-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 5 -W-Ø˛ 2011
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
A.Yakaiah, Nellikudur.
a)
Q. I wonder if you could clarify many of my doubts in
English.
Differentiate between anomalous & Non anomalous
Verbs
have, has and had
do, does and did
shall, should, will, would, can, could, may,
might, must, need, ought, dare, and used
to.
day before. Look at
the following example:
ÂÆjéπûª PLp
A. Sand sculpture; sand sculptor.
Q. Speaker & Narrator & Author..
A. Speaker = A person who makes a speech
on any subject/ A person who speaks
(´éπh,
´÷ö«x-úË-¢√®Ω’)
Narrator = One who narrates (tells a story,
reports an event, etc)
A. Anomalous verbs - their correct name is
'Anomalous finites' are:
am, is, are, was and were
b)
ÂÆjéπûª P©pç
(éπü∑¿-èπ◊úø’)
D.S. : Kamala said, 'I
meet
(simple
present)
my
friend often.'.
I.S. : Kamala said that
she met (simple past) often.
author = writer
Q. As we know that when reporting verb is in
past tense the corresponding reported
clause/ verbs if it is in simple past tense
converted in to past perfect. Sometimes,
simple past remains as it is.
A reported verb in the simple past in direct
speech remains as it is even in the indirect
speech, only if the reporting verb (verb outside the quotations) is in the present/ the
future tense
D.S.: Kamala says, 'I went there yesterday'.
e.g.: Raju said, 'I went to movie yesterday.'
They are also called, auxiliary or defective verbs. Except am, is, are, was, were,
have, has, do, the other verbs can't be used
independently. Negatives, however, can be
2
Here the reporting verb 'says' is in the present tense. So the tense of the reported
verb, 'went' (simple past) remains as it is.
Raju said that he went to movie yesterday.
is it correct? if so
Please explain in which context simple past
I.S.: Kamala says that she went out yesterday.
distant past/ long past. If is depends on
whether the reporting verb is in the present
or the past tense.
Q. (i) I read in a book (DGP publications) that
long past actions changed from D.S to I.D.S
simple past - Past perfect tense.
e.g.: He said, 'Rama Killed Ravana'
He said that Rama had killed Ravana.
(ii) He said, 'I lived many years in England.'
He said that he lived many years in
England.
Please explain above example.
The college is named after him
formed with them - in the contracted form n't'. (won't, can't shan't, etc)
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 643
Q. Finite & Non finites
A. The other kinds of verbs, called finite verbs
(not non-anomalous) can form tenses - give,
gave, given and indicate the number and
person of subjects.
e.g: I do (Ist person, singular), He does
(IIIrd person, singular), etc.
Q. Defective verb.
A. Defective verbs = auxiliary verbs = anomalous finites
If the reporting verb is in the past
tense the tense of the reported verb
must be changed and the simple past
must be changed into past perfect,
whether it is an immediate past action
or distant past action. ('long past' as
you say)
is changed into past perfect
tense.
- In which context simple past
tense remains as it is.
e.g. : The constable said to the
inspector, 'We arrested him ten minutes ago' (Ten minutes ago- not distant/ long
past). Even then the I.S. is:
M.SURESAN
A. 'Raju said that he went to a movie yesterday'
is not the correct reported form of Raju said,
'I went to a movie yesterday'.
The correct reported form is: Raju said that
he had gone (past perfect) to a movie the
Q. What do we call the given words in English?
èπ◊ç-ö«¢Á÷, ´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-Æœ-†-¢√-∞¡x†’ äéπ-J-éÌéπJE ᙫ
°æJîªßª’ç îË≤ƒh¢Á÷ îª÷¨»ç éπüΔ. ÉC ´’†èπ◊ í∫’®Ω’hç-ú≈©çõ‰ Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç ´*a-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x English ™ ´÷ö«xúÕûË
¶«í¬ practice Å®·, ®ÓW ¢√úË ´÷ô™x ¶μ«í∫-¢Á’i§Úûª’çC. O©’†o Ææçü¿-®√s¥©-Eoçöx Ñ English
´÷ô©’ ´÷ö«xúËÊÆh ÅC
O’èπ◊ ´÷´‚-™„j-§Ú-ûª’çC.
É°æ¤púø’ ´’† ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’©†’, °æJ-îªßª’ç Ö†o-¢√∞¡x†’, ûÁL-Æœ-†-¢√-∞¡x†÷ éπ©’Ææ’-èπ◊-†o°æ¤púø’ ᙫ °æ©-éπJç-î√™ îª÷üΔlç. (´’Ja§Ú-éπçúÕ – practice is
important)
Pradeep: Hi Jagdish, how are you?
(ᙫ ÖØ√o´¤?)
Jagdish: Fine, Pradeep. Thank you. How are
you?/ How about you?
Thank you.
Subodh: Hi Pranav, how are you?
Pranav: Fine/
OK.
Can't
complain
No
regrets
¶«üμΔ-™‰ü¿’)/
(*çûª
°æú≈-LqçüËç
™‰ü¿’. Åçû√
¶«í¬ØË ÖçC)/
Never
(Éçûªéπçõ‰ ¶«í¬ á°æ¤p-úø÷-™‰†’).
(F Ææçí∫-ûËçöÃ?)
better
Thank you. What
about you?
Thanks.
FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH
(¶«í¬ØË ÖØ√o†’.
†’¢Áy™«
ÖØ√o´¤?/ F Ææçí∫-ûËçöÀ?) Éçé¬ É™«
èπÿú≈ ņ-´îª’a.
Pranav: Hi Subodh, How are you and how is
every body?
Anjana: Hi Sujee, how goes life?/ How's life?
(ᙫ ÖØ√o´¤. ´’†-¢√-∞¡xçû√ ¶«í∫’-Ø√o®√?)/
(ᙫ ÖØ√o´¤?)
Students Å®·ûË, How are your studies?/ How
about your studies?
(F îªü¿’-¢Á™« ÖçC?/ F îªü¿’-¢Á™« ≤ƒí∫’-ûÓçC?)
Sujee: Fine. Thanks. How about you?/ How
are your studies?/ How about your
studies?
Thanks.
(¶«í¬ØË ÖçC.
îªü¿’-¢Á™« ÖçC?)
F Ææçí∫-ûËçöÀ?/ F
Anjana: Fine too/ Same here/ Thank you.
Thank you.)
(¶«í¬ØË ÖçC/ Ø√D ÅçûË.
Neeraja: It's a real pleasure meeting you after
such a long time/ How nice meeting
you after all these days! How goes
life?
Subodh: Same here.
(Ø√ Ææçí∫A ÅçûË.)
-Éçé¬ -É-N èπÿ-ú≈ -îª÷-úøç-úÕ.
