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Demographic Trends
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Demographic Trends: 2007
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2007
Demographic Trends:
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Statistics New Zealand. (2008). Demographic Trends: 2007
Wellington: Statistics New Zealand
Published in January 2008 by
Statistics New Zealand
Tatauranga Aotearoa
Wellington, New Zealand
ISSN 0133-3667 (print)
ISSN 1177-8075 (online)
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Demographic Trends: 2007
1 Section Heading
Preface
Demographic Trends is Statistics New Zealand’s main reference volume on population
and related statistics. Published annually, it provides commentaries and tables on
major demographic indicators of the New Zealand population. The topics covered
are: population change and structure, births, marriage, divorce, deaths, life expectancy,
external migration, subnational population estimates, induced abortions, and national
and subnational demographic projections.
This issue also carries a special article entitled “Busy making other plans: increases
in childlessness in New Zealand” by Bill Boddington and Robert Didham, which uses
Census 2006 data to examine increases in voluntary childlessness in New Zealand.
A full report on childlessness will be published later in 2008.
I would like to thank Megan Murphy, Sarah Voon, Alan Ambury, Joel Watkins,
Kim Dunstan, Emma Gee and other members of the Population Statistics Unit for
the work they have done in the preparation of this publication.
Geoff Bascand
Government Statistician
iii
Demographic Trends: 2007
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National population estimates
Age- and sex-specific estimates are rounded to the nearest 10.
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Subnational populations of 10,000 or greater, but less than 20,000, are rounded to the
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Subnational populations of 20,000 or greater are rounded to the nearest 100.
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P
R
..
...
provisional
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iv
Demographic Trends: 2007
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v
Demographic Trends: 2007
Contents
List of tables and figures ............................................................................................................ vii
Article: Busy making other plans: Increases in childlessness in New Zealand ...........2
Chapters
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Population change and structure....................................................................................12
Births ....................................................................................................................................... 34
Marriage, civil union and divorce ....................................................................................61
Deaths and life expectancy .............................................................................................. 80
External migration ............................................................................................................ 109
Subnational population estimates .............................................................................. 124
Induced abortions ............................................................................................................ 132
National demographic projections .............................................................................. 145
Subnational demographic projections ....................................................................... 155
Glossary ........................................................................................................................................ 168
Maps .............................................................................................................................................. 180
References ................................................................................................................................... 182
vi
Demographic Trends: 2007
List of tables and figures
Summary table
Demographic indicators, New Zealand 2005–2007 .......................................................................1
Tables by chapter
1
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
2
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
Population change and structure
Estimated population and annual growth rate, New Zealand and selected
countries, 1995–2006 .............................................................................................................. 15
Total and Mäori populations, 1858–2006 Censuses of Population
and Dwellings................................................................................................................................ 16
Estimated population, 1972–2007....................................................................................... 17
Estimated population by sex, 1941–2007......................................................................... 19
Components of population change, 1961–2007 ........................................................... 21
Total estimated resident population by age, 31 December 2006 ............................ 22
Mäori estimated resident population by age, 31 December 2006 .......................... 25
Total estimated population by age group, 1976–2007 ................................................ 28
Estimated population of people aged 65 and over, 1976–2007 ............................. 29
Total estimated resident population and median age, 1996–2007 ........................ 30
Mäori estimated resident population and median age, 1996–2007 ...................... 32
Births
Live and still births, by nuptiality, 1964–2006 ................................................................. 38
Live births, by ethnicity, 1996–2006 ................................................................................... 39
Live births by Mäori descent, 1996–2006 ........................................................................ 40
Live births, by ethnicity of mother and child, year ended
31 December 2006 ................................................................................................................... 41
Live births by mother’s age and ethnicity, 1998–2006 ................................................ 42
Single and multiple births, by live/still combination, 1971–2006 ............................ 43
Confinements resulting in live and still births, by mother’s age, year ended
31 December 2006 ................................................................................................................... 44
Live nuptial confinements, by mother’s previous births, 1962–2006 .................... 45
Live nuptial confinements, by mother’s age and previous births (parity),
1962–2006................................................................................................................................... 46
Selected fertility rates, total population, 1962–2006 .................................................... 50
Selected fertility rates, Mäori population, 1962–2006.................................................. 51
Total fertility rate, New Zealand and selected countries, 1994–2006..................... 52
Age-specific fertility rates, New Zealand and selected countries, latest
available years ............................................................................................................................... 53
Age-specific fertility rates, total population, 1962–2006 .............................................. 54
Age-specific fertility rates, Mäori population, 1962–2006 ........................................... 55
Age-specific nuptial and ex-nuptial fertility rates, 1962–2006 ................................... 56
Cumulative fertility rates, by selected ages, cohorts of women born
1905–1986 ................................................................................................................................... 58
Ages by which 25, 50 and 75 percent of childbearing has been completed,
by women born 1905–1973 .................................................................................................. 59
Live births by regional council area, 1993–2006 ........................................................... 60
vii
Demographic Trends: 2007
3
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
4
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
4.18
4.19
4.20
4.21
Marriage, civil union and divorce
Marriages and marriage rates, 1961–2006 ....................................................................... 65
Marriages by previous marital status and age, year ended
31 December 2006 ................................................................................................................... 66
Age-specific marriage rates, 1966–2006 ........................................................................... 68
Age-specific first marriage rates, 1966–2006................................................................... 69
Median age at marriage, by previous marital status, 1935–2006 ............................ 70
Males and females never married, by age group, 1966–2006 Censuses of
Population and Dwellings ......................................................................................................... 71
Marriages by previous marital status, 1953–2006 ......................................................... 72
First marriages and remarriages, 1954–2006 .................................................................. 73
Divorces and divorce rates, 1961–2006 ............................................................................ 74
Divorces and divorce rates by age group, 1996–2006 ................................................ 75
Divorces by duration of marriage, 1961–2006................................................................ 77
Proportion of marriages ending in divorce, 1967–2001 .............................................. 78
Civil unions by relationship type, 2005–2006 ................................................................. 79
Deaths and life expectancy
Infant and total deaths, 1961–2006 .................................................................................... 84
Deaths by ethnicity, 1996–2006 .......................................................................................... 85
Deaths by Mäori descent, 1996–2006 .............................................................................. 86
Deaths by ethnic group, year ended 31 December 2006 .......................................... 87
Crude, standardised and infant death rates, total and Mäori populations,
1961–2006 ................................................................................................................................... 88
Deaths by age and sex, total and Mäori populations, year ended
31 December 2006 ................................................................................................................... 89
New Zealand complete period life table, 2000–2002 ................................................. 92
New Zealand complete period life table, Mäori population, 2000–2002 ............. 94
Mortality rates by age and sex, total population, New Zealand complete life
tables, 1950–2002..................................................................................................................... 96
Mortality rates by age and sex, Mäori population, New Zealand complete life
tables, 1950–2002..................................................................................................................... 97
Ratio of male to female mortality rates, total and Mäori populations,
New Zealand complete life tables, 1950–2002 ............................................................. 98
Ratio of Mäori to total mortality rates, male and female, New Zealand
complete life tables, 1950–2002 ......................................................................................... 99
Number of survivors at selected ages, total population, New Zealand
complete life tables, 1950–2002 .......................................................................................100
Number of survivors at selected ages, Mäori population, New Zealand
complete life tables, 1950–2002 .......................................................................................101
Life expectancy at selected ages, total population, New Zealand complete
life tables, 1950–2002 ...........................................................................................................102
Life expectancy at selected ages, Mäori population, New Zealand complete
life tables, 1950–2002 ...........................................................................................................103
Life expectancy at selected ages, regional council areas, 1995–1997 and
2000–2002.................................................................................................................................104
Life expectancy at selected ages, selected territorial authority areas,
1995–1997 and 2000–2002..............................................................................................105
Life expectancy at birth, New Zealand and selected countries, latest
available period ..........................................................................................................................106
Cohort life expectancy, at selected ages, by sex, birth cohorts 1876–1932 .......107
Age by which 25, 50 and 75 percent of birth cohort have died, by sex,
birth cohorts 1876–1939.......................................................................................................108
viii
Demographic Trends: 2007
5
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
7
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
9
9.01
9.02
External migration
Arrivals, departures and net migration, by sex, 1979–2007 .....................................112
Quarterly arrivals, departures and net migration, by sex, 1995–2007..................114
Arrivals, departures and net migration, by age group, class and sex, year
ended 30 June 2007 ...............................................................................................................116
Permanent and long-term migration by occupation, 1997–2007 ..........................118
Permanent and long-term migration by country of citizenship, 1979–2007......119
Permanent and long-term migration, by country of last or next permanent
residence, 1981–2007............................................................................................................120
Overseas visitor arrivals, by country of last permanent residence,
1999–2007 .................................................................................................................................122
New Zealand resident short-term departures, by country of main destination,
1999–2007 .................................................................................................................................123
Subnational population estimates
Area, estimated resident population and population change, regional council
areas, 2001–2007 ....................................................................................................................127
Area, estimated resident population and population change, territorial
authority areas, 2001–2007..................................................................................................128
Area, estimated resident population and population change, urban areas,
2001–2007 .................................................................................................................................130
Components of population change, regional council areas, 2001–2007 ...........131
Induced abortions
Induced abortions, rates and ratios, 1979–2006..........................................................136
General abortion rate, New Zealand and other low fertility countries,
1996–2005.................................................................................................................................137
Induced abortions and abortion rates, by age, 1996–2006 .....................................138
Induced abortions, by age group and previous live births, 2002–2006 ..............139
Induced abortions, by age group and estimated duration of pregnancy,
2002–2006.................................................................................................................................140
Induced abortions by ethnicity, 2006 ................................................................................141
Induced abortions by age group and ethnicity, 2002–2006 ....................................142
Known pregnancies and crude abortion ratios, by age, 1996–2006 ....................143
Known pregnancies and pregnancy rates, by age, 1996–2006..............................144
National demographic projections
Projected population of New Zealand, 1991–2061 (2006-base) .........................149
Projected population by age group, assuming medium fertility, mortality and
long-run annual net migration of 10,000, 1991–2061 (2006-base) ...................150
Projected ethnic population of New Zealand, assuming medium fertility,
mortality, migration and inter-ethnic mobility, 2001(base)–2021 update ..........151
Projected labour force of New Zealand, 1991–2051 (2001-base) update........152
Projected families by family type, assuming medium fertility, mortality,
migration and ‘B’ living arrangement type rates, 2001(base)–2021 update .....153
Projected households by household type, assuming medium fertility, mortality,
migration and ‘B’ living arrangement type rates, 2001(base)–2021 update .....154
Subnational demographic projections
Projected population of regional council areas, 2006(base)–2031 ......................160
Projected population of territorial authority areas, 2006–2031 (2006-base) ...162
ix
Demographic Trends: 2007
Figures in article
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Women remaining childless, by age and year of birth .....................................................2
Average family size, by age .........................................................................................................3
Distribution of women by number of children born, 1996 and 2006 ......................4
Life events .........................................................................................................................................4
Childlessness, by social marital status.....................................................................................5
Childlessness of non-partnered and never married women, 1981, 1996
and 2006 Censuses ......................................................................................................................6
Childless women of selected larger Christian denominations, 2006 .........................7
Childless women by ethnicity, 2006 .......................................................................................8
New Zealand-born childless women, by ethnicity..............................................................8
Childless women by area, 2006 ...............................................................................................9
Childless women in main urban areas, by ethnicity, 2006.......................................... 10
Figures by chapter
1
1.01
Population change and structure
Components of population change, 1961–2007 ........................................................... 12
2
2.01
Births
Live births and fertility rates, 1921–2006 .......................................................................... 34
3
3.01
Marriage, civil union and divorce
Marriage and divorce rates, 1961–2006 ............................................................................ 61
4
4.01
Deaths and life expectancy
Life expectancy at birth, 1950–2006 period life tables ................................................ 80
5
5.01
External migration
Annual permanent and long-term arrivals, departures and net migration,
1979–2007 .................................................................................................................................109
6
6.01
Subnational population estimates
Regional population change 2006–2007 ........................................................................124
7
7.01
Induced abortions
Age-specific abortion rates, 1981–2006 ..........................................................................132
8
8.01
National demographic projections
Population by age group, 1951–2061 ..............................................................................145
9
9.01
9.02
Subnational demographic projections
Median ages in 2006 and 2031, selected territorial authority areas .....................155
Average annual projected population perecentage change 2006–2031,
territorial authority areas ..........................................................................................................159
x
Demographic Trends: 2007
Summary table
Demographic Indicators
New Zealand
2005–2007
2005
2006
2007
Estimated resident population at 30 June
Male
Female
People
Under 15 years (number)
Under 15 years (percent)
15–64 years (number)
15–64 years (percent)
65+ years (number)
65+ years (percent)
Median age (years)
Sex ratio (males/100 females)
Annual growth rate (percent)
2,025,200
2,108,700
4,133,900
890,240
21.5
2,747,240
66.5
496,390
12.0
35.5
96.0
1.1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
2,048,300
2,136,200
4,184,600
888,310
21.2
2,784,640
66.5
511,620
12.2
35.8
95.9
1.2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
2,070,800
2,157,600
4,228,300
888,430
21.0
2,813,180
66.5
526,700
12.5
36.1
96.0
1.0
Vital statistics, year ended 31 December
Live births
Stillbirths
Nuptial births
Ex-nuptial births
Deaths
Natural increase
Marriages
Divorces
Abortions
57,745
360
31,673
26,072
27,034
30,711
20,470
9,972
17,531
59,193
370
31,246
27,947
28,245
30,948
21,461
10,065
17,934
79,139
70,546
8,593
80,076
69,388
10,688
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Permanent and long-term migration, year ended 30 June
Arrivals
Departures
Net migration
82,700
72,622
10,078
Demographic indices, year ended 31 December
Crude birth rate (births per 1,000 mean population)
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
Crude death rate (deaths per 1,000 mean population)
Infant mortality rate (deaths under one year per 1,000 live births)
Life expectancy at birth 2004–2006 (years of life)
Male
Female
Difference (female - male)
General marriage rate (marriages per 1,000 not-married population)
Divorce rate (divorces per 1,000 existing marriages)
General abortion rate (abortions per 1,000 women aged 15–44 years)
Median age of women having a baby (years)
Median age at marriage (years)
Male
Female
Median age at divorce (years)
Male
Female
Median age of women having an abortion (years)
1
14.0 R
2.0 R
6.5 R
5.1
14.1 R
2.0 R
6.7 R
5.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
13.6 R
11.9 R
19.3 R
30.4
77.9
81.9
4.1
13.9 R
11.9 R
19.6 R
30.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
32.5
30.4
32.6
30.4
..
..
43.3
40.8
24.7
44.0
41.4
24.5
..
..
..
Demographic Trends: 2007
Article
Busy making other plans: increases in childlessness in
New Zealand
Bill Boddington and Robert Didham
Women born in 1965 had reached 40 years of age, and thus largely completed their
childbearing, by the time of the 2006 Census. Census results from the question
about the number of children born alive showed that one in six of these 40-year-old
women had never actually started a family. Moreover, for those born 10 years later, in
1975, indications are that around one in four may remain childless throughout their
reproductive lives. This being the case, childlessness will become more common than
having just one child and may even surpass having three children, to become the
second most popular – or at least common – family size (the mode being
two children).
For a significant proportion of women, however, childlessness is not a life choice; rather
it is a consequence of either their or their partner’s infertility. Estimates of the natural
infertility level vary but it is generally accepted that around 7 percent of women remain
childless because of infertility problems (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2002; Wheeler,
2005). Thus, the increase in voluntary childlessness has been even more dramatic.
Voluntary childlessness has increased more than ten-fold, from less than 1 percent of
women born in 1936, to almost 10 percent of women born in 1965.
Figure 1
25
Women Remaining Childless
By age and year of birth
Percent
1981 Census
1996 Census
2006 Census
20
15
Voluntary childlessness
10
5
Involuntary childlessness
0
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
Age (years) at 2006 Census
1890
1895
1905
1915
1925
1935
1945
1955
Year of birth
Figure 1 shows the recent increases in childlessness in a longer historical context. By
incorporating data from the 1996 and 1981 Censuses we are able to show (on the left
of the graph) the level of childlessness for cohorts who would have been aged 115 at
the 2006 Census. Moving across to the right of the graph, we shift 75 years to women
aged 40 years in 2006.
2
1965
Demographic Trends: 2007
While older generations may still stigmatise childlessness, clearly it is an increasingly
popular lifestyle choice. As figure 1 shows, there is historical precedence, particularly
among those women born around 1900, to suggest that levels of childlessness could
rise further. International comparisons support this conclusion. Approximately 12 percent
of New Zealand women born in the early 1950s did not have children. This compared
with 13 percent of Australian women and at least 17 percent of American, German,
Austrian and Swiss women (Rowland, 1998). Studies of more recent cohorts in
Australia and the United States suggest that one-quarter of women will remain childless
(Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2002), while rates in Germany are currently approaching
30 percent.
Demographically, the implications of a sizeable proportion of the population remaining
childless are huge (Didham 2006). If one in four females remains childless, the
remaining population must average 2.8 children to achieve replacement level fertility.
Figure 2
(1)
Average Family Size
By age
2006
2.8
Number of children per woman
2.6
2.4
Same as other mothers
Two children
2.2
One child
2.0
Observed fertility
0.0
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
Age in 2006 (years)
(1) If voluntary childless women had achieved various levels of parity.
Assuming a 7 percent underlying level of natural infertility, figure 2 highlights how the
average number of children per woman would be affected if voluntary childless women
had instead had one or two children or indeed had had the same fertility as other
mothers. Over the 20-year age span in figure 2, voluntary childlessness is estimated to
have increased from 2.3 percent of the female population to 9.6 percent.
In short, if the trend continues and one in four women remain childless, the typical
New Zealand family would need to increase substantially in size just to maintain
replacement level fertility. Given current social, economic and time constraints on
parents, any increases seem unlikely.
3
60
Demographic Trends: 2007
Figure 3
Distribution of Women by Number of Children Born
1996 and 2006
40
Percent
1996
2006
30
20
10
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Number of children
Moreover, as figure 3 suggests, the growth in the proportion of women not having
children, or having only one child, has been at the expense of larger families with
three or more children. The mode, two children, remained unchanged at 36 percent
of women between the 1996 and 2006 Censuses. This is despite ageing within the
childbearing population.
If we are to understand New Zealand fertility, we must understand the rise in voluntary
childlessness. Nevertheless, the term ‘voluntary’ may be a misnomer. Studies suggest
that few women consciously make the decision early in life to remain childless. On the
contrary, deciding not to have children happens as a consequence of other life events
(for example education, career, mortgages, changes in family and partners) (McAllister
and Clarke, 1998). Thus, for many couples, childlessness is what happens while they
are busy making other plans.
Figure 4
Life Events
Event
Childbearing
Care of parents
Career
Mortgage
Education
0
20
40
Age (years)
4
60
80
10
Demographic Trends: 2007
Figure 4 attempts to graphically show how other life events might impinge on
childbearing. It shows the normal age range of childbearing, as well as the approximate
age ranges for some important life events.
Those who are not childless or who are planning a family may view voluntary
childlessness negatively. Some hold the more extreme view that the rise in childlessness
reflects the derogation of marriage, family and religious or cultural values. Yet it would
be difficult to argue that society is worse off if people who have neither the time
nor the inclination to raise children choose not to start a family. However, the social
consequences of childbearing or childlessness do not end simply with raising or not
raising a family. In adulthood, roles typically reverse and adult children provide care and
support to elderly parents. It will be another 40 years before the final consequences of
the childlessness experienced in the 1980s is felt.
It has been argued that there was virtually no voluntary childlessness among women
born in the early 1930s; that is, among women of prime childbearing age in the 1950s.
Consequently, there is little point in looking for socio-economic or cultural differences in
childlessness among these cohorts. Where differences do exist, they would reflect socioeconomic differences in infertility or, more likely, a tendency for the infertile to gravitate
into particular socio-economic groupings.
Since childlessness is an emerging phenomenon – or possibly the re-emergence of
a phenomenon shared with grandparents or great-grandparents – care is needed in
interpreting any analysis. As with any social change, some groups may respond quickly
to new social dynamics, but a slow take-up does not necessarily mean that levels will
remain low. With this in mind let us consider the previous assertion that voluntary
childlessness reflects the derogation of marriage, family and religious or cultural values.
Marital status
Figure 5
Childlessness
By social marital status
2006
100
Percent
80
Non-partnered/never married
De facto partnership
60
Legally partnered/previously married
40
20
0
40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90
Age (years)
The link between marriage patterns and childlessness is difficult to untangle. Over the
past 30 years, childlessness has risen at the same time that de facto unions and other
living arrangements have grown in popularity. Yet this may reflect underlying social
change rather than necessarily any cause and effect.
5
Demographic Trends: 2007
Analysis of address information supplied on the ‘Notice of Intended Marriage’ suggests
that at least three-quarters of those who marry were living together prior to marriage.
If de facto partnering is a stepping stone to marriage, then comparisons between the
fertility of these two groups are not entirely valid.
Given this, it is perhaps not surprising that figure 5 shows only very modest increases in
childlessness among legally married women aged 40 years and over. Increases in the
popularity of de facto unions will be distorting the comparisons between married and
de facto. Combining the two groups into one group, ‘partnered’, limits the comparison to
those partnered with those who have never married and are not currently partnered.
Because the proportion of partnered women who are childless increases and levels
of childlessness among those non-partnered and never married decreases, one
might wrongly conclude that increases in childlessness result entirely from reduced
childbearing among partnered women. This ignores the dramatic rise in the number
of women choosing not to partner. For example, in 1986, 6 percent of women aged
35–39 years had never married or were non-partnered; in 2006 this had risen to
14 percent. The growth in this population has been at the expense of the partnered
population, who typically have low levels of childlessness. So although a much greater
proportion of never married/non-partnered women are choosing to have children, this is
outweighed by increases in this population.
Figure 6
Childlessness of Non-partnered and Never Married Women
1981, 1996 and 2006 Censuses
100
Percent
80
2006
1996
60
1981
40
0
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
Age (years)
Figure 6 reveals the dramatic increases in childbearing amongst the non-partnered/
never married group. As women over the age of 45 have completed their childbearing,
anything other than a horizontal line on the graph at these ages reflects a shift in
patterns of overall childlessness and probably partnering. The dramatic decreases in
childlessness (that is, increases in childbearing) in this group are even more obvious
when results of the 1981, 1996 and 2006 Censuses are compared. From historical
highs of 96 or 97 percent of women in this group remaining childless, levels have fallen
until almost half now have children.
6
80
85
Demographic Trends: 2007
Religious affiliation
Figure 7
100
Childless Women of Selected Larger Christian Denominations
2006
Percent
Anglican
80
Catholic
Methodist
60
Presbyterian, congregational and reformed
40
No religion
20
0
15–
19
20–
24
25–
29
30–
34
35–
39
40–
44
45–
49
50–
54
55–
59
60–
64
65–
69
70–
74
75–
79
80–
84
Age group (years)
Religion is one of the easiest factors to eliminate as being a significant determinant
of childlessness. This is despite most religious teachings placing some importance
on marriage, family and children. People who have an affiliation with a religion have
surprisingly similar patterns of childlessness to those with no religious affiliation. Where
differences do exist, they can often be explained by other factors such as immigration,
ethnicity or population structure. Nevertheless, some of the smaller religions, particularly
those with relatively few members, do appear to influence levels of childlessness
among adherents.
Figure 7 plots childlessness among people affiliated with four large Christian
denominations and people with no religious affiliation. Methodists have very slightly
lower levels of childlessness at younger ages as a consequence of higher proportions
of their congregation who are Mäori or Pacific (Didham, 2001). There also appears to
be very slight increases in childlessness for women aged 25–69 years who have no
religious affiliation. However, in general these five groups exhibit almost identical levels
of childlessness.
7
85+
Demographic Trends: 2007
Ethnicity
Figure 8
30
Childless Women by Ethnicity
2006
Percent
European
25
Asian
20
Pacific peoples
15
Maori
10
5
0
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80–84
85+
Age group (years)
Both Mäori and Pacific women have fertility rates well above replacement level and
much younger onset of childbearing than their European or Asian counterparts. This
is commonly attributed to the cultural value placed on the virtue of having children.
Yet when levels of childlessness are examined for ages that have completed, or
largely completed, their childbearing, some similarities in the levels and patterns of
childlessness emerge. Moreover, for the age groups 65–69 and 70–74 years, levels of
childlessness are slightly lower among European than among Mäori or Pacific women.
Figure 9
New Zealand-born Childless Women
By ethnicity
2006
40
Percent
Maori
30
Pacific peoples
Asian
20
European
10
0
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80–84
Age group (years)
Note: Because of migration histories the data for Pacific and Asian women suffer from volatility at older ages.
The lines for Pacific and Asian have been truncated where volatility was deemed to be a problem.
8
85+
Demographic Trends: 2007
Among Asian women, childlessness is artificially low because of immigration policy and
practice that has, to some extent, favoured partnered females and family migration.
For example, the 5.2 percent of childlessness for Asian women aged 65–69 rises to
9.3 percent if women who were born overseas are excluded from the analysis. Indeed,
restricting the analysis to New Zealand-born shows that Asian women have much higher
levels of childlessness than European women at most ages. Moreover, New Zealandborn European and Pacific women have surprisingly similar patterns of childlessness.
One possible explanation for the observed patterns is the varying degrees of
urbanisation among the various ethnic groups. More than 90 percent of all Asian and
Pacific people live in main urban areas compared with 70 percent of Europeans and
65 percent of Mäori.
Figure 10
30
Childless Women by Area
2006
Percent
Main urban areas
25
Other urban areas
20
Rural areas
15
10
5
0
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80–84
Age group (years)
Childlessness is more common among women living in main urban areas. Career
and education priorities, and even the cost of living contribute to this phenomenon.
However, figure 10 suggests another factor: the larger social networks available in urban
areas. More than 85 percent of all women still have children, and increased social
acceptance of childlessness does not mean childless women share a common life
perspective with women who have children. In smaller communities this may be more
of an issue than in large communities with wider social networks. The fact that childless
women have gravitated to urban areas is evidenced by the higher levels of childlessness
in those areas among women aged in their late 60s and early 70s – as there is no
reason to believe natural infertility varied with urbanisation. The gravitation to urban
areas is also borne out by an analysis of internal migration flows of childless women.
9
85+
Demographic Trends: 2007
Figure 11
Childless Women in Main Urban Areas
By ethnicity
2006
40
Percent
European
30
Maori
Pacific peoples
20
Asian
10
0
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80–84
Age group (years)
Note: Because of migration histories the data for Pacific and Asian women suffer from volatility at older ages.
The lines for Pacific and Asian have been truncated where volatility was deemed to be a problem.
Despite evidence that urbanisation is a factor in childlessness, figure 11 shows an
almost identical pattern of childlessness by ethnicity to figure 9 when urbanisation was
not taken into account, albeit with some volatility caused by small populations.
Conclusion
The similarity of the levels of childlessness for Pacific and European women is an
unexpected finding, which only highlights our limited knowledge of the current
determinations of childlessness in New Zealand.
Investigating childlessness in Europe, Sobotka identified poor personal circumstances,
lifestyle constraints and, most notably, low educational attainment as being linked to
increased intention to remain childless. While intentions do not necessarily translate
into outcomes, it is nevertheless hard to imagine these characteristics relating to similar
intentions in New Zealand. Here they continue to be linked to the opposite, and low
levels of childlessness among women with these characteristics have helped keep
New Zealand’s fertility rate around replacement level for the last 30 years. But the
levels of childlessness currently being experienced overseas, coupled with Sobotka’s
findings, do create significant potential for change. Other things remaining equal, a rise
in childlessness to one in four women would see the total fertility rate drop below
1.8 births per women. However, as changes in childlessness are unlikely to occur
uniformly, there is much that can be gained by understanding childlessness.
This paper is part of an ongoing investigation of the childlessness revealed by the 2006
Census. The full paper, which will be published in 2008, examines the socio-economic
characteristics of childless women in more detail.
10
85+
Demographic Trends: 2007
References
Australian Bureau of Statistics (1999). “Lifetime Childlessness”, Australian Demographic
Statistics, September Quarter 1999: Cat 3101.0.
Australian Bureau of Statistics (2002). “Family Formation: Trends in childlessness”,
Australian Social Trends, 2002: Cat 4102.0.
Callister, P and Didham, R (2007). “Sub-replacement fertility. Is this an issue for
New Zealand?” Policy Quarterly 3(4): 4–11.
Didham, R. (2001). Socio-economic Factors and the Fertility of New Zealand Women,
Statistics New Zealand, Wellington.
Didham, R (2004). Fertility of New Zealand Women by Ethnicity, Statistics New Zealand,
Wellington.
Didham, R (2006). “Fertility Research in Statistics New Zealand: Recent and planned
work”, paper presented at the seminar ‘Sub-replacement fertility - Is this an issue for
New Zealand?’ held at the Institute of Policy Studies, Victoria University, Wellington,
26 October.
McAllister, F and Clarke, L (1998). Choosing Childlessness, Family Policy Centre,
Joseph Roundtree Foundation.
Rowland, Donald T (1998). “Cross-National Trends in Childlessness”, Working Papers
in Demography, No.73 1998, Demography and Sociology Program, Australian
National University.
Sobotka, T and Testa, M R (2006). “Childlessness Intentions in Europe: A comparison of
Belgium (Flanders), Germany, Italy, Poland”, European Population Conference, Session
44, Liverpool, 21–24 June.
Wheeler, J (2005). “Decision-making styles of women who choose not to have children”,
Ninth Australian Institute of Family Studies Conference, Melbourne, 9–11 February.
11
Demographic Trends: 2007
1 Population change and structure
•
The estimated resident population of New Zealand was 4.23 million at 30 June 2007.
•
Estimated population growth was 43,700 (1.0 percent) during the June 2007 year.
•
Natural increase and net migration gain contributed 33,700 and 10,100, respectively,
to population growth during the June 2007 year.
•
The median ages for men and women were 35.3 and 36.9 years, respectively, at
30 June 2007.
•
Children (aged 0–14 years) made up 21.0 percent of the New Zealand population,
people of working ages (15–64 years) made up 66.5 percent, and those aged 65
years and over made up 12.5 percent, at 30 June 2007.
•
The Mäori ethnic group estimated resident population of New Zealand at
30 June 2007 was 632,900.
•
The Mäori population is much younger than the total population. The median age of
the Mäori ethnic group was 23.0 years of age at 30 June 2007, 13.1 years younger
than that of the total population.
•
New Zealand’s population reached four million in the first half of 2003. The country’s
first million was reached in 1908, with the two million mark following in 1952. The
three million mark was reached in 1973 – this was the ‘fastest’ million, achieved in
21 years.
Figure 1.01
Components of Population Change
1961–2007
80
(000)
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
01
03
05
June year
(1)
Natural increase
Net migration
(2)
Total population change
(1) Excess of births over deaths.
(2) Excess of arrivals over departures.
Note: Population change for 1961–90 refers to the de facto population, while population change from 1992 onwards refers to
the resident population. Population change for the June 1991 year is not available, as resident population estimates have only
been revised back to 31 March 1991.
12
07
Demographic Trends: 2007
Population concepts
There are three main population measures produced by Statistics New Zealand:
census night population count, census usually resident population count and estimated
resident population.
