© 2013 Scorecard is produced by the Arab American Institute. Compiled by: Isaac Levey, Maha Sayed, and Yasmine Taeb Design: Mark Ibrahim For more information please visit www.aaiusa.org. 2013 CONGRESSIONAL SCORECARD 113th CONGRESS The Arab American Institute has compiled this Scorecard to catalogue the voting record of the 113th Congress on issues of importance to the Arab American community. Listed actions include bill proposals, enacted legislation, and Dear Colleague letters, along with additional special legislative considerations. Though not comprehensive, and though no member of Congress can be judged fairly by any single action, this guide provides a general profile of Congressional behavior that we hope will help Arab Americans better understand the actions taken by their representatives on these issues. We have attempted to provide a snapshot of legislation concerning many of the primary issues concerning Arab Americans. For the Senate, we included 7 items: 3 about civil rights and civil liberties, 1 on immigration reform, 2 on Palestine, and 1 special category regarding President Obama's nomination of Chuck Hagel. In the House, we included 15 items: 8 about civil rights and civil liberties, 4 on immigration reform, 2 on Palestine, and 1 on Syria. For several reasons, proposed legislation and Dear Colleague letters regarding developments in Syria and Egypt presented us with special problems this year. Firstly, we were confounded by the sheer volume of these efforts— most being proposed or circulated without any chance of passage. Secondly, we were concerned with the intent of some of the sponsors of these efforts—and whether they were designed to support the Syrian and Egyptian people or to play domestic partisan politics. For these reasons, we were unable to score these efforts. Instead, we simply have listed some of them with their sponsors for the reader's consideration. • February 5: Rep. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R-FL) proposed H.R. 416, bill attempting to curtail U.S. aid to the MorsiMuslim Brotherhood government in Egypt. • February 20: Rep. Kerry Bentivolio (R-MI) introduced H.R. 939, limiting aid to Egypt. • March 7: Rep. Vern Buchanan (R-FL) introduced H.R. 276, a bill suspending all foreign aid to Egypt. • April 24: Reps. Eliot Engel (D-NY) and Mike Rogers (R-MI) proposed the Free Syria Act, which would have authorized lethal military aid to the Syrian rebels. • May 8: Rep. Alcee Hastings (D-FL) sent a letter urging President Obama and Ambassador Susan Rice to push the UN Security Council to adopt a resolution creating a no-fly zone in Syria. • June 12: Reps. Frank Wolf (R-VA) and Gerry Connolly (D-VA) sent a letter to Egyptian President Mohamed Morsi, expressing concern and disappointment over the conviction and prosecution of Egyptian NGO’s. • July 18: Rep. Tom Rooney (R-FL) introduced H.R. 2501, requiring congressional authorization before any lethal aid is provided to Syrian rebels. • August 28: Rep. Scott Rigell (R-VA) sent a letter to the President strongly urging him to seek congressional authorization before militarily intervening in Syria. • August 29: Rep. Barbara Lee (D-CA) sent a letter urging the President not to take military action in Syria without first consulting Congress. • August 30: Rep. John Garamendi (D-CA) sent a letter strongly urging the President to seek congressional authorization before intervening militarily in Syria. • August 30: Rep. Rob Woodall (R-GA) sent a letter encouraging the President to discuss any possibility of military intervention in Syria with Congress. We encourage you to use this Scorecard to stay informed on the voting records of your Congressional representatives. Please visit our website (www.aaiusa.org) to view the entire history of Scorecard reports on your Congressional representatives. There are many ways to contact your Congressional representatives. The following are suggestions for using the resources available to you to communicate with Congress. More information is also available on our website at www.aaiusa.org. Online Visit our website (www.aaiusa.org) to find frequently-updated information on issues of interest to the Arab American community. The Take Action section of our website allows you to directly contact your senators and representatives. Simply pick an issue you care about and enter your zip code to get started. You will be prompted to select from a list of your representatives, and to enter your name and contact information. The action page will include sample letters and issue briefs to assist you. It’s a quick, easy, and highly effective way to make your voice heard. You can also visit the websites of your representatives at www.house.gov or www.senate.gov to find their contact information. Letters If you would like to write a personalized letter, please keep the following tips in mind: • Keep the letter concise, polite, and to-the-point • Note the name and number of a particular piece of legislation in the letter • Follow up with a phone call a week or two after sending your letter Because postal service to the US Congress is significantly slowed by security protocols, we strongly recommend that you contact your representatives by phone, fax, or e-mail. Fax and e-mail addresses can be found on the representatives' websites, or in the Handbook of the 112th Congress, available at no charge to all AAI Sustaining Members. You