kupt. Grass, leaves, foliage.
i Klak-she. A parting salutation.
Smooth (as o f planed
' A-Zaskzrk.
board, fur sro6othc.d the riglit
1
way, kc.)
i Klris-?ts-zstl. Slippery.
r
' K?at-cltuh-ut.
I o run away, escape.
Klutlt/uA-en knlrtoo. The cramp.
,h?attdmttpt. Yew-tree.
K~at-wduk. Sot't.
A c t . To shoot.
1 Klayha1~-pa?znic/i. T o go out for
a paddle (1itEralIy k k f y l ~ s k
j
nanifch, to pncldle and see ;
i
con f. gntspa7tlziclc).
i
h'lug-,no?t. Large red-headed woodpecker.
I
1
/
1
/
7
:
,
i
42
THE TAHRAEIT L-47SGUAGE.
1 Kleetsmah. Stuff to sit on io a
Klayhoo~.' Purple.
A'tayltuk, or Hayhuhkah.
canoe.
paddle.
To Kleetstoop. Blankets.
Klayhk-shitl. Thin (of a person). ' Xleetsappem. A sail.
Kleetsuppoopeh. T o set a sail. . .
Klaghulh. Indian matting.
-Kleet-tuk-zouh. T o keep, to preKluyhupper. A small sea-fish.
serve uninjured.
Klay-klayhr-tim. Yards of a ship.
Kleet-9th.
Small fish-hook.
KIayo htshsnkl. T o commit forni,I Klee-yzck-stootl. T o hit (i.e. not to
cation (of a woman).
h'laytsmitwim. An apron.
1
r miss).
Klayt-klayt-bholr, T o stride. (Conf. lilek-klemalrktlee. A grasshopper.
Kluh- klah-tim.)
,
, Klen-nak. Gentle, tranquil (of a
~layt&azc?rk. A rat.
person).
Klag-uktt ! Look out ! Take
Klennut. Wooden wedge for splitiKleehooamis. Clouds.
ting trees.
Kleehstulh. T o make to laugh.
Kletshitl. T o split with a wedge.
Klik-klenasm A bracelet.
h'leehua. T o laugh.
Kleeklnh9-yeh. A martin.
h71ik-klenastim. A n anklet.
Kleeklamis. T o hunt, to pursue KJik-klik. A hoof.
game.
Kli-klitskook. Flour.
h 7 - m a . Firm, firmly krl i t.
Isr!eekquushin: Boots.
dleequu~l-'nkis. Riame of a small hlilim-rnuk-Aah. T o be sleepless.
Klimmuk-shitl.
T o wake up a
bay or indenture of the inlet.
h'leeselh. White blankets.
person.
hrIeesh-klukkaik. Trousers.
ArZin-hut-suppoh. Overhanging (of
Klees?tklin. The leg and foot : the
it rock).
foot. (Comparc with the above.) Kl'innika. .Bent, crooked.
k - s t To bend.
Klees-shitl. J u s t before sunrise.
&lees-sook . White .
, h71intim-mis. Ashes.
Kleetcha. Steersman, man in stern ( Klitsmis. Chalk.
6f the canoe.
' Kliyarltkh! Make haste! (Also
Eh-ehr-sRe !)
h'leetch'yik. A rudder (connected
' with Nitinaht Klaytoouchtk, a
Hoatlutl. rl >o forget.
Klohk. W i b .
paddle).
Kleeteenek. Small cloak or cape.
h'lohkpah. Warm, hot.
xleetseechis.
cover .(with a I h'lolrksuhp.
To arouse anothcl
handkerchief, paper, or other
from-sleep.
thin and yielding subst.ance).
h'lol~tn-rnuppeh. Warmer.
KXeetseet. Pregnant, with cllild.
A-loh-nim. An elk: '
KleetshitZ. T o steer. (Conf. h71eet- h'lohpkull. Wakeful.
cha, A71eetchpik.)
Klohpsltitl. T o wash the. face.
h'leetsi~niM . 31u ffled u p-:
hl'lohseah hozo-witl. Higllest flood
Kleets-klah-soop-tahl. A canoe race.
tide.
1
/
,
I
/
'a
I
k
,
Kloksent. A mast.
Mzttchitl. T o take in sail. (CornGlooch-hunh. 'I'o commit fornicapare Kleetsuppem .)
tion ( ~ af man).
A - s e e ! Take in the sail !
Kloorh-huh. %paused: engaged Kly-emmi. Give more. ( A n ex pression often used in sale or
to be marr~ed.
Kloochim. Mussels.
barter.)
h*loo-chinkl. J u s t before sunset.
Ko/~-hoo. A black duck.
Kloocl4-moop. A sister.
X~h-~ilhT
. o hang, to hang up.
Kloochtsque. T h e mussel-shell.
hFoiryeik. The forefinger.
Klool~-peh. The wharf.
Kohpshitl. T o point with the finger. .
Name
of
a
moun. Kloohqueltsal~.
&'oh y uenn6pich. A wood-pecker
o
r
s A large hole or deep
tain.
pit.
Klookloothlalh. Clean (of persons).
Koltt-kuk. Hard.
h'Eookloothlsik. To ornament.
Ko-i-chitl. To grow (perhaps 'to
h*/ool-hut. A good workman.
be a man,' ko-us.)
Kloopidg. Autumn (or summer).
hTo-ishin. A raven. .
Kh'looshah. Dry.
h'bkkeh. A house-mast (i.e. a flagKtooshist. Dry salmon.
staff or other pole not set in
Klooshook. Dry.
the ground but on a building).
. Klooshtsoqua. Thirsty.
hrokkoop. A swan.
Kloosmit. A herring.
Kokkum-yakklassum. A pin.
Kloothl. Good.
hTokkun-nah-a-milh. A gun.
h'loothlahs. A garden.
Kolh. A slave.
Kloothlalh. Clean (of things).
Kooh. Ice.
Kloothlilh. Flooring, a floor.
Kooh-quoo-t'iousa. A seal.
h'loothluktlim. Good.
Kook. Food put on b a r d for a
Kloothlwunnim. Better.
1-oyage.
hrlookZoothlappeh. Best.
Kookoop-snm-muRtlelL. To touch
Kloothsooktl. .Well-in ten tioned.
with t h e fingers.
k'EoothsooktEah. I am u-ell-intenKoontits. A skull.
tioned.
Klootsinnim. A board for a pad- KoonaA. Gold.
Koogunl~. Cautious (as in huhting
dler to kneel on.
,
or war).
Klootsmah. A married woman.
K l o ~ - ~ a I ~ - ~ h a ~ - e t l nHe
l a h(she
. o r Koot-kootuf~. To beckon with the
hand.
it) has become good.
T o open (of a
li[ogrisutllr. A little above low KoowiR-tuppah.
door,
lid,
&c.)
water.
Koo-zuik. A thief, thievislr.
hT1ak-ka-9ik. A key.
Koo- will^. T o steal. (Compare
Kluk-sup. T o untie, to unbind.
Koowihtuppalt, to opm.)
h'luntrna. Carved house pillars,
Koo-u;us.
Open (of n door or lid).
often in the human form.
, Kopuawdsatltl~. Bold, u~iabashed.
K l u p - p u p k. Scissors.
i
44
THE TAIIIi.4lIT L A S G L-iIGE.
0
1
Kow-zuislr-uk. Red-hot.
I .Kow-wits.
T h c potato.
o
.
I<ototoci~~t.Ilalf:
KuZh-kahm-rnut-top. A thing in
tlie mind, :I thought, a fancy.
h'otsct.~. 'I'lic left hand, tlie left
(firnotop )
sidc.
Indian
.
pin
(for
K
t
t
l
k
a l ~ . T h e little finger.
/
o
! hillkin-tupehr. Strawberries.
bli~~~li(lt).
I h'urnutychea. T o learn. (A-umotop. )
h'otslsa. Thc? numeral ,3.
/\'o-r~ll-klu/~-n Xostril.
I hicm-meets. A pilot.
I h-urn-met-kook. T o run.
o
/ Blor~iing.
L , - u s . A man, a.11Indian. (Homo.) : A7t~motop. T o understand.
-> hi,-rctsmu?~.
Soul, shadow, re- .! &tske/p. Thestar-fish.
I h7?6sseh. The eyes.
flcbctecl image.
K O - . Bono barb of halibut 1 A t - h e - I . T h e palate.
Kut-shitZ. T o pinch.
1;ook.
K u - i / t . Tlie ~altnon-berry.
! h-tr ts-quy-up.
T Omake smaller.
1ioic.-tc4)t. T11es~llnon-b~'l'ry
bush. i G e l s . A c ~ . o ~n<rook.
&n.-wi.u/tir,:i//t. Kin t 111un:ir ken tli : K!/-!/a/)-chitl. Adrift.
1'1.o1n;Ihou t Novcnlber. . (Avow- h:1/-!/ahfsn. Drift cordage.
PC i?t /t is/& ill( .)
1 h-y-$nmclc.
A pantlier.
o
w
.
s
.
e
portrci t.
Corkscrew.
1
'/
fih-pc
,%hpt,
ti!
Jl(t hs.
se
.$fah&e.
11
Jla,11,tsillamff
0
JIuthl
lIi~ih/i1.
,ltayet
v
Y
May 11'
LIIeesc
itf~etEleets
Iferne
,llem;
.
Lltoo-//LO~-LLI~IIL'IIPC.
-1roofing shingle.
M.
C
'
Illto the llouse, i114lIe ;
l l b l c is probably derived
tl1c liolluc.
t'l.om LIIc/~tc:
:L house (as i n our
-ll(th ! ' l ' i l l i ~ it,
' hoaseliold~r.' ' husbsl~d') and
3fc1/r-o/tcrtl. 'I'o bite.
so tlic word may mean primarily
ili.:ld, of 111rhouse,' and secondA1l(//th. A \~l~iil<!.
k
t All eat:ib!c liliaccous
a r i l j c.ldcst brother.')
root .
. 41hr?t-))tbt?ilc.h. ,Any person not an
I / / Antlers, horn,:.
I
(-1word formed many
,lfcr/t-r)u~r/k-so/~Elclcst. I~rotller.fa'~c.ars: t p from ,lIahte-mc~~ll~i,
111i1vrchpresc~ntittiv~,
first 1un:ir
nllich had reference to the
llioli t h 11;1ppexli1lg;lbou t So\-em' house-like ' rcssels in which
r . ( I t does not coi-cr euthe srangers. navigated the
:tctly tlic snlllt. ground as our I
~vatcrs.)
elder brat her.'
The first : ,~Iuh-?zah-siP. To 1,-eigh.
t
i
1
h
al'
.Jfa It t-
Jffl,yl-
..-
x, .
i
Ee
ivaI&t-,
*
'..
"
(
111i1c.-
Nil-1
~TE
l isi
5
Nin-:
iTlit-;
JlitZJ1it-f
iI10or
ill00
n-200.
ivoo
1Jf00
dfuh-pees. A bat.
,lIuhptvl?t. Enemy. inimical, hostile (of x man or tribe).
i s . A house, a population, a
settlement, a tribe.
.Vultte. A liousc, a population, a
settlement..
,lla?tt-malts. T h e entire population,
a11 the tribes.
.,llaltt-Zeetsin. Circlet of stuff round
the liead.
J ~ ~ ? t t s - p i n .A house-fly ( Jlahte)..
illamaksltitl. '1'0 fasten the (Iress
or blanket by tying.
,llut?tZook. Cold (of tlre weather).
~Il{ithEuppeh . Very cold.
iVayetlkuts. A boy (more than a
very young child, less .than a
young man.)
iliayl-?ai,or Jlaptl-hi; Si1nil:~r to,
like to.
,IIc~~l-huppeh.
Balanced (of sc:tle.-;).
Jfeesook, ~Tieeshitl. T o smcll(Trans . )
~lfeet-lalt. Rain.
i7leetsin. Shade.
Illemetook-n~ah
k. A spider.
,Ilernilh-'hus. Foot. of' a monn tain.
(Comp. ~Tlil-hus.)
c h i - i s . Abreast.
I - u s Flat ground.
iPlilsi-geh.
Shaft of a salmon
spear.
itlin-n ik-stas. Surrounding, circumferen tial. .
1Wt-lash. A boy's n'ame.
i t - . Gum, India rubber.
illit-wha. To revolve.
i V ~ ~ ~ i r i c h o o pT.o invest, to put on
clothes fbr another. ,
JIooh.
he‘ numeral 4. .
Jloolt-~~2inRutl. T o scorch.
~Vook-shitl. The hammer of a gdn.
LVOOR-wah. Steam.
.
ITfoolquis?ltlhI. A little above low
w,ztcr.
A4100/shitl. Flowing tide, flood-tide.
~Jlooslre-tuppci h. T o shut.
Mooshe-tts. Shut, closed.
iIIooskrrssc~~~t.A door, n lid.
iJioos/rt~sscrrzccpik. A hinge.
il/oostntec. A bow.
Jloofsasook. Gunpowder.
,Ifootsmaltuk. A bcar-skin. and
ao,metimes a bear. I t is probably the origin:%\word, though
now allnost supplanted by
Chim-wus, which, i n its first
rneitning, applies to anj-tlli~~g
sxt-ect, tasty? or sacoury. 'l'lw
111clianssmacked their lips wllcil
the llunters brought in n bear,
wncl cried Cl~i~n-?nus
!(Si~voury
meat !j Ilcncc, probably, tllc
~11ii11ge.
Moo-ttclt. A deer.
Illoo-,t~kd 'CtTct, filled wit11 moiuture.
~Tfooxyeh. A stone, a rock, i i rocky,
soillesg, t reeless rnoul~t i k i n , or
su m n ~t.i
' i?Iro2~'(711~r1- o carry.
,110zouh-ishin~zik-st~p. To carry to,
to add to.
,lluch-kooltt. Covered wit11 dirt,
dirty.
L C - l . Dirt.
,+Iuch-pelsokunhl. Bi ttcr.
Muk-koollt. Blind. (Comp. T o rnulztl:)
Muk-qwah. To set frcc a slave
(perhaps to .~)urchase( J f u k )
his freedom.)
1 J;Tuk-kook. T o beg.
JIztk-quinnik. To trade, to bargain.
,'tIuk-toop. Things fbr sale (toop,
generic.)
!:;:i.'