The census night population count is a count of all people present in New Zealand
on a given census night. It includes visitors from overseas who are counted on census
night, but excludes residents who are temporarily overseas on census night. The census
usually resident population count is a count of all people who usually live, and are
present, in New Zealand on a given census night. It excludes visitors from overseas and
residents who are temporarily overseas on census night.
The estimated resident population is an estimate of all people who usually live in
New Zealand at a given date. It includes all residents present in New Zealand and
counted by the census (census usually resident population count), residents who are
temporarily overseas (who are not included in the census), and an adjustment for
residents missed or counted more than once by the census (net census undercount).
Visitors from overseas are excluded.
Population growth
The estimated resident population of New Zealand at 30 June 2007 was 4,228,300.
This represents an increase of 43,700 (1.0 percent) over the 30 June 2006 estimate of
4,184,600. The population growth recorded in the June 2007 year is below the average
annual increase of 44,700 (1.1 percent) during the last decade. The mean estimated
resident population for the year ended 30 June 2007 was 4,209,300.
The population growth during the June 2007 year was due to a natural increase (excess
of births over deaths) of 33,700 and net permanent and long-term migration of 10,100.
Historically, natural increase has been the dominant element in population growth.
During the last decade, the excess of births over deaths accounted for around two-thirds
of New Zealand’s population growth.
Median age
New Zealand, along with other OECD countries, has an ageing population because of
low fertility and low mortality. At 30 June 2007, half the New Zealand population was
over the age of 36.1 years, compared with a median age of 33.2 years a decade earlier.
The median age for females is now 36.9 years, while for males it is 35.3 years.
The higher median age for females reflects their higher life expectancy, 81.9 years,
compared with 77.9 years for males (New Zealand abridged period life table 2004–
2006). In the past decade, the median age has increased by 2.8 years for males and
2.9 years for females.
Age structure
The age composition of New Zealand’s population has changed over the last decade.
Between the 1997 and 2007 June years, the number of children (aged 0–14 years)
grew by 18,900 (2.2 percent) from 869,500 to 888,400. In the June 2007 year,
children made up 21.0 percent of all New Zealanders, compared with 23.0 percent
in 1997.
The number of New Zealanders of working age (15–64 years) reached 2,813,200 at
30 June 2007. This age group, which accounted for 66.5 percent of New Zealand’s
population in 2007, increased by 337,600 (13.6 percent) between the 1997 and
2007 June years. People in the older working ages (45–64 years) recorded a larger
percentage increase (33.5 percent) than younger workers (4.7 percent) over the last
13
Demographic Trends: 2007
decade. The median age of the working-age population is now 39.0 years compared
with 36.7 years a decade earlier.
The number of New Zealanders aged 65 years and over (65+) continues to grow.
Between June 1997 and 2007 their number increased by 90,400 (20.7 percent), from
436,300 to 526,700. The 65 years and over age group is itself ageing and this partly
reflects the continuing improvement in longevity. Males and females aged 90 years
and over recorded the largest growth during the last decade, up 74.8 and 57.0 percent
respectively. Over the same time, the median age for the 65 years and over age group
has increased from 73.5 years to 74.0 years. Women significantly outnumber men in
the older age groups. There are about two-thirds more women than men aged 80 years
and over.
Mäori population estimates
The estimated resident population of the Mäori ethnic group at 30 June 2007 was
632,900. The Mäori population is much younger than the total population. Half of
New Zealand’s Mäori ethnic group population was under 23.0 years of age at
30 June 2007, 13.1 years younger than the median age of the total population.
Limitations are inherent in the data used to derive Mäori population estimates. For
example, no data on external migration for the Mäori ethnic group are available. All
estimates for the Mäori ethnic group are supplied only as a guide for research and
other analytical purposes.
Base population
The latest estimates available are based on the 2006 Census usually resident
population. The base population at 30 June 2006 was derived by updating the census
usually resident population counts from the 2006 Census for: net census undercount
(as measured by the 2006 Post-enumeration Survey); the number of residents
temporarily overseas on census night; births, deaths and net permanent and long-term
migration between census night (7 March 2006) and 30 June 2006; and reconciliation
with demographic estimates at ages 0–4 years.
Where to find additional information
National population estimates information releases are available on the Statistics
New Zealand website at:
www.stats.govt.nz/products-and-services/info-releases/nat-pop-est-info-releases.htm
Additional tables are available on the Statistics NZ website at:
www.stats.govt.nz/tables/current+pop-additional-tbls.htm
Mäori population estimates from 1991 onwards are available on the Statistics NZ
website at: www.stats.govt.nz/tables/maori-popn-est-tables.htm
Base populations for estimates and projections can be found at:
www.stats.govt.nz/tables/population-estimates.htm
For a real-time approximation of New Zealand’s resident population, visit our Population
Clock at: www.stats.govt.nz/populationclock.htm
For information about national population estimates, go to:
www2.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/omni/omni.nsf/outputs/population+estimates
14
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 1.01
Estimated Population and Annual Growth Rate
New Zealand and selected countries
1995–2006
Country
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Estimated population (million)
Australia(1)
18.1
18.3
18.5
18.7
18.9
19.2
19.4
19.7 R
19.9
20.1
20.4 R
20.7
Canada(2)
29.4
29.6
29.9
30.2
30.4
30.7
31.0
31.4
31.7
32.0 R
32.3
32.6
Denmark(2)
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
51.3
51.4
51.6
51.7
51.9
52.1
52.4
52.6
52.8
53.1 R
53.4
53.7
59.9 R
60.3 R
60.6 R
61.0 R
61.4
England and Wales (1)
France(3)
57.8
58.0
58.2
58.7
59.0
Japan(4)
125.6
125.9
126.2
126.5
126.7
126.9
127.3
16.1
Netherlands(5)
58.3 R
59.5 R
127.5 R 127.7 R 127.8 R 127.8 R 127.8
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
16.0
NEW ZEALAND(1)
3.7
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.9
3.9 R
3.9 R
4.0 R
4.1 R
4.1 R
4.2 R
Norway(3)
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.7
Scotland(1)
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
Sweden(3)
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.9
8.9
8.9
8.9
8.9
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.1
266.3
269.4
272.6
275.9
279.0
282.2
United States(2)
16.2
16.3
285.2 R 288.1 R 290.8
16.3
16.3
16.4
293.6 R 296.5 R 299.4
Annual growth rate (percent)(6)
Australia(1)
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.5
Canada(2)
1.1
0.9
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
Denmark(2)
0.4
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
England and Wales (1)
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.6
France(3)
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
Japan(4)
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
Netherlands(5)
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.1
NEW ZEALAND(1)
1.5
1.6
1.3
0.9
0.5
0.6
0.6
1.8
2.0
1.5
1.1
1.2
Norway(3)
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.8
Scotland(1)
0.0
-0.2
-0.2
-0.1
-0.1
-0.2
0.0
-0.2
0.1
0.4
0.3
0.4
Sweden(3)
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.6
United States(2)
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
(1) At 30 June.
(2) At 1 July.
(3) Mean year ended 31 December.
(4) At 1 October.
(5) At 31 December.
(6) A minus sign denotes a rate of population decline.
Note: Sources for international data are located in the references section at the end of this publication.
15
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 1.02
Total and Mäori Populations
1858–2006 Censuses of Population and Dwellings
Mäori population(1)
Total population
Intercensal increase
Census date
Population
Number
Percent
Intercensal increase/decrease
Average
annual
(percent)
Population
Number
Percent
Average
annual
(percent)
Census night population count(2)
24 December
1858
115,461
…
…
…
56,049
…
…
…
1 March
3 March
1874
1878
344,985
458,007
…
113,022
…
32.76
…
7.33
47,331
45,543
…
-1,788
…
-3.78
…
-0.96
3 April
28 March
1881
1886
534,030
620,451
76,023
86,421
16.60
16.18
5.10
3.06
46,140
43,926
597
-2,214
1.31
-4.80
0.42
-0.98
5 April
12 April
1891
1896
668,652
743,214
48,201
74,562
7.77
11.15
1.50
2.13
44,178
42,114
252
-2,064
0.57
-4.67
0.11
-0.95
31 March
29 April
1901
1906
815,862
936,309
72,648
120,447
9.77
14.76
1.90
2.75
45,549
50,310
3,435
4,761
8.16
10.45
1.59
1.98
2 April
15 October
1911
1916
1,058,313
1,149,225
122,004
90,912
13.03
8.59
2.52
1.50
52,722
52,998
2,412
276
4.79
0.52
0.96
0.09
17 April
1921
1,271,667
122,442
10.65
2.27
56,988
3,990
7.53
1.62
20 April
1926
1,408,140
136,473
10.73
2.06
69,780
..
..
..
24 March
1936
1,573,812
165,672
11.77
1.13
94,053
24,273
34.79
3.05
25 September
1945
1,702,329
128,517
8.17
0.83
115,647
21,594
22.96
2.20
17 April
17 April
1951
1956
1,939,473
2,174,061
237,144
234,588
13.93
12.10
2.37
2.31
134,097
162,258
18,450
28,161
15.95
21.00
2.70
3.88
18 April
22 March
1961
1966
2,414,985
2,676,918
240,924
261,933
11.08
10.85
2.12
2.11
201,159
249,237
38,901
48,078
23.97
23.90
4.39
4.45
23 March
23 March
1971
1976
2,862,630
3,129,384
185,712
266,754
6.94
9.32
1.35
1.80
289,887
356,574
40,650
66,687
16.31
23.00
3.07
4.23
24 March
4 March
1981
1986
3,175,737
3,307,083
46,353
131,346
1.48
4.14
0.29
0.82
385,224
405,309
28,650
20,085
8.03
5.21
1.56
1.03
5 March
5 March
1991
1996
3,434,949
3,681,546
127,866
246,597
3.87
7.18
0.76
1.40
435,618
524,034
30,309
88,416
7.48
20.30
1.45
3.76
6 March
7 March
2001
2006
3,820,749
4,143,282
139,203
322,533
3.78
8.44
0.74
1.63
527,067
566,496
3,033
39,429
0.58
7.48
0.12
1.45
Census usually resident population count(3)
24 March
4 March
1981
1986
3,143,307
3,263,283
..
119,976
..
3.82
..
0.76
385,221
404,775
..
19,554
..
5.08
..
1.01
5 March
5 March
1991
1996
3,373,926
3,618,303
110,643
244,377
3.39
7.24
0.67
1.41
434,847
523,371
30,072
88,524
7.43
20.36
1.44
3.77
6 March
7 March
2001
2006
3,737,277
4,027,947
118,974
290,670
3.29
7.78
0.65
1.51
526,281
565,329
2,910
39,048
0.56
7.42
0.11
1.44
(1) Because of reporting and definitional changes over time, this series should be treated with caution. This series is as consistent
as possible with the current definition of ethnicity.
(2) New Zealand residents and overseas visitors counted in New Zealand at each census.
(3) New Zealand residents counted in New Zealand at each census. These figures exclude residents temporarily overseas on census
night and make no adjustment for under-enumeration at each census, and therefore differ from the estimated resident population
presented in tables 1.03–1.11.
Note:
(a) This table omits censuses of 1861, 1864, 1867 and 1871, as Mäori censuses were not taken in those years.
(b) All census figures have been randomly rounded to base 3.
16
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 1.03
Estimated Population
1972–2007
Estimated
population
at
Date
Annual
percentage
increase/
decrease
Mean estimated
population
for the year
ended
Date
Estimated
population
at
Mean estimated
Annual
population
percentage
for the year
increase/
ended
decrease
Estimated de facto population
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
31 Mar
2,909,200
1.7
2,876,000
31 Mar
3,188,400
0.6
3,161,200
30 Jun
2,903,900
1.8
2,888,500
1982
30 Jun
3,156,100
1.0
3,167,300
30 Sep
2,920,300
1.8
2,901,400
30 Sep
3,167,800
0.7
3,173,900
31 Dec
2,959,700
2.1
2,915,600
31 Dec
3,226,800
1.0
3,180,800
31 Mar
2,973,200
2.2
2,931,300
31 Mar
3,226,600
1.2
3,189,500
30 Jun
2,961,300
2.0
2,946,400
30 Jun
3,199,300
1.4
3,199,700
30 Sep
2,981,400
2.1
2,961,300
30 Sep
3,214,800
1.5
3,211,000
31 Dec
3,024,900
2.2
2,977,100
31 Dec
3,264,800
1.2
3,221,700
31 Mar
3,040,600
2.3
2,993,600
31 Mar
3,260,300
1.0
3,230,600
30 Jun
3,023,700
2.1
3,009,800
30 Jun
3,227,100
0.9
3,238,300
30 Sep
3,044,200
2.1
3,025,500
30 Sep
3,244,400
0.9
3,245,500
31 Dec
3,091,900
2.2
3,041,800
31 Dec
3,293,000
0.9
3,252,800
31 Mar
3,102,500
2.0
3,057,800
31 Mar
3,284,400
0.7
3,259,300
30 Jun
3,083,100
2.0
3,073,000
30 Jun
3,247,100
0.6
3,264,700
30 Sep
3,097,100
1.7
3,087,100
30 Sep
3,256,400
0.4
3,268,700
31 Dec
3,143,700
1.7
3,100,100
31 Dec
3,303,100
0.3
3,271,500
31 Mar
3,140,300
1.2
3,111,300
31 Mar
3,289,000
0.1
3,273,300
30 Jun
3,110,500
0.9
3,119,500
30 Jun
3,246,300
0.0
3,273,800
30 Sep
3,122,800
0.8
3,126,200
30 Sep
3,264,100
0.2
3,274,700
31 Dec
3,163,400
0.6
3,131,800
31 Dec
3,313,500
0.3
3,277,000
31 Mar
3,155,400
0.5
3,136,200
31 Mar
3,315,400
0.8
3,281,600
30 Jun
3,120,200
0.3
3,139,200
30 Jun
3,274,400
0.9
3,288,300
30 Sep
3,129,800
0.2
3,141,300
30 Sep
3,296,800
1.0
3,295,900
31 Dec
3,166,400
0.1
3,142,600
31 Dec
3,342,100
0.9
3,303,600
31 Mar
3,160,200
0.2
3,143,500
31 Mar
3,339,200
0.7
3,310,200
30 Jun
3,121,200
0.0
3,144,300
30 Jun
3,283,400
0.3
3,314,300
30 Sep
3,126,700
-0.1
3,144,000
30 Sep
3,301,400
0.1
3,316,000
31 Dec
3,165,200
0.0
3,143,500
31 Dec
3,345,200
0.1
3,317,000
31 Mar
3,158,200
-0.1
3,143,100
31 Mar
3,347,100
0.2
3,318,300
30 Jun
3,109,000
-0.4
3,141,300
30 Jun
3,299,200
0.5
3,321,300
30 Sep
3,119,100
-0.2
3,138,900
30 Sep
3,316,900
0.5
3,325,200
31 Dec
3,163,900
0.0
3,137,800
31 Dec
3,369,800
0.7
3,330,200
31 Mar
3,161,300
0.1
3,138,000
31 Mar
3,373,400
0.8
3,336,500
30 Jun
3,112,900
0.1
3,138,900
30 Jun
3,329,800
0.9
3,343,600
30 Sep
3,131,300
0.4
3,140,800
30 Sep
3,356,500
1.2
3,352,400
31 Dec
3,176,400
0.4
3,144,000
31 Dec
3,410,400
1.2
3,362,500
31 Mar
3,170,900
0.3
3,146,700
31 Mar
3,488,000
..
..
30 Jun
3,124,900
0.4
3,149,400
30 Jun
3,495,100
..
..
30 Sep
3,145,900
0.5
3,152,700
30 Sep
3,504,600
..
..
31 Dec
3,194,500
0.6
3,156,700
31 Dec
3,516,000
1.2
3,495,800
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
17
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 1.03 continued
Estimated Population
1972–2007
Estimated
population
at
Date
Annual
percentage
increase/
decrease
Mean estimated
population
for the year
ended
Date
Estimated
population
at
Annual
percentage
increase/
decrease
Mean estimated
population
for the year
ended
Estimated resident population
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
31 Mar
3,526,500
1.1
3,505,800
31 Mar
3,855,900
0.6
30 Jun
3,531,700
1.0
3,515,100
2000
30 Jun
3,857,800
0.6
3,848,600
30 Sep
3,539,600
1.0
3,524,000
30 Sep
3,864,900
0.6
3,854,400
31 Dec
3,552,200
1.0
3,533,000
31 Dec
3,873,000
0.6
3,860,100
31 Mar
3,564,400
1.1
3,542,200
31 Mar R
3,876,900
0.5
3,867,500
30 Jun
3,572,200
1.1
3,552,100
30 Jun R
3,880,500
0.6
3,872,200
30 Sep
3,582,900
1.2
3,562,600
30 Sep R
3,895,400
0.8
3,878,300
31 Dec
3,597,900
1.3
3,573,600
31 Dec R
3,916,200
1.1
3,887,000
31 Mar
3,611,400
1.3
3,585,300
31 Mar R
3,935,700
1.5
3,899,600
30 Jun
3,620,100
1.3
3,597,100
30 Jun R
3,948,500
1.8
3,915,400
30 Sep
3,631,900
1.4
3,609,200
30 Sep R
3,967,600
1.9
3,933,000
31 Dec
3,648,200
1.4
3,621,600
31 Dec R
3,989,500
1.9
3,951,200
31 Mar
3,663,700
1.4
3,634,400
31 Mar R
4,013,300
2.0
3,970,000
30 Jun
3,673,400
1.5
3,647,700
30 Jun R
4,027,200
2.0
3,989,600
30 Sep
3,688,600
1.6
3,661,400
30 Sep R
4,044,600
1.9
4,009,100
31 Dec
3,706,700
1.6
3,675,800
31 Dec R
4,061,600
1.8
4,027,700
31 Mar
3,723,400
1.6
3,690,600
31 Mar R
4,078,700
1.6
4,044,900
30 Jun
3,732,000
1.6
3,705,400
30 Jun R
4,087,500
1.5
4,060,600
30 Sep
3,745,600
1.5
3,719,800
30 Sep R
4,100,600
1.4
4,075,100
31 Dec
3,762,300
1.5
3,733,900
31 Dec R
4,114,300
1.3
4,088,700
31 Mar
3,775,200
1.4
3,747,300
31 Mar R
4,126,600
1.2
4,101,300
30 Jun
3,781,400
1.3
3,760,000
30 Jun R
4,133,900
1.1
4,113,100
30 Sep
3,791,300
1.2
3,771,800
30 Sep R
4,145,900
1.1
4,124,500
31 Dec
3,802,600
1.1
3,782,600
31 Dec R
4,161,000
1.1
4,136,000
31 Mar
3,811,300
1.0
3,792,200
31 Mar R
4,176,100
1.2
4,148,000
30 Jun
3,815,000
0.9
3,800,800
30 Jun R
4,184,600
1.2
4,164,900
30 Sep
3,821,000
0.8
3,808,800
30 Sep R
4,196,600
1.2
4,175,700
31 Dec
3,829,200
0.7
3,815,800
31 Dec
4,211,400
1.2
4,186,900
31 Mar
3,832,900
0.6
3,821,900
31 Mar
4,222,700
1.1
4,198,300
30 Jun
3,835,100
0.5
3,827,000
30 Jun
4,228,300
1.0
4,209,300
30 Sep
3,841,100
0.5
3,832,000
30 Sep P
4,239,300
1.0
4,220,100
31 Dec
3,851,200
0.6
3,837,300
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
3,842,900
Note: The estimated resident population is based on the census usually resident population count with adjustments for residents missed or
counted more than once by the census (net census undercount), and for residents temporarily overseas on census night. Population
estimates from 2001–2006 have been revised using results from the 2001 and 2006 Censuses.
18
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 1.04
Estimated Population by Sex
1941–2007
(A) Year ended 30 June
Year
Estimated population at 30 June
Annual increase/
decrease
Sex ratio at
30 June(1)
Mean estimated population for the
year ended 30 June
Male
Female
People
97.1
99.9
813,800
855,600
820,500
873,600
1,634,300
1,729,200
2.04
1.97
100.9
101.1
967,500
1,087,100
959,800
1,074,100
1,927,300
2,161,200
40,700
47,900
62,300
49,800
53,600
43,000
47,500
48,200
24,000
24,700
1.75
2.02
2.57
2.01
2.12
1.66
1.81
1.80
0.88
0.90
101.0
101.0
101.1
100.8
100.7
100.5
100.6
100.5
100.1
99.7
1,184,500
1,205,900
1,235,400
1,261,800
1,286,800
1,310,400
1,334,200
1,357,900
1,372,200
1,382,100
1,171,700
1,193,600
1,221,400
1,249,500
1,276,800
1,302,000
1,324,900
1,349,000
1,369,400
1,384,100
2,356,200
2,399,500
2,456,800
2,511,300
2,563,600
2,612,400
2,659,100
2,706,900
2,741,600
2,766,200
2,810,700
2,853,000
2,903,900
2,961,300
3,023,700
3,083,100
3,110,500
3,120,200
3,121,200
3,109,000
37,900
42,300
50,900
57,400
62,400
59,400
27,400
9,700
1,000
-12,200
1.37
1.50
1.78
1.98
2.11
1.96
0.89
0.31
0.03
-0.39
99.9
99.9
99.8
99.9
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.6
99.4
99.2
1,397,500
1,420,500
1,442,700
1,471,600
1,503,300
1,534,400
1,556,800
1,566,300
1,567,600
1,564,400
1,400,900
1,421,700
1,445,800
1,474,800
1,506,500
1,538,600
1,562,700
1,572,900
1,576,700
1,576,900
2,798,400
2,842,200
2,888,500
2,946,400
3,009,800
3,073,000
3,119,500
3,139,200
3,144,300
3,141,300
1,564,700
1,571,300
1,589,400
1,610,200
1,626,500
1,638,500
1,638,500
1,654,300
1,660,600
1,671,500
3,112,900
3,124,900
3,156,100
3,199,300
3,227,100
3,247,100
3,246,300
3,274,400
3,283,400
3,299,200
3,900
12,000
31,200
43,200
27,800
20,000
-800
28,100
9,000
15,800
0.13
0.39
1.00
1.37
0.87
0.62
-0.02
0.87
0.27
0.48
98.9
98.9
98.6
98.7
98.4
98.2
98.1
97.9
97.7
97.4
1,561,300
1,566,500
1,573,400
1,588,500
1,606,900
1,618,000
1,621,800
1,626,900
1,638,300
1,638,800
1,577,600
1,582,900
1,593,900
1,611,200
1,631,400
1,646,700
1,652,000
1,661,400
1,676,000
1,682,500
3,138,900
3,149,400
3,167,300
3,199,700
3,238,300
3,264,700
3,273,800
3,288,300
3,314,300
3,321,300
1,642,000
1,687,800
3,329,800
30,600
0.93
97.3
1,646,800
1,696,800
3,343,600
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
1,719,300
1,739,000
1,759,400
1,783,800
1,810,800
1,841,300
1,863,700
1,877,800
1,884,900
1,775,800
1,792,700
1,812,800
1,836,300
1,862,600
1,890,700
1,917,700
1,937,200
1,950,200
3,495,100
3,531,700
3,572,200
3,620,100
3,673,400
3,732,000
3,781,400
3,815,000
3,835,100
..
36,600
40,500
47,800
53,400
58,600
49,300
33,700
20,100
..
1.05
1.15
1.34
1.47
1.59
1.32
0.89
0.53
96.8
97.0
97.1
97.1
97.2
97.4
97.2
96.9
96.7
..
1,729,800
1,749,200
1,772,100
1,797,700
1,827,400
1,854,200
1,872,000
1,882,200
..
1,785,300
1,802,900
1,825,000
1,850,000
1,878,000
1,905,800
1,928,800
1,944,800
..
3,515,100
3,552,100
3,597,100
3,647,700
3,705,400
3,760,000
3,800,800
3,827,000
2000
2001 R
2002 R
2003 R
2004 R
2005 R
2006 R
2007
1,893,800
1,903,200
1,936,500
1,975,600
2,003,800
2,025,200
2,048,300
2,070,800
1,964,000
1,977,300
2,012,000
2,051,700
2,083,800
2,108,700
2,136,200
2,157,600
3,857,800
3,880,500
3,948,500
4,027,200
4,087,500
4,133,900
4,184,600
4,228,300
22,600
22,700
68,000
78,800
60,300
46,300
50,700
43,700
0.59
0.59
1.75
1.99
1.50
1.13
1.23
1.05
96.4
96.3
96.2
96.3
96.2
96.0
95.9
96.0
1,890,400
1,899,000
1,920,200
1,956,900
1,991,300
2,015,700
2,038,400
2,060,900
1,958,200
1,973,200
1,995,200
2,032,700
2,069,300
2,097,400
2,126,500
2,148,400
3,848,600
3,872,200
3,915,400
3,989,600
4,060,600
4,113,100
4,164,900
4,209,300
Male
Female
People
Number
Percent
1941
1946
802,700
879,100
826,300
880,300
1,629,000
1,759,400
-7,100
71,300
-0.43
4.22
1951
1956
978,200
1,095,100
969,100
1,083,200
1,947,300
2,178,300
39,000
42,100
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1,191,900
1,215,600
1,247,800
1,270,700
1,297,500
1,317,800
1,342,000
1,365,200
1,374,600
1,384,400
1,179,900
1,204,100
1,234,200
1,261,100
1,287,900
1,310,600
1,333,900
1,358,900
1,373,500
1,388,400
2,371,800
2,419,700
2,482,000
2,531,800
2,585,400
2,628,400
2,675,900
2,724,100
2,748,100
2,772,800
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1,404,800
1,425,500
1,450,800
1,479,900
1,510,200
1,539,800
1,553,500
1,556,700
1,556,100
1,548,400
1,405,900
1,427,500
1,453,100
1,481,400
1,513,500
1,543,300
1,557,000
1,563,500
1,565,100
1,560,600
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1,548,200
1,553,600
1,566,700
1,589,100
1,600,600
1,608,600
1,607,800
1,620,100
1,622,800
1,627,700
1990
Estimated de facto population
Estimated resident population
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
19
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 1.04 continued
Estimated Population by Sex
1941–2006
(B) Year ended 31 December
Estimated population at
31 December
Year
Male
Female
People
Annual increase/
decrease
Number
Sex ratio at
31 December(1)
Percent
Mean estimated population for the
year ended 31 December
Male
Female
People
Estimated de facto population
1941
1946
799,200
891,300
832,000
889,900
1,631,200
1,781,200
-2,400
53,400
-0.15
3.09
96.1
100.2
804,700
878,600
826,200
881,000
1,630,900
1,759,600
1951
1956
989,500
1,111,200
981,000
1,098,000
1,970,500
2,209,200
42,800
44,400
2.22
2.05
100.9
101.2
977,900
1,097,700
969,700
1,085,100
1,947,600
2,182,800
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1,207,900
1,238,000
1,264,100
1,288,400
1,313,000
1,336,700
1,360,300
1,373,600
1,385,400
1,399,800
1,195,700
1,223,300
1,251,700
1,278,500
1,304,000
1,327,100
1,351,000
1,371,400
1,387,600
1,404,200
2,403,600
2,461,300
2,515,800
2,566,900
2,617,000
2,663,800
2,711,300
2,745,000
2,773,000
2,804,000
43,900
57,700
54,500
51,100
50,100
46,800
47,500
33,700
28,000
31,000
1.86
2.40
2.21
2.03
1.95
1.79
1.78
1.24
1.02
1.12
101.0
101.2
101.0
100.8
100.7
100.7
100.7
100.2
99.8
99.7
1,194,700
1,219,900
1,249,300
1,273,700
1,299,300
1,321,900
1,346,000
1,367,100
1,377,000
1,388,100
1,182,300
1,206,800
1,235,600
1,263,200
1,289,800
1,313,400
1,336,600
1,360,600
1,376,500
1,392,000
2,377,000
2,426,700
2,484,900
2,536,900
2,589,100
2,635,300
2,682,600
2,727,700
2,753,500
2,780,100
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1,425,400
1,447,400
1,477,800
1,510,000
1,543,900
1,567,600
1,578,100
1,578,400
1,575,900
1,573,800
1,426,700
1,451,100
1,481,900
1,514,900
1,548,000
1,576,100
1,585,300
1,588,000
1,589,300
1,590,100
2,852,100
2,898,500
2,959,700
3,024,900
3,091,900
3,143,700
3,163,400
3,166,400
3,165,200
3,163,900
48,100
46,400
61,200
65,200
67,000
51,800
19,700
3,000
-1,200
-1,300
1.72
1.63
2.11
2.20
2.21
1.68
0.63
0.09
-0.04
-0.04
99.9
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.5
99.5
99.4
99.2
99.0
1,408,900
1,431,000
1,456,200
1,487,200
1,518,900
1,547,600
1,562,900
1,567,100
1,566,700
1,561,700
1,410,700
1,433,200
1,459,400
1,489,900
1,522,900
1,552,500
1,568,900
1,575,500
1,576,800
1,576,100
2,819,600
2,864,200
2,915,600
2,977,100
3,041,800
3,100,100
3,131,800
3,142,600
3,143,500
3,137,800
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1,581,500
1,586,900
1,601,900
1,620,700
1,632,200
1,636,800
1,639,200
1,652,900
1,649,700
1,659,700
1,594,900
1,607,600
1,624,900
1,644,100
1,660,800
1,666,300
1,674,300
1,689,200
1,695,500
1,710,100
3,176,400
3,194,500
3,226,800
3,264,800
3,293,000
3,303,100
3,313,500
3,342,100
3,345,200
3,369,800
12,500
18,100
32,300
38,000
28,200
10,100
10,400
28,600
3,100
24,600
0.40
0.57
1.01
1.18
0.86
0.31
0.31
0.86
0.09
0.74
99.2
98.7
98.6
98.6
98.3
98.2
97.9
97.9
97.3
97.1
1,563,600
1,569,300
1,579,300
1,599,400
1,613,100
1,620,600
1,622,700
1,633,900
1,638,400
1,641,200
1,580,400
1,587,400
1,601,500
1,622,300
1,639,700
1,650,900
1,654,300
1,669,700
1,678,600
1,689,000
3,144,000
3,156,700
3,180,800
3,221,700
3,252,800
3,271,500
3,277,000
3,303,600
3,317,000
3,330,200
1990
1,681,900
1,728,500
3,410,400
40,600
1.20
97.3
1,656,100
1,706,400
3,362,500
Estimated resident population
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
1,730,000
1,749,100
1,772,500
1,797,800
1,828,000
1,855,400
1,872,900
1,883,300
1,891,700
1,786,000
1,803,100
1,825,400
1,850,400
1,878,700
1,906,900
1,929,700
1,945,900
1,959,500
3,516,000
3,552,200
3,597,900
3,648,200
3,706,700
3,762,300
3,802,600
3,829,200
3,851,200
40,900
36,300
45,600
50,400
58,400
55,600
40,400
26,500
22,000
..