How are you getting
on?
How are things going?
(ᙫ í∫úø’-≤ÚhçC?)/
(N≠æ-ߪ÷-™„™« ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’Ø√o®·?) How's (How
is) life? (@Nûªç ᙫ
ÖçC?)
Subodh: Everybody/
everything is fine/ very well.
î√™« 鬩ç ûª®√yûª ´’† ÆæEo-£œ«-ûª’©’, ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’©’,
•çüμ¿’-´¤©’, °æJîªßª’-Ææ’h-©†’ éπ©’Ææ’èπ◊-†o-°æ¤púø’,
(ߪ·í¬©’)
(î√™« é¬©ç ´’†ç éπ©’Ææ’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’);
(ÉEo ®ÓV©÷
áéπ\úø’Ø√o´¤?);
(Åçü¿®Ω÷ èπ◊™«-≤ƒØ√?)
(à
v°æûËu-éπçí¬ á´JE í∫’Jç-îª-®·Ø√ ÅúÕ-Íí-ô-°æ¤púø’:
How are/ How about your parents?/ your
D.S.: He said, 'I lived many years' in
England.
I.S.: He said that he had lived... in England.
Q. In Non-detailed lessons many times
A. Please understand the use of the past perfect tense correctly. The past perfect is used
for the earlier of two past actions.
Susmitha: Hi Neeraja, long since We met/
since we met/ long
ages
time, no see
Where have you been all
these days?
is everybody OK?
(¶«í¬ØË
ÖØ√o)
I.S.: He says that he lived many years in
England.
It is not question of near/ immediate past or
(°œ©x©’)/
(ii) Similarly: D.S. : He says, 'I lived many
years in England'.
The sentences in the past perfect tenses
and sometimes with time references.
brother (s) and sister (s)/ your kids
your parents?/ How is your wife?, etc.
°æJ-îª-ߪ’-Ææ’h-©†’ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†o-°æ¤púø’ Éçé¬ É™« èπÿú≈
°æ®√-´’-Jzç--éÓ-´îª’a.
I.S. : The teacher is saying (Reporting verb
- present tense) that Rama killed
Ravana. (Correct). Here, we don't say,
Rama had killed Ravana.
The constable told the inspector that they
had arrested him ten minutes before
Who do I see here?
éÀçü¿öÀ≤ƒJ ´’†Lo ´’†ç Éûª-®Ω’-©È陫 °æJ-îªßª’ç îËÆæ’-
A. (i) D.S. : The teacher is saying, 'Rama killed
Ravana'.
(Éçûª-鬩ç ûª®√yûª éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç áçûª
ÆæçûÓ≠æçí¬ ÖçüÓ! @Nûªç ᙫ í∫úø’-≤ÚhçC?)
Éçé¬ ÖüËy-í∫çûÓ °æ©-éπ-Jç-î√-©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰ É™« èπÿú≈
ņ-´îª’a, î√-™«-鬩ç ûª®√yûª éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†o-°æ¤púø’.
Sritej: Hei, Who do I
see here? Srikar?
(£«ß˝’, á´-Jéπ\úø éπ†°æ-úø’-ûª’†oC Ø√èπ◊? XéπÍ®Ø√?)
What
a
Surprise!
(áçûª Ǩ¡a®Ωuç! Hope I
am not mistaken (؈’ §Ò®Ω-°æ-úø-ôç-™‰ü¿’ éπüΔ?)
(É´Fo ´’† Ǩ¡a®Ωuç ûÁL-Ê°çü¿’èπ◊ Åçö«ç)
Srikar: Make no mistake. I am Srikar
of course. Enough.
(†’¢Ëyç §Ò®Ω°æúø-™‰ü¿’. ؈’ XéπÍ®o™‰. Éçéπ Ç°æ¤.)
É´Fo O’®Ω’ Eûªu-@-N-ûªç™ Æ洒ߪ’ç ´*a-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x
Practise îËߪ ’çúÕ.
Å™«îËÊÆh Ææ’©-¶μºçí¬
Å©¢√ô´¤ûª’çC.
He told me that he had seen the movie.
There are two past actions here - 1) His
telling me, and 2) his seeing the movie.
Both are past actions. However, his seeing
the movie is the earlier, and his telling me
about it is the later past action. So, his seeing the movie - must be in the past perfect
tense.
Also look at the following:
He slowly got up from bed. He remembered
what had happened the night before. Two
strangers had entered his room about 6 in
the evening yesterday. They had hit him
hard on the head. That was all that was able
to recollected. He now looked around. His
wrist watch and rings he had kept on the
table were no longer there. He understood
that the strangers had taken them away.
Observe that his getting up slowly is a past
action. all the other events had taken place
'yesterday', that is, they are all earlier past
actions. So they are in the past perfect
tense. So the use of past perfect has no
connection with time of happening.
Banti Balo, Gandhinagar
Q. Translate the following sentences into
Telugu.
The college is named after him.
(éπ-∞«-¨»-©èπ◊ ÅûªúÕ Ê°®Ω’ °ö«d®Ω’.)
(äéπJ Ê°®Ω’ °ôdúøç.)
A. To name after somebody.
His parents named him after his grandfather.
(ÅûªúÕ ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’©’ Åûª-úÕéÀ ÅûªúÕ û√ûª Ê°®Ω’
°ö«d®Ω’.)
Nellore district is named after Potti Sri
Ramulu.
( ØÁ©÷x®Ω’ >™«xèπ◊ §ÒöÀd X®√-´·©’ Ê°®Ω’
°ö«d®Ω’.)
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/chaduvu/chaduvuinner.asp?qry=spokenenglish
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 12 -W-Ø˛ 2011
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
A. Sudhakar
Peddamalla Reddy
Q. I have seen the following
sentence in a book. 'I will
come tomorrow'. Here will is
present. So, this is present
tense. But action will complete in future. Please clarify about this example of Time & Tense.
A. 'I will come tomorrow', will come refers to an
action that will be completed in future. 'will
come' refers to an action of the future. This
is simple.
Don't worry too much about these things. All
that we should aim at is, speaking English
correctly. Let us not worry about form and
meaning, and other final points like semantics. 'Semantics is the study of the meanings of words - how the meaning of a word
A. Phrase = a group of words without a verb.
'With great care' is a group of words without
a verb (verb
phrase. Noun
Phrase
subject
phrase, adjective phrase
'with great care', subject
Verb, sang
adverb phrase.
™‰E ´÷ô© èπÿ®Ω’p) éπüΔ. 鬕öÀd
í∫’Jç*
îÁ°æpÅC
†’ í∫’Jç*
èπÿúøü¿E áéπ\-úøØ√o ÖçüΔ?