can also get the attention of your representatives by writing letters or op-ed pieces for your local press. For more information on effectively engaging with the media, please visit our media toolkit at www.aaiusa.org/mediatoolkit. Phone Calls Personal phone calls are a common and easy means of communicating with your member’s office. Please keep the following phone tips in mind: • Ask to speak to the relevant legislative assistant or caseworker • Always be polite • Follow up with a letter reiterating your concerns Capitol Switchboard: (202) 224-3121 2 Personal Visits A personal visit is the most effective way of communicating with your representatives, and can take place in your home state or in Washington, DC. Here are some useful tips: • Schedule a meeting with your members of Congress for three to five local Arab American community leaders. Members have very busy schedules even while in recess, and going in as a small group of prominent local leaders rather than individually both demonstrates the seriousness of your meeting request and maximizes the members' time. Call the office or send a letter outlining what issues you would like to discuss and who will be attending the meeting. • Whether you’re requesting a meeting in Washington, DC or in a field office, you may be scheduled to meet with a Congressional staff member. Staffers have considerable influence on their bosses, who rely on them for information and briefings, and also have a strong background in and understanding of the issues. Treat a meeting with a staff member as you would a meeting with your member of Congress. • E-mail or fax an issue brief or a short agenda for your meeting. This lets your members of Congress know what concerns you have, gives their staff time to do any necessary research, and lets them know that you respect their schedules and plan to keep the meeting brief. After the visit, send an email thanking the member for his/her time. Emphasize that you appreciate your representatives taking time to listen to your views and concerns, and that you look forward to continued cooperation between the member of Congress and the Arab American community in his/her district. Include a brief summary of the issues discussed and your views. More guidelines and tips for conducting a successful visit with your representative can be found on the Election Central page of AAI's website. 3 Senate Civil Rights and Civil Liberties 2013 brought a long-overdue focus to civil liberties issues in Congress. The disclosures by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden over the summer revealed government surveillance of Americans’ phone records and online activities to an unprecedented extent. There is a real possibility in the near future that we might see the first serious limits placed on national security surveillance since 1978. AAI favors efforts that strike a better balance between protecting our national security and our civil liberties. In an important and positive development on the civil rights front, there was bipartisan support in the House and Senate for changes to the FBI’s hate crimes reporting form to include attacks targeted against Arab Americans. This is a significant step in ensuring that crimes committed against our community members are effectively tracked. 1. Sen. Ben Cardin (D-MD) introduced the “End Racial Profiling Act of 2013,” S. 1038. The bill prohibits any law enforcement agent or agency from engaging in racial profiling and specifically prohibits profiling to any degree on the basis of race, ethnicity, national origin, gender, or religion. This bill is a companion to H.R. 2851. Sen. Cardin and the 16 cosponsors receive a (+). 2. Sens. Dick Durbin (D-IL) and Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) sent a letter to the FBI and the Department of Justice asking that crimes motivated by prejudice against Arab Americans, Hindus and Sikhs be formally counted and reported as hate crimes. Speaking to the ongoing fear in these communities of being the victim of a hate crime, the letter argued that the U.S. government should have a firm understanding of the magnitude of hate crimes against these populations. In June, the FBI formally agreed to begin counting these sorts of violent acts as hate crimes. The 26 Senators who signed the letter receive a (+). 3. Sen. Patrick Leahy (D-VT) introduced S. 1599, the USA Freedom Act, to put meaningful limits in place on the government’s ability to collect Americans’ private information, and reform the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC). This bill is a companion to H.R. 3361, introduced by Rep. Jim Sensenbrenner (R-WI). Sen. Leahy and the bill’s 18 cosponsors receive a (+). 