1.03
1.28
1.40
1.60
1.50
1.07
0.70
0.57
96.9
97.0
97.1
97.2
97.3
97.3
97.1
96.8
96.5
1,719,500
1,739,400
1,760,100
1,784,600
1,812,100
1,841,800
1,864,300
1,878,100
1,886,000
1,776,300
1,793,600
1,813,500
1,837,000
1,863,700
1,892,100
1,918,300
1,937,700
1,951,300
3,495,800
3,533,000
3,573,600
3,621,600
3,675,800
3,733,900
3,782,600
3,815,800
3,837,300
2000
2001 R
2002 R
2003 R
2004 R
2005 R
2006 R
1,900,400
1,920,500
1,956,700
1,991,800
2,016,200
2,037,700
2,061,800
1,972,600
1,995,700
2,032,900
2,069,800
2,098,100
2,123,300
2,149,600
3,873,000
3,916,200
3,989,500
4,061,600
4,114,300
4,161,000
4,211,400
21,900
43,100
73,400
72,000
52,800
46,600
50,400
0.57
1.11
1.87
1.81
1.30
1.13
1.21
96.3
96.2
96.2
96.2
96.1
96.0
95.9
1,895,000
1,906,300
1,937,800
1,975,600
2,004,400
2,026,200
2,049,500
1,965,100
1,980,700
2,013,400
2,052,000
2,084,300
2,109,800
2,137,400
3,860,100
3,887,000
3,951,200
4,027,700
4,088,700
4,136,000
4,186,900
(1) Number of males per 100 females.
Note:
(a) The estimated resident population is based on the census usually resident population count with adjustments for residents missed or counted
more than once by the census (net census undercount), and for residents temporarily overseas on census night. Population estimates
from 2001–2006 have been revised using results from the 2001 and 2006 Censuses.
(b) Individual figures may not sum to stated totals due to rounding.
20
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 1.05
Components of Population Change
1961–2007
June year
Natural increase(1)
Net migration(2)
Annual
population change(3)
Percentage of population change from:
Natural increase
Net migration
Estimated de facto population
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
42,664
44,528
41,679
40,406
38,546
36,398
37,394
37,756
37,826
6,478
19,141
12,203
14,303
8,895
12,334
12,454
-11,954
-10,490
49,142
63,669
53,882
54,709
47,441
48,732
49,848
25,802
27,336
86.8
69.9
77.4
73.9
81.3
74.7
75.0
…
…
13.2
30.1
22.6
26.1
18.7
25.3
25.0
…
…
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
37,548
38,960
39,811
36,515
35,149
32,727
30,067
29,169
27,018
27,093
-1,910
5,347
11,790
20,887
27,641
27,223
-5,000
-20,012
-25,948
-37,144
35,638
44,307
51,601
57,402
62,790
59,950
25,067
9,157
1,070
-10,051
…
87.9
77.2
63.6
56.0
54.6
…
…
…
…
…
12.1
22.8
36.4
44.0
45.4
…
…
…
…
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
25,648
24,964
24,373
24,391
24,845
25,781
25,158
26,495
29,165
30,330
-20,744
-12,130
9,114
19,890
4,710
-3,946
-23,867
5,414
-16,305
-10,572
4,904
12,834
33,487
44,281
29,555
21,835
1,291
31,909
12,860
19,758
…
…
72.8
55.1
84.1
…
…
83.0
…
…
…
…
27.2
44.9
15.9
…
…
17.0
…
…
1990
32,390
2,045
34,435
94.1
5.9
Estimated resident population
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
..
33,000
31,800
31,000
30,700
29,100
29,800
30,500
28,700
..
3,600
8,700
16,800
22,700
29,500
16,800
500
-11,400
..
36,600
40,500
47,800
53,400
58,600
49,300
33,700
20,100
…
90.2
78.5
64.8
57.4
49.6
…
…
…
…
9.8
21.5
35.2
42.6
50.4
…
…
…
2000
2001 R
2002 R
2003 R
2004 R
2005 R
2006 R
2007
29,600
29,300
26,500
27,500
29,600
29,100
31,300
33,700
-9,800
-9,300
32,800
42,500
22,000
8,600
10,700
10,100
22,600
22,700
68,000
78,800
60,300
46,300
50,700
43,700
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
77.0
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
23.0
(1) For the estimated de facto population, excess of registered births over registered deaths.
For the estimated resident population, excess of estimated births over estimated deaths (both by date of occurrence).
(2) For the estimated de facto population, excess of total arrivals over total departures. Excludes armed forces before 1987.
For the estimated resident population, excess of permanent and long-term arrivals over permanent and long-term departures.
A minus sign denotes an excess of departures over arrivals.
(3) Natural increase plus net migration. The difference between annual population change and the sum of natural increase and net migration
for 1997–2006 is due to intercensal adjustments.
Note: Individual figures may not sum to stated totals due to rounding.
21
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 1.06
Total Estimated Resident Population by Age
31 December 2006
Population at
31 December 2006 R
Age
(years)
Male
Female
Mean population for year ended
31 December 2006 R
People
Male
Female
People
Single year of age
0
1
2
3
4
30,570
29,790
29,560
29,240
28,400
29,400
28,370
28,120
27,660
27,220
59,970
58,170
57,680
56,900
55,620
30,140
29,490
29,460
28,790
28,530
28,910
28,100
28,070
27,330
27,430
59,040
57,590
57,540
56,120
55,960
5
6
7
8
9
29,160
30,290
29,860
29,640
29,850
28,130
28,800
28,630
28,210
28,600
57,290
59,090
58,480
57,850
58,450
29,670
30,210
29,530
29,880
29,950
28,440
28,830
28,120
28,550
28,670
58,100
59,030
57,660
58,430
58,610
10
11
12
13
14
30,650
31,640
31,280
32,190
32,680
29,030
29,820
29,870
30,570
30,760
59,690
61,460
61,150
62,770
63,440
31,060
31,530
31,680
32,290
32,940
29,360
29,900
30,050
30,660
31,030
60,420
61,430
61,720
62,950
63,960
15
16
17
18
19
33,100
33,330
32,300
31,560
31,070
31,560
32,300
31,420
30,590
29,650
64,670
65,630
63,720
62,140
60,720
33,340
32,710
31,870
31,270
30,280
31,990
31,890
30,900
30,210
29,300
65,320
64,590
62,770
61,490
59,580
20
21
22
23
24
29,770
29,890
29,260
29,080
28,870
29,500
29,630
29,450
29,090
28,690
59,270
59,520
58,710
58,170
57,550
29,860
29,660
29,310
29,140
28,060
29,680
29,620
29,340
28,950
27,940
59,540
59,280
58,660
58,090
56,010
25
26
27
28
29
27,390
26,470
25,640
24,800
24,530
27,660
27,250
27,020
26,790
26,760
55,050
53,720
52,660
51,600
51,290
26,940
25,900
25,030
24,410
24,810
27,280
26,880
26,730
26,280
26,760
54,230
52,790
51,760
50,690
51,570
30
31
32
33
34
25,340
25,750
26,760
27,620
29,320
27,290
27,970
29,470
30,720
32,170
52,640
53,720
56,230
58,350
61,490
25,230
26,170
27,090
28,250
29,690
27,210
28,690
29,920
31,320
32,690
52,430
54,860
57,010
59,570
62,380
35
36
37
38
39
30,140
29,850
30,050
29,990
29,640
33,370
33,050
32,960
32,910
32,100
63,510
62,890
63,020
62,900
61,750
30,050
29,780
30,000
29,690
29,670
33,200
32,770
32,940
32,390
32,130
63,250
62,550
62,940
62,080
61,800
40
41
42
43
44
29,940
30,360
30,880
32,000
32,250
31,970
32,310
33,220
34,190
34,370
61,910
62,670
64,100
66,180
66,620
30,010
30,470
31,470
32,050
32,030
32,050
32,550
33,510
34,480
34,060
62,050
63,030
64,980
66,530
66,090
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
22
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 1.06 continued
Total Estimated Resident Population by Age
31 December 2006
Population at
31 December 2006 R
Age
(years)
Male
Female
Mean population for year ended
31 December 2006 R
People
Male
Female
People
Single year of age
45
46
47
48
49
31,660
31,160
29,880
29,480
28,260
33,730
33,000
31,430
30,380
29,740
65,390
64,160
61,310
59,870
58,000
31,460
30,550
29,860
28,770
28,480
33,460
32,060
31,150
30,040
29,360
64,930
62,610
61,020
58,810
57,850
50
51
52
53
54
28,660
26,930
26,140
25,030
25,080
29,060
28,060
27,030
25,980
25,540
57,720
54,990
53,160
51,010
50,620
27,770
26,570
25,760
25,090
24,770
28,610
27,600
26,630
25,760
25,160
56,370
54,170
52,380
50,850
49,930
55
56
57
58
59
24,340
24,160
23,870
23,940
23,840
24,760
25,140
24,240
24,410
24,600
49,110
49,290
48,100
48,350
48,430
24,250
24,110
23,910
23,900
23,650
24,900
24,770
24,250
24,460
24,320
49,150
48,890
48,160
48,360
47,970
60
61
62
63
64
22,230
19,840
18,410
17,050
17,180
22,750
20,630
18,880
17,440
17,990
44,990
40,470
37,290
34,490
35,170
20,610
19,150
18,110
16,670
17,760
21,200
19,720
18,440
17,250
18,510
41,810
38,870
36,540
33,920
36,270
65
66
67
68
69
17,630
17,050
15,220
14,260
13,490
18,340
17,790
16,190
15,160
14,470
35,970
34,840
31,410
29,420
27,950
17,590
16,220
14,660
14,010
13,170
18,290
16,920
15,720
14,820
14,250
35,880
33,150
30,380
28,830
27,420
70
71
72
73
74
12,750
11,890
11,800
10,730
10,750
13,940
12,720
12,610
12,120
11,990
26,690
24,610
24,410
22,850
22,740
12,440
11,960
11,410
10,870
10,780
13,450
12,670
12,420
12,270
11,990
25,890
24,640
23,830
23,140
22,770
75
76
77
78
79
10,500
10,400
9,530
9,100
8,380
11,940
11,920
11,230
10,880
10,170
22,450
22,320
20,760
19,980
18,550
10,730
10,110
9,500
9,000
8,250
12,150
11,760
11,140
10,710
10,300
22,880
21,870
20,640
19,710
18,540
80
81
82
83
84
7,590
6,970
6,210
5,370
4,590
9,990
9,430
9,030
8,080
7,570
17,590
16,400
15,240
13,450
12,150
7,520
6,830
5,970
5,170
4,570
9,900
9,510
8,810
8,030
7,650
17,430
16,340
14,790
13,200
12,220
85
86
87
88
89
3,930
3,600
2,400
1,990
1,620
7,000
6,690
4,810
4,300
3,750
10,930
10,290
7,210
6,280
5,370
3,930
3,250
2,360
1,930
1,710
7,030
6,170
4,720
4,250
3,780
10,960
9,420
7,070
6,180
5,490
90+
5,150
14,060
19,210
4,990
13,950
18,930
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
23
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 1.06 continued
Total Estimated Resident Population by Age
31 December 2006
Population at
31 December 2006 R
Age
(years)
Male
Female
Mean population for year ended
31 December 2006 R
People
Male
Female
People
Age group
Under 5
5–9
10–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80+
147,570
148,800
158,440
161,350
146,870
128,840
134,810
149,670
155,430
150,450
131,840
120,140
94,710
77,650
57,920
47,910
49,420
140,770
142,370
150,060
155,520
146,350
135,490
147,620
164,390
166,060
158,290
135,670
123,140
97,690
81,950
63,370
56,150
84,710
288,340
291,170
308,510
316,870
293,220
264,320
282,430
314,070
321,490
308,730
267,500
243,280
192,410
159,600
121,290
104,060
134,120
146,420
149,230
159,500
159,470
146,030
127,100
136,420
149,190
156,030
149,130
129,950
119,820
92,300
75,650
57,470
47,590
48,230
139,830
142,610
150,990
154,280
145,540
133,940
149,830
163,430
166,650
156,070
133,750
122,710
95,110
80,000
62,800
56,060
83,800
286,250
291,840
310,490
313,750
291,570
261,040
286,250
312,620
322,690
305,210
263,700
242,530
187,410
155,650
120,270
103,640
132,030
Under 15
Under 16
Under 18
Under 20
18+
20+
60+
65+
454,810
487,910
553,530
616,150
1,508,270
1,445,650
327,610
232,900
433,200
464,770
528,490
588,730
1,621,110
1,560,880
383,870
286,170
888,010
952,680
1,082,020
1,204,880
3,129,380
3,006,520
711,480
519,070
455,150
488,490
553,060
614,620
1,496,470
1,434,920
321,240
228,940
433,430
465,410
528,200
587,710
1,609,210
1,549,690
377,770
282,650
888,580
953,900
1,081,260
1,202,330
3,105,680
2,984,610
699,000
511,590
All ages
2,061,800
2,149,600
4,211,400
2,049,500
2,137,400
4,186,900
35.14
36.70
35.96
35.02
36.56
35.83
Median age
(years)
Note:
(a) The estimated resident population is based on the census usually resident population count, with adjustments for residents
missed or counted more than once by the census (net census undercount), and for residents temporarily overseas on census night.
These estimates are based on 2006 Census results, superseding earlier 2001-based estimated resident populations.
(b) Individual figures may not sum to stated totals due to rounding.
24
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 1.07
Mäori
(1)
Estimated Resident Population by Age
31 December 2006
Population at
31 December 2006 R
Age
(years)
Male
Female
Mean population for year ended
31 December 2006 R
People
Male
Female
People
Single year of age
0
1
2
3
4
8,800
7,680
7,500
7,260
7,140
8,410
7,320
7,090
6,810
6,740
17,200
15,000
14,600
14,070
13,880
8,120
7,600
7,420
7,220
7,140
7,840
7,230
7,010
6,770
6,750
15,960
14,830
14,430
14,000
13,890
5
6
7
8
9
7,240
7,490
7,380
7,100
7,160
6,930
7,160
6,910
6,810
6,820
14,180
14,650
14,290
13,910
13,980
7,430
7,490
7,210
7,210
7,120
7,140
7,120
6,810
6,860
6,840
14,580
14,610
14,020
14,070
13,960
10
11
12
13
14
7,240
7,340
7,130
7,240
7,330
6,830
6,980
6,710
6,810
6,880
14,070
14,330
13,840
14,060
14,210
7,350
7,280
7,220
7,240
7,370
6,900
6,920
6,720
6,870
6,930
14,250
14,200
13,940
14,110
14,310
15
16
17
18
19
7,250
7,170
6,640
6,260
5,980
6,930
6,960
6,790
6,390
6,220
14,180
14,130
13,430
12,650
12,190
7,260
6,950
6,550
6,230
5,920
6,970
6,960
6,650
6,420
6,070
14,230
13,910
13,210
12,660
11,990
20
21
22
23
24
5,540
5,120
4,790
4,540
4,380
5,760
5,500
5,150
4,860
4,660
11,300
10,620
9,940
9,390
9,040
5,460
5,110
4,800
4,580
4,460
5,770
5,530
5,120
4,880
4,750
11,230
10,640
9,920
9,460
9,210
25
26
27
28
29
4,400
4,270
4,130
4,020
3,930
4,790
4,680
4,610
4,480
4,510
9,190
8,950
8,750
8,500
8,440
4,420
4,220
4,050
3,980
3,880
4,780
4,650
4,590
4,390
4,470
9,200
8,870
8,640
8,370
8,350
30
31
32
33
34
3,940
3,980
3,990
4,080
4,170
4,430
4,470
4,510
4,670
4,820
8,370
8,450
8,500
8,750
9,000
3,930
3,980
3,970
4,130
4,210
4,390
4,520
4,580
4,710
4,840
8,320
8,500
8,550
8,830
9,050
35
36
37
38
39
4,220
4,000
4,010
3,990
3,910
4,820
4,670
4,550
4,480
4,380
9,040
8,670
8,560
8,470
8,290
4,160
3,920
4,050
3,880
3,870
4,760
4,600
4,480
4,420
4,300
8,920
8,510
8,540
8,300
8,170
40
41
42
43
44
3,760
3,820
3,810
3,900
3,900
4,100
4,220
4,160
4,380
4,400
7,860
8,040
7,970
8,280
8,310
3,770
3,800
3,830
3,960
3,810
4,140
4,150
4,240
4,450
4,340
7,910
7,950
8,070
8,410
8,150
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
25
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 1.07 continued
Mäori
(1)
Estimated Resident Population by Age
31 December 2006
Population at
31 December 2006 R
Age
(years)
Male
Female
Mean population for year ended
31 December 2006 R
People
Male
Female
People
Single year of age
45
46
47
48
49
3,670
3,570
3,380
3,280
3,070
4,220
4,100
3,700
3,620
3,420
7,890
7,670
7,080
6,890
6,490
3,630
3,470
3,390
3,140
3,080
4,150
3,940
3,720
3,470
3,330
7,780
7,410
7,110
6,610
6,410
50
51
52
53
54
3,020
2,740
2,570
2,440
2,520
3,200
3,060
2,840
2,640
2,550
6,220
5,800
5,400
5,090
5,070
2,870
2,660
2,520
2,510
2,380
3,140
2,960
2,760
2,590
2,460
6,010
5,620
5,280
5,090
4,830
55
56
57
58
59
2,210
2,160
2,030
1,990
1,780
2,340
2,480
2,220
2,040
1,970
4,550
4,640
4,250
4,030
3,750
2,200
2,110
2,000
1,940
1,770
2,410
2,370
2,120
2,000
1,920
4,610
4,480
4,120
3,950
3,690
60
61
62
63
64
1,670
1,470
1,350
1,270
1,260
1,780
1,620
1,500
1,350
1,380
3,450
3,090
2,850
2,630
2,630
1,550
1,410
1,340
1,270
1,230
1,670
1,570
1,470
1,350
1,340
3,220
2,980
2,810
2,630
2,570
65
66
67
68
69
1,160
1,260
1,170
1,010
890
1,290
1,330
1,180
1,120
1,050
2,450
2,580
2,350
2,130
1,950
1,240
1,240
1,080
980
880
1,350
1,250
1,150
1,110
1,040
2,590
2,490
2,230
2,090
1,920
70
71
72
73
74
810
780
730
580
550
1,000
800
750
720
690
1,810
1,580
1,480
1,290
1,240
800
770
680
580
530
930
760
740
740
640
1,740
1,530
1,420
1,320
1,170
75
76
77
78
79
470
420
390
340
270
590
550
510
430
380
1,060
980
900
770
650
440
430
380
310
250
600
550
460
410
370
1,050
980
840
720
620
80
81
82
83
84
230
200
170
120
100
350
300
260
200
150
580
500
430
320
250
230
190
160
110
90
350
280
250
190
150
570
470
410
300
250
85
86
87
88
89
70
70
40
50
20
140
120
90
80
70
210
190
130
130
90
70
60
40
40
20
140
110
90
80
70
210
170
130
110
90
90+
90
210
300
90
200
300
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
26
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 1.07 continued
Mäori(1) Estimated Resident Population by Age
31 December 2006
Population at
31 December 2006 R
Age
(years)
Male
Mean population for year ended
31 December 2006 R
Female
People
Male
Female
People
Age group
Under 5
5–9
10–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80+
38,380
36,360
36,290
33,300
24,360
20,750
20,160
20,130
19,200
16,970
13,290
10,180
7,020
5,490
3,450
1,880
1,160
36,370
34,640
34,210
33,280
25,930
23,080
22,900
22,900
21,250
19,060
14,280
11,040
7,630
5,960
3,950
2,460
1,970
74,740
71,000
70,500
66,580
50,290
43,820
43,060
43,030
40,460
36,030
27,570
21,220
14,640
11,450
7,400
4,340
3,130
37,500
36,460
36,460
32,910
24,400
20,540
20,230
19,880
19,160
16,720
12,940
10,010
6,810
5,410
3,350
1,820
1,110
35,600
34,770
34,350
33,080
26,050
22,870
23,040
22,550
21,330
18,610
13,900
10,830
7,400
5,900
3,810
2,390
1,900
73,110
71,230
70,810
66,000
50,450
43,420
43,260
42,440
40,490
35,330
26,840
20,840
14,210
11,310
7,160
4,210
3,010
Under 15
Under 16
Under 18
Under 20
18+
20+
60+
65+
111,030
118,280
132,090
144,330
176,260
164,030
19,000
11,980
105,220
112,150
125,900
138,500
195,030
182,420
21,970
14,340
216,250
230,430
257,990
282,830
371,290
346,450
40,970
26,320
110,420
117,680
131,180
143,340
174,540
162,390
18,500
11,690
104,720
111,690
125,310
137,810
193,070
180,580
21,400
14,000
215,150
229,380
256,490
281,140
367,610
342,970
39,900
25,690
All ages
308,400
320,900
629,300
305,700
318,400
624,100
Median
age
21.84
24.15
23.00
21.80
24.02
22.91
(1) Mäori ethnic group. Limitations are inherent in the data used to derive Mäori population estimates. All estimates for the Mäori ethnic
group are supplied only as a guide for research and other analytical purposes.
Note:
(a) The estimated resident population is based on the census usually resident population count, with adjustments for residents
missed or counted more than once by the census (net census undercount), and for residents temporarily overseas on census night.
These estimates are based on 2006 Census results, superseding earlier 2001-based estimated resident populations.
(b) Individual figures may not sum to stated totals due to rounding.
27
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 1.08
Total Estimated Population by Age Group
1976–2007
Age group (years)
At 30
June
Under 15
15–59
60–64
Percent in age group
65+
All ages
Under 15
15–59
60–64
65+
All ages
Median
age
(years)
Estimated de facto population
1976
926,210
1,786,100
123,160
275,030
3,110,500
29.8
57.4
4.0
8.8
100.0
26.4
1977
910,000
1,805,650
122,930
281,760
3,120,200
29.2
57.9
3.9
9.0
100.0
26.7
1978
889,370
1,823,200
121,180
287,390
3,121,200
28.5
58.4
3.9
9.2
100.0
27.0
1979
870,120
1,827,140
118,560
293,250
3,109,000
28.0
58.8
3.8
9.4
100.0
27.4
1980
853,750
1,840,940
119,050
299,220
3,112,900
27.4
59.1
3.8
9.6
100.0
27.6
1981
841,580
1,852,830
123,730
306,700
3,124,900
26.9
59.3
4.0
9.8
100.0
28.1
1982
830,900
1,883,890
126,790
314,460
3,156,100
26.3
59.7
4.0
10.0
100.0
28.4
1983
824,000
1,925,690
130,720
318,870
3,199,300
25.8
60.2
4.1
10.0
100.0
28.6
1984
815,240
1,954,660
133,560
323,580
3,227,100
25.3
60.6
4.1
10.0
100.0
28.9
1985
804,130
1,976,110
136,160
330,690
3,247,100
24.8
60.9
4.2
10.2
100.0
29.3
1986
791,630
1,981,660
134,910
338,150
3,246,300
24.4
61.0
4.2
10.4
100.0
29.7
1987
783,430
2,011,480
135,390
344,080
3,274,400
23.9
61.4
4.1
10.5
100.0
30.0
1988
773,730
2,022,790
135,900
350,940
3,283,400
23.6
61.6
4.1
10.7
100.0
30.2
1989
772,440
2,032,360
135,880
358,550
3,299,200
23.4
61.6
4.1
10.9
100.0
30.7
1990
777,800
2,048,930
136,160
366,890
3,329,800
23.4
61.5
4.1
11.0
100.0
30.9
Estimated resident population
1991
807,220
2,150,250
146,350
391,290
3,495,100
23.1
61.5
4.2
11.2
100.0
31.4
1992
814,310
2,172,620
145,160
399,600
3,531,700
23.1
61.5
4.1
11.3
100.0
31.7
1993
824,680
2,196,460
143,310
407,780
3,572,200
23.1
61.5
4.0
11.4
100.0
32.0
1994
835,260
2,227,470
141,400
415,910
3,620,100
23.1
61.5
3.9
11.5
100.0
32.3
1995
847,530
2,263,220
139,270
423,410
3,673,400
23.1
61.6
3.8
11.5
100.0
32.6
1996
859,540
2,304,920
137,460
430,080
3,732,000
23.0
61.8
3.7
11.5
100.0
32.9
1997
869,490
2,336,700
138,850
436,270
3,781,400
23.0
61.8
3.7
11.5
100.0
33.2
1998
876,340
2,354,960
141,580
442,150
3,815,000
23.0
61.7
3.7
11.6
100.0
33.6
1999
877,300
2,364,050
145,810
447,940
3,835,100
22.9
61.6
3.8
11.7
100.0
34.0
2000
878,740
2,373,040
152,500
453,450
3,857,800
22.8
61.5
4.0
11.8
100.0
34.3
2001
R
877,210
2,381,740
160,980
460,560
3,880,500
22.6
61.4
4.1
11.9
100.0
34.7
2002
R
883,570
2,428,710
168,690
467,480
3,948,500
22.4
61.5
4.3
11.8
100.0
34.8
2003
R
890,000
2,489,630
171,920
475,670
4,027,200
22.1
61.8
4.3
11.8
100.0
35.0
2004
R
893,090
2,531,970
177,840
484,620
4,087,500
21.9
61.9
4.4
11.9
100.0
35.2
2005
R
890,240
2,564,760
182,480
496,390
4,133,900
21.5
62.0
4.4
12.0
100.0
35.5
2006
R
888,310
2,597,980
186,660
511,620
4,184,600
21.2
62.1
4.5
12.2
100.0
35.8
888,430
2,615,650
197,530
526,700
4,228,300
21.0
61.9
4.7
12.5
100.0
36.1
2007
28
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 1.09
Estimated Population of People Aged 65 and Over
1976–2007
Age group (years)
At 30
June
65–74
75–84
Percent in age group
85+
65+
65–74
75–84
85+
65+
Median age
(years)
Estimated de facto population
1976
178,370
78,370
18,290
275,030
64.9
28.5
6.7
100.0
72.0
1977
182,700
80,600
18,460
281,760
64.8
28.6
6.6
100.0
72.1
1978
186,540
82,250
18,600
287,390
64.9
28.6
6.5
100.0
72.1
1979
188,840
85,260
19,150
293,250
64.4
29.1
6.5
100.0
72.2
1980
192,330
87,050
19,840
299,220
64.3
29.1
6.6
100.0
72.3
1981
195,380
89,840
21,480
306,700
63.7
29.3
7.0
100.0
72.4
1982
199,320
93,000
22,140
314,460
63.4
29.6
7.0
100.0
72.4
1983
199,760
96,450
22,660
318,870
62.6
30.2
7.1
100.0
72.6
1984
200,280
100,010
23,290
323,580
61.9
30.9
7.2
100.0
72.7
1985
203,330
103,330
24,030
330,690
61.5
31.2
7.3
100.0
72.8
1986
205,710
106,120
26,320
338,150
60.8
31.4
7.8
100.0
72.9
1987
208,160
109,170
26,760
344,080
60.5
31.7
7.8
100.0
73.0
1988
210,550
113,310
27,080
350,940
60.0
32.3
7.7
100.0
73.0
1989
213,080
117,410
28,060
358,550
59.4
32.7
7.8
100.0
73.1
1990
216,140
120,910
29,850
366,890
58.9
33.0
8.1
100.0
73.2
72.9
Estimated resident population
1991
234,220
125,640
31,430
391,290
59.9
32.1
8.0
100.0
1992
237,730
129,000
32,870
399,600
59.5
32.3
8.2
100.0
72.9
1993
242,550
130,740
34,500
407,780
59.5
32.1
8.5
100.0
73.0
1994
247,260
132,320
36,340
415,910
59.5
31.8
8.7
100.0
73.1
1995
249,090
136,470
37,840
423,410
58.8
32.2
8.9
100.0
73.3
1996
250,710
140,170
39,190
430,080
58.3
32.6
9.1
100.0
73.4
1997
250,790
144,270
41,200
436,270
57.5
33.1
9.4
100.0
73.5
1998
251,120
147,720
43,310
442,150
56.8
33.4
9.8
100.0
73.6
1999
251,250
151,080
45,600
447,940
56.1
33.7
10.2
100.0
73.8
2000
250,650
155,010
47,790
453,450
55.3
34.2
10.5
100.0
73.9
2001
R
251,700
159,070
49,780
460,560
54.7
34.5
10.8
100.0
74.0
2002
R
253,600
162,680
51,200
467,480
54.2
34.8
11.0
100.0
74.1
2003
R
256,150
167,420
52,110
475,670
53.9
35.2
11.0
100.0
74.2
2004
R
260,050
171,470
53,090
484,620
53.7
35.4
11.0
100.0
74.2
2005
R
266,570
174,340
55,480
496,390
53.7
35.1
11.2
100.0
74.2
2006
R
275,700
177,780
58,140
511,620
53.9
34.7
11.4
100.0
74.1
285,580
180,130
60,990
526,700
54.2
34.2
11.6
100.0
74.0
2007
Note:
(a) Estimates from 1991 onwards are based on the resident population concept, and are not strictly comparable with estimates for
earlier years, which are based on the de facto population concept.
(b) The estimated resident population is based on the census usually resident population count, with adjustments for residents
missed or counted more than once by the census (net census undercount), and for residents temporarily overseas on census night.
Population estimates from 2001–2006 have been revised using results from the 2001 and 2006 Censuses.
(c) Individual figures may not sum to stated totals due to rounding.
