80
ACKNOWLEDGING.
An aker is it clept, I vnderstonde,
Whos myght there may no shippe or wynd wyt stonde.
This remue in th' occian of propre kynde Wyt oute wynde
hathe his commotioun. 1552 HULOET Abecedarinm Aker of
the sea, whiche preventeth = precedes] the flowde or flow-
enforced them to the outward acknowledge therof. a 1555
RIDLEY Wks. 332 Before I should make the king's majesty
privy unto it and of acknowledge, before the collation of it.
ACINOSE.
1847 CRAIG, Acini/arm, full of small kernels. 1853 MAYNE,
Acini/ornt', having the form or appearance or colour of a
HUXLEY Anat. Inv. An. vii. ^81
grape; grape-like.
1877
These glands are divisible into five different kinds (acini*
form, ampullate, aggregate, tubuliform, and tuberous
1
.
Acinose
[ad. L. acinosus full of
grapes, grapelike. f. ACINUS.] Consisting of acini;
composed of, or resembling, a cluster of small berries.
1873 WEALE Diet, 5 Acinose, a term applied to iron ore
found in masses, and of several colors. 1874 ROOSA Dis. of
Kar 210 The mucous membrane is made smooth by numer(ae:sin0's), a.
ous acinose glands.
(K-sinas), a. [f. L. acinosus (see prec.)
as if ad. Fr. acineux] = ACINOSE ; applied especially
Acinous
to glands occurring in clusters.
1871 COHEN Dis. of Throat 179 This pouch is ordinarily
enveloped by acinous glands. 1878 HABERSHON Dis.^ Abdomen 51 Some isolated submucous glands of an acinous
character may still be found.
II
Acinus
PI. acini.
(arsinw;).
[L. acinus, a
also a kernel
berry growing in a cluster, a grape
occurring in a cluster, a grapestone.]
\\.
berry which grows in clusters, as grapes,
sometimes applied to the whole
currants, etc.
cluster.
Obs.
1731 BAILEY, vol. 1 1, Acini small grains growing in bunches
cf which the fruit of the Elder-tree, Privet, and other
plants of the like kind are composed.
2. Bot. One of the small fleshy berries or drupes
which make up such compound fruits as the blackberry; sometimes applied to the compound fruit
;
A
;
. .
.
.
which they compose.
1830 LINDLKY .Vat. Sy*t. Bot. 81 Fruit either i-seeded nuts,
or acini, or follicles containing several seeds.
1834 GOOD
Bk. of \at. I. 164 The acinus or conglomerate berry, as in
the rasp.
1837 MACCULLOCH Attrib. of Cod III. xlvi. 220
The acinus of botanists constitutes the basis of another class
of fruits, and the Raspberry is a familiar example.
1880
GRAY Bot. Text-Ilk. 394, Acinus now sometimes applied to
the separate carpels of an aggregate baccate fruit, or to the
contained stone or seed.
.
.
3. The stones or seeds of grapes and berries.
1731 BAILKY, vol. II, Acini [with Physicians] the seed that is
within a fruit, and thence they in their prescriptions frequently use WTVI t'xacittata, i.e. the Acini or seeds being
taken out. 1880 [See under 2}.
a blind end of a
4. Anat. A racemose gland
duct of a secreting gland, which is divided into
;
several lobes.
single trunk
on each
side.
5. Anat. (See quot.)
1847 YOUATT Horse xiii. 297 There are, scattered through
the substance of the liver, numerous little granules, called
acini, from their resemblance to the small stones of certain
berries.
-acious
T|
(-t
comfil. suffix, forming adjs.
inclined to, abounding in';
'j3s),
meaning 'given
to,
L. -act- (nom. -ax), adj. ending added chiefly to
vb. stems (Fr. -ate) + -ous ; as L. viv-ere to live,
vlvijci- lively (Fr. vivace}, Eng. vivaci-ous ; so menf.
dacious, voracious, fallacious, capacious. Hence adv.
in -aciously; sbs. of quality in -acious-ncss, -acity;
vbs. in -acitate.