*, *+.
I.",.,
t'4*t.
,
.C-.
t A bird. ( J l i r t r l i l l t
o
. Tile lock-up, tllc
jail.
3" fly.) M.I?-m?i-tehmeans ' the
fluttcrcr.'
The reduplicated Jlutl-snhp. T o lock (of a door).
syllable giving the idea of fre- I I t - s t . T o bind round.
quency, i.e. thg frequknt move- 1 iJ1utl-tool?. String.
ment of tlle wings.
! t
- Bourld, tied, locked.
.I/zt-ah-ah-toh.
To fly dorvnnr:i,rd, i-t-shill.
TOfly.
descend in fligllt.
(Cornp. Jflutsutl. T o alight (of a bird).
t
i Alighted, sitting on the
~attoos-u~-ub-tr>~~.)
-iIftit-a-mis-inkl. To fly upwards.
t
vround
:
(of a bird).
~l.lus&m. Tile common people (;.e. My-ynZhi. l'rinciple of sickness, or
its personification (ofken said
not the chiefs).
to be introduced into the s j i il.Itctlah-sulk. T o tie or bincl togetlier.
AhtZemayhoom. T h e iron hoop of
ten1 by some ill-disposed metlin- cask or tub.
I
ci ne-man .)
z t i . Imprisoned, locked up.
1 A butterfly.
-
-
1
1
I
,\>h-ah.
T o hear.
1 ,Ihshkin,nik. A brick (i.e. i17ushooR
a h - - p - c h i . T o taste.
innik, strong to resist fire.)
I
Ah-shill. Day-spring, daylight.
~l'ah-ah-tuh. Attentive.
iYat~oh. To see, to sight, to note
:\kh-a?/x-oh. An uncle.
. 7 1 - c h : l . A propllet, n scer.
or mark with the eye, i n front.
I\-uhch-ko-mzcklinlr I.
look
of, before.
S-i?/-nytlik.
T o illumine.
back.
ilTa7t-cho-ilh. Found, or to find.
,.g-it-Euk.
Light, as opposed to
I
,\-ah-choollz.
A copy, a pattern.
i
darkness.
A\Tuh-Aay. T o give. (-\?17&./ruy- I L17ay-ge-ee. Echo (fr. Xah-ah).
mah ahnneh Chaputs. Look *l-e-nh-uh.
To run a-ground.
you ! I give a canoe.)
(Perhaps Neah Bay's name
,\Tuh-nash. T o beg, to ask for.
I
derived from this wo;d).
Nah-nayxoh. A n aunt, a guardian. ~ ~ ~ e e o t t o o k ~ R - ~ a Z hT- oh utake
~ . off
NaA-pee. Light.
- a burden.
i\%A-shetl.
T o see.
AGeche-ik.A needle(a1soKah-che-ik.)
~Vaahtl-nash-huh. A copy, or to lI-eeputto. Thread.
COPY
LTeel-lak. T o scold, to quarrel, to
I\7uh-tuch. The stock duck.
I
mock, to discuss a matter
~\~ah-uktl. T o feel.
angrily (from neetsah, the nose:
i\%nich. T o look.
and having reference to the
A\Tcr~. Day, sky.
contempt~lousmovement of tliat
,ITashook. Strong.
I
'
1
'1
j
TAHKA !I?'-F:S(;I.TSH.
47
/
-1-eetknee-yh. T o sew.
. \ - ~ o ~ ~ ~ e e / hRumour,
.
universal
.\>et-sah.
The now.
report ; or, perhaps, agreed, in
,l'kel-shitl. T o bend the head backunison.
I)
i\700p-pee/li-sooktZ.
To make a
ward.
A-eet-uktl. Deep-laden (and so ,
friendly agreement (either nanear the water) of a ship or ,
tional or personal).
bout.
I A1.'~op-pooh. The numeral 6 .
,l>neJtktook
Peas.
Al%op-sik-kupyel~.The highest tree
,l%t-lah-kahte. A rib.
I
or mast. (Comp. Tsozo-waw,lTk-shitl. T o scratch, to claw.
I
~ ? e )h
,I-isk-shill. T o sneeze.
I Al>o-quits. dGuinstick; pitcli stick.
,\*ismah.' Country, territory, land, ~\'boshnh To portion out, to give
away.
tlie world.
.Yitininalt. The name of a tribe.
1 l?oosR-itl. A ?weat giving away,
an entertainment for making
.I7itkin. Roe of fislr ( o r , perhaps (
only of salmon).
I
presents.
*,lvo-huh-shitl. T o burp.
,\%osl~ookt.
A gift receivcd a t a
!
*,l%hr-shitl. T o burn, injure anynooshitl.
1I A700timilh. Round, circular.
thing by fire.
,l>o-chee. A mountain.
I Noo-wuyh-soh.
A Father.
SOD-chuk. An egg.
Nuk-a-may-ham-ma. I want some
,l%ok. A song.
I
water. (This sentenw, like
1
not a few others, seems like the
.I-oo-mas. Twins.
I
,\>o-meelh.
Tame (of domestic I
fossil of an earlier laGguagr,
analogous to, but differing from
birds or animals ; perhaps also
the phenomena of the present
when subdued by hunger or
1
fcjrmation.)
other causes in n wild state.)
A1700-moo-chee. A pigeon or'dove.
I - s t . TOdrink.
S~lpk-slritl. To open the eyes.
,\'oo-nook.
To sing.
j
-\bop. T h e numeral 1 (also TSOW- -\iJ-yak-p~t-to. cradle in which the
wtluk).
new-born child is placed, and
A\'bov-ka-mill~-stas. Central, alone I
in which its head is flattened
'in the midst (not of persons).
I
and limbs swathed.
AVy-yzlk-uk. A baby.
the
V
S, or
said
sys-
24-
I
I
1
kook
I
lt.
note
ron t.
1
I
. -
',<f w
. * I :
'
I
, to
*
tter
ose?
the
'hat
OR- Awk-quitloh. T o choose.
Oh-kookem. Cross-piece of a paddle.
Ohkskupem. . A cork.
Ohkumha. Fine weather. (Con-
*
L
7
.jy*::,
ki+;;
0.
$.:I
$S.rt.!
c ~ ~
.<:. - 1
::-+L!.
..: & '
trasted with k k ~ u m h a ,bad
weather.)
Ohn-nalz-hay-yup. To renew, to
make an old thing like a new one.
These words may possibly be identical, some mistake being made i n b k i n g them:
.
t
.-
-
;i'
.
-
Oh-oh-kamilfi.
Seventh . lurlitr
month, counting the first to'
..
be about Novem.bel..
Oh-oh-kook. Like to, similar.
.
.ic
;!
,.'
Oh-ohp-ka-kook. Sugar.
,
.
Oh-oornhuh. Greater, longer.
-,.it ,i
Ohpko. 'ro whist,le. . '
I
.
I
Ohpkamits. Sand.
II
,.
. .
Oil-poolh. Deaf.
Ohpuk. Calm weather, 110 wind.
.. - !.:
r'*
Ol~puksoo~zl/t.A button.
.
.
...
Oh-yuilh. That (?), there (?),be; .
yond (?), -yet (?), more (?),
.:,;. i
besides (?). ( A rvord in eon,
',jstant use, but difficult to get
i
;-;/
the exact meitning of.)
;k
Oh-puinnik. A box with' double
.:.,
the inner ones being
moveable.
9
.
e
!",.
I
w:$+<
' ..
OIL-shitl. - To fall.
ii
Ohyaltt. 'Kame of a tribe.
"y;
.
Okkultta ?, What tribe ? (Okkuk,
.-..
...
.J~.
maltte ? The hht is here i.n
.y.
composition just as it is in the
..$.'
Y.
.
namr.s of all the tri bcs.)
?.'
_,>.-:L..
Okkal~tohtck? O f what ti-ibe are
yo!:? (The termination huk offi
$,
. tenindicates the second person.)
.2? .-..
Pkkzlk f * Wb&t :i
i?+
Okshitl. To make water.
:!I$. .
Oochkamis. Clouds. (Also Klee..
..
..?.
?tooarthis.j
'i
1
7
I
Oochkz~k.
Cloud, fog, mist.
.."
,..,.,
.,
00-ee-ilh. T o obey.
.>
+';j..
OoA-sup. To cut down (of a tree). ,
,.
Ooitl'che. Go and bring. (Trans.) 1
#i
( O ~ t u c h i tsooquitlche.)
l
y, <
- .:.:.
.
. .Ooksup. T o .t.empt anoll~erto do *
.-I<". .
wrong. (?)
'i.. ,
k:
.
. Ook-9o.u. Friend. ( A Ewkloolaht
>;!++
word.)
:*:i
Od-mah-Ruk. .A coloor, probabl?
green. .
1u
/
z
y .
:
-.
.<
;
.
.
i
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-
,
TJ..
I
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:
../
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.;
;G
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.
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:
,r:17.
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,
5
.
t,.
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,7.,,
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,
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.'1:
.
: !
4.
-.X.
1
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,,
,
:
"
.
I
.<
--*
.
OornayRsoh. Mother.
0o-z~~
Oon-nalh ? How mucli ?
00-wq
()on-nah-chit. Shape, form. 00-zeal
00-00-eh. T o hunt, to pursue in
fo
hunting.(Tr;me.)Kleeklawi,v.
gc
with a somewliat similar meanm
inr, is intransitive.
00-zoh:
00-ood: To migrate (of birds).
Ooya k00-ookantillt , or Oh-oRka,,~ilh
'
aE
Seventh lunar month fkom
Oopak:
about November.
0oya.K:
00-oosh-tgk. T o work.
00ya.k:
00-yuislr-stik, o r ~ h o o k w a h ~ s t i k .
00-yal,
Let me see ; and oft% used in
\
answer to a question w h e , ~ I 00-yeh
of
person wants time for recollec.
CG.
tion.
Ooshimitsoh. T o whisper.
Ooshoolh. Proud, scornful.
Oosh-,yuksornits. Thank you.
t)osooktlah. Q7ounded.
Pachec
Oostachist. Surface of water.'
gi
Oostahs. Surface.
1'ach.ee
Ooste-ilh. Low down, below. .
P(.cltin
Oostepitup. T o lower, to place in a
an
lower position.
tic
Oostsunwt~k-?tuk.* The Indian ~ ~ h o a
speaks for the chief. (The
Pa3ill'h
' terminating uk-huk, probably
a R,,,
iiykhuk )
PC!
hPc
Ootachitl. T o go.
gt
Ootsmupt. A tree (probibly the
Paht-k
Dougl;~spine).
PutaAs
Oot-sup pel^. T o go and see.
00-uktl. T o bless.
00-uktla9. T o finish.
00-zoah-tin. A f r i e d . ( Woh illdicates speech, and, probably,
refers to conversational intrrcourse, the ' taking sweet coali-.
sel together.'
00-wahtsoh. Third finger, second
brother.
,
.
'\.
,.
.
,
...~.
1.
\
u
00-loagb-sintlh. Goal of a race.
00-way-up. T o begin.
00-way-uttnh. T o precede, go hefore, a leader (as the leading
goose in a flock, or the head
man in a single file of walkers.)
00-zuhun. A t the end.
Ooyak-kahs.
To relate, to tell
about a thing.
Ooyakkameetl. To go for news.
Ooyakkamis. News, tidings.
Ooyakkanuk. T o bring news.
00-yalh. T o dance.
00-yeh: Soon, presently (a word
of time occurring in several
combinations).
'..
I
--
'.
,
l
,
,
._
Ooye-in-hi. Unfinished.
Opechisuht. Name of a tribe.
0-zik, 0-uk-ooyeh. A long time
ago. (When a ~ e r long
y
time
is spoken of great emphasis is
laid on the byllable uk.)
Outlookamilh. Sixth lunar month,
counting about November as
the first.
Otu-sitppaht, or 020-suppat. A barbarian (i.e. one of an entirely
Tahkaht ' is
foreign speech.
,. the word applied to the tribes
speaking this language).
Ow-yzcp. An interpreter.
d
,
-
P.
Pachertah. One who presents the I Pilluk-pillukshl. A stone hammer
gift of anoth6r.
in the shape of a dumb-hell.
l'acl7reetZ. T o give.
Pin-nn-tuulh. A very big canoe.
Purhinaht, or rather, in their own Pis]&-aht. A bad workman.
and .the Nitinallt pronuncia- Pisii-uk. Bad. (Also FVik-00.) ,
tion, I'acljidnht. The name of Yisli~cktlim. Bad
a tribe.
Pish-wunnim. TTrorse.
P h - i k . Dust of the earth.
i s - p p . Worst.
Puh-pahts-uktl. A loaf.
Pohkleetum. Small downy feathers.
(They are sprinkled on the
- p a The ear, the nipple of a
head during their entertaingun.
Pnht-huk. Rotten, decayed.
ments, especially by the women,
. when performing the CheesPutahs. Canoe full of things. Pat-kook. Things, s w l l household
cheesu .)
Poo-elk. Halibut.
propertyPooh-pootsah. A dream.
I I'aYThahaYik: A dooking-glass.
-T&yh-eyk. T o praise, to speak wall Potsmis. Froth, foam (as of t h e sea,
a person's mouth, &c.)
of.
Pug-pay-hayrim. Glass, a wind,)w. Poulteechitl. Sleepy.
Pee-yah-up, or Pees-sook-stoop. T o Pow-mcl-shetl. T o be lost.
Pij-yalh. Feathers. (Ey-yalh. The
excite (as by harangues).
wing -feathers.)
, Pepesati. T o work.
'
I
'.
.
Quee-pee-hah. TOsuck.
Quah-hums. Public, well known.
Quees. Snow.
Quas-setsos. A chair. (From TurQueesafi.. T o snow.
quasseh.)
~uas-tim-ha. Well behaved, wit11 Queeskidg. Winter.
good manners. (Quas, afraid Quepalhuk. Rough.
Quequenixo. The hand, the hand
of, Imha, shame.)
and arm.
Quam-quk-shitl.
To sting (of a
Quis-aht.
The further Tahkaht
wasp or other insect).
t.ribes. (Fr. Quispah.)
Quaw-te-ik. Tired.
Quis-hay-chitl.
T o change $he
Quawt-lik ! Come !
mind or heart, to repent.
Quawtl-quuch. The elbow.
Quis-shah. Smoke.