29
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 1.10
Total Estimated Resident Population and Median Age
1996–2007
Year at 30 June
Age group
(years)
1996
2001 R
2004 R
2005 R
2006 R
2007
1996
2001
Number (000)
2004 R
2005 R
2006 R
2007
Percent
Male
Under 5
5–9
10–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80–84
85–89
90+
152
152
138
138
140
139
148
146
131
125
97
82
68
66
53
34
21
9
3
144
153
154
141
128
125
140
149
145
129
122
94
79
64
57
42
23
11
4
145
151
162
153
144
124
142
147
156
141
125
112
88
68
57
46
27
12
4
145
150
161
155
145
125
140
148
157
145
127
117
90
71
57
46
29
12
5
146
149
160
159
146
127
136
149
156
149
130
120
92
76
57
48
30
13
5
150
148
157
163
147
130
133
150
154
152
133
120
97
79
58
48
31
14
5
8.3
8.2
7.5
7.5
7.6
7.6
8.0
7.9
7.1
6.8
5.3
4.4
3.7
3.6
2.9
1.9
1.1
0.5
0.2
7.6
8.0
8.1
7.4
6.7
6.5
7.3
7.8
7.6
6.8
6.4
4.9
4.2
3.4
3.0
2.2
1.2
0.6
0.2
7.3
7.5
8.1
7.6
7.2
6.2
7.1
7.3
7.8
7.1
6.2
5.6
4.4
3.4
2.9
2.3
1.4
0.6
0.2
7.2
7.4
8.0
7.7
7.2
6.2
6.9
7.3
7.7
7.2
6.3
5.8
4.4
3.5
2.8
2.3
1.4
0.6
0.2
7.1
7.3
7.8
7.8
7.1
6.2
6.7
7.3
7.6
7.3
6.3
5.9
4.5
3.7
2.8
2.3
1.5
0.6
0.2
7.2
7.2
7.6
7.9
7.1
6.3
6.4
7.2
7.4
7.4
6.4
5.8
4.7
3.8
2.8
2.3
1.5
0.7
0.3
All ages
1,841
1,903
2,004
2,025
2,048
2,071
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
32.2
33.8
34.4
34.7
35.0
35.3
…
…
…
…
…
…
Median age
(years)
Female
Under 5
5–9
10–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80–84
85–89
90+
142
144
131
133
140
146
154
150
134
124
96
83
69
69
63
50
36
19
9
137
143
147
136
128
133
152
158
152
133
123
95
82
67
63
55
39
23
11
139
143
153
148
141
130
156
159
166
146
127
114
90
72
63
55
43
24
13
139
143
152
151
143
131
154
161
167
151
130
119
93
76
63
56
44
25
14
140
143
151
154
145
134
150
163
167
156
134
123
95
80
63
56
44
26
14
143
142
149
157
146
136
145
165
165
161
137
123
100
84
64
56
44
27
14
7.5
7.6
6.9
7.0
7.4
7.7
8.2
7.9
7.1
6.6
5.1
4.4
3.7
3.6
3.3
2.6
1.9
1.0
0.5
6.9
7.2
7.4
6.9
6.5
6.7
7.7
8.0
7.7
6.7
6.2
4.8
4.1
3.4
3.2
2.8
2.0
1.2
0.6
6.7
6.9
7.4
7.1
6.8
6.2
7.5
7.6
8.0
7.0
6.1
5.5
4.3
3.5
3.0
2.7
2.1
1.1
0.6
6.6
6.8
7.2
7.2
6.8
6.2
7.3
7.6
7.9
7.2
6.2
5.6
4.4
3.6
3.0
2.6
2.1
1.2
0.6
6.5
6.7
7.1
7.2
6.8
6.3
7.0
7.7
7.8
7.3
6.3
5.8
4.4
3.7
2.9
2.6
2.1
1.2
0.7
6.6
6.6
6.9
7.3
6.8
6.3
6.7
7.6
7.6
7.4
6.4
5.7
4.6
3.9
3.0
2.6
2.1
1.3
0.7
All ages
1,891
1,977
2,084
2,109
2,136
2,158
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
33.6
35.4
36.0
36.3
36.6
36.9
…
…
…
…
…
…
Median age
(years)
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
30
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 1.10 continued
Total Estimated Resident Population and Median Age
1996–2006
Year at 30 June
Age group
(years)
1996
2001 R
2004 R
2005 R
2006 R
2007
1996
2001 R
Number (000)
2004 R
2005 R
2006 R
2007
Percent
People
Under 5
5–9
10–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80–84
85–89
90+
295
296
269
271
280
285
302
296
264
249
193
164
137
135
116
84
56
28
12
281
295
301
278
256
257
292
307
297
262
245
189
161
131
121
97
63
35
15
285
293
315
300
285
254
297
307
323
288
252
226
178
140
120
101
70
36
18
284
292
314
306
288
256
294
308
324
296
257
236
182
147
120
102
72
37
18
286
292
310
314
291
260
286
313
322
305
264
243
187
156
120
104
74
39
19
292
290
306
320
293
266
278
315
319
313
270
243
198
163
122
104
76
41
20
7.9
7.9
7.2
7.3
7.5
7.6
8.1
7.9
7.1
6.7
5.2
4.4
3.7
3.6
3.1
2.2
1.5
0.7
0.3
7.2
7.6
7.8
7.2
6.6
6.6
7.5
7.9
7.7
6.7
6.3
4.9
4.1
3.4
3.1
2.5
1.6
0.9
0.4
7.0
7.2
7.7
7.4
7.0
6.2
7.3
7.5
7.9
7.0
6.2
5.5
4.4
3.4
2.9
2.5
1.7
0.9
0.4
6.9
7.1
7.6
7.4
7.0
6.2
7.1
7.5
7.8
7.2
6.2
5.7
4.4
3.5
2.9
2.5
1.8
0.9
0.4
6.8
7.0
7.4
7.5
7.0
6.2
6.8
7.5
7.7
7.3
6.3
5.8
4.5
3.7
2.9
2.5
1.8
0.9
0.5
6.9
6.9
7.2
7.6
6.9
6.3
6.6
7.4
7.5
7.4
6.4
5.7
4.7
3.9
2.9
2.5
1.8
1.0
0.5
All ages
3,732
3,881
4,088
4,134
4,185
4,228
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
32.9
34.7
35.2
35.5
35.8
36.1
…
…
…
…
…
…
Median age
(years)
Note:
(a) The estimated resident population is based on the census usually resident population count, with adjustments for residents missed
or counted more than once by the census (net census undercount), and for residents temporarily overseas on census night.
Population estimates from 2001–2006 have been revised using results from the 2001 and 2006 Censuses.
(b) Individual figures may not sum to stated totals due to rounding.
31
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 1.11
Mäori(1) Estimated Resident Population and Median Age
1996–2007
Year at 30 June
Age group
(years)
1996
2001
2004 R
2005 R
2006 R
2007
1996
2001
Number (000)
2004 R
2005 R
2006 R
2007
Percent
Male
Under 5
5–9
10–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80–84
85–89
90+
38
35
28
28
23
20
20
17
14
11
8
7
5
3
2
1
0
0
0
38
38
35
28
24
22
21
20
17
14
11
7
6
4
3
1
1
0
0
38
37
37
32
23
20
21
20
19
16
12
9
7
5
3
2
1
0
0
38
37
37
32
24
20
21
20
19
16
12
10
7
5
3
2
1
0
0
37
37
37
33
24
21
20
20
19
17
13
10
7
5
3
2
1
0
0
39
36
36
34
24
21
20
20
19
17
13
10
7
6
4
2
1
0
0
14.5
13.4
10.8
10.6
9.0
7.8
7.5
6.6
5.3
4.2
3.1
2.7
1.9
1.3
0.7
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.0
13.3
13.0
12.1
9.6
8.2
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.0
4.7
3.7
2.6
2.1
1.5
0.9
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.0
12.6
12.3
12.2
10.6
7.7
6.6
7.0
6.6
6.4
5.2
4.0
3.0
2.2
1.6
1.0
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.0
12.4
12.2
12.1
10.7
7.9
6.5
6.9
6.5
6.4
5.3
4.1
3.1
2.2
1.7
1.0
0.6
0.2
0.1
0.0
12.2
11.9
11.9
10.8
7.9
6.7
6.6
6.5
6.3
5.5
4.2
3.3
2.2
1.8
1.1
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.0
12.7
11.7
11.6
10.9
7.9
6.7
6.4
6.5
6.2
5.6
4.3
3.4
2.3
1.8
1.1
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.0
All ages
261
289
300
303
306
310
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Median age
(years)
20.4
21.2
21.3
21.5
21.8
21.8
…
…
…
…
…
…
Female
Under 5
5–9
10–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80–84
85–89
90+
35
34
28
28
25
23
22
19
15
11
8
7
5
4
2
1
1
0
0
36
35
34
28
25
24
23
22
19
15
11
8
7
5
3
2
1
0
0
36
35
35
32
24
22
24
22
22
17
13
9
7
5
4
2
1
0
0
36
35
35
33
25
22
24
22
22
18
13
10
7
6
4
2
1
0
0
36
35
34
33
26
23
23
23
21
19
14
11
7
6
4
2
1
0
0
37
34
34
33
26
23
23
23
21
19
15
11
8
6
4
3
1
1
0
13.1
12.6
10.4
10.4
9.4
8.5
8.1
7.1
5.4
4.2
3.1
2.7
2.0
1.4
0.9
0.5
0.3
0.1
0.0
12.2
11.8
11.4
9.3
8.3
8.0
7.9
7.5
6.4
4.9
3.7
2.7
2.2
1.5
1.0
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.1
11.6
11.3
11.2
10.3
7.8
7.1
7.7
7.1
7.0
5.5
4.1
3.0
2.3
1.7
1.2
0.7
0.3
0.1
0.1
11.3
11.1
11.0
10.4
8.1
7.0
7.5
7.0
6.9
5.7
4.2
3.2
2.3
1.8
1.2
0.7
0.4
0.1
0.1
11.2
11.0
10.8
10.4
8.1
7.2
7.2
7.1
6.7
5.8
4.4
3.4
2.3
1.9
1.2
0.7
0.4
0.1
0.1
11.6
10.7
10.5
10.3
8.1
7.1
7.0
7.1
6.6
6.0
4.5
3.5
2.4
1.9
1.3
0.8
0.4
0.2
0.1
All ages
268
297
311
315
319
323
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Median age
(years)
21.8
23.1
23.5
23.7
24.0
24.2
…
…
…
…
…
…
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
32
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 1.11 continued
Mäori(1) Estimated Resident Population and Median Age
1996–2007
Year at 30 June
Age group
(years)
1996
2001
2004 R
2005 R
2006 R
2007
1996
2001
Number (000)
2004 R
2005 R
2006 R
2007
Percent
People
Under 5
5–9
10–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80–84
85–89
90+
73
69
56
56
49
43
42
36
28
22
16
14
10
7
4
2
1
0
0
75
73
69
55
48
45
44
42
37
28
22
15
13
9
6
3
1
1
0
74
72
71
64
48
42
45
42
41
32
25
18
14
10
7
4
2
1
0
73
72
71
65
49
42
45
42
41
34
26
20
14
11
7
4
2
1
0
73
71
71
66
50
44
43
43
41
35
27
21
14
11
7
4
2
1
0
77
71
70
67
50
44
43
43
40
37
28
22
15
12
8
4
2
1
0
13.7
13.0
10.6
10.5
9.2
8.1
7.8
6.8
5.4
4.2
3.1
2.7
2.0
1.3
0.8
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.0
12.7
12.4
11.8
9.4
8.2
7.7
7.6
7.2
6.2
4.8
3.7
2.6
2.2
1.5
0.9
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.0
12.1
11.8
11.7
10.4
7.8
6.9
7.4
6.9
6.7
5.3
4.1
3.0
2.3
1.6
1.1
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.0
11.8
11.6
11.6
10.5
8.0
6.8
7.2
6.8
6.6
5.5
4.2
3.2
2.3
1.7
1.1
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.0
11.7
11.4
11.3
10.6
8.0
7.0
6.9
6.8
6.5
5.7
4.3
3.4
2.3
1.8
1.1
0.7
0.3
0.1
0.0
12.1
11.2
11.0
10.6
8.0
6.9
6.7
6.8
6.4
5.8
4.4
3.4
2.4
1.8
1.2
0.7
0.3
0.1
0.0
All ages
529
586
611
618
624
633
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Median age
(years)
21.1
22.1
22.4
22.6
22.9
23.0
…
…
…
…
…
…
(1) Mäori ethnic group. Limitations are inherent in the data used to derive Mäori population estimates. All estimates for the Mäori ethnic
group are supplied only as a guide for research and other analytical purposes.
Note:
(a) The estimated resident population is based on the census usually resident population count, with adjustments for residents missed
or counted more than once by the census (net census undercount), and for residents temporarily overseas on census night.
Population estimates for the Mäori ethnic group from 2002–2006 have been revised using results from the 2001 and 2006 Censuses.
(b) Individual figures may not sum to stated totals due to rounding.
33
Demographic Trends: 2007
2 Births
•
There were 59,193 live births registered in New Zealand in the year ended
December 2006 – 30,240 boys and 28,950 girls. This is the highest number of
live births since 1991, when 59,911 births were registered.
•
The highest number of live births registered in one year was 65,390 in 1961.
•
The total fertility rate was 2.0 births per woman in 2006; 4.3 births per woman in
1961; and 3.1 births per woman in 1921.
•
Women aged 30–34 years had the highest fertility rate (119 births per 1,000
women aged 30–34) in 2006.
•
One in every five children born in 2006 had more than one ethnicity. Half as many
mothers (roughly one in 10) had multiple ethnicities.
•
Sixty-five percent of Mäori children born in 2006 had more than one ethnicity.
•
In 2006, the median age of Mäori mothers was 25.9 years, four years younger than
for the total population (30.3 years). The median age for Pacific, Asian and European
women was 27.6, 30.6 and 31.1 years, respectively.
•
Mäori women had a total fertility rate of 2.7 births per woman in 2006.
•
There were 845 sets of liveborn twins (1,690 babies) registered in 2006 and
10 sets of liveborn triplets (30 babies).
Figure 2.01
Live Births and Fertility Rates
1921–2006
70
Live births (000)
Births per woman
4.5
rate (1)
60
Total fertility
(2)
Completed fertility rate
4.0
Live births
3.5
50
3.0
40
2.5
30
20
1921
2.0
0.0
1.5
26
31
36
41
46
51
56
61
66
71
76
81
86
91
96
2001
06
December year
1894
99
1904
09
14
19
24
29
34
39
44
49
54
59
64
69
Year of birth of mother for completed fertility rate
(1) The average number of births a woman would have during her life if she experienced the age-specific fertility rates of
that year. It excludes the effects of mortality.
(2) The average number of children a woman born in a particular year has had during her life. The figures for 1956–1973
birth cohorts are estimates only.
34
Demographic Trends: 2007
Introduction
The last century witnessed significant changes in family size, reproductive patterns and
population dynamics. The transition in family size, from relatively large to relatively small
families, was already under way when the 20th century began. The current low fertility
level should therefore be viewed as an extension of the fundamental changes that
began more than 100 years ago. New Zealand women now have fewer children, later in
their lives, and some may forgo parenting altogether.
Decreasing fertility rates have been accompanied by decreasing mortality rates. The
transition from high fertility and mortality to low fertility and mortality has resulted in an
overall increase in the median age of the population (known as population ageing).
Births
There were 59,193 live births registered in New Zealand in the year ended December
2006, 2.5 percent more than the number in 2005 (57,745). The 2006 figure is the
highest recorded since 1991, when 59,911 live births were registered. The highest
number of live births registered in any year was 65,390 in 1961.
Fertility rates and mother’s age
The total fertility rate is the average number of births a woman would have during her
life if she experienced the age-specific fertility rates of a given period (usually a year).
The fertility rates for the December 2006 year indicate that, on average, New Zealand
women are giving birth to 2.0 children. This is similar to the 2005 rate, and slightly
below the level required for the population to replace itself without migration (2.1 births
per woman). It is also less than half the high of 4.3 births per woman recorded in 1961,
which was supported by a dramatic trend toward early and near-universal marriage and
early childbearing. Forty years earlier, in 1921, the total fertility rate was 3.1 births
per woman.
Except for a brief recovery around 1990, New Zealand fertility rates have been below
replacement level since 1980. Sub-replacement fertility is common in developed
countries, including France, Sweden, and England and Wales (1.9 births per woman);
Australia (1.8); and the Netherlands (1.7). Some countries, notably Italy and Spain, have
recorded fertility rates of below 1.3 births per woman in recent years.
The trend towards later marriage, smaller families and delayed motherhood is
consolidating. Fewer New Zealand women in their teens or twenties are having a child.
Conversely, an increasing number of women in their thirties and forties are having a
child. Fertility rates for the December 2006 year indicate that the 30–34 year age group
(119 births per 1,000 women) is the most common age group for childbearing. This
is a significant departure from the early 1970s, when age group 20–24 years was the
most common for childbearing.
Over the past decade, the fertility rates for women in all age groups under 30 years
have dropped, while those for women aged 30 years and over have increased.
Compared with 2005, fertility rates have increased across all age groups in 2006.
The median age of New Zealand women giving birth during the year ended December
2006 was 30.3 years, compared with 28.8 years in 1996 and 26.8 years in 1986.
On average, New Zealand women are having children about five years later than their
counterparts in the early 1970s.
35
Demographic Trends: 2007
Cohort fertility
In general, if there is a significant trend towards having children at a younger age,
the total fertility rate tends to overstate the number of live births a woman is likely to
have over her lifetime. If there is a significant trend towards having children at an older
age, the total fertility rate tends to underestimate the number of births a woman is likely
to have.
The cohort fertility series traces the fertility experience of women born in a particular
year. The completed fertility rate is the average number of births a woman born in a
particular year has had during her life. The completed fertility rate for women born
during the 1930s was about 3.5 births; however the total fertility rate in the early 1960s
suggests that these women would have had 4.1 births. In contrast, women born during
the 1950s had a completed fertility rate of about 2.4 births per woman, compared with
a total fertility rate of about 2.0 births per woman during the early 1980s.
Ethnicity
Changes to the ethnicity question on the birth and death registration forms were
introduced in September 1995. Prior to that, all children with half or more degree
of blood were classed as Mäori or Pacific (as the case may be). No information was
available for other ethnic groups. The current birth registration form collects the ethnic
group and Mäori ancestry of both mother and child. The introduction of these new
questions and the resultant conceptual differences (biological versus self-identification)
mean that the birth data by ethnicity from 1996 onwards are not directly comparable
with the old series.
Mothers and babies may belong to more than one ethnic group. For example, a baby
who has both Mäori and Pacific ethnicity would be recorded in both ethnic groups. As
a result, the ethnic group totals do not sum to the number of births. Within the broad
ethnic groups (for example European) each birth is counted only once. For instance,
a child whose ethnicity is recorded as Asian, New Zealand European and English is
counted once in the Asian ethnic group and once in the European ethnic group.
A baby’s ethnicity tends to reflect the ethnicities of both parents. In 2006, 75 percent of
births registered belonged to only one ethnic group, 22 percent belonged to two ethnic
groups and 3 percent belonged to three ethnic groups. Nearly half as many mothers
(13 percent) as babies (25 percent) identified with more than one ethnic group.
In the December 2006 year, 65 percent of Mäori babies and 49 percent of Pacific
babies belonged to two or more ethnic groups. In contrast, 70 percent of European
babies and 69 percent of Asian babies belonged to only one ethnic group.
The total fertility rate for the Mäori ethnic group in the December 2006 year was 2.7
births per woman, well above replacement level (2.1 births per woman).
In the December 2006 year, the fertility rates for Mäori mothers under 25 years of age
were all more than double the fertility rates for the total population in the same age
groups. However, the fertility rate for the total population exceeded the rate for the
Mäori population in the 30–34 and 35–39 year age groups. The fertility rate for the
Mäori population was higher than the total population in all age groups above 40.
Regional fertility
Regional variations in fertility are marked and tend to reflect the characteristics of the
population in the area. For example, Otago’s low fertility reflects the high number of
young women studying in Dunedin. These young women tend to delay childbirth until
they have completed their studies, by which time they are likely to have moved to
other regions.
36
Demographic Trends: 2007
The Auckland region had the highest number of births in the December 2006 year
(21,330), accounting for 36 percent of all live births registered in New Zealand. This
was followed by Canterbury (6,780), Wellington (6,440) and Waikato (5,590). Together,
these four regions accounted for about two-thirds of all live births registered in the
December 2006 year. This is consistent with their share of New Zealand’s population.
Revised fertility rates
Fertility rates for 2001–2006 have been revised using new 2006-based population
estimates. The revised 2006-based rates are not comparable with the 2001-based rates
previously published in Demographic Trends.
Where to find additional information
Births and Deaths information releases are available on the Statistics New Zealand
website at: www.stats.govt.nz/products-and-services/info-releases/births-and-deaths.htm
Additional tables on births and fertility rates are available on the Statistics NZ website at:
www.stats.govt.nz/tables/births-tables.htm
The following article is available on the Statistics NZ website: “Teenage Fertility in
New Zealand”.
The following report is available on the Statistics NZ website: Fertility of New Zealand
Women by Ethnicity.
The report and article can be accessed via:
www.stats.govt.nz/people/population/births.htm
Information about births statistics can be found at:
www2.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/omni/omni.nsf/outputs/Births
37
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 2.01
Live and Still Births(1)
By nuptiality
1964–2006
Stillbirths(3)
Live births
December
year
Nuptial
Ex-nuptial
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
56,148
53,516
53,063
53,257
54,052
54,255
6,154
6,531
6,940
7,765
8,060
8,105
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
53,774
55,479
53,821
51,521
49,966
47,232
45,508
43,914
40,775
41,337
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
(2)
Nuptial
Ex-nuptial(2)
62,302
60,047
60,003
61,022
62,112
62,360
733
606
571
614
635
526
81
112
97
121
117
99
814
718
668
735
752
625
8,276
8,981
9,394
9,206
9,370
9,407
9,597
10,265
10,254
10,942
62,050
64,460
63,215
60,727
59,336
56,639
55,105
54,179
51,029
52,279
576
545
537
461
409
382
336
335
276
268
95
115
106
97
102
90
87
78
88
80
671
660
643
558
511
472
423
413
364
348
39,685
39,353
38,552
38,495
39,080
38,877
38,586
39,456
39,923
38,861
10,857
11,441
11,386
11,979
12,556
12,921
14,237
15,798
17,623
19,230
50,542
50,794
49,938
50,474
51,636
51,798
52,823
55,254
57,546
58,091
257
245
215
194
189
188
178
175
186
163
92
87
82
75
72
66
72
90
91
104
349
332
297
269
261
254
250
265
277
267
39,674
20,479
60,153
148
99
247
All births
All births
De facto population concept
Resident population concept
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
38,509
37,424
36,441
35,162
34,187
33,369
33,512
31,848
32,623
21,402
21,742
22,341
22,159
23,484
23,911
24,092
23,501
24,430
59,911
59,166
58,782
57,321
57,671
57,280
57,604
55,349
57,053
172
145
106
112
138
199
188
158
191
103
92
73
73
107
183
176
167
189
275
237
179
185
245
382
364
325
380
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
32,144
31,421
30,473
31,429
32,074
31,673
31,246
24,461
24,378
23,548
24,705
25,999
26,072
27,947
56,605
55,799
54,021
56,134
58,073
57,745
59,193
202
166
192
173
226
206
203
147
159
162
173
257
154
167
349
325
354
346
483
360
370
(1) Excludes late registrations under section 16 of the Births, Deaths, and Marriages Registration Act 1995. (Births that were not registered
in the ordinary way at the time the birth occurred.)
(2) Births to parents who were not legally married or in a civil union at the time of birth. Many of these children are born to couples living in
de facto relationships.
(3) Until 30 August 1995, a stillbirth was defined as a child born dead after 28 weeks of pregnancy. From 1 September 1995, a child is
stillborn when it is dead at birth and either weighs 400g or more at birth, or is born after the 20th week of pregnancy. As a result, stillbirth
figures from 1995 onwards are not strictly comparable with earlier years.
Note:
(a) Births data from 1991 onwards are based on births registered in New Zealand to mothers resident in New Zealand by date of registration.
Before 1991, births data are based on births registered in New Zealand to mothers resident in New Zealand and mothers visiting from
overseas by date of registration.
(b) Births data for 1998 are lower than expected because of a small change to the rate at which births were registered during 1998.
(c) Until June 2006, nuptiality was determined by the date of marriage given on the birth registration form. If no date of marriage is given,
the birth is assumed to be ex-nuptial. From 1 July 2006, nuptiality was determined by a new question on the birth registration form
which allows marriages, civil unions and de facto relationships to be recorded.
(d) Stillbirths registered in the March 2004 quarter are higher than expected due to changes in the follow-up procedures used by the
Department of Internal Affairs for outstanding registrations.
38
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 2.02
Live Births by Ethnicity(1)
1996–2006
December
year
Ethnicity(2)
Mäori
Pacific
Asian
European(3) MELAA(4)
Other (pre
2006)(5)
Other (from
2006)(6)
All live
births(7)
Mother
1996
12,726
5,938
3,499
38,831
…
350
…
57,280
1997
13,176
5,966
3,975
39,452
…
391
…
57,604
1998
12,250
5,774
3,949
38,591
…
455
…
55,349
1999
12,866
6,523
4,033
39,336
…
475
…
57,053
2000
12,753
6,302
4,314
38,789
…
486
…
56,605
2001
12,689
6,321
4,133
38,307
…
559
…
55,799
2002
11,968
6,209
4,618
36,679
…
511
…
54,021
2003
12,462
6,363
5,285
37,561
…
681
…
56,134
2004
13,066
6,690
5,739
38,615
…
752
…
58,073
2005
13,092
6,553
5,662
38,573
…
772
…
57,745
2006
13,654
6,643
5,610
39,666
750
…
698
59,193
Child
(8)
1996
15,804
7,458
3,792
40,229
…
467
…
57,280
1997
16,301
7,596
4,286
40,980
…
509
…
57,604
1998
15,232
7,367
4,252
40,019
…
590
…
55,349
1999
16,015
8,166
4,448
40,853
…
601
…
57,053
2000
15,851
8,184
4,659
40,460
…
649
…
56,605
2001
15,839
8,218
4,505
39,868
…
719
…
55,799
2002
14,871
8,023
5,054
38,259
…
682
…
54,021
2003
15,657
8,299
5,706
39,196
…
874
…
56,134
2004
16,259
8,671
6,266
40,307
…
892
…
58,073
2005
16,437
8,605
6,168
40,375
…
951
…
57,745
2006
17,342
8,926
6,028
41,575
942
…
947
59,193
(1) Excludes late registrations under section 16 of the Births, Deaths, and Marriages Registration Act 1995. (Births
that were not registered in the ordinary way at the time the birth occurred.)
(2) Each birth has been included in every ethnic group specified. For this reason, some births are counted more than once.
(3) Before 2006, New Zealanders were included in the European ethnic group.
(4) Middle Eastern, Latin American and African.
(5) Includes MELAA and other ethnicities not elsewhere included.
(6) Includes New Zealander and other ethnicities not elsewhere included.
(7) Includes ethnicity not stated or response out of scope.
(8) From July 1998, if no ethnic group was stated for a child, the child was assigned the ethnic groups of its parents.
Note:
(a) Births data are based on live births registered in New Zealand to mothers resident in New Zealand by date of registration.
(b) Births data for 1998 are lower than expected because of a small change to the rate at which births were
registered during 1998.
(c) Ethnic group figures from 1998 onwards allow for up to 10 ethnicities to be captured per person. Prior to 1998, the maximum
number of ethnicities captured per person was three.
39
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 2.03
Live Births by Mäori Descent
1996–2006
Descent
December year
Mäori
Non-Mäori
Not
elsewhere
included(1)
All live births
Mother
1996
12,932
40,917
3,431
57,280
1997
13,312
41,854
2,438
57,604
1998
12,051
40,809
2,489
55,349
1999
12,577
42,323
2,153
57,053
2000
12,606
41,857
2,142
56,605
2001
12,440
41,287
2,072
55,799
2002
11,838
40,286
1,897
54,021
2003
12,164
41,901
2,069
56,134
2004
12,709
43,256
2,108
58,073
2005
13,026
42,944
1,775
57,745
2006
14,298
43,213
1,682
59,193
Child
(2)
1996
17,478
36,910
2,892
57,280
1997
17,930
37,766
1,908
57,604
1998
16,059
37,003
2,287
55,349
1999
15,988
38,887
2,178
57,053
2000
15,956
38,375
2,274
56,605
2001
15,848
37,761
2,190
55,799
2002
15,105
36,885
2,031
54,021
2003
15,639
38,292
2,203
56,134
2004
16,297
39,481
2,295
58,073
2005
16,851
39,000
1,894
57,745
2006
18,623
38,786
1,784
59,193
(1) Includes Mäori descent not known or not recorded.
(2) From December 1995 to June 1998, children were assigned Mäori descent if either parent
indicated they had Mäori descent. From July 1998, if the descent of the child was not stated,
the child was assigned Mäori descent if either parent indicated they had Mäori descent.
40
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 2.04
Live Births(1)
By ethnicity of mother and child
Year ended 31 December 2006
Ethnic group
(2)
Total response
Mother
Child
European
Mäori
Pacific
Asian
MELAA(3)
Other(4)
39,666
13,654
6,643
5,610
41,575
17,342
8,926
6,028
750
698
942
947
European
Mäori
Pacific
Asian
MELAA(3)
32,660
7,193
4,989
5,128
28,693
5,957
4,469
4,180
670
546
535
639
5,517
768
184
50
99
483
65
6
8,198
1,446
1,031
234
149
1,271
106
17
15
94
1
8
4
21
152
24
11
27
12
43
5
16
243
71
8
21
24
1
0
0
1
14
0
1
1,286
233
39
43
90
5
5
8
9
55
6
8
18
105
305
71
59,193
59,193
One ethnic group(5)
Other(4)
Two ethnic groups(6)
European/Mäori
European/Pacific
European/Asian
European/MELAA
European/Other(4)
Mäori/Pacific
Mäori/Asian
Mäori/MELAA
Mäori/Other(4)
Pacific/Asian
Pacific/MELAA
Pacific/Other
Asian/MELAA
Asian/Other(4)
MELAA/Other(4)
Three ethnic groups(7)
European/Mäori/Pacific
European/Mäori/Asian
European/Mäori/MELAA
European/Mäori/Other(4)
European/Pacific/Asian
European/Pacific/MELAA
European/Pacific/Other
European/Asian/MELAA
European/Asian/Other(4)
Mäori/Pacific/Asian
Mäori/Pacific/MELAA
Other combinations of 3 ethnic groups
Four or more ethnic groups(8)
(9)
Not elsewhere included
Live births
(1) Excludes late registrations under section 16 of the Births, Deaths, and Marriages Registration Act 1995. (Births which were
not registered in the ordinary way at the time the birth occurred.)
(2) Each birth has been included in every ethnic group stated. For this reason, some births are counted more than once.
(3) Middle Eastern, Latin American and African.
(4) 'Other' includes New Zealander and other ethnicities not elsewhere included.
(5) Includes births where only one ethnic group was stated or the ethnic groups stated were all in the same broad group.
(6) Includes births where the stated ethnic groups belonged to two different broad groups.
(7) Includes births where the stated ethnic groups belonged to three different broad groups.
(8) Includes all other ethnic combinations.
(9) Includes ethnicity not stated or response out of scope.
Note: Births data are based on live births registered in New Zealand to mothers resident in New Zealand by date of registration.
41
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 2.05
December
year
Live Births(1) by Mother's Age and Ethnicity(2)
1998–2006
Age of mother (years)
Under 15
15–19
20–24
25–29
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
23
22
23
19
24
26
23
1,961
1,917
1,793
1,973
2,166
2,171
2,284
3,775
3,712
3,424
3,567
3,706
3,641
3,871
3,302
3,269
3,023
3,079
3,107
3,159
3,251
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
5
2
7
8
7
5
6
577
584
545
568
625
623
624
1,566
1,682
1,616
1,602
1,670
1,649
1,701
1,733
1,730
1,668
1,712
1,846
1,744
1,832
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
113
110
105
122
123
111
108
528
551
664
728
824
842
827
1,263
1,174
1,343
1,518
1,568
1,638
1,664
35–39
30–34
All ages
Median age of
mother (years)
40–44
45+
233
252
272
325
304
301
346
3
12
12
15
12
8
19
12,753
12,689
11,968
12,462
13,066
13,092
13,654
25.9
26.0
26.2
26.1
26.0
26.0
25.9
152
157
166
183
217
196
223
8
7
7
12
12
15
17
6,302
6,321
6,209
6,363
6,690
6,553
6,643
27.8
27.6
27.7
27.9
27.7
27.8
27.6
791
769
776
901
991
1,022
968
123
157
161
225
243
220
202
6
6
9
9
12
7
8
4,314
4,133
4,618
5,285
5,739
5,662
5,610
30.8
30.8
30.6
30.7
30.9
30.6
30.6
1,082
1,109
1,237
1,366
1,376
1,402
1,381
34
46
46
55
55
69
68
38,789
38,307
36,679
37,561
38,615
38,573
39,666
30.3
30.5
30.8
31.0
31.1
31.2
31.1
Mäori ethnic group
2,313
1,143
2,361
1,144
2,329
1,092
2,346
1,138
2,528
1,219
2,547
1,239
2,501
1,359
Pacific ethnic group
1,490
1,445
1,382
1,419
1,442
1,399
1,397
771
714
818
859
871
922
843
Asian ethnic group
1,489
1,366
1,559
1,782
1,978
1,821
1,832
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
10
14
10
8
14
14
17
1,958
2,011
1,948
1,971
2,057
2,183
2,451
5,576
5,373
5,151
5,082
5,456
5,255
5,863
European ethnic group(3)
10,966
12,948
6,215
10,464
12,925
6,365
9,071
12,756
6,460
9,060
13,113
6,906
8,933
13,612
7,112
8,705
13,523
7,422
8,949
13,209
7,728
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
0
0
0
0
0
19
24
24
23
21
27
85
98
92
130
126
124
Other ethnic group(4)
139
146
81
152
147
114
125
173
70
208
195
96
238
223
113
220
229
141
16
21
27
22
28
28
0
3
0
7
3
3
486
559
511
681
752
772
30.0
30.2
30.3
29.6
29.8
30.2
103
MELAA ethnic group(5)
183
242
151
38
6
750
31.0
54
Other ethnic group(6)
156
290
150
32
0
698
32.4
1,497
1,580
1,741
1,975
2,016
2,003
2,054
50
70
66
91
90
93
108
56,605
55,799
54,021
56,134
58,073
57,745
59,193
29.7
29.8
30.1
30.2
30.3
30.4
30.3
2006
2006
0
0
27
16
(7)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
31
28
29
29
36
37
35
3,787
3,745
3,593
3,755
4,008
4,099
4,338
9,881
9,751
9,264
9,467
9,960
9,709
10,308
15,766
15,100
13,747
13,990
14,071
13,798
14,082
Live births
17,163
8,430
17,009
8,516
16,926
8,655
17,523
9,304
18,290
9,602
17,977
10,029
17,867
10,401
(1) Excludes late registrations under section 16 of the Births, Deaths, and Marriages Registration Act 1995. (Births that were not
registered in the ordinary way at the time the birth occurred.)
