Lecture 22: Archaeology, Behavior, & Origins of Modern Humans
1
Stone Tool Technology (G. Clark)
2
The Oldowan
industry
Mode 1
Pebble tools
Choppers
3
1
The Acheulean industry – Mode 2; bifaces
4
Levallois point
Mousterian tools
Mode 3 – prepared cores
Levallois core and refitted flake
side scraper with retouch
5
Upper Palaeolithic – Mode 4; blades
6
2
Mode 5: Microliths
7
Lower Paleolithic (Early Stone Age)
8
Middle Paleolithic
9
3
Upper Paleolithic
10
Mode 4 industries and the
spread of modern
humans
Lewin & Foley (2003) Figure 16.9b
Aurignacian
tools – the first
Upper
Palaeolithic
industry in
Europe.
From Tattersall
(1995) The Last
Neanderthal.
Lewin & Foley (2003) Figure 16.8
11
Upper Paleolithic
12
4
European Upper Paleolithic
13
Upper Paleolithic Tools
14
Middle Stone Age of Africa
Levallois Technique
15
5
Blade Flakes
Punch Blade Technique
European Upper Paleolithic blade flakes
16
Archaeological Evidence for Modern Human Origins
Solutrean Laurel Leaf Blade
17
Mode 4 industries and the
spread of modern
humans
Aurignacian tools
18
6
Paleolithic Tool Traditions in Europe
Upper
Paleolithic
Beginning
(years
ago)
Cultural Tradition
17 000
17,000
Magdalenian
21,000
Solutrean
27,000
Gravettian
33,000
Aurignacian/Chatelperronian
Middle
Paleolithic
75,000
Mousterian
Lower
Paleolithic
700,000+
?
Acheulian
19
Contrast Between Middle & Upper Paleolithic in Europe
• Replacement (Richard Klein)
• Continuity
20
Asia: Eastern and Western
• Middle‐East
• Jebel Qafzeh, Isreal (115‐
000‐96,000 ya)
• Skhul, Mt. Carmel, Israel Skhul Mt Carmel Israel
(115,000 ya)
• Mode 3 Technologies
Skhul
21
7
African evidence
•
•
•
•
•
Blades: 240 kya
Microliths: 100 kya
Aquatic resources:MSA
Red ocher: 70 kya
Bone tools: 100 kya
Middle Stone Age Bone Tools from Africa
22
Upper Paleolithic Europe
23
Examples of early “modern” behavior in Africa?
Ochre
Shell beads
~70,000 ya
24
8
Cro‐Magnon
25
Testing the Models/New Models
Multiregional
Out-of-Africa
Multiple Dispersals
26
A New Model?
•Origin in small African
population 150 kya
•Population replacement with
limited admixture
•Origins” of modern humans not
a single
s g e event
e e t
•Multiple dispersals
•Modern humans are associated
with Mode 3 industries of Africa
•Not all archaic hominins are the
same
27
9