Quawtluk. Sea-otter.
Quawtoquk. Devious.
Quispah. On the other side. (HtiQuawtsook. To walk.
chispuh, on this side.)
Quato-utl. - The sound of cracking. &air-sets. A pipe. ( ~ f o mqubQuayktlah. Acid.
1
shah, smoke, and sets or setsos,
Queeahta. Pointed.
I
which in composition means a
stand or holder.)
Que-E-che-is. Salutation to s man.
( Che-is, to a woman.)
Quis-tohp-shitl.
T o become, to
Queel-queel-huh. T o pray. (This
change into.
T o fit together, to ,
word not recognised by all tile I Quit-te-yu.
Indians whom I have asked I
splice.
about it.)
Quay-up: To break a stick.
Queenupshilh. To attract.
.
I
1
i
',
.
Sah-ah-he. Name of the Seshaht
River-house site.
Sah-ook. A wolf. (Also Kannatlah.)
Sa-eemits. A sort of grass or reed
growing on the coast.
Sak-sak-a-pi. T o turn over and
over.
>&sin.
Humming-bird.
like or "the
'-..
1
1
,
a
Seekah. T o sail.
Seekuppeh. Unequally balanced
(in a scale).
Seeto. A tail.
Seshaht. Name of a tribe.
Setehah-min. To bound, to .limit,
a boundary.
Setsoop. Thd~ook-nosedsalmon.
Setsoopus. Eleventh lunar month,
counting about November as
the first.
Seewalk. We.
)
Tah-c
ic
Tah-c
Tah-.
TuhkTaAkTahkTaAk
r
'L
TaAk
Tahkc
t
"
1'AHTi.41IT-F,NC;T,TSH.
51
!-
Seewahs. Ours.
See-whiyt. The Spircea Douglasii.
Seyah. I.
Seqas, or Seyessah. Mine.
Sha-&-tin. Head of the salmon
spear.
Shaytlook. To change quarters.
(Said of a tribe when migrating from one of its houses to
another, and carrying its goods
and houseboards.)
Sheet-lah. Brake fern-root (an
article of food).
Shoh-shitl. Rusted.
bS;ich-chin-nio-mehr. An epithet
applied in some way to some or
all old men.
S'idsrnaiz. Maggots.
Sih-Rah-ik. A frying-pan.
Sinno-moox-yets. A black-coloured
vaccineous berry growing on
rocks.
Siskummis. Flesh, meat..
Sissidskook. Rice.
Sit-si-tehl. Marmot, ground hog.
~ l o o ~ o o kRoof-boards
.
of a housc.
'
I
3
2
'/
Soo-a. Thou.
Soo-as. Thine. .
Soo-oolh. A kettle.
Soo-peh. To catch (as of a ball or
. anything else falling through
the &ir).
Sooquitl. To bring.
Soo-sail. To swim.
Soo-soop-tahl. To wre~tle.
~ o o t c h a . Five.
Soo-uk-klinthl. To bite or*sting
(of a serpent).
,900-wah or Soo-wa-till&. You, ye.
Soou:ahs. Yours.
Soowidg. The spring, a sort of
salmon.
S~~ch-kal&s.
A comb.
Such-'ikstootl. Stoppage in the
bowels.
Sum-met-toh. A squirrel.
Sunday-KO-ilh. The church.
Sush-toop. Beast, brute, beast.s of
the forest. (Toop, generic.)
Szcs-see-ip. To sigh.
Sy-yah. Far away.
Sy-yalt-yelh-syah. Very far away.
i
'
1
/
,
!
i
1
i
j
1
,I
I
,i
1i
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.
*
. . .
j,k
ii
.
j. >t :
;Ljii
.4,
';:.
,s r':5 ,
1
*,
,. s.:
:aJ$r
$:
.'?I.L>
T.
Tah-a2h-mah. A smooth or fash- ' Tuhllo'win. A stone hammer shaped
like a dumb-bell.
ioned stick.
Ta6ksate. The head.
Tah-chah. Low water.
Tahkscheet. Straight.
Tah-hup-e-chaana; By-md-bye.
Tuhk-ah-peh. Tile shaft of a cross. Tahkshitl. To spit.
TahRtsqui. Spittle.
Tahk-ay-uk. Straight.
/1 Tahks-ut-tup. To wring (a,s of
Tahk-ay-us. Parallel.
'r&hkladkamilh.
Eighth lunar :
wet out of a cloth).
month, counting about Novem- i Tahkuk. To grant a request.
a
. A canoe pole.
ber as the first.
Tdkokst~otl. To tell the truth.
1 Tah-mookh. A kingfisher.
Cross-stick - of- a
Tahkoktl. Correct, proper, true, Tuh-pim.
the truth.
. .
canoe.
i
/
9
.
1,
,s
C
ii
1'
.
.
,
52
-
THE 'T.4HK.iIIT I..-ISGI'.4GE.
Tah-p;zctayik.
\IreigE.ing scales:
a rule, a measure. (From
Tah-talb-put-hi,
to
estimate.)
Tak-qualt or Tahk-quail. Held in
the hand.
Tah-quinnik. Concealed in the
hand.
Tah-tah-put-hi. To consider, think'
over, to prepare, to practise, to
rehearse.'
Tuh-tah-put-hup. An objectz set
u p to shoot at (fr. ah-iahpzct-hi)
a t - a . To pole a canoe.
Tahtsche. The stomach.
Tuhts-tall k-soolh. A guide (connected with the root taiik meaning straight.)
Tali-us. A prop or buttress.
Takn-is. A boy or child.
r
ram-mnok-you. A single knot.
Taa-nah.
Boy, son, male infant.
Tan-noop-alh. A bnrden, the
forehead-band for carrying a
burden. (One of these meanings probably wrong.)
.fis-mulh-elh. To stroke, to smooth
down?
Tattay-in. To groan (as in sickness).
Tatti-itskookq~~um. The second
fivger.
Tattoos. The stars.
Tattoos-ah-ah-boh. Shooting star,
falling star.
~aut-nahIchilh. Increase of population.
Taut-neetsin. Descendants, posterity.
Ta!;-ah-ah-toh, To throw oneself
from a height.
.
Toy-oh-to-ytcah-fnh. T o makc a
mistake.
Taychitl. To throw.
Tayilh. Sick. ( ~ & o s e d to teeclr,
well, and'-teechilh,alive.)
Tayish-tish. A small hatchet.
T i t . Long.
Toy-pitl. To fall or be orerthrowll
in wrestling.
Taytltay-ya7~. T o throw.
Taytosah. To let fall uninkntionally.
Taytsk-shill. Flame.
Te-at-too. Below, between decks
(of a ship).
Teech .Well, convalescent.
Teechilh. Alive.
Teech-mah-ahktlup. To save, to
save alive.
Teech-utlmnh. He is well.
Tpelh-hah. Bait for fishing.
Teelh-yu-up. T o crush, to pulverise.
Tcemebh-oomah. A towel.
Teeme1h.-Jtus. To wipe.
~ e e n a h . A file.
Teetl-tee-$ah. T o rub. . (Reduplication of the syllable denotes
repeated action.)
Teekskutl. -A noise.
Tel-hoop. Cuttle-fish.
Telh-toop. Fish. ( 'roop, generic.)
Ten-nak-mis. Mosquitoes.
Tennanakslhill. To bring forth a
child. (Comp. tannah.)
Tepittrcp. TO throw down, to
bring down. (Comp. oostepitup.)
Tim-melsoo. A bell. '
Tohk-shitl, T o melt (of ice, lard,
&c. Intrans.)
Tdd-muktl. D a ~ k .
Toh-pel&. The sea.
Toh-;
Tohtct
Toksc
t
Yoks
Tooc.
Took
Tool.
Too-.
Toop
Toop
Toop
Toos,
Toot
Toot
-
.
;
Toot
To-5
ToqTo-5
T0-c
To-c
Tow
Tow
'
.
Tsa7%-
Tsn
I saP V
A
Ts&Ts&
Ts&
I
7
A
1sa.
Toh-pz-is. T o j u m ~over it stream.
Tohtspah. T o leap over a high
thing.
Tokse-ilh. Vcry high mind from
the sea.
Toksoquin. An owl.
Toochey. The east wind.
Tookamis. Bark of a tree.
7bolh-4oop.u~. A blot, a blemisb. .
Too-mees. Coal.,
Toop-kook. Black.
Toop-kulh. Black blankets.
~ o i ~ - s h i t lEvening.
.
Toosh-koa. - Cod-fish.
Tootah. Thunder (also taytskin).
'rootooch. The great supernatural
bird which makes the thunder.
Tootsopstah. 11 chasm, tbhy ss, devp
hole.
To-quaht. Name of a. tribe.
Toquis-tus-sup. T o gather fruits
- of' sowing.
TO-yuit-tup. T o sow s(!ed, to put
in roots.
To-quk. Skin.
To-yakamilh. A number of skins
together.
Tow-quos. Gills of a fish.
TOW-wawktl. Pregnant, with child.
Tsa-emup t . . Oak-w ood.
Tsl-hook str:kigh t forrrard quickly forward (said of paddling a
a canoe).
Tsaltts-ahk-klin. Roar of the sea.
f su-injpts. Water-grass..
Tsh-koomuts. The ground, soil,
earth.
TsB-mlhkles. A slue (i.e. probably
an up-water. Camp. Eetahkles,
u p-hill. )
rrS'&-ool-J~uJ~. wave, a billo\v.
I su.cpin. L)ivcr
a reddish'
brown head.
I
T
I -
i
I.
I
I
j
I
I
i
I
,I
,
/
i
j
1
j
1
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L
A
Tsas-noolh. A river bank.
Tsay-hat-te: An arrow.
Tt+ay-kents. Small, low flying,
white marked duck.
Tsqkip-kaylhool. The smithy.
Tsay-&k-palh. T o wrangle.
Tsny-yuk-koom. Indian woodcn
cup.
Tsee-atl-soo. 'I'o obey.
Tseek-millz-huppeh. To make ap
oration. ( Tscka, to talk ; miZh,
kamilh; or hishimilh, which
signifies abundance of anything ; Ibuppeh indicates. rt
superlative force.)
Tseel- ha?^ R,elaxed bowels, cholera.
Tsees-an-rzup. T o water (as of :L
garden).
Tseeskah. T o buzz (as a bee).
Tseets-a-huktl. The crab-apple.
Tseetsik-tah-sim. A finger-ring. Tscetsootup. T o pour into.
Tse-ilh. Indian sticks for maki~ig'
fire by friction; lucifer-hatches.
TsCka. To talk.
TsFka-tsEku. To talk moch, to
chatter.
l'setsetuktim. Tlie toes.
Tset-tset-tikatsin~. Seeds.
Tseu-ma. Full.
Tsa-huh-tin. ~ l i white-headed
g
eagle. ( l i e ord is applied
to t l ~ e bird generally, botll
before and after the 11c:nd has
turned white, a change titking
place, according to the Indians,
when tile bird is three years
old. There is another special
name for dle bird in its whitklreadetl conditiol~.)
. X
' o' cuiomai~d,to onlcr.
'I'sim-hn.
Toothed flat pole fur
calcl~ingsslnall fish.
I
1
I
1
i
I
1
,
,
,,
54
THE TAHKAHT LANGUAGE.
Tsistoop. A rope.
Tsow-maw-ltoollt. An only-begotten
son.
Tsit-Ray-yuk. A gimlet.
Ts2-koo-wiltah. A drop (of any Tsow-wawk. The numeral 1. (Also
liquid)
~%~uop.
)
Tsitktaw. A roller.
Tsolo-wawklahs. Alone in a house.
(Comp. IZkkahs, histokshitlTsitk-&up. To twist.
kahs.)
Tsit-kup-ill. To lie down.
Tsow-watu-peh. Eminent, overTsit-guilche ! Lie down !
topping those around.
Tsit-qzilh. Lying down, to lie
Tsow-wawts-hamma. A man wi tli
down.
but one wife, a woman with but
Tsits-an or Tsits-an-nha. Angry
one husband.
(of a wordy anger).
Tsitsikkinnik. To pmy.(as to the Tsow-wap-yoos. The rainbow.
Tsow-wista. One man in a canoe,
moon, to God, &c.)
a canoe manned by one.
Tsitsislra. To shrink*back, to be
/ Tso-yosk. To wash the hair.
disgusted.
Tsit-tsit-pus. A cannon.
Tstrp-gzcaw. To boil. (Intrans.
Tsohksatinlrl. T o knock at a door. Tsus-guaw-up. To deceive, send
Tsohpshitl.
Highest flood-tide ; I
on a fool's errand.
'
also flood from a river, to over- ' [$us-sis. T o drive (as oxen, birds,
wild animals, kc.)
flow (as of water over a cup)
Tsok-kits. The numeral 20.
1 T w - u k . A river.
Tsokshitl. Lowing of cattle.
I Tuk-guas or Tuk-quasseh. T o sit
Tsokstelh. Tofightwithfists.
I
down in a chair.
Tsoos-tsoosa. To dig, to till the 1 Tuk-guassik! Sit down ! ( I k a
ground.
i
frequent termination for the
Tsoot-sah. Unsteady, crank (of a
imperative.)
canoe).
Tzck-koilh. Sitting or squatting.
Tsootsinnik. To wash the hands.
Tuk-q.lculleh. To sit or squat on
Tsootsahktah. To wash the feet.
I
the ground.
a
Tsoo-wit. Salmon.
Tup-win. T o gird, to girdle.
Tsoqrcitl. To wash. (Fr. Tsuk Tz~s-she. Doorway, gangway, trail,
sooquitl ?)
road.
Tsots-howa. To fight with a. knife. Tus-slheelh. To make, a path or
Tsow-waw-chinnik. One walking
trail.
alone, unaccompanied.
Tut-tayin. To bemoan, to lament
Atlah 'cltinnik, in company
aloud.
with another.)
I TG-tuptwin.
A spider.
iI
?:.
?.. ,
..: :, .
. .
I.
'
.&:
..
b':
,.,
/
7
1
i
Iichkinnahis.
Small.
(Perhaps
also L y ~ ~ ~ 'L~'heg terminal
. '
is 1
often occurs with the. meaning
of small or young, as chimmzcsis, a young bear.)