(2) Each birth has been included in every ethnic group stated. For this reason, some births are counted more than once.
(3) Before 2006, New Zealanders were included in the European ethnic group.
(4) Before 2006, 'Other' included MELAA and other ethnicities not elsewhere included.
(5) Middle Eastern, Latin American and African.
(6) From 2006, 'Other' includes New Zealander and other ethnicities not elsewhere included.
(7) Includes ethnicity not stated or response out of scope.
Note:
Births data are based on live births registered in New Zealand to mothers resident in New Zealand by date of registration.
42
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 2.06
Single and Multiple Births(1)
By live/still
(2)
combination
1971–2006
December
year
All births
Live
Still
Single births
Live
Still
Twins
Both
live
Both
still
Triplets
One live
one still
All
live
All
still
One live
two still
Two live
one still
Other(3)
De facto population concept
1971
1972
1973
1974
64,460
63,215
60,727
59,336
660
643
558
511
63,111
61,976
59,568
58,222
624
609
526
470
1,298
1,188
1,132
1,078
12
22
16
16
48
24
28
46
27
39
9
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
6
0
0
0
0
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
56,639
55,105
54,179
51,029
52,279
472
423
413
364
348
55,464
54,045
53,105
49,962
51,240
438
403
380
346
334
1,136
1,030
1,036
1,022
1,006
10
2
12
6
2
48
36
38
24
24
15
12
15
33
21
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
50,542
50,794
49,938
50,474
51,636
349
332
297
269
261
49,522
49,761
48,926
49,400
50,451
327
292
275
252
242
984
984
972
1,034
1,134
8
18
6
8
8
28
44
26
18
22
18
27
21
27
36
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
4
0
0
4
4
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
51,798
52,823
55,254
57,546
58,091
254
250
265
277
267
50,686
51,692
53,968
56,281
56,758
231
239
249
262
245
1,064
1,088
1,264
1,230
1,286
8
0
6
2
6
26
20
20
24
32
30
27
12
21
27
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
0
4
4
0
0
4
1990
60,153
247
58,723
227
1,374
6
28
42
0
0
0
0
Resident population concept
1991
1992
1993
1994
59,911
59,166
58,782
57,321
275
237
179
185
58,453
57,734
57,316
55,804
254
224
167
169
1,402
1,404
1,412
1,458
4
0
2
2
34
26
20
28
39
15
36
45
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
57,671
57,280
57,604
55,349
57,053
245
382
364
325
380
56,217
55,787
55,959
53,651
55,359
227
344
324
305
338
1,382
1,416
1,552
1,654
1,616
4
18
20
8
14
28
38
40
16
52
54
48
69
30
48
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
6
4
8
4
4
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
56,605
55,799
54,021
56,134
58,073
349
325
354
346
483
54,802
54,031
52,217
54,288
56,194
318
302
320
318
443
1,714
1,726
1,756
1,766
1,828
20
10
18
6
20
22
22
28
42
38
78
30
33
57
30
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
2005
2006
57,745
59,193
360
370
55,969
57,460
329
338
1,726
1,690
14
16
34
26
33
30
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
(1) Excludes late registrations under section 16 of the Births, Deaths, and Marriages Registration Act 1995. (Births that were not registered in the
ordinary way at the time the birth occurred.)
(2) Until 30 August 1995, a stillbirth was defined as a child born dead after 28 weeks of pregnancy. From 1 September 1995, a child is
stillborn when it is dead at birth and either weighs 400g or more at birth, or is born after the 20th week of pregnancy. As a result, stillbirth
figures from 1995 onwards are not strictly comparable with earlier years.
(3) All other births are live births.
Note:
(a) Births data from 1991 onwards are based on births registered in New Zealand to mothers resident in New Zealand by date of
registration. Before 1991, births data are based on births registered in New Zealand to mothers resident in New Zealand and mothers
visiting from overseas by date of registration.
(b) Births data for 1998 are lower than expected because of a small change to the rate at which births were registered during 1998.
(c) Stillbirths registered in the March 2004 quarter are higher than expected due to changes in the follow-up procedures used by the Department of
Internal Affairs for outstanding registrations.
43
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 2.07
Confinements(1) Resulting in Live and Still Births
By mother's age (2)
Year ended 31 December 2006
Age of mother
(years)
All confinements
Live
Still
Cases of twins
Single cases
Live
Still
Both
still
Both
live
Cases of triplets
One live
one still
All
live
All
still
One live
two still
Two live
one still
Single year of age
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
0
0
4
31
114
438
894
1,248
1,615
1
0
0
0
1
3
3
8
11
0
0
4
31
114
438
890
1,241
1,597
1
0
0
0
1
3
3
8
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
7
18
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
21
22
23
24
1,785
1,958
1,952
2,140
2,365
11
8
9
13
15
1,775
1,937
1,934
2,115
2,334
11
7
9
13
15
10
20
17
25
30
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
26
27
28
29
2,411
2,653
2,729
2,938
3,166
11
13
16
16
21
2,386
2,611
2,691
2,899
3,122
8
12
15
16
21
25
41
38
36
43
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
30
31
32
33
34
3,201
3,631
3,649
3,640
3,475
21
24
23
15
20
3,170
3,575
3,586
3,583
3,408
21
23
23
15
19
30
54
60
54
65
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
2
3
0
0
1
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
35
36
37
38
39
3,042
2,393
2,058
1,525
1,157
11
20
10
13
11
2,998
2,335
2,009
1,488
1,120
11
20
10
13
11
44
58
46
37
37
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
41
42
43
44
822
527
344
202
114
5
6
4
3
0
798
517
334
200
114
5
5
4
3
0
24
10
9
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
45
46
47
48
49+
56
28
15
3
5
1
0
0
0
0
56
28
15
2
5
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Age group
Under 20
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45+
4,344
10,200
13,897
17,596
10,175
2,009
107
27
56
77
103
65
18
1
4,315
10,095
13,709
17,322
9,950
1,963
106
27
55
72
101
65
17
1
29
102
183
263
222
45
1
0
1
4
2
0
1
0
0
0
4
7
1
1
0
0
3
1
4
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
All ages
58,328
347
57,460
338
845
8
13
10
1
0
0
(1) A pregnancy resulting in either live or stillborn children. Such an event is counted as one confinement irrespective of whether a single
or multiple birth results.
(2) Confinements (live and still) registered in New Zealand to mothers resident in New Zealand by date of registration.
44
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 2.08
(1)
Live Nuptial Confinements
(2)
By mother's previous births
1962–2006
December
year
Mother's previous births
5
6+
Nuptial
confinements
3,969
3,805
3,364
2,959
2,758
2,663
2,616
2,519
2,075
2,159
1,865
1,705
1,486
1,438
1,343
1,285
3,062
2,927
2,755
2,449
2,188
2,050
1,956
1,885
59,157
58,325
55,496
53,044
52,681
52,845
53,580
53,874
4,800
4,680
4,348
4,018
3,454
3,128
3,025
2,914
2,613
2,703
2,345
2,139
1,906
1,824
1,541
1,240
1,079
990
814
887
1,185
1,089
957
879
751
609
504
392
363
342
1,708
1,471
1,201
1,129
910
698
578
434
384
309
53,326
54,876
53,272
51,042
49,491
46,739
45,075
43,454
40,339
40,901
7,162
7,058
6,739
6,706
6,996
6,941
6,998
7,235
7,180
7,166
2,524
2,600
2,477
2,519
2,514
2,444
2,484
2,692
2,822
2,783
779
780
778
806
839
793
861
819
874
899
288
338
307
312
282
288
322
320
333
360
279
246
272
218
211
207
221
227
231
238
39,274
38,921
38,147
38,071
38,623
38,445
38,142
38,973
39,462
38,389
7,367
2,796
931
353
252
39,172
0(3)
1
2
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
16,856
16,541
16,194
16,583
17,222
17,564
17,960
18,331
14,523
14,823
14,226
13,822
14,064
14,489
14,910
15,231
11,437
11,045
10,592
9,868
9,575
9,452
9,775
9,533
7,235
7,025
6,500
5,658
5,388
5,189
5,020
5,090
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
18,828
20,101
19,991
17,958
17,845
16,709
15,831
15,751
14,792
15,054
15,068
15,688
15,936
16,439
16,374
16,178
16,034
15,029
13,847
13,781
9,392
9,708
8,933
8,795
8,616
8,177
8,024
7,944
7,526
7,825
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
14,989
14,662
14,370
14,538
14,466
14,633
14,269
14,487
14,703
14,090
13,253
13,237
13,204
12,972
13,315
13,139
12,987
13,193
13,319
12,853
1990
14,575
12,898
3
4
De facto population concept
Resident population concept
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
14,098
13,625
13,440
13,141
12,728
12,033
12,328
12,288
12,456
12,527
12,366
12,047
11,615
11,447
11,637
11,556
10,876
11,403
7,064
6,782
6,574
6,032
5,897
5,716
5,588
5,084
5,109
2,802
2,663
2,502
2,428
2,232
2,168
2,094
1,833
1,848
944
910
842
851
823
750
777
733
695
329
367
328
329
341
341
364
286
327
242
241
213
230
249
282
275
240
265
38,006
36,954
35,946
34,626
33,717
32,927
32,982
31,340
32,103
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
12,792
12,276
11,859
12,640
13,196
13,089
13,002
10,952
10,989
10,734
11,010
11,245
11,068
11,040
4,861
4,761
4,531
4,488
4,440
4,447
4,297
1,774
1,628
1,635
1,594
1,486
1,447
1,394
650
665
636
542
592
573
547
311
316
294
297
305
276
255
251
243
252
286
229
246
229
31,591
30,878
29,941
30,857
31,493
31,146
30,764
(1) A pregnancy resulting in either live or stillborn children. Such an event is counted as one confinement irrespective of whether a single
or multiple birth results.
(2) Children of current relationship only.
(3) Includes previous births not stated.
Note:
(a) Confinement data from 1991 onwards are based on confinements registered in New Zealand to mothers resident in New Zealand
by date of registration. Before 1991, confinement data are based on confinements registered in New Zealand to mothers resident in
New Zealand and mothers visiting from overseas by date of registration.
(b) Confinement data for 1998 are lower than expected because of a small change to the rate at which births were registered during 1998.
45
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 2.09
Live Nuptial Confinements(1)
By mother's age and previous births (parity) (2)
1962–2006
(A) Parity 0 (3)
December
year
Age of mother (years)
Under 20
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45+
All ages
De facto population concept
1962
2,783
9,141
3,132
1,146
498
144
12
16,856
1966
3,899
8,484
3,504
830
379
120
6
17,222
1971
4,151
10,285
4,270
1,046
271
71
7
20,101
1972
4,105
9,886
4,576
1,032
309
73
10
19,991
1973
3,469
8,615
4,596
950
250
73
5
17,958
1974
3,205
8,590
4,771
984
240
54
1
17,845
1975
2,681
7,778
4,883
1,065
243
56
3
16,709
1976
2,237
7,363
4,783
1,114
278
55
1
15,831
1977
1,909
7,076
5,126
1,294
285
58
3
15,751
1978
1,661
6,534
4,935
1,333
282
43
4
14,792
1979
1,519
6,405
5,295
1,457
316
57
5
15,054
1980
1,325
6,439
5,261
1,582
327
50
5
14,989
1981
1,139
6,240
5,394
1,519
312
56
2
14,662
1982
936
5,923
5,524
1,602
336
47
2
14,370
1983
769
5,827
5,641
1,835
411
52
3
14,538
1984
653
5,336
5,999
1,979
440
56
3
14,466
1985
544
5,196
6,202
2,138
510
41
2
14,633
1986
509
4,680
6,160
2,292
567
59
2
14,269
1987
489
4,447
6,416
2,490
565
75
5
14,487
1988
402
4,185
6,579
2,784
664
84
5
14,703
1989
352
3,693
6,407
2,873
654
107
4
14,090
1990
398
3,631
6,487
3,144
805
105
5
14,575
Resident population concept
1991
341
3,273
6,078
3,412
873
116
5
14,098
1992
248
2,917
5,815
3,593
902
141
9
13,625
1993
229
2,656
5,665
3,778
987
119
6
13,440
1994
205
2,410
5,395
3,896
1,076
153
6
13,141
1995
179
2,134
5,133
3,983
1,122
168
9
12,728
1996
186
1,936
4,813
3,798
1,128
162
10
12,033
1997
195
1,832
4,785
4,056
1,246
203
11
12,328
1998
192
1,706
4,629
4,132
1,405
214
10
12,288
1999
170
1,612
4,585
4,364
1,495
220
10
12,456
2000
176
1,607
4,596
4,568
1,590
243
12
12,792
2001
168
1,522
4,287
4,428
1,587
275
9
12,276
2002
156
1,458
3,839
4,527
1,609
261
9
11,859
2003
157
1,472
4,008
4,870
1,793
321
19
12,640
2004
166
1,566
4,086
5,147
1,865
345
21
13,196
2005
143
1,522
4,031
5,062
1,937
362
32
13,089
2006
138
1,534
3,963
5,012
2,002
333
20
13,002
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
46
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 2.09 continued
Live Nuptial Confinements(1)
By mother's age and previous births (parity) (2)
1962–2006
(B) Parity 1
December
year
Age of mother (years)
Under 20
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
All ages
45+
De facto population concept
1962
713
6,439
4,799
1,769
647
144
12
14,523
1966
875
6,504
4,815
1,268
493
102
7
14,064
1971
875
7,254
5,659
1,499
309
87
5
15,688
1972
888
7,197
5,978
1,518
289
61
5
15,936
1973
1,079
7,256
6,265
1,492
297
47
3
16,439
1974
1,031
6,823
6,519
1,618
334
45
4
16,374
1975
973
6,624
6,646
1,572
314
47
2
16,178
1976
896
6,449
6,647
1,682
313
45
2
16,034
1977
728
5,722
6,314
1,901
315
47
2
15,029
1978
576
5,012
5,860
2,020
342
35
2
13,847
1979
502
4,757
6,001
2,153
319
46
3
13,781
1980
434
4,417
5,805
2,192
363
39
3
13,253
1981
393
4,262
5,838
2,330
367
45
2
13,237
1982
274
4,039
5,936
2,474
434
46
1
13,204
1983
261
3,705
5,963
2,531
459
50
3
12,972
1984
192
3,641
6,188
2,704
523
66
1
13,315
1985
179
3,331
6,122
2,885
564
56
2
13,139
1986
122
3,104
5,975
3,098
623
63
2
12,987
1987
146
2,806
6,074
3,371
727
65
4
13,193
1988
122
2,512
6,038
3,762
794
90
1
13,319
1989
110
2,278
5,708
3,777
879
98
3
12,853
1990
121
2,023
5,556
4,124
963
109
2
12,898
Resident population concept
1991
89
1,886
5,202
4,157
1,072
119
2
12,527
1992
82
1,780
4,827
4,363
1,187
125
2
12,366
1993
91
1,574
4,538
4,436
1,266
138
4
12,047
1994
49
1,407
4,129
4,472
1,375
175
8
11,615
1995
61
1,231
4,028
4,468
1,486
167
6
11,447
1996
45
1,184
3,974
4,602
1,636
191
5
11,637
1997
41
944
3,749
4,750
1,837
229
6
11,556
1998
40
832
3,307
4,583
1,888
219
7
10,876
1999
36
915
3,282
4,807
2,063
291
9
11,403
2000
46
848
3,145
4,552
2,087
270
4
10,952
2001
37
833
3,013
4,622
2,154
321
9
10,989
2002
36
772
2,658
4,650
2,248
364
6
10,734
2003
35
716
2,649
4,736
2,455
411
8
11,010
2004
2005
2006
30
30
23
739
687
662
2,501
2,395
2,316
4,968
4,875
4,829
2,559
2,676
2,736
429
395
456
19
10
18
11,245
11,068
11,040
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
47
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 2.09 continued
Live Nuptial Confinements(1)
By mother's age and previous births (parity)
(2)
1962–2006
(C) Parity 2
December
year
Age of mother (years)
Under 20
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45+
All ages
De facto population concept
1962
102
2,952
4,700
2,556
885
229
13
11,437
1966
95
2,405
4,376
1,832
704
153
10
9,575
1971
65
2,577
4,471
2,054
441
97
3
9,708
1972
56
2,220
4,168
1,965
420
99
5
8,933
1973
82
2,290
4,145
1,820
390
63
5
8,795
1974
68
2,240
4,125
1,754
369
58
2
8,616
1975
76
2,037
3,974
1,687
337
64
2
8,177
1976
76
1,981
3,883
1,694
348
39
3
8,024
1977
71
1,866
3,772
1,812
367
54
2
7,944
1978
46
1,708
3,512
1,867
352
39
2
7,526
1979
34
1,637
3,600
2,130
382
40
2
7,825
1980
32
1,404
3,247
2,073
360
45
1
7,162
1981
25
1,304
3,212
2,097
374
45
1
7,058
1982
12
1,169
3,001
2,092
418
42
5
6,739
1983
21
1,110
3,055
2,041
436
41
2
6,706
1984
11
1,041
3,104
2,270
513
52
5
6,996
1985
13
1,046
3,066
2,252
513
50
1
6,941
1986
12
911
3,042
2,415
574
40
4
6,998
1987
14
804
3,086
2,629
649
53
0
7,235
1988
14
751
2,956
2,690
693
71
5
7,180
1989
14
655
2,881
2,785
762
67
2
7,166
1990
8
635
2,782
3,015
840
84
3
7,367
Resident population concept
1991
7
573
2,505
2,935
949
92
3
7,064
1992
10
571
2,267
2,862
961
107
4
6,782
1993
15
510
2,074
2,882
981
109
3
6,574
1994
1
451
1,849
2,628
988
111
4
6,032
1995
8
391
1,737
2,579
1,070
108
4
5,897
1996
10
334
1,654
2,393
1,173
144
8
5,716
1997
4
303
1,482
2,388
1,245
162
4
5,588
1998
3
217
1,343
2,171
1,209
139
2
5,084
1999
5
256
1,241
2,142
1,290
166
9
5,109
2000
6
220
1,117
2,090
1,246
182
0
4,861
2001
1
229
1,109
1,970
1,272
174
6
4,761
2002
3
222
1,010
1,873
1,240
170
13
4,531
2003
2
183
982
1,840
1,279
196
6
4,488
2004
2005
2006
1
3
6
223
209
175
908
864
853
1,818
1,804
1,698
1,267
1,353
1,356
219
204
200
4
10
9
4,440
4,447
4,297
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
48
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 2.09 continued
(1)
Live Nuptial Confinements
(2)
By mother's age and previous births (parity)
1962–2006
(D) Parity 3 or more
December
year
Age of mother (years)
Under 20
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45+
All ages
De facto population concept
1962
7
1,480
4,920
5,364
3,363
1,117
90
16,341
1966
5
963
3,603
3,744
2,553
881
71
11,820
1971
1
765
2,978
3,250
1,736
606
43
9,379
1972
0
682
2,622
2,938
1,612
520
38
8,412
1973
7
694
2,532
2,768
1,351
456
42
7,850
1974
2
642
2,204
2,224
1,208
347
29
6,656
1975
1
533
1,986
1,889
936
297
33
5,675
1976
3
486
1,843
1,754
827
249
24
5,186
1977
1
446
1,672
1,586
776
233
16
4,730
1978
3
371
1,362
1,472
729
222
15
4,174
1979
3
352
1,444
1,521
729
174
18
4,241
1980
2
314
1,285
1,439
647
166
17
3,870
1981
2
313
1,325
1,519
636
159
10
3,964
1982
1
248
1,307
1,403
681
177
17
3,834
1983
1
243
1,311
1,484
643
159
14
3,855
1984
2
237
1,315
1,432
706
140
14
3,846
1985
0
206
1,200
1,464
701
148
13
3,732
1986
0
207
1,239
1,534
736
163
9
3,888
1987
0
209
1,193
1,702
776
167
11
4,058
1988
0
184
1,284
1,764
844
169
15
4,260
1989
0
179
1,272
1,822
812
178
17
4,280
1990
0
150
1,167
1,856
966
179
14
4,332
1991
0
139
1,157
1,823
981
208
9
4,317
1992
0
112
1,016
1,807
1,052
187
7
4,181
1993
0
130
869
1,695
977
202
12
3,885
1994
0
116
855
1,596
1,048
212
11
3,838
1995
0
108
754
1,525
1,031
215
12
3,645
1996
0
108
749
1,398
1,027
247
12
3,541
1997
0
86
707
1,340
1,100
263
14
3,510
1998
1
66
544
1,233
985
251
12
3,092
1999
0
65
607
1,188
1,000
262
13
3,135
2000
0
68
517
1,168
953
265
15
2,986
2001
0
53
434
1,119
952
276
18
2,852
2002
0
46
479
1,020
954
305
13
2,817
2003
0
52
449
940
918
338
22
2,719
2004
2005
2006
0
0
1
50
47
42
412
378
392
961
905
883
896
899
841
281
298
244
12
15
22
2,612
2,542
2,425
Resident population concept
(1) A pregnancy resulting in either live or stillborn children. Such an event is counted as one confinement irrespective of whether
a single or multiple birth results.
(2) Children of current relationship only.
(3) Includes previous births not stated.
Note:
(a) Confinement data from 1991 onwards are based on confinements registered in New Zealand to mothers resident in New Zealand
by date of registration. Before 1991, confinement data are based on confinements registered in New Zealand to mothers resident in
New Zealand and mothers visiting from overseas by date of registration.
(b) Confinement data for 1998 are lower than expected because of a small change to the rate at which births were registered during 1998.
49
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 2.10
Selected Fertility Rates
Total population
1962–2006
December
year
Crude birth
rate(1)
Total fertility
rate(2)
Gross reproduction
rate(3)
Net reproduction
rate(4)
Ex-nuptial birth
rate(5)
De facto population concept
1962
1966
26.16
22.37
4.19
3.41
2.04
1.66
1.97
1.61
31.16
36.92
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
22.51
21.68
20.40
19.51
18.27
17.60
17.24
16.23
16.66
3.18
3.00
2.76
2.58
2.37
2.27
2.21
2.07
2.12
1.55
1.47
1.35
1.25
1.16
1.09
1.08
1.01
1.04
1.51
1.43
1.31
1.22
1.13
1.07
1.05
0.99
1.01
44.39
44.26
41.06
39.48
37.71
36.86
38.09
36.97
38.67
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
16.08
16.09
15.70
15.67
15.87
15.83
16.12
16.73
17.35
17.44
2.03
2.01
1.95
1.92
1.93
1.93
1.96
2.03
2.10
2.12
0.99
0.98
0.94
0.93
0.94
0.94
0.96
0.98
1.02
1.04
0.97
0.96
0.92
0.91
0.92
0.92
0.94
0.96
1.00
1.01
37.53
38.81
37.03
37.17
37.32
37.10
39.80
42.44
45.85
48.83
1990
17.89
2.18
1.07
1.05
50.95
1.00
0.97
0.97
0.95
0.94
0.93
0.94
0.90
0.95
50.17
49.90
50.16
48.53
50.07
49.60
48.97
47.02
48.21
Resident population concept
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
17.14
16.75
16.45
15.83
15.69
15.34
15.23
14.51
14.87
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
14.66
14.36
13.67
13.94
14.20
13.96
14.14
2.09
2.06
2.04
1.98
1.98
1.96
1.96
1.89
1.97
R
R
R
R
R
1.98
1.97
1.89
1.93
1.98
1.97
2.01
1.01
0.99
0.99
0.96
0.96
0.95
0.96
0.92
0.96
0.96
0.97
0.92
0.94
0.97
0.96
0.98
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
0.95
0.95
0.91
0.93
0.95
0.95
0.97
R
R
R
R
R
47.50
46.52
43.72
44.36
45.48
44.64
46.82
R
R
R
R
R
(1) Per 1,000 mean estimated population.
(2) The average number of live births that a woman would have during her life if she experienced the age-specific fertility rates of a
given period (usually a year). It excludes the effect of mortality.
(3) The average number of daughters that a woman would have during her life if she experienced the age-specific fertility rates of that
year. It excludes the effect of mortality.
(4) The average number of daughters that a woman would have during her life if she experienced the age-specific fertility and mortality
rates of that year. A net reproduction rate of one means that a woman would exactly replace herself.
(5) Ex-nuptial births per 1,000 estimated mean not-married women aged 15–49 years (excludes the estimated number of women in a civil
union).
Note:
(a) Rates from 1991 onwards are based on live births registered in New Zealand to mothers resident in New Zealand by date of
registration and the mean estimated resident population. Before 1991, rates are based on live births registered in New Zealand
to mothers resident in New Zealand and mothers visiting from overseas by date of registration and the mean estimated de facto
population.
(b) Rates for 1998 are lower than expected because of a small change to the rate at which births were registered during 1998.
50
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 2.11
Selected Fertility Rates
Mäori population
(1)(2)
1962–2006
Gross reproduction
rate(5)
Net reproduction
rate(6)
Ex-nuptial birth
rate(7)
Crude birth
rate(3)
Total fertility
rate(4)
1962
1966
43.41
38.25
6.18
5.54
2.99
2.69
2.75
2.54
..
..
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
36.49
33.32
30.45
28.16
26.72
25.59
25.74
24.50
24.28
5.05
4.51
4.01
3.58
3.28
3.08
2.98
2.75
2.65
2.47
2.21
1.95
1.68
1.63
1.49
1.47
1.31
1.32
2.34
2.10
1.85
1.60
1.57
1.44
1.41
1.27
1.27
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
23.16
23.61
21.97
21.90
23.27
22.07
21.94
23.05
21.94
22.22
2.43
2.47
2.27
2.23
2.34
2.20
2.14
2.26
2.17
2.21
1.19
1.19
1.09
1.07
1.14
1.08
1.04
1.10
1.07
1.07
1.15
1.15
1.06
1.04
1.10
1.05
1.01
1.07
1.04
1.05
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1990
21.77
2.19
1.07
1.04
..
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
..
..
..
..
..
29.88
30.16
27.59
28.45
..
..
..
..
..
1.27
1.30
1.20
1.28
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
27.61
27.04
25.00
25.97
26.63
26.61
27.79
December
year
De facto population concept
Resident population concept
..
..
..
..
..
2.70
2.77
2.56
2.69
R
R
R
R
R
2.66
2.64
2.50
2.60
2.70
2.67
2.74
..
..
..
..
..
1.31
1.34
1.24
1.31
1.29
1.30
1.23
1.25
1.31
1.32
1.36
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
1.26
1.27
1.21
1.23
1.29
1.29
1.33
R
R
R
R
R
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(1) The total fertility rate and reproduction rates for the Mäori population are based on the ethnicity of the child for the de facto
population and on the ethnicity of the mother for the resident population.
(2) From 1 September 1995, a new ethnicity question was asked on the birth registration form. This new question (based on the
concept of self-identification) collects more Mäori births than the previous degree-of-blood question. As a result, any change in
patterns may reflect definitional changes rather than an actual change in fertility.
(3) Per 1,000 mean estimated population.
(4) The average number of live births that a woman would have during her life if she experienced the age-specific fertility rates of a
given period (usually a year). It excludes the effect of mortality.
(5) The average number of daughters that a woman would have during her life if she experienced the age-specific fertility rates of that
year. It excludes the effect of mortality.
(6) The average number of daughters that a woman would have during her life if she experienced the age-specific fertility and mortality
rates of that year. A net reproduction rate of one means that a woman would exactly replace herself.
(7) Not available for Mäori population.
Note:
(a) Rates from 1991 onwards are based on live births registered in New Zealand to mothers resident in New Zealand by date of
registration and the mean estimated resident population. Before 1991, rates are based on live births registered in New Zealand
to mothers resident in New Zealand and mothers visiting from overseas by date of registration and the mean estimated de facto
population.
(b) Rates for 1998 are lower than expected because of a small change to the rate at which births were registered during 1998.
51
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 2.12
Total Fertility Rate(1)
New Zealand and selected countries
1994–2006
Country
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Australia
1.84 R
1.82 R
1.80
1.78
1.76
1.76
1.76
1.73
1.76
1.75
1.76 R
1.79 R
Canada
1.69
1.67
1.62
1.55
..
..
1.49
1.51
1.50
1.53
1.53
1.54
..
Denmark
1.81
1.81
1.75
1.75
1.72
1.74
1.77
1.75
1.72 R
1.76
1.78
1.80
1.85
England and Wales
1.75
1.72
1.74
1.73
1.72
1.70
1.65
1.63
1.65
1.73
1.78
1.80
1.87 P
Finland
1.85
1.81
1.76
1.75
1.70
1.74
1.73
1.73
1.72
1.76
1.80
1.80
1.84
2005
2006
1.81
France
1.65
1.71
1.73
1.73
1.76
1.79
1.88
1.88
1.87
1.88
1.90 P
1.94 P
..
Japan
1.50
1.42
1.43
1.39
1.38
1.34
1.36
1.33
1.32
1.29
1.29
1.26 R
1.32
Netherlands
NEW ZEALAND(2)(3)
1.57
1.53
1.53
1.56
1.63
1.65
1.72
1.71
1.73
1.75
1.73
1.71
1.72
1.98
1.98
1.96
1.96
1.89
1.97
1.98
1.97 R
1.89 R
1.93 R
1.98 R
1.97 R
2.01
Norway
1.87
1.87
1.89
1.86
1.81
1.85
1.85
1.78
1.75
1.80
1.83
1.84
1.90
Scotland
1.58
1.55
1.56
1.58
1.55
1.51
1.48
1.49
1.48
1.54
1.60
1.62 R
1.67
Sweden
1.89
1.74
1.61
1.53
1.51
1.50
1.55
1.56
1.64
1.71
1.75 R
1.77
1.85
Switzerland
1.49
1.48
1.50
1.48
1.47
1.48
1.50
1.41
1.39
1.39 R
1.42
1.42
1.44
United States
2.00
1.98
1.98
1.97
2.00
2.01
2.06
2.03
2.01
2.04 R
2.05
2.05 P
(1) The average number of live births that a woman would have during her life if she experienced the age-specific fertility rates of a given period
(usually a year). It excludes the effect of mortality.