Å´¤-ûª’çC. é¬F
îÁÊ°p
†’ í∫’Jç*
Ééπ\úø
†’ í∫’Jç*
îÁ°æpúøç ™‰ü¿’ éπüΔ?
îÁ•’ûÓçC. 鬕öÀd ÅC,
The book, written ten years ago, is still in
demand.
written 10 years ago
is a phrase (written, verb
past
participle
describing the subject,
'the book'
Ééπ\úø,
®√Æœ†)
(°æüË∞¡x véÀûªç
é¬ü¿’,
´÷vûª¢Ë’)
Q. He worked with great enthusiasm
underlined
clause
He sang with great care
He worked with great enthusiasm
îËÆœ† °æüΔ©’
éπç™ îªC-¢√†’. é¬F
¢√é¬u-EéÀ,
Ééπ\úø
ÅE äéπ °æ¤Ææh-
2
enthusiasm
(î√™«
Öû√q-£æ«çûÓ) – Ñ
È®çúø÷ èπÿú≈ phras-
es.
Q. I don't know why he
has shouted
underlined
phrase
(Ééπ\úø
îËÆ œ†
ÅE
°æüΔ©’
äéπ °æ¤Ææh-éπç™ ÅØ√o®Ω’.
é¬F Ééπ\úø underlined words ™ 'has' 'shouted' ÅØË verbs ÖØ√o®· éπüΔ? Then why is it
said as phrase?
A. Why he has shouted 'has shouted'
verb
clause
ÉC clause, Ééπ\úø
ÅØË
ÖçC 鬕öÀd ÅC
ÅE à °æ¤Ææh-éπç™†÷ Öçúøü¿’. O’èπ◊†o
ÆæçüË£æ«çûÓØË É™« îÁ•’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’ ÅE-°œ-≤ÚhçC.
'Why he has shouted' - Ñ clause™ has äéπ
verb, shouted È®çúÓ verb é¬ü¿’. 'Has shouted' äÍé verb.
Joshi Malhotra, Hanamkonda
Q. Please clarify the following doubts.
1) He sang with great care
underlined
phrase
subject 'He'
îËÆœ† °æüΔ©’
îªC-¢√†’. é¬F ÉC
îÁ•’ûª’çC éπüΔ.
(Ééπ\úø
ÅE äéπ °æ¤Ææh-éπç™
í∫’Jç*
I don't know whether he is coming or not.
The above underlined group of words is
phrase or clause.
Q. The boy sat at the window. Here
the underlined part is called
'clause', though it has not any
verbs - Please explain.
changes in course of time.
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 644
A. 'at the window' is only a phrase
No good book calls it a clause, as
there is no verb there.
.
Ñ -¢√é¬u-EéÀ ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? Ñ È®çúÓ
¢√éπuç-™ verbs àN’öÀ? Åçõ‰ underlined îËÆ œ† °æüΔ™x verbs àO’ ™‰´¤
éπüΔ? Please explain.
Ñ
™
™‰†-°æ¤púø’ ÅC
ᙫ Å´¤-ûª’çC?
With great care (î√™« ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬), with great
áçûÓ Ææ®Ω-∞¡çí¬, Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ Öçú≈L. äéÓ\≤ƒJ ´÷ö«xúË-ô-°æ¤púø’ ¢√éπuç °æ‹®Ωh-´-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a èπÿú≈. Å™«çô°æ¤púø’ clipped sentences èπÿú≈ ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç.
OöÀE ´’†ç ¶«í¬
Practise îËߪ÷L. ´’†Eûªu @N-ûªç™ É™«çöÀ
Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x á°æ¤púø’ Ŵ鬨¡ç ´ÊÆh Å°æ¤púø’
´÷ö«x-úËÆæ÷h Öçú≈L.
Å™«-îËÊÆh éÌCl ®ÓV©èπ◊
Åv°æߪ’-ûªoç-í¬ØË éπÈ®-é˙dí¬
´÷ö«xúË≤ƒhç.
éÌEo
Ææçü¿-®√s¥™ x
éÌûªh ´uèπ◊h©’/ °æJ-îª-ߪ’-Ææ’h© N´®√©’
ûÁ©’Ææ’èπ◊çô’çö«ç. Å™«çöÀN éÌEo É°æ¤púø’
îª÷üΔlç.
´’†èπ◊ °æJ-îª-ߪ’-¢Á’i-†-¢√∞¡Ÿx áéπ\úÕ ¢√∞¡Ÿx? à ¶μ«≠æ
´÷ö«x-úø-û√®Ω’? ´%Ah àN’öÀ? É™«çöÀ N´-®√©’
ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ØË ÆæçüΔ-®√s¥©’ î√™« áü¿’-®Ω-´¤-ûª’ç-ö«®·.
¢√öÀE É°æ¤púø’ ûÁ©’Ææ’èπ◊çüΔç.
Shaiz: Hi Arshad, how are you?
(ᙫ ÖØ√o´¤?)
Arshad: Fine, how about you?
(èπ◊™«-≤ƒØË, ´’J †’´¤y?)
Shaiz: Fine too, thank you. (èπ◊™«-≤ƒØË)
(¶«í¬ØË ÖçC. ¢Á·ûªhç Åçû√ ¶«í∫’çC ņ™‰-†-†’éÓ. äéπ N≠æߪ’ç, ¶μï†ç ÉçöÀ ¶μï†ç™« Öçúøü¿’ éπüΔ?)
Arshad: I
can
see
that.
Where
are you
from?
(ÅC
Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-í∫-©†’. O’ ÜÍ®C?)
Shaiz: We are from Vissannapeta. We own
some property there. Dad is a professor in a Vijayawada college.
FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH
Q. Which one of the following sentences is
corect?
Q. He doesn't know how to dance.The underlined group of words is phrase or clause.
1. I am an Indian 2. I am Indian
A. Both 'I am an Indian' and 'I am Indian' are
correct. In 'I am an Indian', Indian is a
Where do you come from?
(O’üË Ü®Ω’?)
Arshad: We belong
here/ we
are of this
place.
(£æ…Ææd™¸ @Nûªç ᙫ ÖçC?)
(¢Ë’N’éπ\úø
¢√∞¡x¢Ë’)
Belong = îÁçü¿ôç.
îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπüΔ?Where
Shaiz: Ok, though I can't say everything is all
right, for one thing, the food can't be
as good as home food, you know.
are
you
from?/
where do you come
from?
Arshad: How is your hostel life going?
(O’üË Ü®Ω’?/ O’È®-éπ\úÕ ¢√∞¡Ÿx?)
éÌçîÁç ûÁME ¢√∞¡x-†-®·ûË, May I know where
you are from? Åçö«ç.