I
UkX.etsukse?nhuk? What do you
want ? (i.e. What pay do you
ask for work done ? The uk is
probably the same as okkuk.)
Uktsdklis. T h e farm a t Alherni
(low land full of slues).
[Tnnah-his. Small. (Comp. CTchkinnuhis.)
1
[Tnnnlr-sa-tis. A few.
j
Unnaylha%. How long ? (Of space, 1
not time. hTnnalt hlaA-hlult- I
Aalr ? How rnarlj- /rlhoh-lrlolt- '1
has does i t measure ?j
litna~topuis. Thin (of a board or
1
paper, not of a man).
I
%
'1.
* Wah-oh.
A bulbcus root eaten
by the Indians.
* Wah-uk. Modest (of a woman).
Qksh-itl. To throw away, to do
away with.
Wow. T o speak. (Oftenest used
in the doubled form, Waw-waw.)
Cl kw-hah-atlsoo ! Good speed ! (A
mode of farewell.)
Wuw-hasl-kook ! Do not stumble !
(A mode of farewell t
senger.)
ZVato-it. A frog.
W'Qzo-kaslt. An old form
*
Untaqt-soolhis. Narrow.
C'pan-oolh. A boundary, dividiug
line.
Up-hi. Giving much, generous.
Upit-saska. The top of the
head.
Up-koolh. Bold, immodest (of' a
woman).
L$-kyh. Top of a mountain.
U p - The back.
Upstutchinnik. To meet (of persons walking in opposite directions).
Ut-si-mixem. Eyelashes.
19-sin. Backbone.
Uttulh. Black.
[ittaw. Thick.
t
N/ght. (Cornp. Uttalh.
black.)
3
-
*
tion, still usccl by the old rnc.11,
and mentioned as it very usu;tl
word by Cook and Jewitt.
W-awkneh. Land otter.
Wuwkoahs. An Indian party or
entertainment.
Waw-waw:T o speak. (Comp. fikw .)
Waw-waw-ehr-kook. Turnips.
Wuw-waw-tsukka.
T o cough.
Waw-zoaw-tlookwuzo. T o bark.
Waw-win. A mode of hunting
deer, in which the animals are
alarmed by the shouts of concealed hunters.
In both these words the ah is sounded Likc thc
.(
in ' mama.'
Wky-ay-chitl. A word used by Why-pak ? Which ? (Of things,
not persons.)
a friend when ,he pays tt
visit after a long period of
Wik-ah or Wik-a-mah. Kot I.
W'i'k-ahs. Without cargo ( o f a
absence.
.Wag-ich; T o sleep.
canoe).
Wik-a-ywk-stootl. Mad, frantic.
Wayts-hook. Cautiously forward
(of a canoe).
Wli'k-~-~uktl.An idiot.
Wee-ahktl. To curse. (Perhaps FVik-kaps. Deaf.
connected wit.h W'--.uk.)
1 Wik-koos. To run away, to leave,
t o desert.W>el-hus-sem. A small vabcineous
.W'i'k-koulh. Invisible (either by
berry.
the nature of a thing, as the
~'mna. Attack, attitude of attack,
wind, or by its being out of
to attack, to .assault. (Perhay s
connected with E2-uk.).
.
sight).
FFeenapeh. To stay, stop, abide, Wik-lit. No.
remain.
FEL'klit-ma. Kot he, he is not, it is
not, there is not.
CVeenapilh. A bcing :it home in
bEk-luk-ditl.
To be weak under
the house. (Perhaps any staying or abidi~lg.)
a burden.
Weenaput. To live (i.e. abidefipon ' H-ik-inah-ektlah. To fast.
the eart.h,-not die).
W'i'k-nit. A wilderness (i.e. a lanct
JVeet-shzck-kilznik. Tp keep on
without berries or animals or'
working day after clay. (Comp.
t f e cllase).
Yoosh.rrkkinnik.)
Wik-00. Bad.
W2Z-uk. Weak, not strol~g.
H-ik-seh. Wind.
WIke-zcis-uktl. Thirsty.
k - I . To drive away, to tulbli
FVEht. The brain.
.
out of the house or f'rom the
FtT'l-hah-iktl. To go home. (Also
door.
Wclshetl )
FFik-simtl. - 'A window @.e. :I Irol{'
Nklshetl. T o go home.
for t.lie same w i t l ~ o af'ramc or
FVelshatlche! Go home!
glass).
W%lsohktl. Cunning.
M7ik-sin-o-utl. - Empty.
WZ-oonz Un forgivina,
.., implacable.
W?k-tsa-koolh. Inat ten tive.
(From iTe:uk.)
.
,
FVik-.rtttonzar(L. I d o not ulldersti~t~d.
TVG-uk. Angry, stern (pourtraycd
( Wik-lit kumotolr~uh.)
in the couritena~~ce,but not
Win-'ns. Steady (of s canoe).
expressed i n words).
i s h k s . Cruel, unkind.
U l i = u k - d . 9 medicine or cha6h Wis/~ksuklZstut. Violent, ill-dis(each Indian having one pecuposed.
liar to himself) Imaking inWish-uktl. T o punish.
vulnerable.
R'ish-wish-ulh. .Blue blankets.
We-uktl. -To look for, search after. , Wis-mah. Blacking.
kc-ho-ctlt-tik. Able.-(Im-full,unable.) ' CITit-shifl., T o 11od the 11cad.
-
+
A
Woc
Ya.
Ya,
Ya.
Ya
Woo-wit-taper. T o watch a t night
(against surprise by enemies).
Woyuktl. T o think.
Wun-nayk. The throat (also Atsay-k uts).
Wush-ahkl-nook. Uni terl.
Wush-shuk. Spoilt, worn out.
V7us-neh. To delay, to loiter.
Wus-neh-mah. A word expressing
disinclination to work.
Wusseh ? . Where ?
Wusseh-huk ? Where are you ?
Yahk. Long.
Yahk-appeh. Very long, longest.
Yahk-pe-kuksel. A beard.
Yahk-pus. A proper name (meaning beard man).
Yahk-yahwha. A fan, or to fan.
Yah-mak., The sallal-berry.
lru'rch-nak. S l i ~ h t l j . sick. (The
soul not migrated to Cllayher,
. as it does in-serious sickness.)
paah-toop. A whale, or some other
large fish.
Ikh-uk. Pain. .
Yah-uk-sem. A face-pimple.
kkh-zdf& (JTah-ulhecoensfck hozuwill4 are the wortls in whicb
the messengers of' a cliief invite
'
guests .to any entertainmenta
given by him.)
Jkk-ka-win-mit: . Staying - a long
time, not recent, ;applied to old
people' and to all other things.
ITatchuh. Dog-fish.
J'iztsetsos. A ladder (i.e. walkingstand or stepping-stand). .
kktsnzoos. To walk on tllc scashore.
.
'
,
,-
b
(This exhibits the fact that
huk, with the meaning of
' thou' or 'you,' is riot a mere
verbal termination.)
Wussemtnk ? Where do you come
from ? .,
GVus-sokshitl. To cougll slightly.
Wu-wuipuk. Lazy. (The wzc-wu
is the repeated negative of one
repeatedly refusing to work, or
imiplies the continued condition
of;not working.)
I'atsook. T o _walk. . .
Yatspannich. ,To walk out to look
about.
, Yatsquis?zcs. To slip.
Ehts-quiiup. To stamp upon wit11
the feet.
Z'ay-yay-chim. The largest sort of'
whale.
Yag-yo?/-:en. Supplicatory (i.e.
the yielding, confes.sioll, and
entreaty of a person accused.
The Indian connects the word
with the idea of a craven '
spirit.)
g some.
17elh. A word d e n o t i ~ ~(in
a b
way) distance. ( ~ ~ i gelh
syyali, very far a w ~ y . )
12s-sty. " T o open (as of a br)ok).
fitlch. Thcre, out there (i.e. sonic\\-hero out of sight).
Yetseh-9etsult. To kick fsecjuently.
17ets.eh-yetsokleh . T l ~ screw-stea
e
1nc.r
(i.e. t h continual
~
kicker).
~ ~ e k h i t lTo
. kick.
ITooclt-kahta. Yoin tcd.
I 'bok-swe-e-koolh. A kvcl.; fc\.crisll.
.
.
.
-958
THE TAHKAHT L.\SGV.IGE.
*
Y o o - p a - h o w . A promontory.
E'oo-quayh-soh. Youngest member
of' a family or household.
hosicuk-CniR. To leave work uncompleted.
,
Yoo-mha. Steam. .
Yoo-whir. Light ( i . not
~ heavy).
Fuk-ka.yik. A broom.
Yuk-shitl. To sweep, to fan.
Ekk-yeh-wha. To shake.
*
Zuh-wha. A wheel.
Zok-tcicis. Acarb.
,
I
Zok-tik-ke. A paddle-wheel
steamer.
-
'l'c
At
AAt
A
A
A
-
Tc
T<
A
A
A
Tc
.
TC
A
A
A
A
A.
A
A
ENGLISH-TAHKAHT.
'l'o abide. WeenB-peh.
1 Ancestor. Ay-chuk-asill.
Able. Whoahtik.
And,, Lyh.
Above. Hinnas:
An angle. Amenoquilll.
Above (of relativc position). Hils- Angry ( o f an anger sllown in tlrc
peh, Hin-nas-setsos.
countenance, and not expressed
1
Abreast. Mil-chinnius.
in words). FZ-uk. (Of a
wordy anger, fsitsctjz,tsitsanka.i
An abyss. Tootsopstah.
The ankle. Eys-she.
Acid. Quagktlah.
To add to. fifowah-ishinnik-szcp.
An anklet. Klik-hlenastin~.
Ta admonish. Huh-llr~ii-~ah.
; Another. h'lah-oh.
Admonition. IIah-lio h-pa h.
Another instead. Klah-oh-appi:
Adrift. Ky-pan-chitl.
.
I Antlers. Malrlh.
1 A n apron. Klaytsmitsim.
Advice.. Hah-hoh-pah.
The arm. Kah-yupta.
To advise. Hah-hoh-pah.
Armpit. Ah-ahp-soonilh.
To alight. Mutsutl (of a bird).
Around. In-nits.
Alighted (of a bird). Mut-tis.
An arrow. Tsay-hatte.
All. Choochk,Ishook.
Ashes. Klintimrnis:
Aloft. Hinnus.
Alone. Tsow-mau-chinnik. ( Tsow- T o assemble. Hishim-yohp, Hish him-hus-sup.
wauk, one.)
Alone in a house. Tsow-wauklahs. To assist. Hoop-peh.
Alone in the midst. AToop-kamilh- Astonished. Chah-hat-shitl.
stas. ( I think not of persons.) To attack. Weenn.
dttentiae. *%ah-ah-tah.
Always. Ay-en-tuk.
i
I
60
-
THE TAHKAHT I,..~SGI;AGE.
To awaken (Trans.) KZi~timuks?titl,
Klohksahp, Ch'uksllitl.
An axe. His-si9ik.
T o attract. Queeszups?tilh.
An aunt. ~Vuh-nayxoh.
T o be awake. h'limmukkah.
T o b'abble. Tsdka-tszka.
To become. Quistohpshitl.
A baby. iV5-?/uk-uk.
1 Bed and bedstead. Chimrnilh.
T h e back. Up-pi.
Before (i.e. in front of). ' A7utsoh.
I
Backbone. Utsin.
I T o beg.
A'wh-nash.
A back-water. Honah-men-chit!.
/ T o begin. 00-wny-up.
Bad. I'ishuk, Npuo. .
A bell. Tirnrnelsoo.
Bad weather, Vik-hem-ha.
T h e belly. Tahtsche.
Bait (foE fishing). 2'eel?~-hal~.
Below (of a ship). Te-at-too.
Balanced. 2lIaylh nppelt.
1 Below (of position). Hee-tulr-pslBald-licaded. Askelk. \Vitllout hair
hrcs.
a
on the body, &kit.
A' bald 1 To bemoan. Tzctfayi?t.
country ( i . ~ .bare of trees and ' T o bepd. Klinnikshitl.
shrubs), Askoolh.
Rent. Klirniku.
Bank, of a river. Tsrrs-noolh.
Berries. Hkcheempt.
A barbarian (i.e. one riot under- 1
Blackberry. A7alh-komzcih.
standing the Tahkaht sl~euch).
Black-currant. liys.-shitl.
I
Crab-apple. Tseetsahktl.
Owsuypah t.
Bare. Ask~rmilh.
/ Gooseberi-y. Him-mik-kahoo.
T o bargnin. Jltck-qzcinnik.
1
Huckle-berry. His-sin.
Barli of a tree. Tookumis.
I
Sallal-berry (GauTtlleri;~Shalloil).
i
T o bark. I;Yazc.-zcaw-tlookdah.
Yah-mah.
I Salmon-berry
T h e base or under side of' an objvct.
(Rubus). Kow-wilt .
Hittalrktlec. (Connectctl wit11
-Stsawberry. KfcIkin-ta-peltr.
Bytoktl, and contrastcil with
A very small vaccineous hcrry
Tahk-sa-te, the head, and ta?igrowing in damp places.
koktl.)
1
WIkelhussem.
, j
A berry of n raccineous everA l a r g e basket. Kuh-oots.
A bat. Mah-pees.
gre$n growing on rocks.
T o bathe. Hattees.
Sinnantoox~/ets.
Baulked. Cha76-hatshitl.
I
Oregon grape (Berberry). KuA bear. Chimmus, :llodsmahuk.
I
120-isht-Rook.
A bear-skin. Mootsmuhuk.
i Thimble-berry (Rubos). Hoop- I\
A beard. YahA-pe-kuksel.
ahlh.
Beast. Sushtoop.
1 To beseech. Klah-quay.
T o beat with a stick. 1Iee-seesah. ' lfe: t. h'loo-kloot?tZ-rt~~~~el~
To beckon. Koot-Rootcrh.
-lie~tcl*. A-loothl-~cun)ri~it.
I
/
/
I
)
/
I.
i
."$.
11 -'
<%?
It'
'"r;
<.; :*i
. .,
t
P;
4
I.i
1.
I
1
61
ESCrl.TSII -TAF1 K.iF-{T.
Between (~ajectival). Ahp-unnuk. A boundary. Setchnlc-mi..
Between decks. Te-at-too.
A bow. illoostatee.