Acipenser (xsipe'nsaj). Zool. [L.] The sturII
geon.
1853 SOYER Pantrophi'oti 216 Some flatterers . with eyes
fixed on the noble accipenser, compared its flesh to the ambrosia of the immortals.
.
Acise, obs. form of ASSIZE.
Acite, early form of ACCITE v. to summon.
-acitate (-re-siu-it), compd. suffix = -aci-ACIOUS) + -/- (see -TV) + -ATE, forming vbs. on
(see
As cap-acitate,
to produce the capacity.
-acity (-re-siti), formerly -acite, -acitie, compil.
suffix, a. Fr. -acite, ad. L. -acitat-em (nom. -acitas),
-ACIODS) + -tilt- (see -TY), according to
the regular type of sbs. of quality in -tat-em f. 3rd
f.
-aci- (see
in
decl. adjs.
as
-i-,
celeri-tat-em,
voraci-tiit-tm,
All the
voracity, the quality of being voracious.
Fr. adjs. in -acite are literary adaptations of or
formations on L. words the Eng. are either
adop-
;
tions of Fr. words, or analogous formations on L.
adjs.
-ACIOUS may have a sb. of
-acity, on some of which are formed vbs.
Every
quality in
in
adj.
as cap-aci-ous, capaci-ty, capacit-ate.
Ack, occas. Sc. form of ACT v. and sb.
Ack(e, variant of Ac conj. Obs., but.
in -acitate
\
form of -AC, suffix.
Ackele, variant of AKELE v. Obs., to cool.
Obs.
or dial. also aker, akyr, aiker.
t Acker.
[Of uncertain origin probably a variant of EAGEK
sb., the 'bore' on tidal rivers, called by Lyly agar.~\
fl. 'Flood tide; bore; strong current in the sea.
-ack,
earlier
;
;
Olis.
c 1440 Protn.
Parr.
Impetus maris.
Titus
A
a-ryse,
t
[
ynge, impetus marts.
2.
ripple, furrow, or disturbance of the surface
of water ; a 'cat's-paw.* dial.
1808 JA.MIESON Scot. Dict. t Aikery the motion, break, or
movement, made by a fish in the water, when swimming
fast.
1865 WAY in Prom. Parv. 8 In Craven Dial., Acker
Is a ripple on the water.
1865 Provincialism in Cornhitt
Mag. July 34 Sailors at sea name it when seen on a larger
scale by the expressive term cats-paw.' The North-country
'
peasant, however, knows it by the name acker,' implying,
as it were, a space ploughed up by the wind.
Acker, obs. form of ACRE.
A
'
Ackerne, obs. form of ACORN.
Ackerspyre, -sprit, obs. or
dial, variants
of
ACIIOSPJKE.
Acketon,
form of ACTON, HAQUETON.
obs.
tAckno'w, aknow,
v.
Forms:
Obs.
i
Inf.
oncnawan; 3-5 aknowe(n, aknowe; 5-6 aknow. Pa. t. i oncneaw; 2- aknew. Pa. pple.
i oncn&wen, onknaun, oknaun
4 oknowen
4-6 aknowen, aknowe 5 aknow 6 aknown,
aknowne, acknowen
6-7 acknown(e, acknown. [f. ON, in, on + cndtvan to know (by the
;
;
;
;
;
senses), to recognize ; the prefix afterwards reduced,
as usual, to o-, a-, and at length corruptly written
ac- in imitation of ac- before c- k- q- in words
adopted from L.
See
h.~ pref. 2.]
Very
rare after
OE. period exc. in pa. pple.
1. To come to know, recognize.
933 Battle of J laldon (Sweet 134) Man
mihte oncnawan
wacian set 3am wige. c 1330 Arthonr
Merlin io8r But gif Y do hirben a-knawe With wild hors
5a:t se cniht nolde
<y
do me to drawe. c 1430 Syr Gcnerides 6739 Tho [Generides]
wold be a-know, Ful simplie he answerd
It am I, hide it
wol I noght.