(2) Rates are based on live births registered in New Zealand to mothers resident in New Zealand by date of registration and the
mean estimated resident population.
(3) Rates for 1998 are lower than expected because of a small change to the rate at which births were registered during 1998.
Note: Sources for international data are located in the references section at the end of this publication.
52
..
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 2.13
Age-specific Fertility Rates(1)
New Zealand and selected countries
Latest available years
Age of mother (years)
Country
Year
Australia
Total fertility
rate(4)
Under
20(2)
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
2005 R
2006
15.8
15.4
51.9
51.6
101.8
100.8
116.8
120.1
60.2
63.3
10.8
11.3
0.5
0.6
1.8
1.8
Canada
2004
2005
13.7
13.4
51.0
50.4
97.4
97.3
95.8
97.4
40.1
42.1
6.9
7.1
0.3
0.3
1.5
1.5
Denmark
2004
2005
5.8
5.8
44.1
43.3
124.7
125.1
125.2
127.0
48.2
50.4
7.4
8.0
0.2
0.3
1.8
1.8
England and Wales
2003
2004
26.8
26.9
71.2
72.7
96.4
98.4
94.8
99.4
46.4
48.9
9.3
9.9
0.5
0.5
1.7
1.8
Finland(5)
2005
2006
10.2
9.5
57.1
58.5
114.6
115.5
111.0
115.0
50.6
53.0
10.6
10.8
0.6
0.4
1.8
1.8
France(6)
2004 P
2005 P
7.9
7.5
55.1
54.4
128.6 R
127.5
121.0
124.9
54.2
56.7
6.4
6.8
..
..
1.9
1.9
Japan
2003
2004
5.8
5.7
38.2
37.4
90.7
88.5
87.1
87.5
33.9
35.7
4.6
4.9
0.1
0.1
1.3
1.3
Netherlands
2003
2004
5.3
4.6
36.8
36.4
102.2
99.9
134.7
133.3
61.0
61.3
9.1
9.6
0.4
0.4
1.7
1.7
NEW ZEALAND(7)
2005 R
2006
27.4
28.4
67.6
70.9
104.9
105.2
117.1
119.3
62.3
63.7
12.0
12.3
0.6
0.7
2.0
2.0
Norway
2005
2006
8.0
8.7
58.6
60.3
124.4
127.2
118.6
122.8
48.6
51.9
8.6
8.9
0.4
0.4
1.8
1.9
Scotland
2005
2006
26.2
25.8
60.9
61.9
88.6
90.2
93.2
97.1
45.4
47.8
8.4
8.7
..
..
1.6
1.7
Sweden
2003
2004 R
4.3
4.2
41.8
41.0
103.6
104.8
122.4
126.8
56.7
58.9
12.1
13.4
0.6
0.6
1.7
1.7
Switzerland
2001
2002
3.9
3.8
38.4
36.5
88.0
85.5
99.1
98.3
44.2
45.8
8.3
8.4
0.4
0.5
1.4
1.4
United States(8)
2004
2005 P
41.1
40.4
101.7
102.2
115.5
115.6
95.3
95.9
45.4
46.3
8.9
9.1
0.5
0.6
2.0
2.1
45+
(3)
(1) Per 1,000 mean estimated female population in each age group.
(2) Per 1,000 mean estimated female population aged 15–19 years.
(3) Per 1,000 mean estimated female population aged 45–49 years.
(4) The average number of live births that a woman would have during her life if she experienced the age-specific fertility rates of a given
period (usually a year). It excludes the effect of mortality.
(5) Fertility rates for women aged 15–19 are based on the number of deliveries for women aged 20 per 1,000 women aged 15–19.
(6) Fertility rates for women aged 40–44 years are based on rates for women aged 40 years and over.
(7) Figures are based on live births registered in New Zealand to mothers resident in New Zealand by date of registration and the mean
estimated resident population.
(8) Births to women under 15 years of age are excluded.
Note: Sources for international data are located in the references section at the end of this publication.
53
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 2.14
Age-specific Fertility Rates(1)
Total population
1962–2006
December
year
Age of mother (years)
(2)
Under 15
20–24
15–19
30–34
25–29
35–39
40–44
45+
(3)
Total fertility
rate(4)
Median age
of mother
(years)
De facto population concept
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.3
53.7
57.0
56.9
58.7
64.6
66.7
66.1
64.6
265.4
256.0
241.8
230.2
219.9
214.7
217.5
212.5
258.7
247.5
229.9
214.8
208.5
209.8
207.8
206.0
152.3
146.5
135.1
120.1
112.0
107.0
106.7
106.9
74.9
73.2
68.8
61.4
56.5
51.5
49.5
47.8
23.4
22.0
21.3
19.5
17.3
16.1
14.6
14.3
2.0
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.3
1.0
4.19
4.05
3.80
3.54
3.41
3.35
3.34
3.28
26.2
26.0
25.8
25.5
25.3
25.2
25.1
25.1
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
64.0
67.9
69.1
64.0
60.3
54.7
49.8
46.9
43.3
41.1
209.0
210.8
199.0
184.3
175.1
158.4
152.1
145.6
133.8
132.3
200.0
200.1
188.1
176.6
166.0
157.5
151.9
151.6
143.2
152.9
99.9
102.1
92.4
83.9
76.0
69.8
68.9
69.9
67.3
70.2
45.4
41.3
39.7
33.9
30.3
25.1
22.9
22.0
21.3
21.9
12.4
12.2
10.9
9.2
7.5
6.9
6.1
6.1
5.2
4.8
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.4
3.17
3.18
3.00
2.76
2.58
2.37
2.27
2.21
2.07
2.12
24.9
24.9
24.8
24.9
24.9
25.1
25.1
25.3
25.4
25.7
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
38.2
38.0
34.3
32.4
30.4
30.4
30.2
31.8
31.8
33.6
127.0
123.1
113.9
110.2
106.0
104.1
105.1
105.6
105.9
103.1
146.6
146.6
144.3
142.5
147.0
145.2
143.7
145.3
148.5
149.9
68.3
69.9
70.6
72.8
77.0
79.1
85.7
91.6
98.3
100.1
21.2
20.2
21.2
20.8
21.9
22.4
24.1
27.1
30.9
32.0
4.3
4.4
4.2
4.1
4.2
3.8
4.0
4.3
5.0
5.2
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
2.03
2.01
1.95
1.92
1.93
1.93
1.96
2.03
2.10
2.12
25.7
25.8
26.0
26.2
26.4
26.6
26.8
27.0
27.3
27.4
1990
0.3
35.0
103.0
149.1
106.8
36.7
5.3
0.3
2.18
27.7
5.9
6.2
6.3
6.9
7.2
8.0
8.8
8.5
9.6
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
2.09
2.06
2.04
1.98
1.98
1.96
1.96
1.89
1.97
27.9
28.2
28.3
28.5
28.6
28.8
29.1
29.3
29.5
Resident population concept
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2
33.9
32.9
32.2
31.4
33.4
33.0
32.8
29.2
28.9
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
2005
2006
0.2 R
0.2
R
R
R
R
28.2
27.5
25.6
25.9
27.1
95.2
91.0
88.8
83.4
83.0
81.2
79.1
75.3
77.4
R
R
R
R
27.2 R
28.1
77.5
76.1
70.1
68.6
70.4
140.9
135.9
133.5
127.4
123.4
119.2
116.1
110.6
114.9
R
R
R
R
67.6 R
70.9
113.5
113.3
105.3
107.7
107.8
105.0
107.4
107.6
106.0
106.1
105.3
108.0
107.1
112.3
R
R
R
R
104.9 R
105.2
113.1
111.7
109.9
112.4
117.6
37.9
39.2
40.3
41.4
43.5
44.6
47.4
48.1
51.0
R
R
R
R
117.1 R
119.3
52.5
53.7
54.7
58.7
60.2
R
R
R
R
62.3 R
63.7
10.1
10.4
11.1
12.1
12.1
R
R
R
R
12.0 R
12.3
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
R
R
R
R
0.6 R
0.7
1.98
1.97
1.89
1.93
1.98
R
R
R
R
29.7
29.8
30.1
30.2
30.3
1.97 R
2.01
30.4
30.3
(1) Per 1,000 mean estimated female population in each age group.
(2) Per 1,000 mean estimated female population aged 10–14 years.
(3) Per 1,000 mean estimated female population aged 45–49 years.
(4) The average number of live births that a woman would have during her life if she experienced the age-specific fertility rates of a given
period (usually a year). It excludes the effect of mortality.
Note:
(a) Rates from 1991 onwards are based on live births registered in New Zealand to mothers resident in New Zealand by date of registration,
and the mean estimated resident population. Before 1991, rates are based on live births registered in New Zealand to mothers resident
in New Zealand and mothers visiting from overseas by date of registration and the mean estimated de facto population.
(b) Rates for 1998 are lower than expected because of a small change to the rate at which births were registered during 1998.
54
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 2.15
Age-specific Fertility Rates(1)
Mäori population (2)(3)
1962–2006
December
year
Age of mother (years)
Median age
of mother
(years)
Under 15(4)
15–19
20–24
25–29
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1.2
1.2
1.4
0.9
1.3
1.3
1.5
0.8
128.3
129.9
125.1
129.1
140.2
139.5
130.8
127.3
357.7
373.4
372.4
353.2
345.1
344.2
354.9
341.2
292.1
311.0
286.1
281.9
269.4
277.8
269.7
273.2
225.0
215.3
190.6
179.5
170.5
171.6
174.8
170.0
149.6
148.7
136.2
131.2
119.5
119.7
105.8
106.2
64.7
61.4
63.5
51.8
48.2
44.6
40.0
38.5
8.8
7.2
6.7
8.5
7.2
7.1
7.3
5.2
6.18
6.28
5.96
5.71
5.54
5.57
5.46
5.35
25.3
25.2
24.9
24.9
24.7
24.6
24.4
24.4
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1.7
1.4
1.0
1.1
0.9
1.7
1.8
1.0
1.4
1.1
120.1
130.5
135.5
125.0
120.2
119.6
111.3
105.7
100.1
96.1
340.8
333.4
287.8
260.2
233.3
220.4
203.1
213.1
195.3
184.6
259.2
240.8
225.0
194.8
171.8
156.3
151.3
146.2
131.6
130.6
163.5
163.3
131.0
119.6
102.6
85.9
85.3
78.0
68.7
69.4
102.7
93.6
78.5
67.1
58.5
47.1
40.9
35.7
36.7
36.2
35.9
36.7
33.1
23.2
18.6
17.6
18.5
14.6
11.9
10.4
5.3
5.6
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.3
2.4
0.6
1.8
1.2
5.18
5.05
4.51
4.01
3.58
3.28
3.08
2.98
2.75
2.65
24.2
23.9
23.6
23.4
23.1
22.8
22.7
22.6
22.6
22.8
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
0.8
1.1
1.0
1.2
0.8
0.9
0.5
1.1
0.4
0.4
93.1
95.6
89.3
86.2
87.7
79.1
79.6
85.3
75.3
77.9
177.5
177.9
158.1
155.6
162.8
150.3
150.9
155.9
150.5
144.6
117.4
124.4
118.6
114.1
124.3
118.8
109.0
113.0
113.2
118.9
58.8
64.3
54.3
60.4
61.2
62.2
58.5
65.4
64.8
69.1
30.9
24.8
26.1
22.1
25.4
23.3
24.2
25.2
24.1
25.5
9.1
8.4
8.5
8.1
6.9
5.9
6.6
6.6
6.9
7.3
0.4
0.6
1.1
0.2
0.5
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.2
0.6
2.43
2.47
2.27
2.23
2.34
2.20
2.14
2.26
2.17
2.21
22.5
22.6
22.8
22.9
23.0
23.3
23.5
23.7
24.0
24.2
1990
0.6
76.9
136.7
119.1
72.8
27.8
5.5
0.5
2.19
24.6
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
..
..
..
..
..
0.6
1.5
0.8
0.6
..
..
..
..
..
79.1
82.5
75.0
72.4
..
..
..
..
..
161.9
159.1
144.4
152.0
..
..
..
..
..
10.9
11.6
12.0
12.7
..
..
..
..
..
1.0
0.7
0.6
0.9
..
..
..
..
..
2.70
2.77
2.56
2.69
..
..
..
..
..
25.1
25.3
25.6
25.9
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.5
0.7
0.8
0.7
30–34
35–39
45+(5)
Total fertility
rate(6)
40–44
De facto population concept
Resident population concept
R
R
R
R
R
72.3
69.1
61.0
63.8
67.8
66.5
69.0
R
R
R
R
R
154.2
151.8
143.8
149.9
152.1
143.9
148.6
..
..
..
..
..
147.8
149.2
139.0
145.8
R
R
R
R
R
137.2
137.5
130.4
136.5
140.2
142.5
142.1
..
..
..
..
..
94.0
101.3
95.7
104.2
R
R
R
R
R
102.3
101.3
98.2
98.2
105.8
107.6
108.6
..
..
..
..
..
45.8
49.9
46.8
50.1
R
R
R
R
R
51.5
51.6
49.4
51.9
55.5
55.9
60.3
R
R
R
R
R
12.8
13.1
13.5
15.4
14.1
13.9
16.2
R
R
R
R
R
0.2
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.0
R
R
R
R
R
2.66
2.64
2.50
2.60
2.70
2.67
2.74
R
R
R
R
R
25.9
26.0
26.2
26.1
26.0
26.0
25.9
(1) Per 1,000 mean estimated female population in each age group.
(2) Mäori fertility rates are based on the ethnicity of the child for the de facto population and on the ethnicity of the mother for the resident
population.
(3) From 1 September 1995, a new ethnicity question was asked on the birth registration form. This new question (based on the concept of
self-identification), collects more Mäori births than the previous degree-of-blood question. As a result, any change in patterns may
reflect definitional changes rather than an actual change in fertility.
(4) Per 1,000 mean estimated female population aged 10–14 years.
(5) Per 1,000 mean estimated female population aged 45–49 years.
(6) The average number of live births that a woman would have during her life if she experienced the age-specific fertility rates of a given
period (usually a year). It excludes the effect of mortality.
Note:
(a) Rates from 1991 onwards are based on live births registered in New Zealand to mothers resident in New Zealand by date of registration,
and the mean estimated resident population. Before 1991, rates are based on live births registered in New Zealand to mothers resident
in New Zealand and mothers visiting from overseas by date of registration and the mean estimated de facto population.
(b) Rates for 1998 are lower than expected because of a small change to the rate at which births were registered during 1998.
55
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 2.16
Age-specific Nuptial and Ex-nuptial Fertility Rates
1962–2006
(A) Nuptial fertility rates(1)
December
year
Age of mother (years)
20–24
16–19
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45+(2)
De facto population concept
1962
1966
546.8
528.1
408.2
319.5
285.0
226.6
160.4
115.8
78.4
58.1
25.1
17.9
2.1
1.5
1971
1972
1973
1974
464.7
493.6
478.3
468.2
289.1
281.0
269.7
264.0
214.3
203.1
192.9
183.1
103.5
94.4
85.8
77.6
41.3
39.3
33.5
30.5
12.4
10.9
9.3
7.3
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.5
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
434.3
396.4
357.1
324.2
320.7
245.0
240.4
231.8
215.8
213.8
174.5
169.9
169.8
161.5
172.4
71.6
70.9
72.4
70.1
73.1
24.7
22.6
21.7
21.1
21.4
6.9
5.9
5.9
5.0
4.6
0.6
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.4
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
306.8
302.3
278.9
279.1
263.9
208.4
204.8
197.4
194.6
191.6
166.8
168.1
168.9
170.6
179.8
71.3
73.4
75.1
78.1
83.2
20.7
20.2
21.3
21.0
22.4
4.2
4.1
4.1
3.9
4.0
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.4
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
260.0
257.2
283.6
257.5
255.6
196.3
197.5
203.4
205.5
200.2
182.0
181.5
185.9
190.3
192.2
86.5
94.0
101.8
109.7
111.3
23.1
25.0
27.5
31.2
32.4
3.7
4.0
4.2
4.7
4.9
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.4
1990
318.1
206.8
193.6
119.6
36.8
5.1
0.3
Resident population concept
1991
1992
1993
1994
290.2
253.3
278.5
240.2
191.2
188.8
185.3
184.1
184.7
181.8
181.4
176.4
118.5
120.9
122.5
121.7
38.4
40.2
41.0
42.8
5.4
5.7
5.8
6.7
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
255.7
265.2
262.0
261.5
236.3
178.7
182.5
176.0
171.1
186.9
173.6
170.6
168.4
162.2
171.2
123.3
122.5
129.5
129.0
137.2
44.2
45.5
49.1
49.4
52.7
6.6
7.3
8.3
7.9
8.9
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.4
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
252.7
224.6
209.3
205.3
204.9
2005
2006
178.7 R
168.8
R
R
R
R
192.4
192.0
180.1
172.6
183.5
R
R
R
R
176.4 R
175.0
177.3
180.9
169.8
176.4
174.8
R
R
R
R
171.2 R
168.1
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
56
139.9
139.8
139.0
142.6
150.5
R
R
R
R
151.3 R
154.0
54.2
56.6
58.2
62.5
64.2
R
R
R
R
66.9 R
67.2
9.0
9.6
10.0
11.1
11.2
R
R
R
R
11.1 R
11.1
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.5
R
R
R
R
0.7 R
0.6
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 2.16 continued
Age-specific Nuptial and Ex-nuptial Fertility Rates
1962–2006
(B) Ex-nuptial fertility rates(3)
December
year
Age of mother (years)
(4)
Under 15
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45+(2)
De facto population concept
1962
1966
0.2
0.4
17.4
25.6
55.7
64.2
85.5
84.8
73.7
70.3
41.5
39.6
11.5
11.7
1.0
0.9
1971
1972
1973
1974
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
30.9
33.1
32.1
31.8
75.0
69.3
60.5
56.6
101.2
92.4
79.8
72.2
85.9
72.5
64.9
61.4
41.6
43.6
38.1
28.0
10.5
11.4
8.6
8.8
0.7
0.6
0.2
0.4
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
30.5
29.7
30.5
29.8
28.8
51.7
51.3
53.9
52.5
56.8
70.2
65.3
69.6
65.4
74.4
54.6
53.0
50.5
46.9
49.8
28.7
25.8
24.4
23.1
26.0
7.4
8.0
7.8
6.1
6.4
0.5
0.6
0.1
0.4
0.5
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
27.5
28.5
26.8
25.9
25.1
56.4
57.5
53.5
55.1
55.3
69.2
70.3
67.7
64.8
65.6
47.8
48.1
45.2
45.7
47.3
25.4
20.5
20.7
19.0
18.7
5.6
6.4
4.9
5.2
5.4
0.5
0.3
0.6
0.2
0.3
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
25.9
26.3
27.8
28.6
30.7
54.3
60.1
63.7
68.0
70.2
62.3
66.7
70.2
78.0
84.4
47.0
52.7
54.2
59.7
64.9
18.9
19.5
25.1
29.6
30.2
4.4
3.9
4.9
6.1
6.5
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
1990
0.3
31.6
71.7
85.8
69.6
36.5
6.4
0.3
Resident population concept
1991
1992
1993
1994
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
31.1
30.8
29.9
29.7
69.2
67.1
67.6
63.5
83.6
81.1
81.3
78.7
68.5
73.2
72.7
71.8
36.2
35.7
38.0
37.0
7.8
8.3
8.4
7.7
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.7
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2
31.7
31.4
31.2
27.6
27.5
65.9
64.6
64.3
61.5
62.6
77.7
76.4
75.4
73.2
77.0
71.4
72.6
69.9
70.7
73.5
41.5
42.2
42.8
44.8
46.9
9.2
10.3
10.3
10.5
11.8
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.7
0.5
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
2005
2006
0.2 R
0.2
R
R
R
R
26.7
26.1
24.3
24.7
25.9
R
R
R
R
26.2 R
27.2
62.9
62.1
57.1
56.7
57.8
R
R
R
R
55.8 R
59.8
73.3
73.1
68.2
69.4
71.5
R
R
R
R
70.1 R
73.1
73.8
72.6
70.5
72.7
75.4
R
R
R
R
74.4 R
77.5
48.7
47.7
47.6
51.2
52.5
R
R
R
R
53.8 R
57.2
13.3
12.4
13.8
14.5
14.5
R
R
R
R
14.0 R
15.1
0.5
0.8
0.6
0.8
0.8
R
R
R
R
0.5 R
0.8
(1) Nuptial births per 1,000 mean estimated married female population, in each age group (excludes the estimated number of women in a civil
union).
(2) Per 1,000 mean estimated female population, married/not-married respectively, aged 45–49 years.
(3) Ex-nuptial births per 1,000 mean estimated not-married female population, in each age group (excludes the estimated number of women in
a civil union).
(4) Per 1,000 mean estimated female population aged 10–14 years.
Note:
(a) Rates from 1991 onwards are based on live births registered in New Zealand to mothers resident in New Zealand by date of registration and the
mean estimated resident population. Before 1991, rates are based on live births registered in New Zealand to mothers resident in New Zealand
and mothers visiting from overseas by date of registration and the mean estimated de facto population.
(b) Rates for 1998 are lower than expected because of a small change to the rate at which births were registered during 1998.
57
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 2.17
Cumulative Fertility Rates(1)
By selected ages
Cohorts of women born 1905–1986
Year of birth
Exact age (years)
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1905
0.11205
0.71749
1.43562
1.98544
2.34756
2.49242
2.50409
1910
1915
0.11496
0.11601
0.65275
0.68781
1.37635
1.57519
2.04323
2.35505
2.49732
2.75779
2.62528
2.87740
2.63547
2.88708
1920
1925
0.12791
0.12244
0.77948
1.00757
1.86586
2.15138
2.64598
2.92093
3.05798
3.30764
3.17354
3.39303
3.18060
3.39740
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
0.15587
0.16853
0.17734
0.18241
0.18924
0.20108
0.21493
0.22113
0.22653
0.22995
1.19878
1.26005
1.28871
1.35504
1.41322
1.48756
1.51232
1.54160
1.57072
1.55438
2.44406
2.55310
2.56170
2.66973
2.71878
2.77284
2.75179
2.69697
2.66638
2.60630
3.20054
3.29309
3.23469
3.30060
3.28855
3.31438
3.28248
3.20748
3.16560
3.09411
3.47630
3.55661
3.46661
3.52882
3.49716
3.50609
3.46445
3.36230
3.30089
3.21650
3.53083
3.60964
3.51294
3.56719
3.53111
3.53839
3.49243
3.38937
3.32253
3.23870
3.53350
3.61229
3.51469
3.56911
3.53295
3.54073
3.49370
3.39110
3.32429
3.23988
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
0.24055
0.24286
0.24922
0.27274
0.30246
0.29110
0.27938
0.30039
0.31205
0.31632
1.51149
1.47112
1.41554
1.38293
1.44792
1.37740
1.29438
1.34906
1.33263
1.30272
2.53411
2.50820
2.44093
2.35545
2.43421
2.30624
2.13199
2.17353
2.13409
2.08721
2.98505
2.92917
2.82729
2.72315
2.77488
2.63702
2.44694
2.50777
2.46175
2.43493
3.09743
3.03318
2.92673
2.82870
2.88036
2.73583
2.54120
2.60814
2.56821
2.55389
3.11714
3.05128
2.94724
2.84921
2.90052
2.75528
2.56040
2.63171
2.59147
2.58081
3.11850
3.05247
2.94902
2.85079
2.90218
2.75666
2.56190
2.63290
2.59329
2.58281
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
0.32265
0.32591
0.32877
0.33299
0.32618
0.31258
0.29604
0.28005
0.25523
0.24685
1.28181
1.22919
1.18568
1.13644
1.07146
1.02410
0.98230
0.94079
0.85546
0.82717
2.04581
1.97397
1.92358
1.88755
1.81864
1.74056
1.71581
1.65571
1.55882
1.55032
2.39134
2.33206
2.30812
2.29214
2.25251
2.17274
2.18658
2.14312
2.05765
2.08077
2.51852
2.47110
2.46343
2.46728
2.43451
2.36387
2.38429
2.35020
2.26942
2.30219
2.54873
2.50104
2.49727
2.50319
2.47096
2.40374
2.42567
2.39168
2.31395
2.34968
2.55051
2.50359
2.49899
2.50539
2.47304
2.40599
2.42844
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
0.22295
0.21758
0.20443
0.18453
0.17161
0.16539
0.16072
0.15834
0.15978
0.15849
0.79623
0.78894
0.73269
0.70957
0.67624
0.68061
0.67685
0.65973
0.65834
0.63033
1.54202
1.56105
1.46768
1.41672
1.37369
1.37651
1.34864
1.30434
1.28270
1.23119
2.09079
2.10375
2.01273
1.95934
1.92474
1.94837
1.94871
1.89424
1.85797
1.81340
2.32134
2.35144
2.26972
2.23120
2.20662
2.23845
2.23936
2.37255
2.40959
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
0.16595
0.16604
0.16717
0.16284
0.15721
0.15681
0.15868
0.16495
0.16653
0.16934
0.62009
0.59536
0.58033
0.55827
0.54717
0.53610
0.53992
0.55743
0.55333
0.55064
1.18950
1.16491
1.13282
1.10179
1.08002
1.04917
1.04781
1.75995
1.75008
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
0.16196
0.15108
0.14442
0.12805
0.12742
0.12932
0.13719
0.52836
0.49906
(1) The average number of live births that a woman born in a particular year has had by the time she reaches a particular age.
Note: Cumulative fertility rates are based on live births by date of occurrence.
58
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 2.18
Ages by which 25, 50 and 75 Percent of Childbearing
Has Been Completed
By women born 1905–1973
Quartile
Year of birth
25 percent
(Q1)
50 percent
(Q2)
75 percent
(Q3)
Inter-quartile range
(Q3-Q1)
Age (years)
1905
24.40
28.63
33.89
9.49
1910
25.04
29.61
34.44
9.40
1915
25.18
29.19
33.56
8.38
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
25.08
24.96
24.81
24.68
24.50
28.67
28.52
28.32
28.22
28.07
33.03
32.96
32.74
32.62
32.51
7.95
8.00
7.92
7.94
8.01
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
24.33
24.19
24.06
24.01
23.84
27.86
27.73
27.57
27.47
27.27
32.25
32.00
31.78
31.58
31.27
7.92
7.81
7.73
7.57
7.42
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
23.80
23.70
23.52
23.43
23.22
27.13
26.97
26.69
26.45
26.19
31.03
30.75
30.39
30.04
29.66
7.23
7.06
6.87
6.61
6.44
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
23.08
22.96
22.79
22.65
22.54
25.93
25.75
25.51
25.32
25.24
29.40
29.26
29.08
28.96
28.92
6.33
6.30
6.30
6.31
6.38
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
22.40
22.36
22.34
22.22
22.12
25.19
25.22
25.24
25.18
25.01
28.80
28.71
28.60
28.57
28.30
6.40
6.36
6.26
6.35
6.17
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
22.12
22.10
22.00
21.91
21.92
25.00
24.94
24.86
24.84
24.95
28.28
28.29
28.42
28.47
28.75
6.17
6.19
6.42
6.56
6.82
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
21.80
21.77
21.86
21.94
22.11
24.97
25.13
25.38
25.69
25.99
28.91
29.20
29.59
29.93
30.33
7.11
7.44
7.73
7.99
8.21
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
22.23
22.51
22.69
22.94
23.18
23.46
23.63
23.84
24.00
24.16
24.22
24.23
24.24
24.18
24.32
24.27
24.49
24.63
24.85
26.12
26.49
26.71
27.12
27.36
27.64
27.76
27.97
28.11
28.32
28.35
28.54
28.70
28.73
29.02
29.11
29.41
29.63
29.90
30.60
30.89
31.16
31.53
31.68
31.80
31.92
32.24
32.49
32.73
32.76
32.93
33.18
33.31
33.58
33.70
33.93
34.23
34.42
8.37
8.38
8.47
8.60
8.50
8.34
8.29
8.40
8.49
8.57
8.54
8.71
8.94
9.13
9.26
9.43
9.44
9.61
9.56
Note: The 75 percent quartile for 1956–1973 birth cohorts is based on assumed reproductive
experiences at selected ages beyond 33 years.
59
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 2.19
Live Births by Regional Council Area
1993–2006
Regional council area
Northland region
Auckland region
December year
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2,456
2,272
2,422
2,240
2,213
2,177
2,157
2,123
1,994
1,919
2,024
2,069
2,069
2,244
18,395 18,052 18,402 18,958 19,027 18,455 19,286 19,673 19,406 19,327 20,112 20,956 20,747 21,331
Waikato region
5,967
5,829
5,877
5,551
5,920
5,523
5,843
5,386
5,501
5,229
5,440
5,583
5,666
5,590
Bay of Plenty region
3,808
3,645
3,682
3,746
4,000
3,712
3,833
3,690
3,615
3,536
3,620
3,833
3,771
3,842
981
951
906
871
836
753
771
773
766
759
703
751
778
720
2,451
2,401
2,365
2,424
2,313
2,118
2,164
2,176
2,143
2,058
2,079
2,164
2,115
2,164
Gisborne region
Hawke's Bay region
Taranaki region
1,741
1,676
1,617
1,537
1,500
1,538
1,496
1,426
1,367
1,308
1,373
1,319
1,410
1,453
Manawatu-Wanganui region
3,827
3,730
3,694
3,579
3,531
3,235
3,218
3,308
3,071
2,905
2,914
2,918
3,095
3,165
Wellington region
6,759
6,659
6,541
6,450
6,349
6,432
6,566
6,449
6,482
5,985
6,384
6,327
6,226
6,442
Tasman region
509
520
499
464
490
489
504
526
502
508
536
557
513
549
Nelson region
526
563
507
543
515
527
519
546
545
519
528
579
519
523
Marlborough region
524
491
543
469
539
427
471
472
441
415
459
479
473
484
West Coast region
524
484
471
491
428
403
403
361
396
330
334
399
338
390
Canterbury region
6,221
6,196
6,341
6,249
6,333
5,892
6,196
6,177
6,243
5,900
6,258
6,631
6,605
6,777
Otago region
2,476
2,415
2,366
2,314
2,251
2,110
2,146
2,145
2,065
2,072
2,044
2,173
2,152
2,150
Southland region
1,595
1,419
1,422
1,378
1,341
1,252
1,252
1,270
1,189
1,194
1,229
1,258
1,211
1,233
22
18
16
16
18
306
228
104
73
57
97
77
57
136
Region not specified/
area outside region
New Zealand
58,782 57,321 57,671 57,280 57,604 55,349 57,053 56,605 55,799 54,021 56,134 58,073 57,745 59,193
Note:
(a) Birth data are based on live births registered in New Zealand to mothers resident in New Zealand by date of registration.
(b) Registered births for 1998 are lower than expected, because of a small change to the rate at which births were registered during 1998.
60
Demographic Trends: 2007
3 Marriage, civil union and divorce
•
There were 21,461 marriages registered in New Zealand during the December
2006 year.
•
The 2006 figure is 21 percent lower than the peak of 27,199 registered marriages
in 1971.
•
The general marriage rate was 13.9 marriages per 1,000 not-married population
aged 16 years and over in 2006, compared with 16.5 per 1,000 a decade earlier
in 1996.
•
The median ages of men and women marrying for the first time in 2006 were
30.0 and 28.2 years, respectively.