Beware ! h k a h ! - ( A d v . )
T o bow. Hgtshitl.
Big. Ayhr, ehr.
A box. Klah-hix.
A billow. Tsa-ool-hah.
A boy. Tak-2zis.
To bind round. Mutl-shitl.
11 bracelet. h'lik-klenrrsm.
To bind together. Mutlal-sah.
The brain. @'?lit.
A bird. M-ci-met-eh.
Brake-fern root (an artisle of food).
Biscuit. Hokidskook.
Sheetlah.
To bite. illah-cheetl.
Branches. Kathlahsirn.
Bitter. Much-pelso-kimhl.
Branches knotted together to show
Black. Toop-kook, ~ t t d h GTttalh.
,
a trail. Atl-kjh.
Blacking. Wis-mah.
Brave. Ehr-sooktl.
Blankets. ~ l e e t s i c -o ~
To break a stick. Qrioy-?ip.
Black blanlrcts. Toop-kt&.
To break a string or rope. Ash-sup.
Blue blankets. Wish-wish-uIh.
To breathe. Henh-heah-huh.
Green blankets. E?y-jy~h-~uilh.
A brick. Nashkinnik.
IVhi te blankets. KZeeselh.
A -bridge. Hloh-pilh.
A blaze (i.e. a mark on a tree to To bring. Sooquitl.
To bring back.
zn-.nay-pup.
show a trail). Hispick.
To bleed (Intratis.) Hissooah- T p bring forth child. Tennanaksh itl.
soolh, Hip-her-salit-chitl.
A broom. /uk-hag-ik.
A blemish. TooZh-loop-us.
A mttnyabother. Eyk, Kathlahtik,
To bless. 00-ttktl. ,
wl!ill probably means peer or
Blind. Jft~k-koolh.
e,4juzl.
Blisters. Chnli k-cha h kl-nook.
Elddt
brother. ~Vnhmayxhoh.
Blood. His-samis.
Bloodyy covered with blood. His- ~ k b n dbrother. Oowhalrtsoh.
Youngest brother. I.'bog~ra~ksoh.
soollt.
A blot Toolh-toop-us.
, 'IA woman's brother. Iluchimsuksah.
To blow with the mouth. Hoo-sattoh. A bruise. Kin?zifsmis.
Brute. Sush-toop.
Blue. Kistokkuk.
Side-boards of an Indian house. Bucket, of Indian make. Chak-hots.
To burdep, to lay a burden onC'heetamah, Cheetztk.
another. Hin-nah-poop.
Boastful. Ha-han-noo-yik.
.A boat. Che-chah-mull-p,yik.
- A lou tterfly. JIy-yeh.
A button. Olhpuksoo&
To boil (Intrans.) Tsup-qzcaw.
A button-hole. Cheetswih.
Bold. Koquazcdsa th ly .
A buttress. Tah-tcs.
A bone. Hummootisque.
To buy. bluk-kook.
To borrow. Ah-kootlah.
To buzz. Tseeskah.
The bosom. Am-mus-shulth.
By-and-bye.
Aytl-ehauna, TahA bottle. 1Fish-Kook.
hap-e-chaunu.
Bound. Mutl-yu.
a/X/
1.
I
).
.*
a-.
.....r'.-.
;!
!.
Yr
d
,*.
)1'"
$-I
t;~
-$
k
k
A crc
CrossCrossA crc
A crd
Crow*
.
$
g.,
.$
L
't.f
:C
3;
.i
.f;
\fs
.
Q
7
.
3
f.
To clear away. Kayeep.
Calm weatlar. 0hYuk.
Closed. Jlooslre-us.
Canoe. Cha-puls.
Clouds.
Kleechooamis, Oochkamis.
The sn~allestsort of canoe. Hershirt.
Canoe with men in it. Cha~ook. Coal. Too-~nees.
A canoe race. h'leets-klah-soop- Cod-fish. Tooslt-ko-a.
Cold (of personal sensation). Cheelatahl.
shill. (Of weather, Mathlook.)
- A cannon. Tsit-tsit-pus. Cape, of Indian mi~nufacture. Klee- A collection. Hishimilh.
To consider. Tah-tah-put-hi.
teenek.
A comb. Such-Eahs.
To carry.' En-neesa, Mow-wait.
T o carry to. 1710wak~sAinnik-sup. To come. EnachitZ,, Histokshitl.
Come ! Chookwah ! Quazot-Zik !
A cart. Zok-taus.
'I'o comfort. Ehr-sook-toop.
To catch. Soop-pelt.
To corninand. Tsik-kaytal~.
To catch sight of. A7utsolt.
Common people (i.e. not chiefs)
To cater. Hay-nim-soo.
J l u sch im
Cautious. Kooquah.
Central, in the centre. ~ h ~ - e e i s o o ,Complete. Tahlc02tl.
To cmq~lete. HGW-tuay-utl.
Ahpznnuk.
'ro compute. Tah-tah-put-hi.
A chair. Quas-setsos.
<
'ro conceal. Hohpfsup.
Chalk. KZitsntis.
Concealed in the hand. TahquinT o change. Huh-oh-quitl-chitl.
n ik.
To change into. Quistohpshitl.
To change the heart. Quis-hay- A concourse. Hishimiih.
To confess. Hlah-quag.
chit1 (from Quispnh).
Confluence of two rivers. AtlaTo change quarters. Sltaytlook.
newk-tsu-uk.
A chasm. Tootsopstah.
*
To chatter. Tsgka-tszka.
To cons.01e. Ehr-sook-toop. '
Cheeks. Ah-liummus.
Convalescent. Teech.
A chink. Kittle-971.
A copy. &h-choolh.
Cholera. Tseel-hah.
A cork. Ohkskapern.
To choose. Oh-huk-quitlah.
A corner. Amenoquilh.
The church. Sunday-Ro-ilh.
A corpse. h7/ah-Elinch-hy-chitl.Circlet of stuff round the head. Correct. Tahkoktl.
Mahtleetsin.
T o cough. Waw-waw-hukka.
Circular. Nootimillt .
T o cough slightly. Wus-sokshitl.
Circumferential. Minnihstas.
A counsellor. Klah-shooa.
To claw. 217ikshitl.
Country. Nismah. Claws. Chulcha.
To cover. Hok-queecltis.
Clean (of things). REoothlalh. (Of T o cover with a cloth. Kleetseflpersons, Kloo-Rlootblalh.)
chis.
Cradl
A cra
The c
A cra
Crank
Crook
The c
>.:
+
b
3 6
,-
'$2
+p
-#
t:
.-,
3
.-
11.
4
f,
;.
To da
Worn
'Dark.
The c
Day,.
Day
<
'Day-1
Day-r
Dead.
Deaf.
Deca,
To de
Deep.
Deep-
A dee
To de
To de
Desce
To de
Devir
Cradle. Ny-yuk-putto.
Cruel. Wishiksuktl.
A crack. k i t t l e - p .
To crush.
Tselh-quup or TeelhThe cramp. Klathlah-enkailtoo.
poy-up. (Comp. Quoy-up.)
A crane. An-noos.
To cry, to weep. A?/-ha-ik.
Crank (of a canoe). Tsoot-sah.
To make to cry. Cha~k-kuk.
Crooked. Klinnika.
The crying of a child. E-yn-nut.
The cross on the c&rch. Hintmit- Cunning. Ah-en-sooli't, Welsollktl.
kyh (from Himmittah-pch To cure. Huh-ham-kook.
kokkyh, crooked house-staff.)
Curly-haired (of msn or beast).
A cross-bar. Him-mit-tah-peh.
Atltohmilh.
Cross-piece of a paddle. oh-%ookern. To curse. Wee-ahktl.
Cross-stick of a canoe. Tah-pim.
To cut down. Ooh-sup.
T o cut off. Cha-tay-up.
A crow. qy-en.
A crdwd. Hisliimilh.
Cuttle-fish. Tel-koop.
Crown of the head. Upit-saska.
,
,
To dance. Ooyalh.
Woman's dance. Chees-cheesa. P
Dark. Toh-muktl.
d
The dawn. Kleeshitl.
Day. Nus.
Day after to-morrow.
Klah-ohquilh.
Day before yesterday. Klakohquid-ooye.
f
'Day-light. ATas-shitl.
Day -spring. Nas-shitl.
Dead. Huh-huk, Kalt-hukkit.
Deaf. Wi-kaps, Oh-poolh.
Decayed. palat-huh.
To deceive. Tsus-paw-up.
Deep. Huch-che.
Deep-laden (of ship or boat). Neeuktl.
A deer. ~ h t o o r h ,~ o o u c h : .
To delay. f i s n e h .
To deliberate. Tah-tah-pqd-hi.
Descendants. Tautneetsin.
To desert. Wik-koos. .
Devious. Quawtop~k.
To die. Ka-a-shitl.
To dig. Tsoos-tsoosa.
T o diminish. Kutsquy-up, Hy-yusa-ty-up
T o direct upon the way. Hisseehim.
Dirt. Much-kulh.
Dirty. Much-koolh.
Ta discuss angrily. Neetlak.
T o be disgusted. Tsitsisha. .
To 'disrobe or undress another.
HannahTtoop.
T o divide. Choo-uttoh.
Divided. Elh-whus.
A dividing line. Up-an-oolh.
To do away with. Wash-itl.
T o doctor the sick.'- Klah-chittuhl.
A dog. En-nitl.
Dog-fish. Yatcha.
A door. Mooshusse~n.
A door-way. T?L.F~-she.
Douglas pine. Ootsmupt.
Down, of feathers. Pohkleetum.
,
.
.
.
'
*.
.,
64
TIIE TAHKAHT I,ASGZTAGE.
Dry.
Klooshah, Klooshoot.
Dry salmon. Klooshist.
A black duck. KO#-]LOO.
Duck (mallard). ATahtuch.
Dust. . Puhl;h-chik.
A ,dwelling. Illahte, Muhs.
Dysentery. Hys-wuktleh.
Downhill. Ee-tnht-us
A dream. Pooh-pootsah.
To drink. ,!~t~Eshitl.
T o drive. Tsus-sis .
T o drive. away. ?Vzk-sim.
Drooping. Hohts-ltohlsh.
A drop. Tsit-Loo-wiltah.
To. be drowned. lIulh-?nug-halt.
Feve.
A fe
T o fi
T o fi
A fi!
Fine
Fing
Fc
Se
T
Eagle, white-headed.. Arnewauts. i
Eigle, the same, before the head has /
become white. Tsili-hoh-tin. :
iI
The car Puh-pa!/.
Ear-pendan t. Eeliinnkoom.
i
T h e east wind.
I'r~oclte~. (Of I
course Indiana cio not name, /
their winds from the points of I
the compass, but from some
other propel-tics, as in our seabreczc, trade wind, k c . )
II
T o c a t . lfal&-ook.
Ecl~o. ATag-ye-ee.
An eddy: IIooah-men-chitl.
An egg. A-00-cliuk.
,
The elbow. Qua~ctlqz~uch.
1
Eminent. Tsoz~-zcntc:~eh.
I
Emptly. FP~ksi?a-o-utl.
'
I
.
A n end. Hit-tay-a-trth.
Enemy. Mahptullt.
An entertainlnent for making gift?.
~l'oosl~-itl.
Entire. TahEoEtl. 9
Equal. Ah-atl-soovait.
T o eec:tpe. Klat-chnh-ut.
T o escape the memory.. Ei-.yaltX.shitl.
Espoused. A7100ch-hah.
T o extinguish. ' Clzoo-pay-uppalt.
E v e n i i ~ g . Toop-shztl.
T o exchange. fIah-ooye.
An extremity. Ifit-tag-a-tali. .
Eyebrows: rlh-eh-chr?.
t.
Eye-lashes. 7Ttsinzixem.
The eyes. . Kusseh."
F.
i
/,
,
I
'
,
Fisl:
,
Fisk
7
T h e face. Hinnoolh.
Very far away. Syah yelh syah.
T o fall. Ohshitl.
T o fast. WiXma kktlah.
To fall in wrestling. Tagpitl.
To fasten a dress by tying. MamukT o let fallu~~intrntionnll~.
. Taytosah. I
shitl.
Falling-star. Tattoos-ah-ah-ioh.
A father. AToowayxoh.
False. I?j/toX.tl.
Feathers. ?''-pa lh.
A fan. Fahk-yahwlra.
i Feather-dawn.
Poh-kleetunz; . .
A fancy. Kulh-Cahm- mwt- fop.
Wing-feathers. Ei-j+,nU.
',
F a r away. Sp-yah.
To feel. ATah-uktl. .
. .
'
Fin;
Afi
Fire
To,
Mali
Fire
Firr
Fisk
Fist
1
Fiv
AI
Fla
Fla
Fle.
Af
Flc
Flc
7
L
65
ESCT.TSFI-TAT1K.iIIT.
-
Feverish. Ilook-swee-koolh.
A few. Unnoh-sa-tis.
To fight with f i t s . Tsokstelh.
To fight with a knife. Tsots-howa.
A file. . Teenah.
Fine weather. Ohkumllta.
FingersFore-finger. Koltp-e-ill..
Second finger. Tutti-its-Eooqulrm.
Third finger. Oowahtsoh (i.e.
second brother, it being
second in length).
Little finger. Kulkah.
Finger-ring. Tseetsik-tah-sirn.
To finish.
How-way-utl, 00ul-tlay.
Finished. Ay-ut l.
A fir-cone. Sattoo.
Fire. Innik.
To make a fire. 112-nik-quilh.
Make the fire ! In-niR-yuil-clte !
Fire-wood. Inniks-yeh.
Firm, firmly; knit. h'lilh -mah.
Fish. Telh-toop.
Fish-hook, large and made of iron.
Cheets-yik.
Fish-hook,'small and made of iron.
h%et-yik.
Fish-hook, made of wood, with a
bone barb. Chimmia~.
T o fit together. (Trans.) Quit-
.
te-?/u
Five. Sootcha.
A flag-atn ff. Klah-ws.
Flame. Tqtsk-sltitl.
Plat groupd. Jl ilhus.
Flesh.' Sisliummis.
A flood. Tsohpshitl.
Flood-tide. Moolshiti.
Flooring, a floor. h2oothliZh.
Flour. A71zk-klitskook.
Flowing tide. Moolshitl.
To fly. ikfut-slzitl.
To fly downwards. Mut-ah-ah-toh.