4 Immigration For the first time in decades, real attempts at bipartisan, comprehensive immigration reform were led by the “Gang of Eight” in the Senate, which passed landmark comprehensive immigration legislation. Immigration continues to be an issue of great importance to the Arab American community and AAI favors comprehensive immigration reform that includes a path for undocumented immigrants to gain U.S. citizenship, while promoting a humane culture of immigration enforcement based on rule of law. 4. Sen. Chuck Schumer (D-NY) introduced S. 744, the “Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act.” The bill was the result of the efforts of the “Gang of Eight,” which included Schumer as well as Sens. John McCain (R-AZ), Dick Durbin (D-IL), Lindsey Graham (R-SC), Bob Menendez (D-NJ), Marco Rubio (R-FL), Michael Bennet (D-CO), and Jeff Flake (R-AZ). S. 744 is intended to address all aspects of the immigration process, including border and enforcement issues to legal immigration reforms. The bill addresses critical immigration issues by “finally committing the resources needed to secure the border, modernize and streamline our current legal immigration system, while creating a tough but fair legalization program for individuals who are currently here.” Its passage was a significant step towards comprehensive immigration reform. This bill is a companion to H.R. 15, introduced by Rep. Joe Garcia (D-FL). The bill passed, 68-32. Yes votes receive a (+); no votes receive a (-). Palestine 2013 was yet another frustrating year for the prospects of peace between Israelis and Palestinians. US Secretary of State John Kerry made a fresh attempt to restart talks between Israel and the Palestinian Authority, but Israel publicly undermined any possible progress by continuing to build illegal settlements in the occupied West Bank. Instead of advancing peace efforts, some key congressional initiatives focused on granting Israel rights that it continues to deny U.S. citizens. 5. Sen. Barbara Boxer (D-CA) introduced S. 462, the ‘United States-Israel Strategic Partnership Act,’ which, like Rep. Sherman’s bill mentioned above, grants Israel recognition into the visa waiver program even though it doesn’t meet that program’s general requirements. The bill includes a very troubling 6. Sen. Marco Rubio (R-FL) introduced S. 1313, the ‘United Nations Transparency, Accountability, and Reform Act of 2013,’ which would put serious limits on the United States’ relations with the United Nations as a result of the UN’s recognition of a Palestinian state. It would prohibit the U.S. from working with, or participating in, any UN agency that recognized a Palestinian state, and essentially would dissociate the U.S. from the UN Human Rights Council. Sen. Rubio and the 4 cosponsors of S. 1313 receive a (-). Special 7. Senate Republicans attempted to filibuster President Obama’s nomination of Chuck Hagel to be Secretary of Defense, preventing an up-ordown vote on Hagel’s confirmation. The filibuster largely reflected Senate Republicans’ objections over comments Hagel made criticizing the U.S. mission in Iraq; his public support for a diplomatic resolution to Iran’s nuclear program; and above all, that he was not as “pro-Israel” as they would like. Disagreement on these issues deteriorated into anti-Arab rhetoric when an issue was made of Secretary Hagel's appearance before Arab American audiences, including AAI’s Gibran gala. The vote for cloture that would have ended debate on Hagel’s confirmation failed to receive the 60 required votes and he was ultimately confirmed as Secretary of Defense. The 58 Senators who voted for cloture receive a (+); the 40 who voted to continue the filibuster, and the 1 who voted “present,” receive a (-). Note: Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV) supported ending the filibuster, but switched his vote to a "no" as a procedural matter in order to invoke cloture again. For this he receives a (+). 5 Senate exemption that would lessen the standards of reciprocity that Israel would have to meet to be admitted into the U.S. Visa Waiver Program by exempting Israel from offering full reciprocity to U.S. citizens. This is a stark departure from the general principle of reciprocity in travel privileges that we apply to all other nations in the program. And given Israel’s long-held practice of detaining and denying entry to Arab Americans at the border, this exemption will implicitly sanction the discriminatory treatment of U.S. citizens traveling to Israel and Palestine. Sen. Boxer and the 53 cosponsors of this bill receive a (-). House Civil Rights and Civil Liberties 2013 brought a long-overdue focus to civil liberties issues in Congress. The disclosures by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden over the summer revealed government surveillance of Americans’ phone records and online activities to an unprecedented extent. There is a real possibility in the near future that we might see the first serious limits placed on national security surveillance since 1978. AAI favors efforts that strike a better balance between protecting our national security and our civil liberties. In an important and positive development on the civil rights front, there was bipartisan support in the House and Senate for changes to the FBI’s hate crimes reporting form to include attacks targeted against Arab Americans. This is a significant step in ensuring that crimes committed against our community members are effectively tracked. Authorization for the Use of Military Force (AUMF). The Smith-Gibson Amendment would have required any person detained under AUMF authority in the United States, its territories, or possessions, to be immediately processed for trial and proceedings in an ordinary civilian court. The amendment failed, 200-226. Yes votes receive a (+); no votes receive a (-). 