•
Just over one-third (7,342) of all marriages registered in 2006 were remarriages of
one or both partners.
•
January, February and March continue to be the most popular months in which
people marry – 40 percent of marriages were celebrated in the first three months
of 2006.
•
There were 10,065 orders for dissolution of marriage granted in New Zealand during
the December 2006 year.
•
The divorce rate in 2006 was 11.9 divorces per 1,000 estimated existing marriages.
•
Half the marriages dissolved in 2006 had lasted 13.3 years or longer, compared with
the median duration of 12.6 years for marriages dissolved in 1996.
•
Less than half (44 percent) of all marriages dissolved in 2006 involved people with
children aged under 17 years.
•
Analysis of divorce statistics by year of marriage shows that about one-third of
New Zealanders who married in 1981 had divorced before their silver wedding
anniversary (25 years).
Figure 3.01
Marriage and Divorce Rates
1961–2006
50
Per 1,000
General marriage rate
40
(1)
Divorce rate (2)
30
20
10
0
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
December year
(1) Marriages registered in New Zealand per 1,000 mean not-married estimated population aged 16 years and over.
(2) Orders for dissolution of marriage granted in New Zealand per 1,000 estimated existing marriages.
61
97
99
01
03
05
Demographic Trends: 2007
Marriages
There were 21,461 marriages registered in New Zealand during the December 2006
year, up 991 or 5 percent from 20,470 in 2005. Over the last decade, the average
annual number of marriages has been around 20,700. This compares with an average
of 25,300 during the period 1967–1976. The 2006 figure is 21 percent lower than the
peak of 27,199 registered marriages in 1971.
The general marriage rate (marriages per 1,000 not-married population aged 16 years
and over) increased slightly from 14.7 per 1,000 to 14.9 per 1,000 during 2001–2003,
but dropped to 14.3 in 2004 and 13.6 in 2005. The general marriage rate in 2006 was
13.9 per 1,000. The drop between 2004 and 2005 resulted from a 3 percent decrease
in the number of marriages and a 2 percent increase in the estimated not-married
population aged 16 and over. The 2006 rate is less than a third of the 1971 peak of
45.5 marriages per 1,000. Many factors have contributed to the fall in the marriage rate,
including the growth in de facto unions, a general trend towards delayed marriage and
increasing numbers of New Zealanders remaining single.
Age at marriage
The trend towards later marriage is continuing. In 2006, teenage girls (under 20 years)
who married numbered 521, compared with 8,717 in 1971. Teenagers comprised
32 percent of all brides in 1971, but only 2 percent in 2006. Among partnered women
aged 15–19 years, nine out of 10 were living in a de facto union at the time of the
2006 Census.
The median age (half are younger, and half older, than this age) of men who married for
the first time in 2006 was 30.0 years. This is seven years older than the median age of
those who married for the first time in 1971. The median age of women who married
for the first time has risen by a similar margin, from 20.8 years in 1971 to 28.2 years
in 2006. Women still tend to marry men older than themselves, but the gap between
their median ages at first marriage has narrowed. In 1966, the gap was 2.6 years, but by
2006 it had narrowed to 1.8 years.
Among all marriages (first marriages and remarriages), the median age at marriage has
been rising steadily since the early 1970s, and is now higher than at any time in the
last 80 years. Median age at marriage reached historic lows of 23.5 years for men and
21.2 years for women in 1971, before rising to 32.6 years for men and 30.4 years for
women in 2006.
Remarriages
The proportion of marriages where one or both partners had previously been married
has remained stable at around 36 percent over the last decade. In 2006, the proportion
decreased to 34 percent, and the number of remarriages was 7,342. By comparison,
4,385 marriages (16 percent) involved the remarriage of one or both partners in 1971.
About 90 percent of those remarrying in 2006 were divorced, up from 89 percent in
1996 and 67 percent in 1971. This rise can be partly attributed to the increase in the
number of people who are divorced. In 1971, only 4 percent of not-married people
were divorced; at the 2006 Census, the corresponding figure was 16 percent. More
than half (58.0 percent) of divorced people who remarried in 2006 married another
divorced person.
62
Demographic Trends: 2007
De facto unions
A growing proportion of New Zealanders, like their counterparts in Australia, North
America and Europe, live together without legally formalising their union. The five-yearly
Census of Population and Dwellings is the primary source of information on de facto
unions. Marriage and civil union statistics provide information on legally registered
unions only. In 1996, about one in four men and women aged 15–44 years who were
in partnerships were not legally married. By 2006, this figure had increased to around
two in five.
Civil unions
The Civil Union Act 2005 came into force on 26 April 2005 and the first ceremonies
were celebrated on 29 April 2005. This Act introduced a new form of legal relationship.
Two people aged 18 years and over, whether of opposite or the same sex, can enter
into a civil union provided they are not currently married to or in a civil union with
someone else. People aged 16 and 17 years must have their guardian’s consent to
enter a civil union. A couple who are currently married can transfer their relationship to
a civil union. An opposite-sex couple in a civil union can transfer their relationship to a
marriage. As in the past, a same-sex couple cannot enter into a marriage.
In 2006, civil union registrations totalled 430. These comprised 348 same-sex unions
(197 male and 151 female), and 82 opposite-sex unions. Up to 31 December 2006,
there have been a total of 708 civil unions registered. Around 80 percent were samesex civil unions.
Divorces
In 2006, a total of 10,065 marriage dissolution orders were granted by the Family Court.
This is an increase of 0.9 percent on the 2005 total of 9,972. In 1981, the number of
divorces rose sharply following the passing of the Family Proceedings Act 1980, which
allowed for the dissolution of marriage on the grounds of irreconcilable difference.
Divorces recorded a temporary high of 12,395 in 1982. Subsequently, both the number
and rate of marriage dissolutions dropped, but the trend has been upward again since
the late 1980s.
The divorce rate (divorces per 1,000 existing marriages) was 11.9 in 2006, unchanged
from the 2005 rate and lower than the 2004 rate (12.8). During the early 1990s, the
rate fluctuated around 12.0 per 1,000, and around 12.5 during the late 1990s.
New Zealand’s divorce rate is comparable with Australia (13.1 in 2001) and England
and Wales (13.0 in 2005).
Annual divorce statistics do not give a complete picture of the number of marriages
ending in divorce. Analysis of divorce statistics by year of marriage shows that onethird of New Zealanders who married in 1981 had divorced before their silver wedding
anniversary (25 years). For those married in 1976 and 1971 the corresponding figures
were 30 and 29 percent, respectively.
Age at divorce
The upward trend in age at divorce is continuing. This partly reflects the marked trend
toward later marriages, which started in the early 1970s. The median age at divorce in
2006 was 44.0 years for men and 41.4 years for women. Divorcees in 2006 were, on
average, about three years older than those whose marriages dissolved a decade earlier.
The median ages in 1996 were 40.6 years for men and 37.8 years for women.
63
Demographic Trends: 2007
Revised marriage and divorce rates
Marriage and divorce rates for 2001–2006 have been revised using new 2006-based
population estimates. The revised 2006-based rates are not comparable with the
2001-based rates previously published in Demographic Trends.
Where to find additional information
Marriage, civil union and divorce information releases are available on the Statistics
New Zealand website at: www.stats.govt.nz/products-and-services/info-releases/
marriages-civil-unions-divorces-info-releases.htm
Additional tables are available on the Statistics NZ website at:
www.stats.govt.nz/tables/marriage-tables.htm
www.stats.govt.nz/tables/divorces-additional-tables.htm
www.stats.govt.nz/tables/civil-unions.htm
www.stats.govt.nz/tables/civil-unions-provisional.htm
An article, “Age Differences between Partners at the Time of Marriage: 1963, 1983 and
2003” is available in Demographic Trends 2004 or on the Statistics NZ website at:
www.stats.govt.nz/analytical-reports/dem-trends-04/article.htm
For information about marriage and divorce statistics, go to:
www2.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/omni/omni.nsf/outputs/Marriages
www2.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/omni/omni.nsf/outputs/Divorces
64
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 3.01
Marriages and Marriage Rates
1961–2006
December year
Marriages
Crude marriage rate(1)
General marriage rate(2)
De facto population concept
1961
1962
1963
1964
19,426
19,572
19,856
20,720
8.01
7.88
7.83
8.00
38.19
37.65
37.11
37.65
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
21,702
22,949
23,515
24,057
24,971
8.24
8.55
8.62
8.74
8.98
38.59
40.14
40.68
41.49
42.83
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
25,953
27,199
26,868
26,274
25,412
9.20
9.50
9.22
8.83
8.35
43.95
45.49
44.00
41.82
39.24
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
24,535
24,154
22,589
22,426
22,326
7.91
7.71
7.19
7.13
7.12
36.89
35.46
31.96
30.63
29.55
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
22,981
23,660
25,537
24,678
25,272
7.31
7.50
8.03
7.66
7.77
29.35
29.39
30.71
28.50
28.15
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
24,657
24,037
24,443
23,485
22,733
7.54
7.34
7.40
7.08
6.83
26.58
25.29
24.96
23.36
22.18
1990
23,341
6.94
22.19
Resident population concept
1991
1992
1993
1994
21,841
20,804
20,802
20,587
6.25
5.89
5.82
5.68
19.65
18.34
17.95
17.40
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
20,452
20,453
19,953
20,135
21,085
5.56
5.48
5.27
5.28
5.49
16.88
16.47
15.71
15.58
16.08
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
20,655
19,972
20,690
21,419
21,006
5.35
5.14
5.24
5.32
5.14
2005
2006
20,470
21,461
4.95 R
5.13
R
R
R
R
15.49
14.71
14.84
14.90
14.25
R
R
R
R
13.60 R
13.93
(1) Per 1,000 mean estimated population.
(2) Per 1,000 mean not-married estimated population aged 16 years and over.
Note:
(a) Marriages registered in New Zealand. Before 1999, marriage data were extracted on the basis of 'date of marriage' (ie occurrence).
From 1999 onwards, marriage data have been extracted using 'date of registration'.
(b) Marriages and marriage rates from 1991 onwards are based on marriages registered in New Zealand of bridegrooms resident in
New Zealand and the mean estimated resident population. Before 1991, marriages and marriage rates are based on marriages
registered in New Zealand of bridegrooms resident in New Zealand and bridegrooms visiting from overseas and the mean estimated
de facto population.
65
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 3.02
Age
(years)
Marriages by Previous Marital Status and Age
Year ended 31 December 2006
Brides
Bridegrooms
Bachelor
Widower
Divorcee
All bridegrooms
Spinster
Widow
Divorcee
All brides
24
53
170
272
433
622
784
945
1,105
1,138
1,170
1,146
1,083
1,021
942
892
742
674
556
426
354
298
229
190
164
128
99
116
87
64
55
43
39
48
28
11
16
16
10
11
3
8
1
6
2
2
1
2
3
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
3
2
5
3
4
1
7
3
6
4
7
12
4
12
3
8
9
13
8
20
13
19
19
11
13
10
12
15
12
9
17
16
17
17
12
13
11
9
9
13
11
13
12
12
0
0
0
2
1
5
10
14
20
29
37
40
71
63
94
106
136
161
168
182
178
200
185
171
188
178
209
168
189
183
170
189
156
162
146
102
123
94
73
74
68
55
57
45
48
25
22
22
22
14
12
11
7
4
24
53
170
274
434
628
794
959
1,125
1,167
1,210
1,188
1,159
1,087
1,040
999
885
838
730
612
539
510
418
373
355
314
317
297
284
267
238
251
214
221
187
123
151
125
95
94
88
79
75
68
62
40
34
33
34
29
24
25
19
16
Single year of age
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
5
11
64
111
194
337
495
635
864
993
1,033
1,085
1,027
1,130
979
977
830
727
693
589
499
439
372
320
295
204
184
139
127
90
86
72
50
52
48
28
16
28
15
15
16
8
9
12
4
4
5
5
2
7
4
4
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
2
3
3
3
6
2
1
4
3
7
7
8
4
8
6
8
6
11
7
14
12
7
9
16
20
11
17
17
21
16
10
21
25
17
12
15
9
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
6
12
10
15
30
32
40
54
72
83
98
135
137
153
161
159
161
170
167
190
198
204
213
198
181
180
181
162
163
151
145
127
114
118
104
101
107
82
68
43
40
42
35
34
23
18
18
5
11
64
111
194
338
496
641
876
1,003
1,049
1,115
1,059
1,171
1,033
1,050
914
827
831
729
655
606
533
482
469
374
381
344
339
307
292
259
238
239
221
198
181
185
149
138
150
132
121
136
103
93
64
55
65
67
55
39
34
29
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
66
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 3.02 continued
Marriages by Previous Marital Status and Age
Year ended 31 December 2006
Age
(years)
Bridegrooms
Bachelor
Widower
Brides
Divorcee
All bridegrooms
Spinster
Widow
Divorcee
All brides
Single year of age
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90+
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
11
10
15
11
10
17
12
6
6
8
5
6
3
4
3
2
1
0
1
2
0
8
12
10
6
4
4
12
5
1
1
4
2
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
23
26
17
14
22
24
11
8
10
9
8
3
4
5
3
1
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
12
7
11
6
6
0
1
2
4
4
3
0
2
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
4
5
4
2
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
17
11
13
6
8
1
1
2
5
4
3
0
2
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
Age group
16–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80–84
85–89
90+
All ages
191
2,525
5,268
4,206
2,219
949
350
135
60
20
18
3
3
0
1
0
0
0
2
7
15
29
32
51
73
85
78
57
49
21
6
0
0
20
127
442
771
929
953
748
544
275
128
40
23
8
0
0
191
2,545
5,397
4,655
3,005
1,907
1,335
934
677
380
224
100
75
29
7
0
519
3,889
5,558
3,806
1,497
594
249
81
29
10
4
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
13
21
39
41
82
62
76
54
61
41
13
11
1
0
2
50
240
665
916
932
860
538
299
139
48
15
2
1
0
0
521
3,940
5,811
4,492
2,452
1,567
1,191
681
404
203
113
56
17
12
1
0
15,948
505
5,008
21,461
16,238
516
4,707
21,461
Note: Marriages registered in New Zealand of bridegrooms resident in New Zealand by date of registration.
67
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 3.03
Age group
(years)
Age-specific Marriage Rates(1)
1966–2006
1966
1971
1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001
2006
Male
16–19
18.5
24.0
12.6
6.6
2.8
1.9
1.5
1.8
1.6 R
20–24
175.1
202.3
140.9
95.3
63.8
41.1
27.2
23.1
19.8 R
25–29
218.1
238.4
191.6
156.5
120.2
92.7
69.4
63.4
61.2 R
30–34
124.9
146.6
150.0
130.9
109.0
90.0
69.0
68.7
69.0 R
35–39
74.7
91.2
105.7
106.2
92.8
67.7
60.0
50.5
54.1 R
40–44
56.5
63.3
75.0
84.0
75.7
59.3
48.7
39.7
39.2 R
45–49
50+
48.5
54.1
59.1
60.0
62.2
55.9
44.3
35.2
33.4 R
21.9
25.8
25.2
24.5
23.7
20.1
19.2
18.5
18.2 R
16+
81.3
94.6
74.4
62.2
53.8
43.4
36.4
33.3
32.0 R
Female
16–19
83.4
95.5
61.5
33.8
16.2
9.0
6.4
5.8
4.5 R
20–24
295.2
317.0
225.3
160.4
114.0
74.4
47.0
37.6
32.1 R
25–29
201.0
214.8
197.7
158.8
129.3
102.4
80.8
73.8
70.3 R
30–34
110.2
124.0
136.5
114.9
91.6
79.3
66.7
64.6
68.4 R
35–39
75.1
75.1
92.3
85.3
72.0
57.6
49.6
41.4
43.9 R
40–44
55.1
56.5
64.3
62.0
56.4
46.0
34.0
32.3
30.9 R
45–49
50+
38.9
42.2
43.9
45.5
46.2
34.8
31.8
25.4
27.4 R
6.5
7.4
6.6
6.1
5.8
4.9
5.2
5.6
6.1 R
16+
78.9
89.0
69.7
57.6
49.2
38.8
32.2
28.7
27.7 R
(1) Marriages in each age group per 1,000 not-married census usually resident population count in that age group.
Note:
(a) Marriages registered in New Zealand. Before 1999, marriage data were extracted on the basis of 'date of marriage'
(ie occurrence). From 1999 onwards, marriage data have been extracted using 'date of registration'.
(b) Rates from 1991 onwards are based on marriages registered in New Zealand of bridegrooms resident in New Zealand.
Before 1991, rates are based on marriages registered in New Zealand of bridegrooms resident in New Zealand and
bridegrooms visiting from overseas.
(c) Rates for 1966 are based on the census night population counts. Rates from 1971 onwards are based on the census
usually resident population counts.
68
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 3.04
Age group
(years)
Age-specific First Marriage Rates(1)
1966–2006
1966
1971
1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001
2006
Male
16–19
18.5
24.0
12.6
6.6
2.8
1.9
1.5
1.8
1.6 R
20–24
174.9
201.9
140.2
95.1
63.7
41.1
27.1
23.0
19.7 R
25–29
214.9
226.5
177.5
147.6
115.7
90.5
68.0
62.1
60.6 R
30–34
110.3
116.8
103.9
98.0
89.2
78.6
62.9
63.7
66.5 R
35–39
56.0
55.4
54.5
51.0
48.2
45.9
43.6
39.5
47.4 R
40–44
35.1
31.0
30.5
25.6
24.8
24.3
23.5
24.0
27.3 R
45–49
50+
20.2
20.3
18.3
15.0
12.7
14.3
15.1
14.1
15.4 R
7.8
6.2
7.4
5.9
4.8
5.4
4.0
5.1
6.2 R
16+
84.3
96.3
71.1
57.3
48.4
39.5
32.7
30.5
30.2 R
Female
16–19
83.3
95.4
61.5
33.8
16.2
9.0
6.4
5.8
4.5 R
20–24
294.2
314.1
221.6
158.7
112.8
73.9
46.6
37.1
31.8 R
25–29
187.5
192.5
169.8
140.9
119.7
95.6
77.1
72.0
69.2 R
30–34
82.7
89.5
89.5
76.5
67.6
65.0
56.2
57.9
65.0 R
35–39
46.5
43.0
45.6
38.8
42.1
36.1
35.2
30.2
35.7 R
40–44
28.4
23.6
24.4
20.9
22.2
18.6
16.4
18.3
20.0 R
45–49
50+
17.8
15.0
14.6
18.1
11.6
11.6
10.5
10.7
13.2 R
4.3
4.2
3.1
2.7
2.9
2.2
1.8
2.6
3.9 R
113.0
129.0
95.4
75.9
61.5
47.3
37.9
34.3
33.2 R
16+
(1) First marriages in each age group per 1,000 never-married census usually resident population count in that age group.
Note:
(a) Marriages registered in New Zealand. Before 1999, marriage data were extracted on the basis of 'date of marriage' (ie occurrence).
From 1999 onwards, marriage data have been extracted using 'date of registration'.
(b) Rates from 1991 onwards are based on marriages registered in New Zealand of bridegrooms resident in New Zealand. Before 1991,
rates are based on marriages registered in New Zealand of bridegrooms resident in New Zealand and bridegrooms visiting from
overseas.
(c) Rates for 1966 are based on the census night population counts. Rates from 1971 onwards are based on the census usually
resident population counts.
69
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 3.05
Median Age at Marriage
By previous marital status
1935–2006
December
year
Bridegroom
Bachelor
Widower
Bride
Divorcee
All bridegrooms
Spinster
Widow
Divorcee
All brides
De facto population concept
1935
1940
1945
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
27.0
26.5
26.9
25.5
25.3
24.6
23.8
23.1
23.4
50.4
50.5
53.3
56.1
56.0
57.6
58.8
58.9
58.3
39.4
39.7
38.3
38.4
40.4
40.1
41.1
39.0
36.9
27.6
27.0
27.8
26.4
26.0
25.2
24.2
23.6
24.2
24.0
23.6
23.7
22.6
22.2
21.5
21.1
20.9
21.0
43.9
44.5
40.5
46.3
47.3
49.1
51.3
51.4
52.5
35.1
34.5
34.1
34.3
35.2
36.7
36.0
34.3
33.0
24.5
24.0
24.4
23.2
22.7
21.9
21.5
21.3
21.6
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
24.0
24.2
24.5
24.8
25.0
25.3
25.5
25.9
26.2
26.4
26.8
59.5
59.6
59.8
59.8
59.9
61.0
60.3
61.0
61.1
61.7
60.5
36.8
37.5
37.5
37.5
38.0
38.3
38.9
39.3
39.4
39.7
40.3
25.2
25.6
26.2
26.5
26.8
26.9
27.3
27.6
27.9
28.2
28.6
21.7
21.9
22.2
22.6
22.8
23.1
23.4
23.7
24.0
24.2
24.5
53.6
53.2
53.3
53.1
53.8
53.7
53.8
52.7
53.4
53.3
53.1
33.6
34.0
34.4
34.5
34.7
34.9
35.5
36.0
35.9
36.5
36.5
22.6
23.0
23.6
23.9
24.2
24.4
24.8
25.2
25.5
25.8
26.2
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
26.9
27.0
27.3
27.5
27.8
28.1
28.3
28.7
28.9
29.2
29.3
29.4
29.5
29.9
30.1
30.0
61.4
61.8
61.2
61.1
61.4
61.4
61.1
62.6
61.1
60.6
60.9
62.6
60.8
62.0
61.7
62.3
40.8
41.1
41.2
41.8
42.0
42.1
43.1
42.5
43.0
43.4
43.5
44.2
44.8
45.2
45.7
46.0
52.6
52.8
53.8
54.4
53.1
52.8
54.6
53.0
54.6
53.9
53.8
53.8
54.7
54.5
55.4
54.9
36.7
37.1
37.9
37.9
38.3
38.2
39.1
38.9
39.4
39.8
40.2
40.3
40.9
41.7
42.2
42.5
26.5
26.7
27.0
27.3
27.7
28.0
28.4
28.6
28.8
29.3
29.5
29.7
29.8
30.2
30.4
30.4
Resident population concept
28.8
29.1
29.4
29.7
30.1
30.4
30.7
30.8
31.0
31.5
31.6
31.8
31.9
32.3
32.5
32.6
24.6
24.9
25.2
25.5
25.8
26.1
26.5
26.7
27.0
27.4
27.5
27.6
27.7
28.1
28.1
28.2
Note:
(a) Marriages registered in New Zealand. Before 1999, marriage data were extracted on the basis of 'date of marriage' (ie occurrence).
From 1999 onwards, marriage data have been extracted using 'date of registration'.
(b) Marriages from 1991 onwards are based on marriages registered in New Zealand of bridegrooms resident in New Zealand. Before
1991, marriages are based on marriages registered in New Zealand of bridegrooms resident in New Zealand and bridegrooms visiting
from overseas.
(c) Marriages before 1952, where both parties were Mäori, are excluded.
70
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 3.06
Males and Females Never Married
By age group
1966–2006 Censuses of Population and Dwellings
Age group
(years)
1966
1971
1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001
2006
Male (percent)
16–19
98.3
97.7
98.1
99.2
99.2
99.5
99.7
99.4
99.5
20–24
68.4
62.6
63.5
76.1
84.2
90.3
93.3
94.4
94.9
25–29
26.7
21.9
22.8
30.6
44.3
55.6
66.3
72.1
74.2
30–34
14.4
11.7
11.0
13.5
19.9
28.4
37.8
46.1
48.3
35–39
11.4
9.3
8.1
8.7
10.8
15.1
21.6
28.9
32.7
40–44
9.9
8.9
7.6
7.3
7.8
9.2
12.9
18.3
23.1
45–49
8.8
8.4
7.9
7.3
6.9
7.2
8.5
11.8
15.9
50–54
8.5
7.7
7.7
7.6
6.9
6.5
6.8
8.1
10.8
55–59
8.2
7.6
7.1
7.5
7.2
6.6
6.0
6.4
7.5
60–64
8.2
7.4
7.1
6.8
7.1
6.9
6.3
5.7
5.9
65+
8.4
7.4
6.8
6.6
6.2
6.1
6.0
5.5
5.1
16+
28.1
26.8
27.1
29.4
31.5
33.4
34.1
34.5
35.5
Female (percent)
16–19
90.3
89.1
89.9
95.4
97.7
98.6
99.1
99.0
99.1
20–24
38.9
35.3
37.1
52.3
65.7
77.6
85.3
88.7
90.0
25–29
11.8
10.7
11.6
16.9
28.4
39.2
51.4
60.3
64.2
30–34
6.9
5.9
6.1
7.8
12.4
19.6
27.7
35.8
40.2
35–39
6.0
5.0
4.6
5.2
6.7
10.1
15.9
22.0
26.5
40–44
6.2
5.0
4.4
4.4
5.0
6.1
9.2
13.9
18.2
45–49
6.7
5.5
4.7
4.3
4.3
4.8
5.9
8.6
12.6
50–54
7.7
6.2
5.2
4.6
4.3
4.3
4.7
5.6
8.0
55–59
9.3
7.3
5.9
5.2
4.6
4.3
4.1
4.5
5.4
60–64
10.3
8.9
7.1
5.9
5.2
4.6
4.3
3.9
4.3
65+
11.8
10.7
9.9
8.7
7.5
6.5
5.8
4.8
4.1
16+
20.8
19.6
19.8
21.8
24.3
26.7
28.2
29.0
30.5
Note: Figures for 1966 are based on the census night population counts. Figures from 1971 onwards are based on the
census usually resident population counts.
71
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 3.07
Marriages by Previous Marital Status
1953–2006
December
year
Between bachelors and
Spinsters
Widows
Between widowers and
Divorced
women
Spinsters
Widows
Divorced
women
Between divorced men and
Spinsters
Widows
Divorced
women
All
marriages(1)
De facto population concept
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
14,211
14,469
14,892
14,607
14,661
15,191
15,228
290
284
292
264
291
273
303
672
717
674
642
682
734
733
329
354
305
339
316
310
300
339
330
321
335
354
346
329
170
170
177
163
167
154
182
720
716
622
634
648
725
678
126
142
135
153
153
170
160
367
375
377
394
342
402
402
17,224
17,557
17,795
17,531
17,614
18,305
18,315
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
15,782
16,404
16,615
16,882
17,587
18,586
19,751
20,351
20,764
21,142
298
306
257
255
251
272
290
242
248
270
693
658
657
659
713
673
649
637
663
756
293
290
271
262
253
232
251
257
251
231
426
400
346
348
376
370
434
408
413
498
196
167
164
164
184
164
202
191
241
252
687
652
660
653
742
762
693
761
796
966
140
175
161
197
165
202
197
212
186
255
394
374
441
436
449
441
482
456
495
601
18,909
19,426
19,572
19,856
20,720
21,702
22,949
23,515
24,057
24,971
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
21,826
22,814
22,310
21,426
20,346
19,338
18,470
16,875
16,607
16,379
261
255
263
253
250
250
256
195
215
190
916
945
1,034
1,089
1,109
1,275
1,335
1,259
1,384
1,340
261
248
218
244
223
178
188
188
153
165
514
502
529
526
495
436
454
502
408
432
227
250
270
250
254
276
299
293
281
247
1,023
1,133
1,133
1,300
1,393
1,449
1,579
1,598
1,623
1,648
260
292
289
260
290
272
311
339
296
306
665
760
822
926
1,052
1,061
1,262
1,340
1,459
1,619
25,953
27,199
26,868
26,274
25,412
24,535
24,154
22,589
22,426
22,326
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
16,823
16,743
16,833
16,450
16,746
16,537
16,000
16,312
15,757
15,200
181
188
186
175
150
161
158
138
146
143
1,396
1,584
1,889
1,861
1,928
1,884
1,815
1,831
1,804
1,737
157
166
138
115
135
119
133
142
130
132
411
423
411
396
391
349
362
346
353
323
283
292
338
338
306
312
316
287
274
257
1,716
1,926
2,441
2,270
2,324
2,289
2,228
2,312
2,204
2,220
284
334
425
355
378
342
356
342
302
302
1,730
2,004
2,876
2,718
2,914
2,664
2,669
2,733
2,515
2,419
22,981
23,660
25,537
24,678
25,272
24,657
24,037
24,443
23,485
22,733
1990
15,496
129
1,913
103
294
295
2,288
319
2,504
23,341
Resident population concept
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
14,286
13,454
13,502
13,405
13,045
12,936
12,734
12,843
13,589
146
121
117
94
113
131
121
114
130
1,853
1,802
1,750
1,760
1,746
1,830
1,699
1,800
1,866
107
97
115
101
114
98
100
91
103
270
278
239
238
213
225
205
225
199
274
250
282
258
269
253
287
248
244
2,050
1,995
2,013
1,940
2,068
2,124
1,983
1,954
2,138
295
284
291
305
311
322
269
296
215
2,560
2,523
2,493
2,486
2,573
2,534
2,555
2,562
2,583
21,841
20,804
20,802
20,587
20,452
20,453
19,953
20,135
21,085
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
13,084
12,661
13,164
13,711
13,521
13,200
14,119
107
112
108
108
119
116
94
1,858
1,776
1,849
1,879
1,711
1,710
1,735
90
108
104
104
104
101
100
174
201
206
174
185
156
162
240
285
246
254
252
253
243
2,141
2,046
2,133
2,149
2,064
1,983
2,019
249
262
245
272
294
298
260
2,679
2,514
2,635
2,757
2,756
2,653
2,729
20,655
19,972
20,690
21,419
21,006
20,470
21,461
(1) Includes marriages where one or both partners have been previously married, but how the previous marriage was dissolved (divorce
or widowhood) is not stated.
Note:
(a) Marriages registered in New Zealand. Before 1999, marriage data were extracted on the basis of 'date of marriage' (ie occurrence). From 1999
onwards, marriage data have been extracted using 'date of registration'.
(b) Marriages from 1991 onwards are based on marriages registered in New Zealand of bridegrooms resident in New Zealand. Before 1991,
marriages are based on marriages registered in New Zealand of bridegrooms resident in New Zealand and bridegrooms visiting from overseas.