Å™«Íí I am from AP/ I come from AP.
(´÷C Ççvüμ¿-v°æ-ü˨¸/ ¢Ë’ç Ççvüμ¿-v°æ-ü˨¸ ¢√∞¡xç.)
Where do you come from?
(O’È®-éπ\-úÕ-¢√∞¡Ÿx? (ÅçûË-é¬F O’È®-éπ\úÕ †’ç*
´≤ƒh®Ω’?/ ´Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’ ÅE-é¬ü¿’)
I am from/ I come from Nellor = ´÷C ØÁ©÷x®Ω’.
(ÅçûË-é¬F, ؈’ ØÁ©÷x®Ω’ †’ç* ´Ææ’h-Ø√o-†E é¬ü¿’)
ûËú≈ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ:
Where do you come from? = O’üË Ü®Ω’?
Where are you coming from? = O’È®-éπ\-úÕoç*
´Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’ (É°æ¤púø’)
Ñ v°æ¨¡o© Ææpçü¿-†™ ûËú≈ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.
1. Where are you/ do you come from?
(´÷C NÆæq†oÊ°ô. ´÷ÍéüÓ éÌçûª ÇÆœh
Öçü¿éπ\úø. ´÷Ø√†o Nï-ߪ’-¢√úø 鬙‰-@™
v§Ò°∂Ææ®˝)
Q. I don't know why he has not come. The
underlined group of words is phrase or
clause.
Suresh Singhal, Warangal
Where do you come from?
¢√u´-£æ…-J-éπçí¬ ´÷ö«x-ú≈Lq ´*a-†°æ¤púø’ ´’† ¶μ«≠æ
A. 'Whether he is coming or not' is a clause
because it is a group of words with the verb,
'is coming'. It is NOT a phrase.
A. 'Why he has not come' is a clause too,
because it is a group of words with the verb,
'has come'.
M.SURESAN
A. 'With great enthusiasm' is a group of words
without verb, so it is a phrase, not a clause.
group of words
verb
clause
Look at the sentences: 'He is a German' and
'He is German'. In 'He is a German' German
is a noun, and in the second sentence,
German is adjective.
Q. Please clarify the following doubts.
Why he has shouted?
When you know 'will' indicates future, verbs
like will come, will go, etc., indicate only
future actions, so they are in the future.
That's all we need to know. If you are not
satisfied with this explanation, please make
express your doubt more clearly.
noun, like 'student' in 'I am a student'. In
'I am Indian' 'Indian' is an adjective, like
'tall' in 'I am tall'. 'Indian' in the sentence
'I am Indian' talks about the person's
quality of belonging to India. Look for
example at the sentence, 'This custom is
Indian'. In 'I am Indian' Indian means 'of
or belonging to India'.
(O’üË Ü®Ω’?/ O’È®éπ\úÕ ¢√∞¡Ÿx?)
A. I am from Ongole/
AP/ Nizamabad,
etc.,
AP/
(´÷ Ü®Ω’
äçíÓ©’/ ´÷C
´÷ Ü®Ω’ Eñ«´÷¶«ü˛, etc)
2. Where are you
coming from?
(O’È®-éπ\-úÕoç*
´Ææ’hØ√o-J-°æ¤púø’?)
A. (I am coming) from home/ college/ the cinema, etc.
A. He doesn't know how to dance. 'How to
dance' is only a phrase because there is no
verb in the group of words, 'How to dance'.
'To dance' is an infinitive, and an infinitive
(to go, to sing, etc to 1st Regular Doing
Word), like the '.....ing' form, and the past
participle (gone, seen, etc) are NOT verbs.
Q. I don't know whether he fought in a brave
manner or not. Is it phrase?
A. 'Whether he fought in a brave manner or not'
is a clause, because there is a verb, 'fought'
in this group. But, 'In a brave manner or not'
is only a phrase, because there is no verb,
in the group of words.
Q. If you study hard, you will succeed. Is it
clause?
A. ''If you study hard,' is a clause because it is
a group of words with the verb, 'study'.
Rekha Pallavi, Warangal.
Q.
îªE-§Ú-®·† ¢√∞¡x í∫’Jç* îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’ 'of' ¢√ú≈-Lq†
Å´-Ææ®Ωç ÖçüΔ?
For example: a) The wisdom of Solomon is
great.
b) The daughter of Nehru.
A. 1) No such rule. You can either use 'of' or
apostrophe and s('s).
a) Wisdom of
Wisdom.
Solomon
=
Solomon's
b) Daughter of Nehru = Nehru's daughter.
Q. Rivers, oceans, seas -
OöÀéÀ Ê°®Ω’x Öçõ‰ Ç
Ê°®Ω’x îÁGûË ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çüΔ?
e.g.: The Krishna, the Indian (ocean), the
Bay of Bengal, the Nagarjuna Sagar
(canal).
A. 'The' must be used before names of rivers,
seas and oceans.
The Krishna (river), The Arabian sea, The
Indian Ocean, The Bay of Bengal, The
Nagarjuna sagar canal, etc.
(؈’ É-©’x/ é¬-™‰-ñ ¸
/ ÆœE´÷ †’ç* ´Ææ’hØ√o.)
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/chaduvu/chaduvuinner.asp?qry=spokenenglish
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 19 -W-Ø˛ 2011
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
Sneha Gayathri, Tekulagudem
Q. Please clarify the following
doubts. Spoken English
lesson
'C' follows 'E'. E is followed by C
™ O’®Ó-≤ƒJ
ÅE ÅØ√o®Ω’. ÅüË Nüμ¿çí¬ äéπ
doubt E clarify îËÆæ÷h äéπ
¢√éπuç ®√¨»®Ω’. - Å-C have/
had/ has/ would have, etc is followed by the
past participle.
'E' is followed by 'C'
The past participle is
followed by have/ has/ had/ would have, etc.
é¬F, °j† Ê°®Ì\-†oô’x
éπüΔ Åçõ‰
ÅE Öçú≈L éπüΔ. -N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. A. E is followed by C ™ Verb, 'is followed.' ÉC
'is' (be form) + followed (Past Participle).
Verb 'is followed'
be form + past parVerb, Passive
ticiple (PP)
Voice
'be' form + Past
Participle form
Verb, English
Verb
™™«
Å®·ûË, Å°æ¤púø’
Å´¤-ûª’çC. É™«çöÀ
ÖçúË
™
Grammar Book
Phrase
™ underline îËÆœ† °æüΔ©’
ÅØ√o®Ω’. é¬F, Phrase ÅE ᙫ
Åçö«ç? áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ °j† Ê°®Ì\†o Sentence
Ajay & Vijay í∫’Jç* îÁ•’-ûÓçC. ´’J Ñ sentence ™ Predicate ÖçC éπüΔ. 'Sat' - ÅØË
verb èπÿú≈ ÖçC, N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
A. O’®Ω’ ÆæJí¬ îª÷Æœ Öçúø®Ω’. Ajay and Vijay sat
on a wall - Ñ sentence ™ 'On a wall' ('sat'
™‰èπ◊çú≈) ´÷vûª¢Ë’ BÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰ ÅC Verb ™‰E
Group of Words Å´¤-ûª’çC. Å™« Verb ™‰E
group of words †’ Phrase Åçö«ç.