1. Rep. Jared Polis (D-CO) introduced an amendment to the House DHS Appropriations bill to eliminate operations under Section 287(g) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, which allows state law enforcement officers to enforce federal immigration law. Section 287(g) was intended to capture criminals who threaten communities or national security, but has been widely criticized as a costly and ineffective program that promotes racial profiling and discriminatory law enforcement. The amendment failed, 180-245. Yes votes receive a (+); no votes receive a (-). 6. Reps. Justin Amash (R-MI) and John Conyers (D-MI) introduced a bi-partisan amendment to H.R. 2397, the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, which would have ended the authority for the bulk collection of phone records under Section 215 of the Patriot Act. The Amash-Conyers amendment would have allowed the National Security Agency (NSA) to continue collecting phone records of suspects, but only when relevant to an antiterrorism investigation under Section 215. The amendment failed, 205-217. Yes votes receive a (+); no votes receive a (-). 2. Rep. Bennie Thompson (D-MS) offered an amendment to the House DHS Appropriations bill eliminating funding for a Transportation Security Administration (TSA) program known as Screening Passengers by Observation Techniques (SPOT). In addition to the history of racial profiling allegations associated with the SPOT program, a report from the DHS Inspector General found that “TSA cannot ensure that passengers at U.S. airports are screened objectively, show that the program is cost-effective, or reasonably justify the program’s expansion.” The amendment failed, 146-280. Yes votes receive a (+); no votes receive a (-). 7. Rep. Joe Crowley (D-NY) sent a letter to the FBI and the Department of Justice asking that crimes motivated by prejudice against Arab Americans, Hindus and Sikhs be formally counted and reported as hate crimes. Speaking to the ongoing fear in these communities of being the victim of a hate crime, the letter argued that the U.S. government should have a firm understanding of the magnitude of hate crimes against these populations. In June, the FBI formally agreed to begin counting these sorts of violent acts as hate crimes. The 109 Members who signed the letter receive a (+). 3. Rep. John Conyers (D-MI) introduced the “End Racial Profiling Act of 2013,” H.R. 2851. The bill prohibits any law enforcement agent or agency from engaging in racial profiling and specifically prohibits profiling to any degree on the basis of race, ethnicity, national origin, gender, or religion. This bill is a companion to S. 1038, introduced by Sen. Ben Cardin (D-MD). Rep. Conyers and the bill’s 47 cosponsors receive a (+). 4. Reps. Adam Smith (D-WA) and Chris Gibson (R-NY) offered a bipartisan amendment to Section 1021 of the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for 2014 (H.R. 1960), the annual authorization bill for the Department of Defense. The amendment would have outlawed military detention of any person in the United States under the 6 5. Reps. Adam Smith (D-WA), Jim Moran (D-VA), and Jerry Nadler (D-NY) proposed an amendment to the NDAA that provided a framework to close the detention facility at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba by December 1, 2014. The Amendment included a six-part plan to initiate the process of closing Guantanamo, as the President has repeatedly requested. The amendment failed, 174-249. Yes votes receive a (+); no votes receive a (-). 8. Rep. Jim Sensenbrenner (R-WI) introduced the USA Freedom Act, H.R. 3361, in response to the troubling disclosures over the summer about the bulk collection of Americans’ phone records. The bipartisan Freedom Act would restore common-sense limitations to surveillance, requiring it to be done in the context of an actual antiterrorism investigation. This bill is a companion to S. 1599, introduced by Sen. Patrick Leahy (D-VT). Rep. Sensenbrenner and the bill’s 98 cosponsors receive a (+). Immigration Although the Senate passed landmark comprehensive immigration legislation, the House of Representatives has shown no desire to make similar progress. The Speaker 9. Rep. Steve King (R-IA) introduced an amendment to H.R. 2217, the annual appropriations bill that funds the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), to reverse President Obama’s decision to suspend the deportation of four classes of undocumented immigrants, commonly known as DREAMers. The King Amendment would prevent the continued implementation of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) initiative, which has permitted hundreds of thousands of undocumented youths to live, study, and work in the U.S. without the fear of deportation. The amendment passed, 224-201. No votes receive a (+); yes votes receive a (-). 10. Rep. Judy Chu (D-CA) sent a letter to congressional leadership advocating that comprehensive immigration reform must protect essential civil rights and civil liberties guaranteed under the Constitution. The 36 Representatives who signed the letter receive a (+). 11. Reps. Joe Garcia (D-FL) and Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) introduced H.R. 15, the “Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act.” The bill addresses critical immigration issues by committing the resources needed to secure the border, modernizing and streamlining our current legal immigration system, while creating a tough but fair legalization program for individuals who are currently here. This bill is a companion to S. 744. Reps. Garcia, Pelosi, and the bill’s 190 other cosponsors receive a (+). 