To fly dp\vnrcls. fi11ttamisinkl.
Foam. Potsmis.
Foliage. hFZakkupt.
Food. IIah-oom.
F w d put on board for a voyage.
Kook.
A foot. KZah-1:lalt-tim, Kleeshklin.
Foot of a mountain. Me-~nilhus.
Forbidding (of the countenance).
We-uk.
A fore~announcer. Ifin-nalt-a-wah- ktrk.
The fbrehcad. Im-mich-sahta.
To forget. h'lo-a-tlrctl.
A fork. Kah-chuk.
Fork of a river. Atta-neu:k-tsu-uk.
Forked, two-branched. Atla-newk.
Form. Oonnlt-cltit.
To commit hrnication (of a man).
Klooch- Aunh.
To commit fornication (of a woman j.
liliZay-ohts-unkl.
Found. Xah-clzo-ilh.
Four. illooh.
A fowl. Ah-ah-he.
Frantic. ?;ik-a-yukstootl.
A friend. ~owajbtin.
A frog. W ~ W - i t .
I n front of s person. h74ts-oh.
Froth. Potsmb.
A frying-pan. Sik-kalb-ilk.
A fugitive. Hus-chitl.
Full. Tseurna.
The further side. Qrrispah.
A future thing. Klahr-ntillt-ttkshill.
t
7
y /
.,
-
To gamble. An-rtah-ah.
A gangway. Tus-she.
J
The gaol. Mutlilhoowilh.
-A garden. A-ZootAla hs.
To gather togetller. h i m - o h .
To gather fruits of sowing. Toquis-tw.-sup.
Geese. Hoxena.
A generation. Hah-ohks-acheel.
Gentle. KZen-nak.
A gift received at a Noosh-itl.
~l~ooshookt.
Gills of a fish. Tow-yuos.
A gimlet. Tsit-hag-yuk.
To gird. Ttcp-win.
To give. i\-ala-hay, Pacheetl.
Glass. Pu,yhayxim.
To go. Ootachitl.
.
Go ! Eh-shetl-che !
To go and see. Oot-suppeh.
To go away and stop for s long
time: - Eetowcy-es.
To go before. Oowayutltah.
To go from,-side to side, to tack.
He!/k-heyk-quah.
To go home. Rklshetl, Wel-haiktl.
Go home ! tF-elshetlche.
A goal. 00-wuylh-sinthl.
God. H i n n a s - h o w - / LLe. heavenly
I
chief ).
1 Gold. Koonnh.
I Good. hF/oathl,A'looth.
1Ic has become good. Moo-yah chay-etlmah.
Good-looking. Aichk.
To grant a request. TahkuR.
1 Grass. KlaRkupt.
Water-grass. Tha-impts.'
j A grasshopper. KZek-klernahktlee.
' Grave-looking.
Ahn-nuk-koith.
To gl-ieve. (Intrans. ) h7ansooRstootl. (Trans. k'aasookstoop )
Great. Ehr, AyhrI Greatest. Eh-ehr-happelt.
iI Green. Eg-!!oh-pplk.
I To groan. Tattuiin.
: Ground. Tsa-koonruts.
I' Grouse.
Hohm.
To -grow. a - k t - c h i . (Of
1
children, Ko-i-cJaitl.)
A guardian. A2h-nayxoh.
/ A guide. Tahts-tank-soolh.
I Gum.
~Witlin.
Gam-stick. ~\%oquitsI, A gun. h70kkuw-nah-rnilh.
Gunpowder. Moofsusook.
'
/
i
/
I
I
I
i
H.
-
d.
b
?
-
(..
L
II
t
8
Ifsir upon the face. Apuaim.
The hand, the hand and arm. Quexotowaut.
guenizo.
Halibut. koo-eh.
j Handsome. Aichk.
Hammer, of Indian manufacture. I Ta hang, to hang up. Koh -pilh.
Talrk6.win.
I Hard.
KoRt-kuk.
Hammer o f ib gun. ilfook-shitd.
I Hatchet.
TayGh-Xsh.
- Half.
j
Thc
Hea
To
To
The
The
Hei,
He!
To
Her
Ak
Hi6
To
Q Hig
Hig
Hig
A 1'
I.
Ice
An
Ill-
To
Im
Im
1111
Im
Ina
Inc
Thc hither side. Iriruchispah.
A hole. Korszoih.
A hoof. Klik-klik.
Hostile. Che-chee-sook, mahptnlh.
Hot. Klohkpah.
A house. Mahte, Mahs.
I n the house. Ilh-kuhs.
Into the house. - Ma-cheelh. (Comeinto the house, Chookwah maclreelh.)
EIouse-fly. fifahts-pi??..
How much ? Oon-nnh ?
Hummit-ig-bird. Sri-silz.
urn^-backed.‘ Hee-chook-malt.
Hungry. How-wagktl.
To hunt. 00-00-el&(Trans.) Kleeklamis (Intrans.)
A husband. Chekoop. (The word
mearis also ' male,' and has therefore no moral significance.)
Thc head. Taltksute..
Head of the salmon-spear. Shn-&-tin.
To heal. (Tran's.) Huh-ham-kook.
To hear. lCTah-ah.
The heart. Hlebuxti, Lebuxti.
The heel. HoA-puktlint. ,
Heir-apparen t, chief's. eldest son.
Huh-ohk-suk.
Held in the hand. T n h p a h .
To help. Hoop-peh.
Hereafter. Aytl-chauna.
,,
A herring. Kloosmit.;
Hidden. Hohpta.
T o hide. Hohptsup.
b High. Hin-nas.
Higher. Hinnas-wunnim.
Highest. He-hinnas-sappeh.
A little below high water. AhK-shitl.
A hinge. Mooshussemayik.
To hit (i.e. not to miss). &lee-$tlkstootl.
t
,
'
1
I. Seyah.
An Indian. Avo-us.
Indian-rubber. Mitlin.
~nduatrions,hard at work. Ah-ahpuk, Ah-prrk.
To instruct: Iiinndh-yuktl.
Intermed?ate. Up-ai-oo(h.
An interpreter. Iiee-nit-hah, Ow?UP* .
To invest, to clothe another. Mooch ichoop.
Invisible. Frik-kolcl&.
I
Ice. Kooh.
An idiot. Wika-yuktl.
Ill-disposed. ?Vis/iksuktlskt.
To illumine. Nay-oytlik.
Immodest (of a woman).
Implacable. WZ-oom.
Imprisoned. flfutlilh.
Impudent. Cheetuk.
Inattentive. Wik-tsa-koolh.
Increase of population.
C
chilli.
/
K. To keep. K leet-tuk-.looh,.
A kettle. Soo-oolh.
A key. A7Zuk-kn?y-@.
To kick. Evetshill.
To kill. Ku-a-.$hit/.
1 To lipeel. A-an-nilh.
I
/
68
THE I'.\II K.\H'I'
I. ..ZSC;L-;\G E:.
A knife. Hztkkayik.
i T o know. Kurnotop. (Of sight,
To knock a t a door. Tsohksatirtltl. ' '
~Yutsoh. 1 do not know, ChehA single knot. Tarn-mook-you.
neh-mnh.)
1
1
i 1~4
\
A lad. Jfu,yctlkuts.
The lips. Eeth/oohoolh.
A ladder. Iktsetsos.
T o be living. Wtenciput.
Lame. h7eys-keysib-ab.
I A lizard. Ha-lta-ook.
T o lament aloud. Tuttagin.
1 A luaf. I'ah-pants-uktl. '
A lamp. finik-sets.
I A lock. h-Iuh-klali-pulhah.
Lard. Hirnmiks.
' T o lock (of a door). Mutl-saiip.
Large. Ayhr, Ehr.
Locked. 1CIutl-gu.
To laugh. Klcehua.
Locked-u p. ~1btliZ.h.
T o make laugh. Kleehstrclh.
/ Toloiter. Nlusneh.
Lavish. Q-hi.
' Long. Ilalkk.
Lazy. FYu-zcu-p uk
I Very l o n g longest. I'ahkappeh.
A leader. Omcay utta h, Cheets-mus. 1 Long-abiding. Yab-ka-wim-mit.
To learn. Kztn~atychea.
A long time ago.
Oh-uR-ooyc,
Leather. -4sselIk-yu k.
hvayutl.
Leaves. A-laRkupt.
Tolook. i b h - s h ~ t l .
T h e left hand, the left side. Kotsas. I Look ! Ahn-neA ! (I see, Ahaneh-mutt.)
. Leg and foot. Kieeshklin.
/
To lend.
IA)-uts-a-a-chepasim,
T o look back.
,\%hch-ko-mukAh-quil-h?/-3eh. klinhl.
To lessen. ~ ~ ~ ~ r r s - a Ruts- t ~ u ~T,o look for. ?Ye-uktl.
T o look through or along. Kay-haQu,r/-TlP.
A lid. fi~oosr'lussem.
shitl.
T o tell a lie. H.qfokstootl.
Look out! Kkcy-aktl! Hela-kah!
I h locking-glass. Pay-ha-yiA.
T o lie down. Tsit-kup-itl.
Light (i.e. not heavy). Yoo-whis.
Lost, to be lost. PUE-wel-shetl.
Light. ATah-pee, Aky-it-luk.
Low water. Tah-chah, Hah-yewT h e light fixed on the canoe for
itl.
night-fishing. Eech-ma, eechuk. / T o lower. Ooitepitup.
Like to. Oh-oh-kook.
,Lowing of cattle.
Tsokshitl.
T o limit. Setchah-min.
i Lucifer matches. Tse-ilh.
'I
1
/
Mad. Wik-a-pukstootl.
Maggots. Sidsrnzan.
To make. &fatnook.
I
Man (Generic). KO-us. (Sexual,
Chekoop.)
Bfany, a great many. Ei-yeih.
P
ESGLISIL- I' \ I I K \I1'1'.
A F a t many togetlrer.
Ey-,yel~- A lunar montli. Hoopnlh. T h e
year begins about November,
Ei-yen&- I
and .is divided into thirteen
mah.
I
lunar months :A mark made to know a tiling by. i
First month. Mah-ma9k-soh, i.e.
Kttmrnut-hok.
eldest brother.
Seals paik
Marmot. Sit-si-tehl.
in this month.
A martin. Kleekla-hy-tjeh.
I Second month, Kathlahtik, i.e.
A mask. Iiowk-5-mall.
I
brother.
A mask p r ~ ~ j r c t i nfrom
g
the fore- !
Third molitl~. I[?/-geskiknmilh.
head. 171-nik-kaytscinja.
T h e ~ n o r ~ t ldf
i high winds
A mast. A7Zoksern.
i
and most snow.
Fourtll montl~. Kahs-sit-i~~lilh.
Matting of Indian manufacture. 1
h'luy-hulh.
111 this munth the sen off the
-I
A measure. Tah-put-a@.
'Fa!) kali t coast presert
ts
/
The measure produced by stretching
muddy and dirty appeartllr arms to full width. Hlhahance.
hlhah-hah.
Fifth month.
.4y-yuk-kamilh.
A measuring-rule. Tuh-pat-ayik. I
Rlitrked hy tlie arrival of a
,
Bleat. Siskurnrnis.
1
small fist; called sea9ltrMediate. t$)an-oolh.
,
mool~.
Meek (of a person). Klennak.
Sixth month. 0otl;ulrk-knrniZh.
To rnect (of persons w a l k i ~ ~ igt 1 ,
I n t llis m o n t ! ~the geese lraavc
.
opposite direction).
L7)stuttlle rivc~r rnouths fbr t l l u
I
l;ik~'s, to brccd. T l ~ e\\.or41
chinlrik.
T o melt (Intrans.) Tohk-shill.
I
i 3 derived from ootuchitl. to
To mend. 110-urh-cheelh.
I
go, rho-ook, to migrate, ' and
I.
kn~~iillr,a t o r ~ ~ i i n asignifjrl
A microscope. Kuy-ha-pik.
Mid-day. lioop-che-ilh, Ah-poorrit.i ~ ~number,
g
: crowd, or
IlUS.
flock.
'
S e v c ~ l t l i n ~ o l l t l ~Oh-okk-kmillt.
.
Mid-night. A I L - p m n - u t t ~ h .
. rl 1o migrate (of tribes atld ihmilies).
I n this njor~tll tile strange
gcese from a distance fly
Shaytlook.
over
a t a great height or)
T o migrate (of' birds). 90-ook.
tlleir w ; ~ yto the 1:ikcs. Tllc
Mild (of x person). K/ennuk.
worcl derived from oo-ooR
Milk. Iat?~imah.
Mini.. S q a s , Seyessah.
and Rarnilh.
A miuk. Chastomit.
Eiglrtll month. Tul-lilud-kuarilh.
13efore tllc rnd of this month
T o miss the way. l i y - p e ~ ~ t - ~ n ~ ~ s .
To mock. .I-c~cc~N~.
t]ttb salnlorl-1bc1-I.? l,e$ins to
r;pct~,;i11d a >111;1ll .lbl.(bst bird
BIodest (of ;I w u r ~ l a).i ~ ll>h-uR.
('rhc a h ~)L'OIIOUIICC(Ililie n irr
kllown tibr its wl~isfli~ig
110t.c
mama.)
I
lras a~.ri\.cd
chinnik.
There are a great many.
I
I
I
I
l
69
I
i
.I
TI
.*
.I
I
-4
J
I
1
1
4
bl!
..
-2
' !.
J
*C
q*
P
2
,
4,
j
-t
f
i
a
Y
Ninth month.
Kow-wishimillt.
So named from kow-zoih, the
salmon-berry, and hisltintilh
-== ishinnikamil/t =kamilh, a
quantity, collection, or numbcr.
Tenth month. As-sit-sis.
So
named from the wasp, as-sits,
which in this month builds
its nest.
Eleventh mon tll. Setsoopss. So
called from setsoop, a species
of salmon.
Twelfth montlr. Enako-usirnillt.
From enako-us, a kind of
salmon, and irnilhf= ka~nilh.
Thirteenth month.
Ckeeiyahkn~rtilh. From chee-ynh, to
rip or split, this being the
great time fbr splitting and
dry ing salmon.
A nail. h'lah-yuk-t~ruh.
Nails of tl:e finger. C/tuTc/trt.
Naked. Hannah.
A name. Am-mit-tell.