2. To admit or show one's knowledge, acknow.
.
ledge, confess.
<riooo &LFKIC On O. Test. (Sweet 68) Daet he mihte
oncndwan his manfullan did a. a 1500 Merline 901 (Percy
Fol. .MS. I. 450) To mee wold shee neuer aknow That any
man for any meede Neighed her body. 1561 T. N[ORTON]
Calvin's Instit. iv. 134 God will not be acknowen true in the
receiuyng [of the bread] it selfe, but in the stedfastnesse of
owne goodnesse.
3. In pa. pple. Acquainted, apprized, informed (<jf).
1330 R. BRUNNE Chron. 69 If he wild not so, hesuld malt him
as for his owen.
oknowen, He suld wynne it
1490 CAXTON Eneydos xviii. 68 To departe out of my land sodaynly
to
make
me
a
knowen
thereof.
wythout
xxiii. 49,
Akyr of the see flowynge [1499 aker],
?rt 1500 Knyghthode fy Batayle MS. Colt.
quoted in Prom. 1'arv. 8 Wel know they
8
.
4.
To
avowed
be
acknown
:
in relation to
.
To
be (self-)recognized or
anything
;
hence, to avow,
confess, acknowledge (to a person).
a. absol.
c 1350 U'ill. Palerne 4391, I haue be gretli a-gelt, to god
ich am a-knowe.
1430 LVDG. in Mass Bk. 39011879) I am
aknowe, and wot ryght well I speke pleynly as I fel. c 1440
Prom. Pan'. 280 Knowlechyn or ben a-knowe be const reynynge, Fateor, Knowlechyn or ben a-knowe wylfully, COHfiteor.
1460 CAPGRAVK Chron. 266 The ErI of Warwick .
was a knowe, as the! seid. For which confession the King
him
gave
lif, and exiled him.
b. with sitbord. cl.
c 1350 Will. Palerne 4788 f>at we ar worj>i to J>e deth wel
we be a-knowe. c 1440 Gesta Rom. 201 The first knyght was
aknow that he slew the man. 1447 BOKENHAM Lyvys of
45o
Seyntys Introd. 14 lie not aknowe whom it comyth fro.
PECOCK Repr. 149 Neither he woll be Aknowe that the
is
his
God.
Wks.
MORE
Treat,
on
the
Passwn
ymage
1534^
1 557t I2 73/2 They
will not be aknowen that it is his.
1535 COVKRDALE 2 Meici. vi. 6 There durst no man be a
knowne that he was a Jewe. 1535-75 ABP. PARKER Corr.
441 To put you in remembrance not to be acknown to him
that you have it from me.
1548 HALL Chron. (1809) 374
Menne must sometym for the maner sake not bee aknowen
what they knowe. 1583 GOLDING Cafcitt Dent, xxxiv. 202
In deede men will not be acknowen y* it is so. 1639 H. AINSWORTH Annot. on Pentat. Pref. 4 They will not bee a knowne
that they pray or doe worship unto them.
<
.
i
.
adjs.
in -aci-ous or sbs. in -aci-ty, according to the regular
vbs.
in
-TATE
of
f.
-TY
sbs.
in
(L.-tarc, -tatum)
type
(L. -tcitem).
it
his
CHAMBERS
Cycl. s.v. Acini, Anatomists have called
some glands of a similar formation [to bunches of grapes]
Acini Glandiilosi. 1877 HUXLEY Anat. Inv. An. vii. 410
The ducts which arise from these acini unite first into a
1751
the remue yf
.
t
c. with simple obj.
c 1374 CHAUCER Boethius 17 J>at I confesse and am a-knowe.
1414 liitAMPTON 7 Penit. Ps. IviL 22, I am aknowe my synfull lyif.
the Good Wift etc. 159 in Hazl.
-1430
E. P. P. 191 Tylle thei crye mercy, and be here gylte aknowe.
c 1440 Gesta Rom. 395 She wolde haue more sharpe penaunce,
and was a-knowe all here synnes to a wicked preste.