12. Rep. Trey Gowdy (R-SC) introduced the SAFE Act, H.R. 2278, a bill that suffers from a single-minded focus on immigration enforcement and will increase detentions and deportations, create an environment of rampant racial profiling and unconstitutional detentions, and criminalize 11 million undocumented immigrants. Rep. Gowdy and the bill’s 33 cosponsors receive a (-). Palestine 2013 was yet another frustrating year for the prospects of peace between Israelis and Palestinians. US Secretary of State John Kerry made a fresh attempt to restart talks between Israel and the Palestinian Authority, but Israel publicly undermined any possible progress by continuing to build illegal settlements in the occupied West Bank. Instead of advancing peace efforts, some key congressional initiatives focused on granting Israel rights that it continues to deny U.S. citizens. 13. Rep. Brad Sherman (D-CA) introduced H.R. 300, the ‘Visa Waiver for Israel Act,’ which would exempt Israeli travelers from obtaining a visa before entering the United States. The bill includes a very troubling exemption that would lessen the standards of reciprocity that Israel would have to meet to be admitted into the U.S. Visa Waiver Program by exempting Israel from offering full reciprocity to U.S. citizens. This is a stark departure from the general principle of reciprocity in travel privileges that we apply to all other nations in the program. And given Israel’s long-held practice of detaining and denying entry to Arab Americans at the border, this exemption will implicitly sanction the discriminatory treatment of U.S. citizens traveling to Israel and Palestine. Rep. Sherman and the 76 cosponsors of the bill receive a (-). 14. Rep. Trent Franks (R-AZ) introduced H.R. 2846, the ‘Recognition of Jerusalem as the Capital of the State of Israel Act,’ and Rep. Scott Garrett (R-NJ) introduced H.R. 104, the ‘Jerusalem Embassy and Recognition Act.’ The bills would “officially” recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and require that the U.S. Embassy in Israel be moved there. This contradicts uniform American policy since Israel’s founding in 1948, because the U.S. (along with every other nation that recognizes Israel) considers Tel Aviv the capital. According to a recent decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, the power to recognize a foreign sovereign belongs exclusively to the President, meaning these bills would be unconstitutional if it were enacted. The 31 sponsors and cosponsors of these bills receive a (-). Syria The ongoing crisis in Syria has left over 115,000 dead and has created the worst refugee crisis since Vietnam, with two million fleeing Syria and four million internally displaced. Syria’s political instability has spilled over and threatened neighboring countries including Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey. AAI supports efforts to provide relief and alleviate the refugee crisis. 15. Rep. Alcee Hastings (D-FL) sent a letter to National Security Adviser Susan Rice, urging her to work with the Department of State and the US Agency for International Development (USAID) to establish partnerships with Syrian refugee and relief organizations. They would provide resources to Syrian groups to help innocent Syrians displaced by the tragic civil war. The 19 Members who signed the letter receive a (+). 7 House has ruled out the possibility of any serious reform efforts this year. However, immigration continues to be an issue of great importance to the Arab American community. AAI favors comprehensive immigration reform that includes a path for undocumented immigrants to gain U.S. citizenship, while promoting a humane culture of immigration enforcement based on rule of law. 1 2 3 4 5 6 LL IB ER TI IM ES MI GR PA AT LE IO ST N IN SP E EC IA L CI VI LL IB ER TI IM ES MI GR PA AT LE IO ST N IN SP E EC IA L CI VI Senate 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 KENTUCKY ALABAMA Richard Shelby (R) - - Mitch McConnell (R) - - Jeff Sessions (R) - - Rand Paul (R) - - Lisa Murkowski (I-R) + + - + Mary Landrieu (D) + - + Mark Begich (D) + + - + David Vitter (R) - John McCain (R) + - Jeff Flake (R) + LOUISIANA ALASKA MAINE ARIZONA - - Susan Collins (R) + - + Angus King (I-D) + + MARYLAND ARKANSAS Mark Pryor (D) + - + Barbara Mikulski (D) + + - + John Boozman (R) - - Ben Cardin (D) + + + - + - MASSACHUSETTS CALIFORNIA + Dianne Feinstein (D) Barbara Boxer (D) + + + + John Kerry (D) (until 2/1/13) + - + Elizabeth Warren (D) COLORADO + + Mark Udall (D) + + - + Richard Blumenthal (D) + + + + - + Chris Murphy (D) + + + + + + - + Bill Nelson (D) + + Marco Rubio (R) + - Michael Bennet (D) + + - - Johnny Isakson (R) - - - + + - + + + - + Amy Klobuchar (D) + + - + Al Franken (D) + + + Thad Cochran (R) - Roger Wicker (R) - + + + + + - Roy Blunt (R) - - Jim Risch (R) - - - + - - + - + + Mike Johanns (R) - + Deb Fischer (R) - - - NEVADA - ILLINOIS + + + + - - Jeanne Shaheen (D) + + Kelly Ayotte (R) + - - Harry Reid (D) + + + + - NEBRASKA IDAHO - - + + - Jon Tester (D) + Mike Crapo (R) + - Claire McCaskill (D) Max Baucus (D) Brian Schatz (D) Dick Durbin (D) + + MONTANA HAWAII Mazie Hirono (D) + + Debbie Stabenow (D) MISSOURI - - Carl Levin (D) MISSISSIPPI GEORGIA Saxby Chambliss (R) + - MINNESOTA FLORIDA - + MICHIGAN DELAWARE Tom Carper (D) + + Ed Markey (D) (beginning 7/13) CONNECTICUT Chris Coons (D) + + + + Mo Cowan (D) (2/13-7/13) + + Dean Heller (R) NEW HAMPSHIRE + - - Dan Coats (R) - - Joe Donnelly (D) + - + Frank Lautenberg (D) (until 6/13) + + + - - Bob Menendez (D) + + + + + + Jeffrey Chiesa (R) (6/13-10/13) Mark Kirk (R) INDIANA NEW JERSEY IOWA Chuck Grassley (R) Tom Harkin (D) + + - + KANSAS + Cory Booker (D) (beginning 10/13) Pat Roberts (R) - - - NEW MEXICO Jerry Moran (R) - - - Tom Udall (D) 8 + + + + LL IB ER TI IM ES MI GR PA AT LE IO ST N IN SP E EC IA L CI VI LL IB ER TI IM ES MI GR PA AT LE IO ST N IN SP E EC IA L CI VI + + + - + + + - + + + + - + Richard Burr (R) - - - Kay Hagan (D) + - + John Hoeven (R) + - - Heidi Heitkamp (D) + - + + + - - Jim Inhofe (R) - - Tom Coburn (R) - - Mark Warner (D) + + - + Tim Kaine (D) + + - + WASHINGTON Bob Casey, Jr. (D) + - + Pat Toomey (R) - - + + + - + Lindsey Graham (R) + - - Tim Scott (R) - - SOUTH DAKOTA Chuck Schumer (D) Kirsten Gillibrand (D) Tim Johnson (D) + - + John Thune (R) - - TENNESSEE NORTH CAROLINA Lamar Alexander (R) + - Bob Corker (R) + - TEXAS NORTH DAKOTA John Cornyn (R) - - Ted Cruz (R) - - - + - - Orrin Hatch (R) + Rob Portman (R) Jeff Merkley (D) + + + + + + + + Patty Murray (D) + + + Maria Cantwell (D) + + + Jay Rockefeller (D) + + Joe Manchin (D) + - + VIRGINIA WEST VIRGINIA RHODE ISLAND + Sheldon Whitehouse (D) WISCONSIN SOUTH CAROLINA - - + + + + Mike Enzi (R) - - John Barrasso (R) - - Ron Johnson (R) Tammy Baldwin (D) IL 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 IM CI V IM LI MI GR BE RT I AT IO N PA LE ST IN SY E RI A RT I BE LI IL CI V 1 2 3 4 ES WYOMING ES House - - + Bernie Sanders (I-D) PENNSYLVANIA Jack Reed (D) - + + + Patrick Leahy (D) + - VERMONT OREGON 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ARIZONA ALABAMA + + + - - + + 2 Ron Barber (D) - + - - + + 3 Raul Grijalva (D) + + + + + + + + + - 4 Paul Gosar (R) - - + - + - - 5 Matt Salmon (R) - - - - + - 6 David Schweikert (R) - - - - + + - 7 Ed Pastor (D) + + + + + + 8 Trent Franks (R) - + - - - - 9 Kyrsten Sinema (D) + + + - - + 1 Jo Bonner (R) (until 8/13) - - - - - - 1 Ann Kirkpatrick (D) 2 Martha Roby (R) - - - - - - 3 Mike Rogers (R) - - - - - - 4 Robert Aderholt (R) - - - - - 5 Mo Brooks (R) - - - - - 6 Spencer Bachus (R) - 7 Terri Sewell (D) - + + - - + + + + - + + ALASKA AL Don Young (R) + - Mike Lee (R) OKLAHOMA Ron Wyden (D) - UTAH OHIO Sherrod Brown (D) - AT IO N PA LE ST IN SY E RI A Martin Heinrich (D) NEW YORK MI GR Senate - - - - + + - 9 - - - + + - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ARKANSAS 1 2 3 4 + 46 Loretta Sanchez (D) + + - + + + 47 Alan Lowenthal (D) + + + + + + + + + + 48 Dana Rohrabacher (R) - - - - + + - 49 Darrell Issa (R) - - - - - + - 50 Duncan D. Hunter (R) - - - - - + - 51 Juan Vargas (D) + + + + - + + + 52 Scott Peters (D) + - + + - + + 53 Susan Davis (D) + - + + - + + + + - - - - - - 2 Tim Griffin (R) - - - - + + - 3 Steve Womack (R) - - - - - - 4 Tom Cotton (R) - - - - - - 1 Doug LaMalfa (R) - - - - + + - 2 Jared Huffman (D) + + + + + + + + 3 John Garamendi (D) + - + + + + + + + 4 Tom McClintock (R) - - + - + 5 Mike Thompson (D) + - + + - 6 Doris Matsui (D) + + + + + + 7 Ami Bera (D) + + 8 Paul Cook (R) - - 9 Jerry McNerney (D) + - + + - + + 10 Jeff Denham (R) - - 11 George Miller (D) + - + + + + + 12 Nancy Pelosi (D) + + 13 Barbara Lee (D) + + + + + + + + + + + CONNECTICUT 14 Jackie Speier (D) + + + + + + + + + 15 Eric Swalwell (D) + + + + + + + + 16 Jim Costa (D) + - - + - + + + 17 Mike Honda (D) + + + + + + + + + + + 18 Anna Eshoo (D) + - + + + + + + + 19 Zoe Lofgren (D) + + + + + + + + + + 20 Sam Farr (D) + + + + + + + + + + 21 David Valadao (R) - - - - - + + 22 Devin Nunes (R) - - - - - + Eleanor Holmes Norton (D) 23 Kevin McCarthy (R) - - - - - - FLORIDA 24 Lois Capps (D) + - + + + + + 25 Howard "Buck" McKeon (R) - - - 26 Julia Brownley (D) + + 27 Judy Chu (D) + + + 28 Adam Schiff (D) + - + + + + + 29 Tony Cardenas (D) + + + + + + + + + 30 Brad Sherman (D) + - + + + + + 31 Gary Miller (R) - - - 32 Grace Napolitano (D) + - + + + + + + + 33 Henry Waxman (D) + - + + + + + 34 Xavier Becerra (D) + - + + + 35 Gloria Negrete McLeod (D) + + + + 36 Raul Ruiz (D) + - + - 37 Karen Bass (D) - - + - - + + COLORADO + + 1 Diana DeGette (D) + + + + + + + + - + + + + 2 Jared Polis (D) + + + + + + + + + + 3 Scott Tipton (R) - + + - + - + 4 Cory Gardner (R) - - - - + - + + 5 Doug Lamborn (R) - + - - + - + + 6 Mike Coffman (R) - - - + + - + + 7 Ed Perlmutter (D) + - + + + + + 1 John Larson (D) + + + + + + + 2 Joe Courtney (D) + - + + + + + 3 Rosa DeLauro (D) + - + + + + + + 4 James Himes (D) + - + + - + + 5 Elizabeth Esty (D) + + + + - + + + - + + - + + - - - - + + - - - + + - + + + - + - - + AL John Carney (D) + + + + 1 Jeff Miller (R) - - - - - - 2 Steve Southerland (R) - - - - + - - - + - + + - - + + + + + + - 4 Ander Crenshaw (R) - - - - 5 Corrine Brown (D) + + + + - + 6 Ron DeSantis (R) - - - - + - 7 John Mica (R) - + - - + + - 8 Bill Posey (R) - - + - + - 9 Alan Grayson (D) + + + + + + + + 10 Daniel Webster (R) - - - - - - + + - + + - - - - 11 Rich Nugent (R) - - - - + + 12 Gus Bilirakis (R) - - - - - + + 13 C.W. Bill Young (R) (until 10/13) - - - - - + + + + + + + + + 14 Kathy Castor (D) + - + + - + 38 Linda Sanchez (D) + + + + + + + + 15 Dennis Ross (R) - - - - + - 39 Ed Royce (R) - - - 16 Vern Buchanan (R) - - - - + + - 40 Lucille Roybal-Allard (D) + + + + + + + + 17 Tom Rooney (R) - - - - - - 41 Mark Takano (D) + + + + + + + + + 18 Patrick