T o name. dmmitt,yee.
T o narrate. Ayk-huk.
Narrow. CTnnaytsooZhis.
Anephew. hpaR-altts.
T h e nettle. A,y-is, Aplh-mukt.
News- Ooyakkamis.
T o bring news. Oophkanuk.
To go for news. Ooyakkameetl.
To relatc news. Oo!/akkahs.
Next door. Ishi14nik-qtitcht.
Xight. t7.-tph.
Only the older men, and that
with bonsigerable thougl~
t
and care, are able to cnumerate tlrcse months cor*ct.ly.
They say that two of t h e
moons, .pis , Kathlohtik and
h70w-zozshimilh,do not travel
like the rest, but delay for
two or tl~reedays.
M o r n i n g KO-ullt.
BIoaqui toes. Tensukmis.
Mother. Oornayxoh.
A mountain. Ar!)ochee.
'l'he side of a mountain. Hinnnytlah.
. Top of a nrountain. Up-kt~lh.
Bluffled up. Kleetsimil/t.
A multi tude. IIishit~iZh.
s
. KloocRim.
Illuss21-sbdl. Kloochtsqrte.
I
1
. Ianirnah.
I Ps'ipple (or a gun).
Puhpap (i.e.
the
car).
I
'I No.
TTli'klit.
' T o nod. Wit-shitl.
A noise. Teetskutl.
The nose. A'ectsah.
n'ostril. KO-uk-k tall-tim.
Not.
Wik-Zzt. Xot I, Wikall.
Not he, Wiklitnzah.
Tkcrc is not, he is not, it is iiot.
Viklitntc~.
TO notice. .A\htsoh.
i NOW. hTlah-hoztye.
A number. @shi/ttiZh.
I
I
ij
r'
I
.
71
XSGT,lSH-'l'.4 IlKAHI:.
-.
-
,
1
.
I*
c.
.
, .
0.
..
C
Oak-wood. Tsa-ernupt.
To oppress.
Chahk-ma&tah,
T o obey. Eve-at/-soo, 00-ee-ilh. .
Chahk- yus-sup.
(Neitlicr of these words very To make an oration. Tseek-mil/,- .
certain.)
hwppeh.
An octave, or perhaps any other To order. Tsili'-kaytah.
interval in music. Kay-kuyTo orna.ment. Klookloothlsik.
- yes-soo.
. The other side. Quispalt.
Old (i.e. worn-out, of things). Ik- Otter. ' FVaukneh.
(Sea-otter,
moot..
. Quawt-Z~tk.)
Ours. Seewahs.
,An old man or woman. A y h i m .
One. Tsow-waz~k,Akop.
An overflow. Tsohpshitk.
Open. Koo-wus.
Overhanging (of a rock). K l i ~ t - .
T o open. ' Keo-~cih-tzcppa.
hut-svtppoh.
Overtopping. Tsozo-wazcpeh.
T o open a book. Yes-sup.
To open the eyes. A-trpk-shitl.
An owl. Toksohqtti92.
#-I
-.
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,
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f
.
.
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1. !
q
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1,t:;
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.' li
tt
P.
P.
$
. (5
To paddle. Klay-huk, h'lay-k~k- Pincers. . Klulr-mitl. '
kwh.
T o pinch. Kufshitl.
Pine-tree (some kind of). h7u kkaPain. . I'ah-otk. .
The palate. Kut-che-inz.
I
mupt.
i
A
pipe.
. Q?&-scts.
Palis;ides. h'iakkitr~i.lh.
A panther. ~ ' ~ - ~ u d e n .
1 A pit. A-orszuili.
Paper. lieitspiti.
1 Pitch-stick. xooyuits.
Parallel. Tahk-ny-us.
- A pledge: logo-mis-shtl.
'I.0 plough.
~hiwimees.
Partridge. Ho-ik.
T o pass by.He-tup-paB-us.(Intrans.) I T o plunder. liupshitl.
T o point w i t h the .finger.- h'ohpA path. Tus-she.
shill.
A pattern. Null-c/wollt..
Pointed. Queeahla, E'boclk-kahta.
A peer. Kuthlahtik.
A canoelpole. Tah-ma.
Peas. iI2nehktook.
T o pole a canoe. Tahil-ty-yah.
Percussion-cap. Ho-ha-am.
T o ponder. TuR-tah-put-hi.
A pigeon. il'ao-noochee.
Poor. Huh -k ~ o - ZIt
~ .a
A pile-diiver. h'lah-sartnup.
Population. Jlahte, iwahs.
A pilot. Kummeets.
A p o ~ r at.i h70q?catrtseZh.
A pimple. Yah-uk-sem.,
Postrri ty. ~uoctnretsir.
A in. Kokktcm-!/nkklnsstlrrc.
i Potato.
Kox-toits.
Indian pin. Kotsik-peotn.
'
.+
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.
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i
'I'IIE TAHKAHT Z,.i,\IG C'.-lC;E,
To prop. Chahkah.
T o pour in to. Tseetsootup.
Proper. TahEoktZ.
T o practise. Tah-tah-put-hi.
A prophet. ,\-ah-shalh.
T o praise. Pa-yh-e-yk.
T o pray.
Tsitsikkinnik, Queel-' Proud. OoshooZh, K o y u a d s a t h i y .
Public. Quah-hums.
queel-huh.
'ro puff. Hoo-sattoh.
T o preach. Ayk-huk.
To pull. Cheechitl.
To precede. Ooway?~ttah.
Pull ! Che-che !
T o prepare. Tuh-tah-put-hi.
T h e present generation. KZah-Auk- T o pull out the hair of the chin.
Ah fl-ntlci-mal?/xhooZ.
aik.
Presently. Oopeh. '
To p1111up by t h e roots. CheeqztisT o preserve. meet-tzrk-tcah.
trts-sup.
T o press, to press down. Chahk- T l ~ epulse, Hlit-mn9ktl.
To puni311. CRnyk-Auk, Wi'sh-tiktl
cAahkah.
(this word I think implies
T o prick. Ku-kin-Rutl.
A promontory. Ibo-pa-lzotsr.
cruelty).
A prop. -Tub-us.
Purple. Kia9houk
' A quantity.
T o quarrel.
~iihimillt.
I\-eetlnk.
I
'
.Quickly, be quick ! Ay-ayhr-she.
To quiver. Ke-keesh-hah.
R.
Rain.
~lfcetlafl.
Small-rain. Kaytsah. .
The rain-bow. Tsoeo-toay-yoos.
A rat. hrZa.ytsatohk .
A raven. KO-ishin.
T o ravish. Ktp-shitZ
T o reach after. AIL-chitl
'ro reckon. T aR-tah-put-hi.
T o recount. Ayk-huh. '
Red. , Hissir.
Red-hot. Kow-wi~h-?~E.
Ilcflection in water, mirror, &c.
hTo-uts-naah.
A refugee. H?tschitl.
T o rehearse. T ah-tah-put-hi.
Relaxed bowels. Tseel-hah.
.
To remain. Weenci-peh.
To remcmbcr . Ay-h ih-tab.
To renew. Ohn-]/ah-hq-gap,H u h huyl-hnt.
To repkn t. Quis-hay-chitl (frorn
Quispah).
a
I . TO reply. ~ j n ~ - -guitlnh.
oh
Td rrqoite. Ilah-oh-quid.\
I To return. (Intkans.) 110-uts-u1
chitl.
T o revolve. Mit-tcha.
1 A rib. ,Ilktlah-knhfe.
I
: Rice.
Si.~~idsRook.
Rich, i.e. ha;ing many possessions.
Ah-ah-yits-akulh.
The right hand or side. Chimmitsus.
/
/
'
73
ESG1,lSII-1' \IIKAHT.
To rip.
Chee-.yah.
I
ltzh (root of the brake-fern),
To rise (of sun or moon). Hoop- 1
Too-sup-ehr, Wah-oh, MahI
quistu h.
katte.
A river. Tsu-uk.
A rope. ~sistoop.
A road. Tush-she.
Rotten. Paht-huk.
To make a road or path. Tush- Rough. Quepalhuk.
shcelh.
Round (.Adj.). A'ootimilh. (Adv.
Roar of the sea. Tsahts-ahklin.
Innits.)
A rock. Mooxgeh.
1 To rub. Teetl-teejjah.
.
Roe of Salmon. ATit-kin.
,A rudder. Kleetch-gik.
A roller. Tsitktazo.
I To run. h'ummet-kook.
Roof-bosrds. Sloo-ook.
To run arace. Kuhtskinnik-sooptafil.
Roots (edible).
Ah-ey-en-newk, To run awaz. Hut-choh-at, WikAh-eyt-soo, Chis-noo, Huh-tih,
koos.
ir'leetsyonp,
k.Zi-klichRook, To run aground. Aye-ah-ah.
Koo-mhuppeh, ~uh-boo,~ u a u t - Rusted. Sholtshitl.
nis, Quaw-quinniskook, Sheet- ;
/
'
1
1
I
S.
A sai 1.- h'leetsu ppem.
, Scar of an old wound. C'hek-ko&ul).
To saij. S ~ e k n h .
I Scattered. Elh-tuhus.
Scissors. k'lup-pay-yik.
To set a sail. h'leetsrtp-poopeh.
Tp scold. il'i.eflnk.
To'take in sail. Klut-chitl,
To scorch oneself. 1CIook -7ni~z-Rtctl.
Take in the sail ! nut-she-e !
Salmon (first ru11 of). tiissit.
Scornful. Oosltoolh.
Salmon (second run of ). Tsoo-rcit. T o scrape. Cheeskah.
Salmon (llook-nosed). Setsoop.
I Scrapings. Cheeskfs-gur.
Salmon (an ic?feriorsort). Ena-ko-us. To scra tch. xikshitl.
Salmon-hrry bush. Kow-zuipt. '
A scribe. KeitsuktZ.
The sea. Toh-pelh.
Salt. Toh,-pelh.
A salutation to a man. Que-e-che-is. A seal (the animal). Kooh-qzloohousa)
SJutation to a female. Che-is.
A salutatidn at parting. Hak-she. To search after. We-uktl.
Secret ( Adj.) Hohpta. Secret inT h e same. Mnylhi.
.telligence. Hohpta OoyakkaSand. Ohpkamits.
mis.
The sand-hill crane. Hittoh-mi&.
To
see.
A'i~tsoh,AI'icn-nich.
To save, to save alire. TeeeA-mahahiktlup.
I Seeds. Tset-tset-tikutsin,.
A saw. Cheetayik=
1 A sccr.
Xah-chalk.
Sawdust. C/ieetsyue.
To separate. (Trans.) Elh-whwScales for weighing. Tah-putugik. I
sip.
I
II
I
<
Serious-looking. .4?h1t-)hztk-koil/t.
A skull. Koonzits.
A serpent. Hy-yeh.
Sky. Sas.
T o serve. Ik-sah-tsook.
/ A slave.? A'olh.
.,
To set (of sun o r moon). Hoop- 'I'o sleep. way-ich.
T o be sleepless. h'lintmukkah.
attoo.
T o set apart. AhtkshitL
Sleepy. Poulteechitl.
T o set food before another. fIay- T o slip. Yatsyuistus
nim-soo.
.
Slippery. Has-us-utl.
Sm:tll.
L-nna-his,
Udkinnnhis.
T o set free n slave. fifuk-quah.
Also is as a terminal. fI(1tsol1,
,To sew. ~l'ectl-nee-yah.
Unnnyts.
Shade. Aleetsin.
Small-pox. h7akkol~-pkit.
Sh:~dow. KO-uts-mah.
T h e shaft of a cross. Tahk-ah-pelt. T o smear with resin o r pitch. Ishkolh.
Shaft of the salmon-spear. Mil-siT o smell. ~lfeesook. (Trans.)
yeh.
T o shake. k-uk-yeh-whn.
T o smell at. Neeshitl.
T o shake. (Intrans.) li'c-keesX-hah.
T o smile. Cheel-huh.
Shame. Ih2-huh.
Sniolie. Quishah.
Shape. Oo?2ait-thit.
,
/ Smoke stack. I?tYrrik-gz~k-tlyik.,
T o shave. Cheeskuksootl:
Smooth. K/askuk.
k
Shingles (for roofing). Lltoo-ZAoo- A snake. EIp-yeh.
~~lquiltn.
I T o sneeze. ATiskshitl.
Shore of the sea. His-sczyh-soh-tuh. I Snow. Quees.
T o slkoot. Klay-chitl.
/ T o snow. Queesnh.
Short (not used of men). Ku?Soaked. Moo-uktl.
tah.
Soft. h'lat-whuk.
T h e sliouldcr. Ah -2tp-ee-milh,
,4hSoil. Tsa-koomats.
*
Some more. Mah-011.
uppi.
T o shrink back. Tsitsisha.
Something else. h'lahoh-oppi.
Shut. 'Mooslze-us.
Son. 'Ian-nah.
T o shut. Mooshetuppah. .
A soiig. Abok.
T o shut the eyes. Kuytsinnik.
Soon. Ooyeh.
Sick. Tay-ilh.
Soul. Ko-uts-mah.
T o sigh. Sus-see-ip, Ay-hash.
To sow seed. To-quit-%).
T h e sight of a gun. Kay-holh.
To speak. W a w , Wazc-waw.
Similar. Oh-oh-kook, Mayl-hi.
A spider. Memetooknaahk.
T o sing. 2C700-nook.
Spirma DouglasiZ See-whipt.
A sister. Klooch-moop.
The land of departed spirits. ChayT o sit on the ground. Tuk-quulleh. I
her.
T o sit down in a chair. T u k - p a s - T o spit. TaRRsAitl.
seh.
Spittle. TahAts-pur.
6jx . ~l'oop-]>doh
To splice. Quit-tc-yu.
Skin. Toquk.
Tgaplit salllqll for d r y i ~ ~ gChce-gnh.
.
I
,
I
I
I
.
1
I
'-
T o split with a wedge. KletslritL
as Innizyeh, 'wood,' is derived
Spoilt. Wush-sh14k.
from innik, 'fire,' hot stones
I
A spoon. Cltoocltuk.
being used for the boiling of
iI
water, and steaming of meats and
T o sprinkle. Howtshitl.
Spring. Soozuidg.
1
fish. Terms applied specifically
T o squat. Tuk-quullelr.