Predicate Åçõ‰ äéπ sentence ™, subject ™‰E
sentence ¶μ«í∫ç – Åçõ‰ subject †’ í∫’Jç*
îÁÊ°p sentence ¶μ«í∫ç.
Ajay and Vijay sat on a wall. Ñ sentence ™
Ajay and Vijay, subjects. 'Sat on a wall', subjects
'Predicate',
Phrase
sat
†’ í∫’Jç* (íÓúø O’ü¿ èπÿ®Ω’a-Ø√o®Ω’ ÅØË
Å®ΩnçûÓ) îÁÊ°p ¶μ«í∫ç. 鬕öÀd ÅC
ÅçûË-é¬F
Å´ü¿’. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰
ÅØË
2
Q. He worked with
great care Phrases clauses
sentence
Åçõ‰
îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’
¢Á·ûªhç °æJí∫ù†-™éÀ BÆæ’-éÓ-¢√™«?
N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
A. He worked with
great care sentence
'with great care', predicate
Phrase.
lowing sentences are called phrases.
Ñ
™,
a. He has a ring made of gold.
é¬ü¿’.
b. She read an interesting story.
ÅC
Phrases, Clauses
c. You wanted to buy a car.
îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’ ´·êuçí¬
d. He fought in a brave manner.
N´Jçî√LqçC.
Phrase: A Group of words without a Verb: in
the class, because of his delay, etc.
e. Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall.
f. It was a sunset of great beauty.
Clause: A Group of words with a verb. If he
meets her, when that happens; while
sentence
she was working, etc.
examples
g. Monu, who was feeling tired, wanted to
take rest.
É™«
ûÓ Ææç•çüμ¿ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈
h. He talked with great care.
ÉÆæ÷h
All the sentences above have subjects
and also they are saying about the subjects,
then how can we say that they are phrases
other than, clauses - Please explain. And
also all the sentences have verbs.
He worked with great care
A. Sentences are NOT phrases.
six forms
Have/ has/
had/ shall have, etc + Past Participle, six
verbs
forms of verbs
form
English Verb
six forms
Be form +
six forms
PP, Have/ has/ had/ etc + PP
4 forms: 'be' forms,
'be' form + ing form; Doing Words (come,
comes, came, go, goes, went, etc); Shall/
Should/ Will/ Would/ Can/ Could/ May/
Might/ Must/ Need/ Dare +1st Regular Doing
Word (come, go etc.)
èπ◊çúË
™ ÉçéÓöÀ. ÅEo
™ Öçú≈-©E ™‰ü¿’ éπüΔ?
Öçö«®· í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓçúÕ.
Ñ
™ È®çúø’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’. Éûª®Ω
Main Clause - A Clause with Complete
Meaning- She can sing well.
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 645
Ñ
èπ◊
Q. Ajay & Vijay sat on a wall (Wren & Martin
Sentences can never be called phrases.
They are two different types of groups of
words (Please refer answer to the above
question).
N´Jç-îª-´îª’a.
™ äéπöÀ ´÷vûª¢Ë’.
verb
ÖçC 鬕öÀd.
Q. The sun rises in the east.
°j -¢√é¬u-Eo
N´Jçîªí∫-©®Ω’.
phrase
Å-†-´-î√a? -
M.SURESAN
A. The sun rises in the east 'The sun', subject, 'rises in the east', predicate. 'In the east'
Phrase
Éçü¿’™
´÷vûª¢Ë’ BÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰, ÅC
Å´¤-ûª’çC.
(This is also a sentence because it is
a group of words with complete meaning. That way, all sentences are clauses, but not all clauses are sentences)
All the groups of words in your letter from (a)
to (g) are SENTENCES, because each of
them is a group of words with complete
meaning.
When analysing a sentence, O’®Ω’
üΔEo clauses, phrases í¬ Núø-íÌ-ö«d-©çõ‰
sentence ¢Á·ûªhç °æJ-í∫-ù-†-™ éÀ BÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L.
The groups of words you have underlined in
the sentences from (a) to (d), and (h) and (g)
are all phrases, because they are all groups
of words without verbs.
G. Rajeshwar, Bayyaram
'Sat on a wall' (sentence e), and 'Who was
feeling tired (sentence g), are clauses,
because they are groups of words with
verbs.
Q. I have read in a grammar book that the fol-
May I know what you are?
´’†ç éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†o-¢√∞¡Ÿx, ´’† °æJ-îª-ߪ’-Ææ’h©’ (ûªÊ°p-´·çC? Çߪ’† v°æ¶μº’ûªy Éç>F®˝).í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’
a) What are you? =
b) May I know what you are? =
áéπ\úø’çö«®Ω’? àç îËÆæ’hç-ö«®Ω’? (ÖüÓuí∫ç à-N’öÀ?)
™«çöÀ N´®√©†’ ᙫ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«¢Á÷ É°æ¤púø’
îª÷üΔlç.
éπüΔ?
Pavithra: Where did
you say you're
(You are) from?
c) What do you
do for a job?/ a
living? =
(O’üË-´‹-®Ω-Ø√o®Ω’
O’®Ω’?)
Pankaja: I come
from Vizag, I told
you; but I've (I
have) been here
for quite a long
time. I can almost
say that I am from Hyderabad.
Vizag
(´÷C
ÅE îÁ§ƒp†’. é¬F ØËE-éπ\úø î√™«é¬-©çí¬ ÖØ√o†’. 鬕öÀd ´÷C £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛ ÅØË
îÁ§Òpa.)
Pavithra: May I Know what you are?
(O’Í®ç îËÆæ’hç-ö«®Ω’?)
Pankaja: I teach in a high school. I've been a
teacher for seven years now. What do you do
for a job?
school teacher
school
teacher
Pavithra: Just a home maker. I've (I have) a
school-going son and an infant daughter. I've
(I have) my handsful looking after the two.
School
(؈’
†’. àúË-∞¡Ÿxí¬
í¬ ÖØ√o†’. O’Í®ç îËÆæ’hç-ö«®Ω’?)
(؈’ É™«x-LØË.