Murphy (D) + - + - - + 42 Ken Calvert (R) - - - - 19 Trey Radel (R) - - - + - 43 Maxine Waters (D) + + + + + + + 20 Alcee Hastings (D) + + - - - - + PA LE ST IN SY E RI A - - - - - + 3 Ted Yoho (R) - - DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA - + + DELAWARE + - + - - + + - + 45 John Campbell (R) CALIFORNIA - IM MI G + + + + 1 Rick Crawford (R) - 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 + - 44 Janice Hahn (D) - RA TI ON ES VI CI IM MI G PA LE ST IN SY E RI A LL IB ER TI RA TI ON ES LL IB ER TI CI VI House 10 - + + + + - + - + + - - + - + + + + - + + 1 2 3 4 + + + + + + + + + 22 Lois Frankel (D) + - + + - + + 23 Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D) + - + + - + + + - 24 Frederica Wilson (D) + + + + + - + + + + - 25 Mario Diaz-Balart (R) - 26 Joe Garcia (D) 27 Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R) - - - + - + - - + + + - - - - - + 1 Jack Kingston (R) - + - - + - 2 Sanford Bishop (D) + + + + + - + 3 Lynn Westmoreland (R) - - 4 Henry 'Hank' Johnson (D) + + 5 John Lewis (D) + + + 6 Tom Price (R) - - - - + - 7 Rob Woodall (R) - - - - - - 8 Austin Scott (R) - - - - - - 9 Doug Collins (R) - - - - - - 10 Paul Broun (R) - + + - + 11 Phil Gingrey (R) - - - - - 12 John Barrow (D) - - - - - - 13 David Scott (D) + + + + - + 14 Tom Graves (R) - - - + - + + - GEORGIA - - - - - IM MI G 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2 Jackie Walorski (R) - - - - - - 3 Marlin Stutzman (R) - + - - - - 4 Todd Rokita (R) - - - - 5 Susan Brooks (R) - - - - - 6 Luke Messer (R) - + - - - 7 Andre Carson (D) + + + + + + + + 8 Larry Bucshon (R) - - - - - - 9 Todd Young (R) - - - - - - + - + + + + + + + - + - + + 1 Bruce Braley (D) + - + + + + + 2 David Loebsack (D) + - + + + + + 3 Tom Latham (R) - - - - - - 4 Steve King (R) - - - - - + - KANSAS - 1 Tim Huelskamp (R) - + + - + 2 Lynn Jenkins (R) - - - - + - 3 Kevin Yoder (R) - - - - + + - - 4 Mike Pompeo (R) - - - - - - KENTUCKY 1 Ed Whitfield (R) - - - - - 2 Brett Guthrie (R) - - - - - 3 John Yarmuth (D) + + + + + + 4 Thomas Massie (R) - + + - + + - - + + - HAWAII - - - + - + + - + + + 5 Harold Rogers (R) - - - - - - 2 Tulsi Gabbard (D) + + + + + + + + + 6 Andy Barr (R) - - - - - - 1 Raul Labrador (R) - - + - + 1 Steve Scalise (R) - - - - + - 2 Michael Simpson (R) - - - 2 Cedric Richmond (D) + + + + + + + + 3 Charles Boustany (R) - + - - - - 4 John Fleming (R) - + - - + - 5 Rodney Alexander (R) (until 9/13) - + - - - - 6 Bill Cassidy (R) - - - + - IDAHO - - 1 Colleen Hanabusa (D) + LOUISIANA - - + - - - ILLINOIS 1 Bobby Rush (D) + + + + + + + + 2 Robin Kelly (D) + + + + - + + 3 Daniel Lipinski (D) - - + 4 Luis Gutierrez (D) + 5 Mike Quigley (D) + + + + - 6 Peter Roskam (R) - - - - 7 Danny Davis (D) + + + + + + + + 8 Tammy Duckworth (D) + + + + 9 Jan Schakowsky (D) + + + + + - + + + + - 10 Brad Schneider (D) + - + - - + + 11 Bill Foster (D) + + + - - + + 12 William Enyart (D) + - + + - + + 13 Rodney L. Davis (R) - - - - + - 14 Randy Hultgren (R) - - - - + - 15 John Shimkus (R) - - + - - 16 Adam Kinzinger (R) - - - - 17 Cheri Bustos (D) - - + + + 18 Aaron Schock (R) - - - - - - - + + + - + - - + + - + - + + + + + + - + + - - - MAINE 1 Chellie Pingree (D) + + + + + + + + + 2 Michael Michaud (D) + + + + + + 1 Andy Harris (R) - - - + - 2 C.A. Dutch Ruppersberger (D) + - - + - + + - 3 John Sarbanes (D) + - + + + + + + - 4 Donna Edwards (D) + + + + + + 5 Steny Hoyer (D) + - + + - + + 6 John Delaney (D) + - + + - + + 7 Elijah Cummings (D) + + + + + + + + + + - 8 Chris Van Hollen (D) + - + + + - + + + - MASSACHUSSETTS 1 Richard Neal (D) + + + + + + 2 Jim McGovern (D) + + + + + + + + + 3 Niki Tsongas (D) + - + + + + + + 4 Joseph P. Kennedy III (D) + - + + - + + + INDIANA 1 Peter Visclosky (D) - IOWA + + - + + + + + - + RA TI ON PA LE ST IN SY E RI A ES CI VI IM MI G 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 21 Theodore Deutch (D) - LL IB ER TI RA TI ON PA LE ST IN SY E RI A ES LL IB ER TI CI VI House + - + + - MARYLAND - - - 11 - + + - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 + 5 Ed Markey (D) (until 7/13) + - - - - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + + 3 Adrian Smith (R) 7 Mike Capuano (D) + + + + + + + + + NEVADA 8 Stephen Lynch (D) + + + + + + + + 9 Bill Keating (D) + - + + + + + MICHIGAN 1 Dina Titus (D) + - + + - + 2 Mark Amodei (R) - - - - + 3 Joe Heck (R) - - - - - + 1 Dan Benishek (R) - + - - - - 4 Steven Horsford (D) 2 Bill Huizenga (R) - - - + - NEW HAMPSHIRE 3 Justin Amash (R) - + + + + + - 4 Dave Camp (R) - - 5 Dale Kildee (D) + + + + + + + 6 Fred Upton (R) - - - - - - + 7 Tim Walberg (R) - - - - - - 8 Mike Rogers (R) - - - - - - 9 Sander Levin (D) + - 10 Candice Miller (R) - 11 Kerry Bentivolio (R) - + 12 John Dingell (D) + - + + + + + + + 13 John Conyers (D) + - + + + + + + + + 14 Gary Peters (D) - - - + - + - - + - - + - + + - - + + - - + + + + + MINNESOTA + 2 Frank LoBiondo (R) - - - - 3 Jon Runyan (R) - - - - - - 4 Christopher Smith (R) - - - - + + - 5 Scott Garrett (R) - - - - + 6 Frank Pallone (D) + + + 9 Bill Pascrell (D) + + + + + + + + 10 Donald Payne (D) - + + + + - + + 11 Rodney Frelinghuysen (R) - - - + + - - 12 Rush Holt (D) - NEW MEXICO 4 Betty McCollum (D) + + + + + + + + + 5 Keith Ellison (D) + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + 1 Michelle Lujan Grisham (D) + - + + + 2 Steve Pearce (R) - + - 3 Ben Ray Lujan (D) + + + + + + + + 1 Timothy Bishop (D) + - + + - + + 2 Peter