How
d. with
of.
c 1430 flow the Good Wijf^ etc. 191 in Babees Bk. 46 Til bei
be of her gilt aknowe. c 1440 Gesta Rom. 201
crie mercy,
It is better forto be aknow of
synne here openly, and
&
my
take
my penaunce.
1496 Dives
$ Pauper (W. de Worde) vi.
xxiv. 272/2 He wolde not be aknowen of his synne, but put
his synne on god, and excused hym by Eue.
1526 TINDALE
Rom. i. 28 As it semed not good vnto them to be aknowen
of God, even so God deliveryd them vppe vnto a leawde mynd.
&
DAUS
Sleidane's Comtn, 390 b, Touching religion
acknowne of none error. 1589 PUTTENHAM Eng. Poesie (1811) in. xxii. 212 So would I not haue a
translatour be ashamed to be acknowen of his translation.
1604 SHAKS. Oth. in. iii. 319 Be not acknowne on't I haue
vse for it. 1633 BP. HALL Hard T. 140 The very place where
he grew shall not be acknowne of him.
1560
doctrin, they will be
:
t Acknowledge,
KNOW v. + -LEDGE,
from KNOW.]
sb.
after the
Obs,
[f.
AKNOW, ACKNOWLEDGE
analogy of
Admitted or communicated know-
ledge, recognition, cognizance.
1548 GESTE Prenee Masse 91 The Kynges Majestic
Acknowledge
ACKNOWLEDGE
f. KNOWLEDGE
like
AKNOW
sb.>
sb.
;
(sekn^ledg),
.
hath
from
[either
KNOWLEDGE v.
formed on KNOWLEDGE v.,
or
on KNOW.
There was also an
earlier
i-knowledge.
By i6th c. the earlier vbs. knowledge
and a(c}kn(nv (exc. in pa. pple.) were obs., and acknowledge took their place.
(In this and the
kindred words, many pronounce mw'led^.)]
1. To own the knowledge of; to confess ; to recognize or admit as true.
1553 LATIMER in Sonthey's C. P. Bk. Ser. n. 55 One man
took remorse of conscience, and acknowledged himself to me
that he had deceived the king.
1599 SHAKS. Much Ado i.
iL 13 He loued my niece your daughter, and meant to ac1611
it
this
in
a
dance.
Wini. T.
knowledge
night
in. ii. 62 In name of Fault, I must not At all acknowledge.
1611 BIBLE Jer. iii. 13 Acknowledge thine iniquity that thou
hast transgressed against the Lord thy God.
1756 BURKE
Vind. Nat. Soc. Wks. I. 35, I acknowledge indeed, the
7
necessity of such a proceeding.
1794 SULLIVAN V inv of
Nat. 1.71 The sea, he must acknowledge, is always at the
same level. 1850 M'CosH Div. Gm<t. iv. i. (1874)464 Their
views of God are acknowledged to be miserably meagre.
2. To recognize or confess (a person or thing to
be something);
a. with complement,
b. simply.
recognize (one) to be what he claims ; to own
the claims or authority of.
1481 CAXTON Myrroitr in. xxiv. 193 In whiche translacion I
acknowleche myself symple, rude and ygnoraunt. 1590
SHAKS. Com. Err. v. 322 Thou sham'st to acknowledge me
inmiserie. 1597
i Hen. IV,\\\. ii.ni Through all the Kingdomes that acknowledge Christ. 1611 BIBLE Wisd. xii. 27
They acknowledged him to be the true God, whome before
Prov. iii. 6 In all thy wayes acthey denyed to know.
knowledge him, and he shall direct thy pathes. 1651 HOBBES
Leinatlian x. 43 He acknowledged the power which others
acknowledge.
1762 GOLDSM. Cit. World (1837) iv. 16 An
Englishman is taught to acknowledge no other master than
the laws which himself has contributed to enact.
1781 GIBBON Decl. fy F. III. 65 The authority of Theodosius was
cheerfully acknowledged by all the inhabitants of the Roman
world.