èπ◊ ¢Á∞Ïx éÌúø’èπÿ, îªçöÀ-§ƒ°æ
ÖØ√o®Ω’ Ø√èπ◊. Ç Éü¿l-JF îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’Íé ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC
Ø√èπ◊.)
Pankaja: What's your husband, if I may know.
(O’ ¶μº®Ωh àç îË≤ƒh®Ω’? Åúø-í∫-ôç ûª°æ¤p-é¬-éπ-§ÚûË).
Pavithra: Oh by all means. He is a Engineer
in Govt. service.
O’üËç ÖüÓuí∫ç?
O’Í®ç îËÆæ’hç-ö«®Ó
ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´î√a?
(ÉC èπÿú≈) O’
ÖüÓuí∫ç àçöÀ?
Where are you
working?
ÅE
èπÿú≈ ņ-´îª’a.
Narmada: Where do you live?
(O’È®-éπ\-úø’ç-ö«®Ω’?)
Sourabha: (I live) in Jeedimetla. What about you?
(؈’ @úÕ-¢Á’ôx™ Öçö«? O’ Ææçí∫-ûËçöÀ?)
FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH
Narmada: Gandhi Nagar.
Sourabha: Your son doing B.Tech. He lives in
the hostel, doesn't he?
(B.Tech
îËÊÆ O’ Ŷ«s®·, £æ…Ææd-™¸™ Öçö«úø’
éπüΔ?)
Narmada: He hasn't
yet moved into the
hostel. He will be,
soon. Right now he
is living in my
cousin's.
hostel
(Éçé¬
èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡x™‰ü¿’. ûªy®Ω™ ¢Á∞¡-û√úø’.
v°æÆæ’hûªç ´÷ cousin Éçöx Öçô’-Ø√oúø’.
í∫´’-Eéπ: Cousin = äÍé ûªLxü¿çvúø’© Ææçû√†ç
é¬èπ◊çú≈, ûªLx/ ûªçvúÕ -ßÁ·éπ\ ≤Úü¿-®Ω’-úø’/ ≤Ú-ü¿-J©
Gúøf©’. ¢Ë’†ûªh, ¢Ë’†-´÷-´’© °œ©x©’ èπÿú≈ cousins.
English ™ brother/ sister, äÍé ûªLxéÀ °æ¤öÀd† Gúøf-
©èπ◊ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úøû√ç. É©’x ´÷®Ωúøç, English ™
'shift' é¬ü¿’, move. He moved (shifted é¬ü¿’) to
Manohar Tiwari, Namalapadu
Q.
1) I move that Mr. Gupta be appointed chair
man
the new house yesterday.)
1) What are you? =
(What are you doing? =
O’ ÖüÓuí∫ç à-N’öÀ?/ O’Í®ç
O’J-°æ¤p-úËçîËÆæ’hç-ö«®Ω’?
îË-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’? O’üËç ÖüÓuí∫ç? ÅØË Å®Ωnç Ééπ\úø
®√ü¿’.) What's (What is) your father? = O’
Ø√†oí¬Í®ç îË≤ƒh®Ω’? (Çߪ’† ÖüÓuí∫ ç à-N’öÀ?)
éÌûªh¢√∞¡x ÖüÓuí∫ç ÅúÕ-Íí-ô-°æ¤púø’, ´’®√u-ü¿í¬, 'May
I know what you are?' (O’ ÖüÓuí∫ç àçö
ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´î√a?) Åçö«ç. Éçé¬...What do you
do for a job? ÅE èπÿú≈ ņ-´îª’a.
2) O’È®-éπ\-úø’ç-ö«®Ω’?/ O’ É™„x-éπ\úø? = Where do
éÀçC ÆæçüË-£æ…-©†’ B®Ωa-í∫©®Ω’.
2) It is suggested that a ring road be built to
relieve the congestion
°j† underline îËÆœ-†-¢√-öÀéÀ Active voice àN’öÀ?
áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ to be built or will be/ should be,
built etc. Öçú≈L éπüΔ, Å™«Íí I move Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç
àN’öÀ?
A. 1) I move that we/ the committee/ the council, etc. appoint Mr Gupta, Chairman
2) I/ we/ the council, etc., suggested that the
government/ the corporation/ the roads
and Buildings Dept. build a ring road.
you live?/ Where's (Where is) your home/
place?
(Where do you stay?
Stay =
ÅE éÌçûª-´’çC
•Ææ
Åçô’çö«®Ω’. Å®·ûË ÉC ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.
(àüÓ È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ®ÓV©’ ´’† Ü®Ω’-é¬-E-Ü®Óx
û√û√\-L-éπçí¬ Öçúøôç ´÷vûª¢Ë’. E´Æœçîªúøç é¬ü¿’)
Move, suggest, recommend, demand,
verbs
should + 1st Regular Doing
word (build, appoint, select, etc)
'should'
1st Regular
Doing Word
™«çöÀ
ûª®√yûª
®√¢√L,
Chandana: Where do you live?
™‰èπ◊çõ‰
(†’-¢Áy-éπ\úø’çö«´¤?)
I suggest that you should buy a car = I suggest that you buy a car Active Voice.
underlined verbs
Passive Voice - should
be bought/ be bought.
Vandana: Next
to the Post
Office
in
Governorpet.
(í∫´-®Ωo-®Ω’-Ê°ô
§Ú≤ƒd-°∂‘Æˇ °æéπ\†)
(Am living/ is living/ are living ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬
áéπ\úøØ√o ´’†ç E´-ÆœçîË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úøû√ç.).
For the present I am living with my cousin.
Soon I am moving to a house near my office.
cousin
Office
Practise
(v°æÆæ’h-û√-EéÀ ؈’ ´÷
ûÓ Öçô’-Ø√o†’.
èπ◊ ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ ÖçúË ÉçöxéÀ
ûªy®Ω™ ´÷
îËüΔlç.
´÷®Ωû√†’. ÉN ¶«í¬
´C-™‰Æœ Íé-´-©ç
¢√úø-´îª’a.
ÉC
Ñ
èπ◊
He demanded that they should pay
money at once/ pay the money at once
was demanded (of them) (by him) that
money should be paid (by them)/ that
money be paid (by them) at once.
the
= It
the
the
move =
Q.
(Ééπ\úø) v°æA-§ƒ-Cç-îªúøç.
éÀçC -¢√é¬u-Eo -Ççí∫xç-™éÀ -Å-†’-´-Cç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.
'Ø√ ´’†-Ææ’™-E Ç¢Ë-ü¿-††’ á´®Ω’ B®Ω’≤ƒh®Ω’?—
A. Who can end the distress/ anguish that's
troubling me?