King (R) - - - 3 Steve Israel (D) + - - + - - + - - - + + - + + + + 3 Gregg Harper (R) - - - - - - 5 Gregory Meeks (D) + + + + + - + + 4 Steven Palazzo (R) - - - - - - 6 Grace Meng (D) + - + + - + + + + 7 Nydia Velazquez (D) + + + + + + 8 Hakeem Jeffries (D) + + + + + + + + MISSOURI 1 William Lacy Clay (D) + + + + + + + + 2 Ann Wagner (R) - - - - - - 9 Yvette Clarke (D) + + + + + + 3 Blaine Luetkemeyer (R) - - - - - - 10 Jerrold Nadler (D) + - + + + + + + + 4 Vicky Hartzler (R) - - - - - - 11 Michael Grimm (R) - 5 Emanuel Cleaver (D) + + + + + + - - - - - 7 Billy Long (R) - - - - - + - 8 Jo Ann Emerson (R) (until 1/13) - 8 Jason T. Smith (R) (6/13) - - + + - MONTANA AL Steve Daines (R) - - - - + - - - - + - NEBRASKA 1 Jeff Fortenberry (R) - - + 4 Carolyn McCarthy (D) + + + - + + + - + + + + + + - 13 Charles Rangel (D) + + + + + + + + + - 14 Joe Crowley (D) + - + + 15 Jose E. Serrano (D) + + + + + + + + + + 16 Eliot Engel (D) + - + + - + + + 17 Nita Lowey (D) + - + + - + + 18 Sean Patrick Maloney (D) + - - - + + 19 Chris Gibson (R) - + - + + - 20 Paul Tonko (D) + + 12 + + + + - + + + + + - - - - - - 12 Carolyn Maloney (D) - - + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + - + 2 Bennie Thompson (D) 6 Sam Graves (R) - NEW YORK + MISSISSIPPI 1 Alan Nunnelee (R) - + - 8 Rick Nolan (D) - + + - + - - - - - - + + - - + 8 Albio Sires (D) - - - + + 7 Leonard Lance (R) - - + + + - + - - + - - + + + + - - - + - + - - - + 1 Robert Andrews (D) - + + - + NEW JERSEY 3 Erik Paulsen (R) + + - + + + 2 John Kline (R) + - + + + + + 7 Collin Peterson (D) + - + + + + + + - 2 Ann McLane Kuster (D) + - + + + - 1 Carol Shea-Porter (D) 1 Tim Walz (D) 6 Michele Bachmann (R) + PA LE ST IN SY E RI A 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 - + - + IM MI G 1 2 3 4 2 Lee Terry (R) 6 John Tierney (D) - RA TI ON ES VI CI IM MI G PA LE ST IN SY E RI A LL IB ER TI RA TI ON ES LL IB ER TI CI VI House + - + - + 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 - + - - + + 22 Richard Hanna (R) - - - - - - 23 Thomas Reed (R) - - - - - - 24 Daniel Maffei (D) + + + - + + 25 Louise Slaughter (D) + + + + - + + 26 Brian Higgins (D) + + + + - + + 27 Chris Collins (R) - - - - - RA TI ON PA LE ST IN SY E RI A ES IM MI G CI VI IM MI G 1 2 3 4 21 Bill Owens (D) - LL IB ER TI RA TI ON PA LE ST IN SY E RI A ES LL IB ER TI CI VI House 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 - 2 Greg Walden (R) - - - 3 Earl Blumenauer (D) + + + + + + + + + + 4 Peter DeFazio (D) + + + + + + + + + 5 Kurt Schrader (D) - + + + + + + + PENNSYLVANIA 1 Bob Brady (D) + + + + + + + 2 Chaka Fattah (D) + + + + + + 3 Mike Kelly (R) - - - - - - 4 Scott Perry (R) - - - - + + - 5 Glenn Thompson (R) - - - - + + - 6 Jim Gerlach (R) - - - - - - 7 Patrick Meehan (R) - - - - - - 8 Michael Fitzpatrick (R) - - - - + + - 9 Bill Shuster (R) - - - - - - - - + - NORTH CAROLINA - - - - 1 G.K. Butterfield (D) + + + + - + 2 Renee Ellmers (R) - - - - 3 Walter Jones (R) - + + - + + - 4 David Price (D) + - + + - + + 5 Virginia Foxx (R) - - - - - 6 Howard Coble (R) - - - - 7 Mike McIntyre (D) - - - - - - 10 Tom Marino (R) - - - - 8 Richard Hudson (R) - - - - - - 11 Lou Barletta (R) - - - - - - - - 12 Keith Rothfus (R) - - - - + - 13 Allyson Schwartz (D) + - + + - + + - 14 Michael Doyle (D) + + + + + + + - 15 Charles Dent (R) - - - - - - 16 Joseph Pitts (R) - - - - - - 17 Matt Cartwright (D) + + + + + + + + - 18 Timothy F. Murphy (R) - - - 9 Robert Pittenger (R) - - + - - - + - - + - - + - 12 Melvin Watt (D) + + + + + + 13 George Holding (R) - - - - - - 11 Mark Meadows (R) - - + - 10 Patrick McHenry (R) - + - + - NORTH DAKOTA AL Kevin Cramer (R) - - - - + - - OHIO - - - - + - 2 Brad Wenstrup (R) - - - - - 3 Joyce Beatty (D) + + + + + + 4 Jim Jordan (R) - + - - + - 5 Bob Latta (R) - - - - - - 6 Bill Johnson (R) - - - - + - 7 Bob Gibbs (R) - - - - - - - + - - + + + + - 10 Mike Turner (R) - - 11 Marcia Fudge (D) + + + + 12 Patrick Tiberi (R) - 13 Tim Ryan (D) - + + + + + + + + 2 James Langevin (D) + + + + - + + 1 Mark Sanford (R) - + + - + + - 2 Joe Wilson (R) - - - - + - - 3 Jeff Duncan (R) - + - - + + - 4 Trey Gowdy (R) - + - - + + - + 5 Mick Mulvaney (R) - + - - + + - 6 Jim Clyburn (D) + + + + + + - - - - + - - + - - - - - - - 7 Tom Rice (R) + + + + SOUTH DAKOTA - - + - + + - + 14 David Joyce (R) - - - - - - 15 Steve Stivers (R) - - - - - - 16 James Renacci (R) - - - - - - 1 Jim Bridenstine (R) - - - - + - 2 Markwayne Mullin (R) - - - - + + - 3 Frank Lucas (R) - - - - - - 4 Tom Cole (R) - - - - - 5 James Lankford (R) - - - - - - - - + 1 David Cicilline (D) - + AL Kristi Noem (R) 1 David "Phil" Roe (R) - - + + - 2 Jimmy Duncan (R) - + + + + - 3 Charles Fleischmann (R) - - - - + - 4 Scott DesJarlais (R) - - - - + - 5 Jim Cooper (D) - + + + - + 6 Diane Black (R) - - - - + - 7 Marsha Blackburn (R) - + - - + - - 8 Stephen Fincher (R) - - - + - - 9 Steve Cohen (D) + + + + + + + OREGON - - + TENNESSEE - OKLAHOMA - - + + TEXAS + + + + + + + + + SOUTH CAROLINA - 8 John Boehner (R) 1 Suzanne Bonamici (D) - - RHODE ISLAND 1 Steve Chabot (R) 9 Marcy Kaptur (D) - - 1 Louie Gohmert (R) 13 - - - - + + - - 1 2 3 4 RA TI ON PA LE ST IN SY E RI A ES IM MI G CI VI PA LE ST IN SY E RI A IM MI G 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6 Bob Goodlatte (R) - + - - - - - 7 Eric Cantor (R) - - - - - - + - 8 James Moran (D) + - + + + + + + + + - - - - 9 H. 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