1849 MACAULAY Hist. Eng. I. 532, A secret purse
from which agents too vile to be acknowledged received hire.
1876 FREEMAN Norm. Cong. II. ix. 433 Harold was publicly
the designated successor to the crown.
acknowledged as
3. To own as genuine, or of legal force or
validity; to own, avow, or assent, in legal form,
to (an act, document, etc.) so as to give it validity.
1870 PINKEKTON Guide to Administr. 48, A release should
be acknowledged before proper authority and recorded in
To
i.
i.
.
.
the office for recording deeds,
etc.
To own
with gratitude, or as an obligation
(a gift, or service rendered).
Hence, To acknowledge (the receipt of) a letter.
1667 MILTON /*. L. XL 612 But they his gifts acknowledg'd
none. Mod. To acknowledge the divine goodness in our deI hope you have
liverance.
properly acknowledged their
kindness. These letters have not been acknowledged.
T
4.
Acknowledgeable
KNOWLEDGE
v.
a.
(&kiylAd$ib l)J
+ -ABLE.] Capable of
ledged or admitted ; recognizable.
1856 RUSKIN Mod. Painters III. iv.x.
2
[f.
AC-
being acknow-
Of
all
painters
[Turner] seemed to obtain least acknowledgeable resemblance
to nature.
Acknowledged
(a-kn^-ledgd), ///. a.
[f. as
ad;
or
authoritative.
true, valid,
Lett.
iii.
The
care
and
abiliJnnitts
1769
19
acknowledged
ties of the adjutant -general.
1781 GIBBON Decl. <V /' II. 87
These five youths, the acknowledged successors of Constan1810 COLERIDGE Friend (1865) 122 To do anything
tine.
which the acknowledged laws of God have forbidden me to
+ -ED.]
prec.
Kecognized, confessed, owned
mitted as
1860 TYNDALL Glaciers i. 24. 168 Theirpleasure is that
of overcoming acknowledged difficulties. i868Gt:oRGE ELIOT
Felix Holt 14 To rule in virtue of acknowledged superiority.
do.
Acknowledgedly (sekn^r ledsdli),
KNOWLEDGED
ment
;
a.
+ -LY]
By
adv.
[f.
AC-
general acknowledg-
admittedly, confessedly.
1685 Graciiin's Courtier's Manual 95 Such as are acknowledgedly capable of being good judges. 1827 HARE Guesses
at Truth (1847) Ser. i. 375 The historian's facts are true ; the
poet's are acknowledgedly fictitious.
1845 Vestig, Creat.
(ed. 3) 150 Marsupialia, acknowledgedly low forms in their
class.
Acknowledger
LEDGE
v.
+ -EK.]
the claims
(a-kn^Ied.^).
[f.
One who acknowledges
ACKNOWor owns
of.
1535-75 ABP. PARKER Corr. 112 Ye his followers & acknow111662 HERRICK Poems
ledgers partake of this sin also.
(1844)31 And ever live a true acknowledger. i678CunwoRTH
Intell. Syst. \. iv. 186 Aristotle [was] an acknowledger of
many
gods.
Acknowledging
1
(a-kn^led^in), vbl. sb. [f. as
prec. 4 -ING .] Recognizing or admitting as true
or valid owning, confessing, or avowing.
(Now
;
mostly gerundial.)
1561 T. N[ORTON] Calvin's Instit. HI. 324 To come to the
acknowledginge of the trueth. 1591 PERCIVALL Sp. Diet.,
Conocimiento, knowledge, acknowledging, Cognitio agnitio
notitia. i6zx BIBLE Philemon 6 The acknowledging of euery
good thing. Mod. I should like to know the facts before acknowledging the letter.
t
t
t Acknowledging (a-kn^-led^in), ppl. a. Obs.
as prec. +-ING^.] Making known or expressing
[f.
regard, esteem, gratitude grateful.
only as participle.
;
.
v.
like the earlier
sattf.}
Now
(Fr. reconnais-