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/chaduvu/chaduvuinner.asp?qry=spokenenglish
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 26 -W-Ø˛ 2011
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
Lakshmaiah, Gollapalli
Q. In the 8th class Eng- Text
Book - ''If I were you, I
should stop smoking'' (Not
would) But previously you
wrote that.. ''If I were you, I
would help you''
A. The question tag for, You are taking the
Kurzbach train is 'aren't you?'
However, sometimes, when the listener
does not believe what the speaker says, the
listener, repeats the statement of the speaker, and adds a tag. If the statement of the
speaker is positive, the tag is also positive,
and if the statement of the speaker is negative, the tag is negative too. Look at the following
A. 'If I were you, I should stop smoking'- In this
sentence, 'should' is correct, but not much
used in present day English. In fact, if the
subjects are 'I' and 'We' the verb is 'should +
...' in sentences with Conditional Clauses.
'Should' however, is outdated and in present
day usage 'would' is preferred.
Q. He says that he would help me.
Reported speech
He says, ''I will help
you'' (Direct) correct
Ééπ\úø
e.g. : A: I am the greatest teacher in the
School
B: Oh, you are the greatest teacher, are
you?
e.g. : A: I am not corrupt
B: Oh, you are not corrupt, aren't you?
™
Remember, this happens only when the listener doesn't believe the speaker and sarcastic
éπüΔ?
A. 'He says he will help me' is the correct form
of the Indirect speech for He says, 'I will
(´uçí∫uçí¬/ ¢ÁéÀ\-Jç-ûªí¬).
2
A. Transitive Verb Verb having an
object:
á´-J-E/
á´-JéÀ/ üËEéÀ
verb
èπ◊
¢Ëߪ’çúÕ.
answer ´ÊÆh
üËEE,
ÅE
v°æ¨¡o
üΔEéÀ
ÅC
transitive
verb.
Answer
Intransitive verb.
3) I wish for nothing more - P.V.
®√éπ-§ÚûË
Nothing more is wished for by me -
e.g. : He sees movies often.
ÉD passive ™ î√-™« ÅÆæ-£æ«uçí¬ ÖçC éπüΔ?
°j ¢√öÀ-™xE, laugh at, run through, wish for,
™«çöÀ verbs, simple verbs 鬴¤, ÅN Phrasal
Ééπ\úø Verb, 'sees' - îª÷≤ƒhúø’, üËEE îª÷≤ƒhúø’?
ÆœE-´÷©’ ÅØË ï¢√•’ ´Ææ’hçC 鬕öÀd, 'see' transitive verb.
verbs. (Verbs followed by prepositions:
Laugh (verb), at (Prep); run (verb), through
(prep), and wish (verb) for (Prep).
Phrasal Verbs
passive
passive
verb
Prep
(Was laughed at, will be run through and is
wished for)
She runs very fast =
Verb: runs -
Ç¢Á’ î√™« ¢Ëí∫çí¬
°æJ-Èí-ûª’h-ûª’çC.
°æJÈíûª’hûª’çC.
á´JE/ üËEE °æJ-Èí-ûª’h-ûª’çC? – answer ™‰-ü¿’
éπüΔ? 鬕öÀd 'run' intransitive. ´÷´‚-©’í¬
transitive verb Íé passive voice Öçô’çC.
He held the post for ten years
†’
™ èπÿú≈,
É™«çöÀ
éÀ ´÷Ja-†-°æ¤púø’,
°æéπ\†,
®√´-LqçüË
Q. 'Adverbial object or Adverbial accusative'
Sentences
ÅE N´-Jç* éÌEo
Éî√a®Ω’.
(Ééπ\úø
1. He held the post ten years
years
for 10
ÅE É´y-™‰ü¿’.)
help you.' The sentence - He says that he
would help me - is wrong.
You say either, 'He say's that he will help me'
or "He said that he would help me.'
Q. If the sub Inspector was there he could or
would save the boy from the accident- (correct
é¬üΔ?)
A. If the Sub-Inspector were there, (if the SubInspector was there - wrong), he could/
would save the boy - correct
Q. There is one sentence in the 10th classEnglish that is..
The other said, ''You are taking the
Kurzbach train, are you?''
Question Tag ''aren't you?''
Ééπ\úø,
á´Jo îª÷Æœ
†¢√y®Ω’? 'ÅûªúÕE— îª÷Æœ. 鬕öÀd,
Ééπ\úø verb, transitive.
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 646
Suman Singhania, Gandhampalli
Q.
Passive Voice: He was laughed at by
people.
éÀçC Doubts calrify îËߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’. ؈’
äéπ Grammar book ™ îªC-¢√†’ ÅC
' Intransitive verbs used as transitive verbs'
sentences Transitive
Å™«Íí
M.SURESAN
Ñ Å稡ç™ éÌEo
ÅE Éî√a®Ω’. ÅN:
1)
3) I wish for nothing more
®√¢√L éπüΔ?
éÀ áçûª v°æߪ’-Aoç-*Ø√
®√´úøç ™‰ü¿’.
pas-
(´’†ç Éûª-®Ω’© †’ç* Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç §ÒçC-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊
éπ%ûªïcûª©’ ûÁ©-°æúøç
î√™« Å´-Ææ®Ω-´’-E
Åçü¿-JéÃ
ûÁ©’Ææ’.
Thanks
îÁ°æpúøç
üΔy®√ éπ%ûª-ïcûª ûÁL-ߪ’ñ‰≤ƒhç.
Å®·ûË
thanks (üμ¿†u-¢√-üΔ©’)
îÁ°œp-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´’Sx ᙫ ÆæpçCç-î√-©-ØËC èπÿú≈
´·êu¢Ë’.
a) Sravanthi: How kind of you, Akshaya!
If you hadn't lent
me your books, I
couldn't
have
done so well in the
exams.
Thank
you.
(Åéπ~ߪ÷!
áçûª
≤ƒßª’ç î˨»´¤ †’´¤y!
F °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ Ø√éÀ-´y-éπ§Ú-ߪ·çõ‰ °æKéπ~™ x ¶«í¬ ®√ÊÆ üΔEo-é¬ü¿’.
Thankyou)
Akshaya: No problem. Don't say that.
(ÅüË´’çûª °ü¿l N≠æߪ’ç é¬-ü¿’™‰. Å™« ņèπ◊)
í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπüΔ! Direct í¬ Thank you ņ-èπ◊çú≈,
How kind of you! / that's very kind of you!
(†’´¤y áçûÓ ≤ƒßª’ç î˨»´¤ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úøû√ç,
'kind' Ééπ\úø 'ü¿ßª’-í∫©— ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ é¬ü¿’) Åçõ‰ –
Thank you
No
problem/ No problem. Please don't mention.
