U.S. History
Lesson 1
Americans Get a New Deal
A Electing F.D.R.
A.
FD R
1. Hoover – REP – ran for reelection.
a) was blamed for not doing enough for the depression.
2. Franklin Delano Roosevelt – DEM Æ Gov. of NY
a) worked to help unemployment & poverty
b) voters liked his positive attitude
3 FDR won – DEM retained control of Congress
3.
B. Waiting for Roosevelt
1. Before his inauguration – he picked advisors – “Brain Trust”
2 wanted
2.
t d to
t alleviate
ll i t the
th depression
d
i – The
Th N
New D
Deall
a) relief for the needy
b) economic recovery
c) financial reform
C. The 100 Days
1. FDR took over – 1st 100 days were critical (3/9/33 – 6/16/33)
g
ppassed 15 pieces
p
of New Deal legislation.
g
2. Congress
3. FDR closed all banks on March 5, 1933
a) Emergency Banking Relief Act
1) all banks must be inspected
2) financially sound banks could re-open – others couldn
couldn’tt
b) govt. loaned $$ to banks in trouble.
c) people began to put their trust back in “open” banks
D. Important Fireside
i id Chat
h
1. 3/12/33 – FDR gave 1st Fireside Chat – radio address to nation
a)) people
p p felt FDR was speaking
p
g to them ppersonally
y
b) encouraged people to trust the banks
c) people began returning their savings to banks
E Regulating Banking and Finance
E.
1. Glass – Steagall Act – 1933 Æ Fed. Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC)
a) insured bank accts. up to $5000
b) made investors feel safe
2. Federal Securities Act
a) required corps. to provide info. about their stock
b)) penalty
p
y for misrepresentation
p
3. SEC – Securities Exchange Commission – regulated the stock market.
4. 21st Amend. – repealed prohibition – 1933 – govt. needed tax $$.
Helping the American People
A. Rural Assistance
1. AAA – Agriculture Adjustment Act
a) lowered production to raise crop prices.
b) govt
govt. paid $200 mil
mil. for cotton farmers to destroy 10 mil.
mil acres.
acres
c) govt. paid millions for hog farmers to slaughter 6 mil. hogs.
1) citizens were upset – people were going hungry
and the govt
govt. was destroying food.
food
2. TVA – Tenn. Valley Authority
a) renovated dams in the TN Valley & built 20 new ones.
1) created 1000
1000’ss of jobs
2) provided flood control
3) provided power plants
B. Work Projects
j
1. CCC – Civilian Conservation Corps.
a) men 18-25 went to work building roads, planting trees, etc.
b) employed over 3 mil. by 1942.
1) $30/month - $25 automatically sent home to family.
2) provided free food and lodging to workers
c) planted 200 mil. trees – prevent the next Dust Bowl
2. PWA – Public Works Admin.
a) govt. passed the Nat. Ind. Recovery Act (NIRA)
b) sent money to states to build schools
c) CWA – Civil Works Admin. – gave 4 mil. jobs
1) built 40,000 schools & 500,000 miles of roads
C. Fair Practices
1. set prices for products and labor standards
a) many felt it only helped businesses – not citizens.
D. Food, Clothing, & Shelter
1 Home Owners Loan Corp
1.
Corp. (HOLC)
a) govt. loans to homeowners
2. Fed. Emergency Relief Admin. – (FERA)
a) $$,
$$ food,
food shelter to the needy,
needy aged,
aged ill
New Deal Under Attack
- FDR was spending more money than the govt. had!
A Supreme Court Reacts
A.
1. 1935 – NIRA is unconst. – Pres. can’t be that powerful
2. 1936 – AAA is unconst. – Ag. is a local matter
-- the U.S. govt. can’t regulate agriculture.
3. FDR asked congress to add 6 more Sup. Ct. justices
a) “Court Packing Bill”
b) it didn
didn’tt pass – Hugo S. Black accepted a seat on the
court and he backed FDR’s plan – FDR quit pushing it.
B. Three Fiery Critics
1. American Liberty League
a) said the New Deal violated people’s rights
1) Charles Coughlin – Priest
- weekly radio address – against the New Deal
2) Dr. Francis Townsend – physician
- said FDR wasn’t doing
g enough
g to helpp the needyy
3) Sen. Huey Long
- LA Sen. who wanted to be Pres.
plan
- “Share the Wealth” p