1
tend to become generic names).
A squirrel.
Sum-met-toh, Eil- T o stop. (Intrans.) Weencipel~,
chupamik.
1I
Ayhr-nis.
T o stamp upon with the feet. Yats- stop! ;top working! Choo-up-it-log !
qwi-up. (Comp. Quoy-up).
Stoppage in the bowels. A S ' ~ ~ ~ h ~ R - ~ t ~ ~ t l .
T o stand up. Klahk-ihyshitl.
A storm at sea. Chuk-oo-tsuk.
Standing up, erect (bf a person). r A stove. In-nik-kagik.
Klah k-ih-pilh
Stove-pipe. In-~tik-guk-tlyik.
-.
Stand up ! Klahk- h-she-e !
Straight. Tahk-ay-uk, Tahks-cheet.
Starfish. Kus-keep.
A stranger. Klah-choochin.
Startled. Chah-huts 'tl.
T o stride. Klayt-klayt-wAah.
The stars. Tattoos.
String. Mutl-toop.
T o stay. Weend-peh.
Strong. A%shooR.
Staying. Weenci-pilh.
T o stroke. Tas-rnuth-ell'.
Steam. Mookwah, 120-wha.
To subdue. Huh-oom ut.
Stcady iof ;I canoe). li7i>z-'ns.
Su bmergcd. Keek-qulh.
Screw-steamer. IVctseh-eetsnklcb. - 1 T o suck. Qsee-pee-huh.
Yaddlc-mhccl stcanwr: koktikke.
Sugar. Oh-ohp-kah-kook
T o steal h'oozoillc.
Summer Kloopidg.
.Steep. Ee-tatik-les.
The sun. IIoopaEhT o steer. h7!eetshill.
Just before sunsrlt. Klooch -ink[.
Steersman. Kleetcha.
Supplicatory. Yay-yay-en.
Stern (Adj.) C7'g-uk.
I Surface. i?ostuhs
'ro sting (of a nettle, not of ail in- Surrounding. L+fin-nik-stas.
sect). h a - k i n - k u t l .
/ To swalluw. Hetetsoguaw.
To sting (of an insect). Q u a w - ~ k -I A swan. Kokkoop.
shztl.
T o sweep. ITukshitl
Sweet. Chumrnus, Chimmus.
T o stir, Io atig up. ' Kit-~ntelsoh.
Sweeter. Churnmus-oonim.
The stomach. Tuhts-ehe.
A stone. ' Moor-yeh (probably de- Sweetest. Chah-chummus-sappi.
rived from ;Nook-wah, steam,' T o swim. goosah.
I
.
b,
.
1
L
t
T.
a
C
4
, tail. Seetu.
T o take off A burden.
palli-hrtp.
I
To talk. TsiRu, N>tc-zcazr.
~Yeecr~tooholc- 'I'amc. Albornee/h.
Tab-tah-plrt-http.
r *
T o taste. *\%A-ah-pay-chitb.
l o throw away. Wash-itl.
Teal duck. Hussis.
T l ~ r o woneself from rr height. T a y -ah-ah-toh.
Green-winged teal.
Fioop-ukhklinh 2.
The thumb. Ay-!/ah-koomts.
T o tear in two. h'ahtsksup.
Thunder. Tootnld, Tl~ytskin.
Teeth. Cite-che-che.
Tidings. Oopzkknmis.
A telescope. Kay J ~ - ~ i k . '
T o tic together. illrctlah-&It.
T o tell. Ayk-ltuk.
Tied. 41ittt~-9u.
T o tempt. Ooksup (?) .
T o till the earth. .Tsoos-tsoosa.
Ten. fly-yu. Timbel-. I?z~niks-y~A.
'
~ e r ' rtory.
i
,lBrnnh..
~ired,
!c-te-ik.
' Thank you ! KZak-koh ! OosR-3ak- : The' tors.
'lietsr/uhti,n.
s6rnit.v !
Toget her: ( o f t\vo). Hee-ycl?~-sftinThere, out thcre (only out of sigl~t,).
nik, atl~sliiltnik.
Yetleh, Ilittas.
To-morrow. Ah-meetlik. (So C,?Thick. Uttatc.
tt~htlik,tla;'coming night.)
,
A thief. k'oo-icits. '
1 ]I(: tongue. Chonp.
Thin (of n person). Kla~ylttlR-shill. T o touch witli the finger& Kno. Th.in (of a .hoard, or of p a y ~ r ,or
koo~~s~~n~-r~~z~~k~le/I.
anyt,hing flat). L77tnayt6gzcis. A towel. Teettrelh-oomuh.
Thine. LS'30as;.
A trail. . Ttrsh-she.
Tllings,, posscssio~~s,. Ee-eshtoop: To.,t.riidc. 1417~k-cjuinnik.
Pat-hook.
T l i t i o lhh-ltoh-puh.
To think. Why-uktl.
A tree. Nak-krrlrs, Soocl~as.
- ~ d t h i n k o v c r . TrrBbh-put-hi.
Tribe. i4icr/ite, LVt~?ti~.
Thirsty. Z,Vee-vcb-u kt/, lilooshtso- A trigger. Che-chik.
qua.
Tr0usel.s. A T ? - k l u k k a i k .
This. Ah-konlt., "
gT~*he: Ta?ikokt .. '.:
:Xllis side. lf~i~h-is-pub. . . . . ,
The truth. ?"'ltRoktl.
T h o ~ i . h'ooa..
.I T o tell the truth.
Tuhkokstootl.
. A thought.
Kalk-Rolmr-ridclt- tot^.. A turkey. 'Ah-osky. .
Thread. ,\>epzrtto.
Turnips. Uhh-wnh-ehr-kook.
T o threaten. UEencr.
T~venty:, ~ s i k k i t s .
Three. ATots-tsa. .
, Twins. Soomcs,
=
he throat. N7un-na?,k, At-sn9-fits., 1 T o twist. Tsitk-tsup.
T o %throw; -Tn?/tltn/yl/oii (nlore Two.. At-lak.
commonly Taych'itl).
.
'
.
,
,
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.
,,
,
.
!
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.
,
.
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'
.
.
.
.
>
.
~s
1
1
1
.
.
'
I.
IT.
- .
Unable. Im-teh.
T o unbind. Kluk-sup.
.
.
,
I,
'
.
L
I.
An ullclc. AY(l/t~u!jx-o/i.
To u~rdcrst:tirud.
.
KIZII~O~O~).
.
I do not uprlerstand.
Hyem-ham-.
mah. (More commonly, Wimuttomah.)
He does not understand. liyemham-maylb.
Unequally balanced. Seekuppel&.
Unforgiving. WGoom.
United, Wush-ahkl-nook.
I
A vagab0n.d. Hus-chitl.
A valley. Hleetas.
1.
Xi-pe h.
fl7ishhuktlst~t.
To vomit. . Ah-thlab.
Valuale. Ayh~-w?dktl.
Veins, arteries. Hlook-trtpt.
I
Unkind. Wishiksuktl.
Unsteitdy (of a canoe). Tsoot-sah.
To untie. h'luk-sup.
Unwell. Yah-mck.
Uphill. Ee-tahk-Zes.
To upset. E h k s a p .
Useless. Hytoktl.
.
w.
A waistcoat.
Chukswii".
T o walk. Yatsook.
Warm. KZohR-pah.
To wash. TSO-quitl.
T o wash the hands. Tsootsinnik.
To wash the face. A710hp-shill.
T o wash the hair. Tso-yook.
T o wash the feet. - Tsoots-ohktah.
T o wash the whole body. Ilattee.
A wasp. As-sits.
T o watch at night. Woo-wit-tayer.
' Water.
Chu-uk.
T o water. Tseesannup.
T o make water. Okshitl.
A wave. Tsa-ool-hah.
Wooden wedge . for split tiag trees.
Klennut .
We. Seetoah.
Weak. WZe-uk.
Weak-eyed.- A7azckgs-cl~ttp.
- Weary, - Quaw-te-ik.
To weigh. MaA-nah-sip:
. Well. Teech. (He is well, Teechutlmah.)
-
-*
I
I
1
1
I
Well behaved. Quastdmha.
Well inten tioned. k'looth-sooktl.
Well known. Quah-hums.
W ~ l manner~d.
l
Quastimha.
A whale. 1CfaltR, Yuh-toop.
A wharf. Klooh-peh.
What ? Okkuk ?
O f what tribe ? Okkahta ?
Of what tribe are you ? ~ h k a l r t a i
huk ? or Okkahta-sona ?
A wheel Zah-wha.
Where ? .I*-f~sseh
?
Where are you ? Wusseh-huk ?
Where do you come from ? Wussemtuk ?
Which ? (of things, not persons).
Why-yak ?
To whisper. Ooslrinzitsnh.
To whistle. Ohp-ka.
White. Kleesook.
Who ? Ah-chuk :I Ah-chuk-huh?
( Ah-ch ~~k-ltuhkous ?
What
man ?)
ll'hose ? Ah-che-itsah ?
,
J:
r)
'78
THE TAHK-41IT I,AS(;UAC;E.
Wide. Klolrk, Ah-all-che.
1 wife. Klootsmah. (Having only
f
,
+
:.
.
,
one wife. Tsow-wawts-Lamma.)
Wild.' Chooshah.
A wilderness. WiR~tit.
Wind. Wiheh.
East-wind. Toochey.
West-wind. Huchleetlh.
Sea-wind. Ewksah.
1
Tempestuous ~ea-wind. o e - 1 .
Land-wind. Ew-uttih (i.e. nightwind).
Wind from the sea. Ewhtis.
A window (the orifice). Uiksimtl
(derived from WiRseh, as window is from 2 u i d ) .
A window (the glass and frame).
Pay-pay-/&a
yxim).
Winter. Qweskidg.
To wipe. Teer~ielh-has.
With. Ishinnik.
A wolf. kTantlntlah, I % h - ~ ~ k .
A woman. h'Coots~rzalr.
A married woman. h'lo&srnal&.
Unmarried woman. Hah-quatl.
A woman wi tll one husba~lrl. Tsotowawts-humma.
Wood. Inniks-geh.
Great woodpecker. hTla?/L-mah.
A small woodpecker. Koli yuennaI
!
pich.
I T o work. Marnook, Oo-ooshtuk,
Pepesati.
Worn out. W~ilslr-shuk.
Worse. Pishwun nim. .
Worst. Piahappeh.
Worthless. Iiytoktl.
A\wound. ALak-yuoch-yoo.
,'-To wound. Ka-a-sup.
Wouncied. Oosooktlah.
To wran*.
Tsoy-~k-paZlr.
; Wrecked. Kikles-uk-shitl.
T o wrestle. S>O-soap-tahl, Ah-ahpquirnw lh.
To. wrestle by llolding the hair.
Chinepalh.
To wring. TtthRs-ut-tup.
tI To write. hTaytshitl, Keitshitl. ,
,- A writing- table.
h7eitsetsos.
' Written or printed matter. KEitsdkeitsalr.
1
A.,
trik
1
the
clef
the
1
Ahr
Asc
Atla
Eer
Eilc
Hak
g;
Yards of a ship. Klay-klayhr-tim. Yesterday. Ahmooye.
Yes. Ah-ah. In answer to a Ycw-tree: h'lattomupt.
.question put negtrti vely, which Yonder. Hittas.
is the,usual manner of interro- You. ye. Soo-rush, Soowa-tilh.
gation, AR-ah confirms the Young. Is, used as a terminal.
negative. Thus, @%lit ena- Yours. Soo-wahs.
chitllauk ? Are you not coming?
Ah-ah. Yes (1 am not coming).
'
In-'
Kik
Kla
hla;
me
Kle
Kle,
r
2
P R O P E R NAMES.
.
A~,TTIIOUGH
taken exclusively from the Seshaht and Opechisaht
tribes, many of the following names are in common use among all
the Tahkahts. The words in parentheses suggest the probable
derivation of the name ; they may be verified by a reference to
the vocabularies.
SESIIAIIT 3IEN =D
Ahmohwetowa
Aschammik
Atlah-new-ohm-ayhr
Eeneyukpah (Ey-nuk )
Eilc hinnik
Hah-how-wit-towa
y-yu-pen-nu-el
In-klahp-pa-ik (Anneeh
klah-oh-appi)
Kik-ki-an
~ l a i ~ e - n a n o o(Klahoh-appi nauich)
Klayhr-kis
Klcwha-ha-ta(B1cehua)
BOYS.
Klohchis
" Shahktootl
Kloochkey t
Si-yah-noop (Sy-yah)
Klootasee-e
' Tahtsi-watsi (Taht,
Tahk) .
Bootupi tlay
Mitlash (5laylhi, may- Tah-winnisid
Tootannoos
tlhi)
Tootismui (Toota)
Moolaki1
Nan-neklah-ohp (Na- Tootooch (Tootooch)
nich klah-oh-appi) Tsuk-bawb
Tusheenim (Tushee)
P'ishwinnisim (An
Upeelachist
Ahousaht)
We-woom-tab-eyli. .
Quaytlis
Wi kaninnish
Quees-ah-ah-chilh
Wush-to-kah
Quy-ayts-u kshilh
Yah-ah-pulh
Sah-ah-lim
Y uh-ah-yahta .
Seetsmanna
Shahktikke
Y ik-kay-ah , .
/
'
.
OPECHISAHT XEN =D
Ayen-chissook (Ayentuk)
Chauckis (George ',si
diminutive)
Hay-aytlukshilh
He-eesin-y up
1
Kal-oh-esh
Kay-quesetl.
Klah-oh-klooquah
(Klah-oh-kloolh)
Klahp-haytup (Klahoh-appi)
Klahtsmik,
Kleeshin
Mayees
.
BOYS.
Quas-soog
Quicheenurn (Quc-eche-is)'
. Say-is
Sint-sit
Tay-ism
Te-teechi t (Teech)
Tootooch (Toomoch)
SESHAHT WOMEX AND GIRLSChayilh-muk.
Eytlah.
Hahkoomis
Hahkdmukshitl
Hayteloqui tl
. '
!
/
,
,
L
I
I
Hys-tia
Klah-ap
(~lah-oh~PP;)
Klayhr-klayhr-suks
Rlohpili-ukshilh
Mallkquolh SKS-is(Nas) .
Ohksis
Paytlis
Tootima: (Toota)