ÉC
éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´. DEéÀ Ææpçü¿†
(ÅüË´’çûª
°ü¿l
N≠æߪ’ç
é¬ü¿’.
O’®Ωçûªí¬ îÁ°æp-†-´Ææ®Ωç
™‰ü¿’)
b) Sravan: Could
you give
me a lift
up
to
my
home, please?
(é¬Ææh ´÷ÉçöÀ ´®Ωèπ◊
F ¢√£æ«†ç O’ü¿ BÆæ’Èé∞¡-û√¢√?)
Varun: Oh! with pleasure. (ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬)
FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH
Sravan: Thanks a lot.
Varun: That's all right
c) Pradhan: I've (have) been able to finish my
work in time. I could't
have done it without
your help.
(Ææé¬-™«-EéÀ °æE-°æ‹Jh îËߪ’í∫-L-í¬†’. F ≤ƒßª’ç-™‰-éπ§Ú-ߪ·çõ‰ îËߪ’-í∫-L-Íí¢√úÕE 鬆’.)
Vooha: Oh, it's my pleasure (ÅC Ø√ Ææç-ûÓ≠æç/
Ø√ ÆæçûÓ≠æç éÌDl î˨»†’)
(ÉCíÓ, BÆæ’éÓ)
°j Sentences éÀ èπÿú≈ Object ™‰ü¿E-°œ-≤ÚhçC.
´’J ÅN Transitive verbs ᙫ Å´¤û√®·?
A. 1. He held the post for ten years. Ééπ\úø 'for'
éπ*a-ûªçí¬ Öçú≈L. ™‰éπ§ÚûË ûªÊ°p.
(´%ü∑Δ
(Here, 'for ten years' is adverbial. The verb
is 'held' - transitive; the object is 'the post')
´%ü∑Δ/ Ø√¨¡†ç îËߪ’úøç,
ÅûªúÕ Ææç°æ-ü¿†’.
Passive: The post was held by him for ten
years.
2. He went home - In this sentence, the
verb 'went' is intransitive; so no passive.
Å®·ûË ÉC passive éÓÆæç ®√ߪ’-úø¢Ë’. English ¶«í¬
ûÁL-Æœ-†-¢√∞¡Ÿx É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x Passive ¢√úø®Ω’.
É™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx Passive ÅÆæ£æ«uçí¬ Öçô’çC; ûÁ©’-í∫’™
´’†ç, 'Å´÷t, ņoç ´çúø-•-úÕçüΔ?— ņo-ô’xí¬.
3. He swam a mile - 'swam' - intransitive - so
no passive
4. The watch cost nine hundred rupees- cost
- intransitive, no passive.
Q. a) He committed suicide by consuming
Pesticides.
b) He committed suicide consuming pesticides.
e) Santosh: This is the road to the museum,
isn't it?
(´‚u>ߪ’ç ¢Á∞Ïx ®Óú˛ ÉüË
éπüΔ?)
Vinay: Yes, it is, (Å´¤†’)
Santosh: Thankyou
Vinay: You're (are) welcome/ It's a pleasure
f) Prasad: Thank you for the delicious dinner
Thanks)
Sukumar: Not at all. We enjoyed having you
too.
(°æÆæç-üÁj† Nçü¿’èπ◊ î√©
(àç °∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’. O’®Ω’ ®√´úøç
´÷é¬-†çü¿ç)
g) Bhoomika: Many happy returns of the day.
Here's your birth day gift.
(†’Ny-™«Íí î√™« °æ¤öÀd† ®ÓV©’ ï®Ω’°æ¤-éÓ-¢√L. ÉCíÓ Fèπ◊ 鬆’éπ.)
Chandrika: Oh, how lovely! Thank you very
much.
thanks)
Bhoomika: Oh, it's my pleasure/ It's OK.
(áçûª ¶«´¤çüÓ! î√©
(àç °æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’)
d) Sneha: Please give me your pen.
Nethra: Here you are
Sneha: Thanks
Nethra: It's ok
4. The watch cost nine hundred rupees
îËߪ’úøç)
How kind of you!
It is good manners to express your appreciation of the help you get from others. The usual
way of doing it is to thank the person who has
helped you. Look at the following conversation
3. He swam a mile
Passive: His fortune will be run through by
him.
2) He will soon run through his fortune.
sentences
sive voice
2) He will soon run through
his fortune. Verb-run
through =
his fortune =
üËEE?
People laughed at him
é¬F, °j
2. He went home
1) People laughed at him,
Verb, laughed (at).
(ÅC Ø√ džçü¿ç/ àç °æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’)
É™« °æ-©’ Ææçü¿®√s¥©èπ◊,
®Ωéπ-®Ω-鬩
Ææpçü¿†©’†o°æpöÀéÃ,
ÅEoçöÀ éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´í¬ N†-°æúË Ææpçü¿†:
a) You are welcome
b) It's all right
and
c) It's my pleasure.
You're welcome
Practice
ņ-´îª’a.
•ü¿’©’
îËߪ’çúÕ.
what is the difference between the above.
A. He committed suicide by consuming pesticides- Correct. He committed suicide consuming pesticides- Wrong.
Sowmya Sahani, Namalapadu
Q. Clarity following doubts
O’®Ω’ í∫-ûªç-™ äéπ
¢√éπuç ®√¨»®Ω’. ÅC..
let her know that eating mangoes within limunderline
its wouldn't harm you-
Ééπ\úø
-îËÆœ-†
°æ-üΔ-Eo í∫’-Jç-* -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.
A. Ñ sentence ™ 'would' probability (ïJÍí
Å´é¬-¨¡ç)†’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC. 'Eating mangoes... does not harm her' = £æ…EîË-ߪ’ü¿’ (éπ*a-ûªçí¬ îÁ°æpôç)
'Eating mangoes... wouldn't harm her' = £æ…EîË-ߪ’ü¿’ (Åçûª éπ*aûªç é¬ü¿’)
Q. éÀç-C -¢√é¬u-©-†’ English ™éÀ -Å-†’-´-Cç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.
؈’ Ñ Ü∞x-E Building E éÌØ√-©†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’.
A. I am thinking of buying a building in this
town.
®Ìõ„d Açô’†o ††’o •A-´’-™«úÕ Ééπ\úÕéÀ BÆæ’éÌ*açC ´÷ Å´’t.
A. My mother pleaded with me and brought me
here as I was eating bread.
welcome
ÅE èπÿú≈
Ç -üÁߪ’uç ûª† ¨¡K-®Ωç-™éÀ ´*a ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-†oô’x §ƒ°æç
Ç¢Á’éÀ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’.
A. Alas! she doesn't know that the Ghost is
entering and leaving her body.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/chaduvu/chaduvuinner.asp?qry=spokenenglish