72
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 3.08
First Marriages and Remarriages
1954–2006
December
year
Bridegroom
First marriage
Bride
Remarriage
First marriage
Marriages
Remarriage
First marriage
Remarriage(1)
Total
Percent
remarriage
De facto population concept
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
15,470
15,858
15,513
15,634
16,198
16,264
2,087
1,937
2,018
1,980
2,107
2,051
15,539
15,819
15,580
15,625
16,226
16,206
2,018
1,976
1,951
1,989
2,079
2,109
14,469
14,892
14,607
14,661
15,191
15,228
3,088
2,903
2,924
2,953
3,114
3,087
17,557
17,795
17,531
17,614
18,305
18,315
18
16
17
17
17
17
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
16,773
17,368
17,529
17,796
18,551
19,531
20,690
21,230
21,675
22,168
2,136
2,058
2,043
2,060
2,169
2,171
2,259
2,285
2,382
2,803
16,762
17,346
17,546
17,797
18,582
19,580
20,695
21,369
21,811
22,339
2,147
2,080
2,026
2,059
2,138
2,122
2,254
2,146
2,246
2,632
15,782
16,404
16,615
16,882
17,587
18,586
19,751
20,351
20,764
21,142
3,127
3,022
2,957
2,974
3,133
3,116
3,198
3,164
3,293
3,829
18,909
19,426
19,572
19,856
20,720
21,702
22,949
23,515
24,057
24,971
17
16
15
15
15
14
14
13
14
15
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
23,003
24,014
23,607
22,768
21,705
20,863
20,061
18,329
18,206
17,909
2,950
3,185
3,261
3,506
3,707
3,672
4,093
4,260
4,220
4,417
23,110
24,195
23,661
22,970
21,962
20,965
20,237
18,661
18,383
18,192
2,843
3,004
3,207
3,304
3,450
3,570
3,917
3,928
4,043
4,134
21,826
22,814
22,310
21,426
20,346
19,338
18,470
16,875
16,607
16,379
4,127
4,385
4,558
4,848
5,066
5,197
5,684
5,714
5,819
5,947
25,953
27,199
26,868
26,274
25,412
24,535
24,154
22,589
22,426
22,326
16
16
17
18
20
21
24
25
26
27
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
18,400
18,515
18,908
18,486
18,824
18,582
17,973
18,281
17,707
17,080
4,581
5,145
6,629
6,192
6,448
6,075
6,064
6,162
5,778
5,653
18,696
18,835
19,412
18,835
19,205
18,945
18,361
18,766
18,091
17,552
4,285
4,825
6,125
5,843
6,067
5,712
5,676
5,677
5,394
5,181
16,823
16,743
16,833
16,450
16,746
16,537
16,000
16,312
15,757
15,200
6,158
6,917
8,704
8,228
8,526
8,120
8,037
8,131
7,728
7,533
22,981
23,660
25,537
24,678
25,272
24,657
24,037
24,443
23,485
22,733
27
29
34
33
34
33
33
33
33
33
1990
17,538
5,803
17,887
5,454
15,496
7,845
23,341
34
Resident population concept
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
16,285
15,377
15,369
15,259
14,904
14,897
14,554
14,757
15,589
5,556
5,427
5,433
5,328
5,548
5,556
5,399
5,378
5,496
16,443
15,546
15,630
15,446
15,227
15,158
14,817
14,888
15,835
5,398
5,258
5,172
5,141
5,225
5,295
5,136
5,247
5,250
14,286
13,454
13,502
13,405
13,045
12,936
12,734
12,843
13,589
7,555
7,350
7,300
7,182
7,407
7,517
7,219
7,292
7,496
21,841
20,804
20,802
20,587
20,452
20,453
19,953
20,135
21,085
35
35
35
35
36
37
36
36
36
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
15,054
14,551
15,121
15,702
15,351
15,026
15,948
5,601
5,421
5,569
5,717
5,655
5,444
5,513
15,325
14,818
15,401
15,966
15,689
15,284
16,238
5,330
5,154
5,289
5,453
5,317
5,186
5,223
13,084
12,661
13,164
13,711
13,521
13,200
14,119
7,571
7,311
7,526
7,708
7,485
7,270
7,342
20,655
19,972
20,690
21,419
21,006
20,470
21,461
37
37
36
36
36
36
34
(1) Marriages where one or both partners have been previously married.
Note:
(a) Marriages registered in New Zealand. Before 1999, marriage data were extracted on the basis of 'date of marriage' (ie
occurrence). From 1999 onwards, marriage data have been extracted using 'date of registration'.
(b) Marriages from 1991 onwards are based on marriages registered in New Zealand of bridegrooms resident in New Zealand.
Before 1991, marriages are based on marriages registered in New Zealand of bridegrooms resident in New Zealand and
bridegrooms visiting from overseas.
73
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 3.09
Divorces and Divorce Rates
1961–2006
December year
Divorces
Divorce rate(1)
De facto population concept
1961
1,733
3.2
1966
2,064
3.5
1971
3,347
5.1
1976
5,401
7.4
1977
5,381
7.4
1978
5,772
8.0
1979
6,101
8.5
1980
6,493
9.0
1981
8,590
11.9
1982
12,395
17.1
1983
9,750
13.3
1984
9,174
12.5
1985
8,607
11.7
1986
8,753
11.9
1987
8,709
11.8
1988
8,674
11.8
1989
8,555
11.7
1990
9,036
12.3
Resident population concept
1991
9,152
12.0
1992
9,114
11.9
1993
9,193
11.9
1994
9,213
11.9
1995
9,574
12.3
1996
10,009
12.7
1997
9,754
12.3
1998
10,067
12.6
1999
9,931
12.5
2000
9,699
12.2
2001
9,683
12.1 R
2002
10,292
12.7 R
2003
10,491
12.8 R
2004
10,609
12.8 R
2005
9,972
2006
10,065
11.9 R
11.9
(1) Orders for dissolution of marriage granted in New Zealand per 1,000 estimated existing
marriages.
Note:
(a) Divorce data are based on orders for dissolution of marriage granted in New Zealand.
(b) Divorce rates from 1991 onwards are based on the estimated number of existing
marriages of people resident in New Zealand. Before 1991, divorce rates are based on
the estimated number of existing marriages of people resident in New Zealand and
people visiting from overseas.
74
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 3.10
Divorces and Divorce Rates by Age Group
1996–2006
(A) Male
Age group
(years)
December year
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Divorces
16–19
1
0
1
1
3
1
4
4
2
0
0
20–24
122
136
136
114
107
114
131
130
133
154
166
25–29
923
872
865
811
725
687
689
646
620
570
565
30–34
1,797
1,683
1,808
1,612
1,541
1,452
1,504
1,610
1,411
1,238
1,210
35–39
1,937
1,973
2,039
1,992
1,900
1,835
1,860
1,776
1,909
1,720
1,590
40–44
1,711
1,689
1,680
1,755
1,742
1,845
1,959
2,025
2,040
1,964
1,898
45–49
1,506
1,447
1,450
1,460
1,484
1,420
1,611
1,663
1,692
1,578
1,724
1,238
50–54
901
879
1,010
1,097
1,049
1,133
1,225
1,238
1,277
1,263
55–59
539
557
509
552
604
585
655
732
772
786
881
60–64
293
275
292
285
283
318
341
360
413
384
419
65+
257
238
252
0
261
0
293
0
313
0
307
0
340
0
374
5
277
0
315
22
0
0
10,009
9,754
10,067
9,931
9,699
9,683
10,292
10,491
10,609
9,972
10,065
Not stated
All ages
Divorce rates(1)
16–19
3.0
0.0
2.7
2.6
7.1
20–24
13.6
16.1
17.2
15.4
15.3
25–29
20.7
20.2
21.1
21.2
20.3
30–34
21.2
20.5
23.0
21.5
21.4
35–39
18.8
19.0
19.7
19.6
19.2
40–44
16.9
16.5
16.3
17.0
16.8
45–49
15.1
14.5
14.7
14.9
15.2
2.3 R
16.7 R
20.7 R
20.7 R
19.2 R
9.0 R
9.0 R
4.5 R
0.0 R
0.0
18.8 R
18.1 R
18.5 R
21.6 R
23.7
21.4 R
20.3 R
19.7 R
18.3 R
18.1
21.4 R
22.9 R
20.3 R
18.2 R
18.3
17.5
19.8 R
19.2 R
20.8 R
18.9 R
18.5 R
18.8 R
18.9 R
18.3 R
18.0
16.2 R
16.3 R
16.3 R
14.9 R
16.1
11.9 R
7.8 R
12.9 R
13.1 R
13.4 R
13.2 R
12.7
8.3 R
8.7 R
8.8 R
8.7 R
9.6
5.1 R
5.3 R
5.9 R
5.4 R
5.8
2.1 R
2.0 R
2.1 R
1.9 R
2.2
17.7 R
14.5 R
50–54
11.4
10.6
11.5
12.0
11.2
55–59
8.0
7.9
7.1
7.6
8.1
60–64
5.2
4.9
5.1
4.9
4.7
65+
1.9
1.7
1.9
1.7
1.8
5.0 R
2.0 R
All ages
12.8
12.3
12.7
12.5
12.3
12.2 R
12.8 R
12.9 R
12.9 R
12.0 R
12.0
Median age at
divorce (years)
40.6
40.6
40.5
41.2
41.6
41.9
42.4
42.5
43.0
43.3
44.0
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
75
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 3.10 continued
Divorces and Divorce Rates by Age Group
1996–2006
(B) Female
Age group
(years)
December year
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Divorces
16–19
4
9
4
6
9
6
7
6
4
7
6
20–24
360
351
330
311
255
268
275
289
304
312
299
25–29
1,460
1,391
1,406
1,292
1,193
1,081
1,054
1,052
958
847
854
30–34
2,079
1,975
2,052
1,913
1,842
1,806
1,885
1,874
1,795
1,625
1,519
35–39
1,907
1,934
2,047
2,053
1,933
1,970
2,015
1,998
2,055
1,856
1,841
40–44
1,660
1,551
1,560
1,646
1,701
1,676
1,913
1,957
2,001
1,980
1,927
45–49
1,278
1,255
1,300
1,258
1,260
1,254
1,450
1,517
1,541
1,506
1,573
50–54
628
657
712
776
837
860
910
915
1,018
949
1,016
55–59
326
373
354
381
366
435
439
543
552
513
580
60–64
147
148
169
163
182
206
178
196
218
226
281
65+
134
102
133
132
121
121
166
144
163
151
169
26
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10,009
9,754
10,067
9,931
9,699
9,683
10,292
10,491
10,609
9,972
10,065
Not stated
All ages
Divorce rates(1)
16–19
4.3
9.8
4.3
6.6
9.9
6.5 R
7.4 R
6.3 R
4.1 R
7.1 R
6.0
20–24
18.3
19.3
19.7
20.1
17.7
19.4 R
19.7 R
20.4 R
21.4 R
22.2 R
21.5
25–29
22.0
21.6
22.9
22.4
22.2
21.8 R
22.1 R
22.6 R
20.9 R
18.7 R
18.9
30–34
20.6
20.0
21.5
20.6
20.4
20.4 R
21.3 R
21.2 R
20.6 R
19.1 R
18.5
35–39
17.2
17.1
17.9
18.1
17.4
18.3 R
18.9 R
18.9 R
19.5 R
17.7 R
17.5
40–44
16.1
14.8
14.7
15.3
15.6
15.2 R
16.9 R
16.9 R
17.2 R
17.1 R
16.9
45–49
13.1
12.9
13.4
12.9
12.9
12.7 R
14.4 R
14.7 R
14.6 R
13.9 R
14.2
50–54
8.4
8.3
8.5
8.9
9.3
9.3 R
9.9 R
9.9 R
10.9 R
10.1 R
10.6
55–59
5.2
5.7
5.3
5.6
5.3
6.2 R
5.9 R
6.9 R
6.7 R
6.0 R
6.6
60–64
3.0
3.0
3.3
3.1
3.3
3.6 R
2.9 R
3.2 R
3.5 R
3.5 R
4.2
65+
1.3
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1 R
1.4 R
1.2 R
1.3 R
1.2 R
1.3
All ages
12.6
12.2
12.6
12.4
12.1
12.1 R
12.7 R
12.7 R
12.7 R
11.8 R
11.8
Median age at
divorce (years)
37.8
37.9
37.9
38.4
39.0
39.3
39.8
40.1
40.4
40.8
41.4
(1) Orders for dissolution of marriage granted in New Zealand per 1,000 mean married estimated resident population in each age group.
76
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 3.11
December
year
Divorces by Duration of Marriage
1961–2006
Duration of marriage (in complete years) at date of order
Under 5
5–9
10–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–39
40+
All divorces
1961
1962
1963
1964
115
132
136
142
464
439
491
548
399
435
459
390
287
309
333
351
218
208
229
195
124
124
152
148
98
81
83
97
28
27
22
23
1,733
1,755
1,905
1,894
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
144
135
150
200
266
464
527
530
591
872
372
409
451
422
594
312
335
344
342
438
226
274
254
288
387
156
209
187
174
208
118
138
108
134
186
22
37
23
21
45
1,814
2,064
2,047
2,172
2,996
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
346
372
385
412
495
916
1,016
1,061
1,088
1,367
591
651
700
783
955
425
418
493
500
620
411
420
401
380
447
218
255
241
267
333
193
186
168
153
194
36
29
22
33
46
3,136
3,347
3,471
3,616
4,457
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
544
591
413
425
416
1,462
1,701
1,696
1,784
1,930
1,045
1,105
1,175
1,283
1,375
660
767
845
867
908
469
546
586
641
688
321
394
388
430
426
235
255
243
297
311
25
42
35
45
47
4,761
5,401
5,381
5,772
6,101
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
387
542
822
838
916
2,022
2,499
3,498
2,646
2,402
1,537
2,080
3,008
2,374
2,119
1,027
1,361
2,069
1,555
1,571
726
1,009
1,410
1,115
1,000
429
624
853
644
636
333
415
642
510
461
32
60
93
68
69
6,493
8,590
12,395
9,750
9,174
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
861
1,106
1,196
1,151
1,146
2,235
2,282
2,258
2,402
2,457
1,936
1,857
1,715
1,623
1,546
1,503
1,506
1,513
1,488
1,355
926
968
981
1,008
1,043
598
606
558
543
542
479
372
424
403
386
69
56
64
56
80
8,607
8,753
8,709
8,674
8,555
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1,238
1,245
1,163
1,198
1,173
2,545
2,625
2,565
2,483
2,405
1,627
1,595
1,704
1,859
1,887
1,451
1,418
1,305
1,271
1,295
1,068
1,125
1,162
1,133
1,151
622
616
643
670
735
418
453
487
486
466
67
75
85
93
101
9,036
9,152
9,114
9,193
9,213
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
1,225
1,237
1,276
1,332
1,358
2,568
2,624
2,512
2,625
2,492
1,906
1,977
1,885
2,030
1,916
1,289
1,368
1,408
1,422
1,434
1,200
1,222
1,135
1,043
1,062
796
908
858
874
888
509
566
585
611
660
81
107
94
130
121
9,574
10,009
9,753
10,067
9,931
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
1,256
1,300
1,341
1,501
1,457
2,445
2,385
2,515
2,481
2,500
1,823
1,839
1,972
1,933
2,003
1,454
1,522
1,523
1,560
1,575
1,080
974
1,200
1,194
1,270
843
788
841
879
840
670
739
761
811
810
128
136
139
132
154
9,699
9,683
10,292
10,491
10,609
2005
2006
1,435
1,470
2,269
2,327
1,873
1,808
1,475
1,435
1,191
1,224
783
779
781
829
165
193
9,972
10,065
Note:
(a) Orders for dissolution of marriage granted in New Zealand.
(b) Before 1986, duration of marriage was calculated from year of marriage to year of dissolution. Duration of marriage from 1986
onwards was calculated from both month and year of dissolution. As a result, a duration of four years 11 months will now be
included in the under 5 category instead of the 5–9 category.
77
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 3.12
Proportion of Marriages Ending in Divorce
1967–2001
Year of
marriage
Duration of marriage (years)
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Percent
1967
2.3
8.3
15.3
21.4
25.9
28.8
30.9
1968
2.4
8.7
16.3
22.1
26.4
29.8
31.6
1969
2.6
9.2
17.4
23.1
27.5
30.7
32.6
1970
2.8
9.6
18.2
23.8
28.3
31.8
33.9
1971
3.1
10.6
19.2
24.9
29.3
32.6
34.6
1972
3.4
12.4
20.1
25.3
29.7
32.9
1973
3.0
13.0
20.3
25.6
30.0
32.9
1974
3.3
13.7
20.6
25.5
30.0
33.3
1975
3.2
13.5
20.0
25.3
29.8
33.2
1976
3.6
13.9
20.6
25.9
30.0
33.2
1977
4.9
14.4
20.8
26.1
30.3
1978
5.4
15.0
21.8
27.3
31.8
1979
5.9
15.1
22.4
28.6
33.3
1980
6.2
16.0
23.2
29.0
33.8
33.5
1981
5.6
15.4
22.8
28.6
1982
5.8
15.9
23.4
29.7
1983
5.7
16.0
23.4
29.2
1984
6.0
16.1
24.0
30.0
1985
6.0
16.1
23.8
30.0
1986
5.9
16.2
24.0
30.2
1987
6.4
16.4
24.0
1988
6.3
16.5
24.2
1989
6.3
16.9
24.9
1990
6.8
17.6
25.6
1991
7.0
18.5
27.2
1992
7.1
18.9
1993
7.5
18.9
1994
7.4
19.0
1995
8.0
19.9
1996
7.9
19.6
1997
8.0
1998
8.4
1999
7.9
2000
8.2
2001
8.7
78
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 3.13
(1)
Civil Unions
By relationship type
2005–2006
December
year
Same-sex civil unions
Female couples
Opposite-sex civil unions
Male couples
Female + male couples
Transfer from marriage
Total
New Zealand resident civil unions(2)
2005(3)
113
108
47
2
270
2006
188
131
78
0
397
Overseas resident civil unions
2005(3)
1
5
2
0
8
2006
9
20
4
0
33
Civil unions registered in New Zealand
(3)
2005
114
113
49
2
278
2006
197
151
82
0
430
(1) Civil unions registered in New Zealand by date of registration.
(2) Civil unions where partner 2 is resident in New Zealand.
(3) The first civil unions were celebrated on 29 April 2005.
79
Demographic Trends: 2007
4 Deaths and life expectancy
•
There were 28,245 deaths registered in New Zealand in the year ended December
2006, comprising 13,924 male and 14,321 female deaths.
•
The median age at death in 2006 was 76.3 years for males and 82.3 years
for females.
•
During the 2006 year, the number of infant deaths (under one year of age)
registered in New Zealand totalled 300. A decade earlier, 407 infant deaths were
registered. (Infant deaths exclude stillbirths.)
•
In 2006, 43 percent of all infant deaths occurred within the first week of life.
•
The infant mortality rate in 2006 was 5.1 infant deaths per 1,000 live births.
•
A newborn girl can expect to live, on average, 81.1 years, and a newborn boy 76.3
years, according to the New Zealand complete period life tables for 2000–2002.
•
The difference between female and male life expectancy at birth narrowed from a
peak of 6.4 years in 1975–1977 to 4.8 years in 2000–2002.
•
The 2000–2002 period life tables indicate that life expectancy at birth for the Mäori
ethnic group is 69.0 years for males and 73.2 years for females.
•
In 2006, there were 22,735 deaths of people belonging to the European ethnic
group; 2,666 deaths of people belonging to the Mäori ethnic group; 1,036 Pacific;
604 Asian; 79 Middle Eastern, Latin American and African (MELAA); and 213 in
‘Other’. Each death has been included in every ethnic group stated.
Figure 4.01
Life Expectancy at Birth
1950–2006 period life tables
85
Years of life
Males
Females
80
75
70
65
60
50–52
55–57
60–62
65–67
70–72
75–77
80–82
Period (years)
(1) Abridged life tables are used for 2004–2006.
80
85–87
90–92
95–97
00–02
04–06
Demographic Trends: 2007
Deaths
There were 28,245 deaths registered in New Zealand during the year ended December
2006. This compares with 27,034 in the December 2005 year and 27,045 in 1986.
The age distribution of people dying has changed significantly over the last two decades,
with an increasing proportion of deaths occurring in older age groups. This can be
attributed to an ageing population, increased life expectancy and the dramatic decline in
infant mortality (now just over one-quarter of the rate 40 years ago). In the December
2006 year, three-quarters of the deceased were aged 67 years and over, with one-half
aged 79 years and over. In contrast, only 5 percent of the deceased were under 40
years of age. By comparison, in 1986 three-quarters of deaths were of people aged
63 years and over, the median age at death was 74 years, and 9 percent of deaths
were of people aged under 40 years.
Ethnicity
From September 1995, a new ethnic question was asked on the death registration form.
The new question (based on the concept of self-identification) has collected more Mäori
and Pacific deaths than the previous degree-of-blood question. As a result, any change
in patterns may reflect definitional changes rather than an actual change in mortality.
The new question also captures other ethnicities (for example, European and Asian) and
allows a deceased person to be identified with multiple ethnic groups.
In 2005, Statistics New Zealand introduced a new classification for ethnicity. This
classification was used to classify ethnicity for the 2006 Census and for births, deaths
and abortions registered from 1 January 2006. Before 2006, the Middle Eastern, Latin
American and African (MELAA) grouping was included in the ‘Other’ ethnic group. In
2006, statistics on the MELAA group have been produced separately. In addition, the
ethnic response of ‘New Zealander’ was coded and included in the ‘Other’ ethnic group
for the first time. In previous years, New Zealanders were included in the European
ethnic group. Ethnicity data for 2006 onwards is not strictly comparable with ethnicity
data for earlier years.
A breakdown of deaths registered during the year ended December 2006 into broad
ethnic groups shows that 26,365 belonged to one ethnic group, 469 belonged to two
ethnic groups, and 10 belonged to three or more ethnic groups. There were a further
1,401 deaths where ethnicity was not stated.
Multi-ethnic deaths accounted for 1.8 percent of the total deaths for the year ended
December 2006. The small proportion (compared with 25 percent of total births being
multi-ethnic) partly reflects the ethnic structure of the older population, which is made
up largely of people who belong to one ethnic group. Although this proportion is small,
the number of deaths recorded in multiple ethnicities has increased over the past year
(from 1.3 percent in 2005).
Death rates
The crude death rate for New Zealand was 6.7 deaths per 1,000 mean estimated
resident population in the December 2006 year, down from 7.6 per 1,000 in 1996.
For the Mäori population, the crude death rate was 4.3 deaths per 1,000 in 2006.
However, the crude death rate is influenced by the age structure of the population
being measured and does not give an accurate comparison of the mortality experience
between populations or over time. The crude death rate for Mäori is lower than that for
the total population because of the younger age structure of the Mäori population.
Life tables and standardised death rates are used to give a more accurate description of
mortality. For example, when the differences in population composition are taken into
account by standardising for age, the standardised Mäori death rate (7.3 per 1,000) is
higher than the standardised death rate of the total population (4.2 per 1,000).
81
Demographic Trends: 2007
Life tables and life expectancy
According to the New Zealand complete period life tables for 2000–2002, a newborn
girl can expect to live 81.1 years on average, and a newborn boy 76.3 years. These
levels represent longevity gains since 1995–1997 of 1.4 years for females and 1.9 years
for males. The gains were due largely to the reduction in mortality rates at late-working
and retirement ages (50–89 years). Since 1975–1977, life expectancy at birth has
increased by 5.6 years for females and 7.3 years for males. While differences in mortality
between males and females still remain, their longevity gap has narrowed. Newborn
females in 2000–2002 can expect to outlive newborn males by 4.8 years, down from a
peak of 6.4 years in 1975–1977.
Mäori life expectancy is significantly lower than the life expectancy of the total
population. Life expectancy at birth for females of Mäori ethnicity in 2000–2002 was
73.2 years, while male Mäori life expectancy was 69.0 years. The difference of about
7.6 years between Mäori and the total population is slightly less than the estimated
difference of 8.1 years in 1995–1997.
The 1995–1997 and 2000–2002 period life tables for Mäori have been derived using
data from the new ethnic question on the birth and death registration forms (introduced
in September 1995), and therefore are not comparable with earlier life tables. Life
tables for other ethnicities, such as broad Pacific peoples and Asian ethnic groups,
have not been produced because of the small number of death registrations and the
uncertainty associated with ethnic identification and measurement.
The latest abridged period life tables (2004–2006), produced for the total population
only, indicate the life expectancy at birth has increased to 81.9 years for females and
77.9 years for males.
Infant mortality
The New Zealand infant mortality rate (deaths of children under one year of age per
1,000 live births) has fallen significantly over the last four decades. In the year ended
December 2006, the infant mortality rate was 5.1 infant deaths per 1,000 live births,
down from 17.7 per 1,000 in 1966. Over the same period the neonatal mortality
rate (deaths of babies aged less than four weeks per 1,000 live births) fell from
11.3 per 1,000 to 2.7 per 1,000. In the December 2006 year, 29 percent of infant
deaths occurred in the first 24 hours after birth, 43 percent within the first week of life
and 53 percent within the first four weeks of life.
Cohort mortality
The cohort mortality series tracks the birth cohorts (people born in each year) over their
entire lifetime, by following the deaths of each cohort at each age of life.
The cohort life tables indicate that life expectancy at birth increased between the 1876
and 1932 birth cohorts, from 50.4 years to 70.8 years for males, and from 54.0 years
to 75.8 years for females. Both the level and rate of change in life expectancy at birth
are higher than implied by the period life tables, because of the progressive decline in
mortality with successive birth cohorts.
Life expectancy is the average length of life of a group of people from a given age. The
death of the last survivor of a birth cohort is therefore needed before life expectancy
(at any age) can be calculated. Some remaining survival and mortality experience has
been projected at ages above 75 years to complete the life tables for birth cohorts up
to 1932. For cohorts born after 1932, other life table measures such as death rates at
different ages and proportions dying by different ages are still available.
82
Demographic Trends: 2007
The cohort life tables also indicate that the impact of war deaths on the mortality
experience of New Zealand males has been hugely significant. Without the direct impact
of deaths in World War I and II, life expectancy at birth would have been five years
higher for males born in the mid 1890s and three years higher for males born in the
late 1910s.
Subnational life expectancy
Although the life expectancy of New Zealanders at birth has improved by five years in
the last two decades, there are some significant regional differences in life expectancy.
According to the 2000–2002 abridged period life tables for regional council areas, life
expectancy at birth ranged from 72.6 to 77.5 years for males and from 78.9 to 82.2
years for females.
The regional period life tables show that Auckland, Wellington, Tasman, Canterbury and
Otago all experienced life expectancies at birth above the national average over the last
decade. In contrast, life expectancy in the Gisborne region was significantly below the
New Zealand average. Other regions with life expectancies below the national average
over the last decade were Northland, Bay of Plenty, Hawke’s Bay, Manawatu-Wanganui,
West Coast and Southland. The remaining regions experienced life expectancies around
the national average.
Abridged period life tables have also been derived for some territorial authority areas.
There are 35 areas where death and population numbers are considered sufficient
to produce reliable period life tables. However, because of fluctuations in death and
population numbers, and internal migration movements, these abridged period life
tables should be interpreted with caution.
The reasons for subnational differences in life expectancy are difficult to isolate and are
probably due to a combination of interrelated factors, including the proportion of the
population who are Mäori, the proportion who smoke (or have smoked), the proximity
to health services, the extent of urbanisation and other socio-economic factors.
Where to find additional information
Births and Deaths information releases are available on the Statistics New Zealand
website at: www.stats.govt.nz/products-and-services/info-releases/births-and-deaths.htm
Additional tables on deaths and mortality rates are available on the Statistics NZ website
at: www.stats.govt.nz/tables/deaths-tables.htm
For the latest information on life tables and life expectancy, go to:
www.stats.govt.nz/people/health/lifeexpectancy.htm
For information about death statistics, go to:
www2.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/omni/omni.nsf/outputs/deaths
For more information about cohort mortality including more detailed tables and a report
presenting the methods and results, go to www.stats.govt.nz/datasets/population/
cohort-life-tables.htm
For information about the New Zealand population aged 65 and over, go to
www.stats.govt.nz/analytical-reports/new-zealand-65plus-population.htm
83
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 4.01
Infant and Total Deaths
1961–2006
December year
Infant deaths
(1)
Neonatal
Post-neonatal(2)
All infants(3)
All deaths
De facto population concept
1961
1962
1963
1964
951
825
827
774
539
506
442
419
1,490
1,331
1,269
1,193
21,782
22,081
22,416
22,861
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
731
677
684
738
677
443
387
418
426
380
1,174
1,064
1,102
1,164
1,057
22,976
23,778
23,007
24,464
24,161
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
640
685
637
593
555
400
381
351
392
367
1,040
1,066
988
985
922
24,840
24,309
24,801
25,312
25,261
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
546
429
430
376
344
358
337
340
327
309
904
766
770
703
653
25,114
25,457
25,961
24,669
25,340
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
294
282
264
280
230
356
310
323
353
367
650
592
587
633
597
26,676
25,150
25,532
25,991
25,378
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
240
262
228
271
256
320
330
326
349
336
560
592
554
620
592
27,480
27,045
27,419
27,408
27,042
1990
245
255
500
26,531
Resident population concept
1991
1992
1993
1994
256
214
215
192
238
213
206
209
494
427
421
401
26,389
27,115
27,100
26,953
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
179
212
196
171
164
205
195
181
134
153
384
407
377
305
317
27,813
28,255
27,471
26,206
28,122
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
202
154
189
163
180
144
142
111
114
144
346
296
300
277
324
26,660
27,825
28,065
28,010
28,419
2005
2006
182
158
113
142
295
300
27,034
28,245
(1) Deaths under four weeks of age.
(2) Deaths from four weeks up to one year of age.
(3) Deaths under one year of age.
Note: Deaths data from 1991 onwards are based on deaths registered in New Zealand of people
resident in New Zealand by date of registration. Before 1991, death data are based on deaths
registered in New Zealand of people resident in New Zealand and people visiting from overseas
by date of registration.
84
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 4.02
Deaths by Ethnicity
1996–2006
Ethnic group(1)
December year
MELAA(3)
Other
(pre 2006)(4)
Other (from
2006)(5)
Not
elsewhere
included(6)
Mäori
Pacific
Asian
European(2)
1996
2,626
723
314
24,230
…
36
…
675
28,255
1997
2,549
778
356
23,440
…
52
…
649
27,471
1998
2,447
824
348
22,040
…
67
…
772
26,206
1999
2,596
828
393
23,568
…
65
…
977
28,122
2000
2,533
828
452
22,191
…
66
…
886
26,660
2001
2,507
884
460
23,160
…
70
…
1,006
27,825
2002
2,550
912
470
23,351
…
83
…
974
28,065
2003
2,623
936
477
23,225
…
73
…
940
28,010
2004
2,665
960
591
23,492
…
84
…
898
28,419
2005
2,613
934
528
22,032
…
71
…
1,224
27,034
2006
2,666
1,036
604
22,735
79
…
213
1,401
28,245
(1) Each death has been included in every ethnic group stated. For this reason, some deaths are counted more than once.
(2) Before 2006, New Zealanders were included in the European ethnic group.
(3) Middle Eastern, Latin American and African.
(4) Includes MELAA and other ethnicities elsewhere not included.
(5) Includes New Zealander and other ethnicities not elsewhere included.
(6) Includes response unidentifiable, response out of scope and not stated.
Note:
(a) Deaths data are based on deaths registered in New Zealand of New Zealand residents by date of registration.
(b) Ethnic group figures from 1998 onwards allow for up to 10 ethnicities to be captured per person. Prior to 1998,
the maximum number of ethnicities captured per person was three.
85
All deaths
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 4.03
Deaths by Mäori Descent
1996–2006
Descent
Mäori
Non-Mäori
Not
elsewhere
included(1)
All deaths
1996
2,605
21,814
3,836
28,255
1997
2,515
22,657
2,299
27,471
December year
1998
2,359
21,684
2,163
26,206
1999
2,502
22,787
2,833
28,122
2000
2,409
21,776
2,475
26,660
2001
2,366
22,882
2,577
27,825
2002
2,385
22,751
2,929
28,065
2003
2,498
22,274
3,238
28,010
2004
2,624
22,968
2,827
28,419
2005
2,726
21,735
2,573
27,034
2006
2,780
22,455
3,010
28,245
(1) Includes Mäori descent not known or not recorded.
Note: Deaths data are based on deaths registered in New Zealand of
New Zealand residents by date of registration.
86
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 4.04
Deaths By Ethnic Group
Year ended 31 December 2006
Number
Ethnic group
Total response(1)
European
22,735
Mäori
2,666
Pacific
1,036
Asian
MELAA(2)
604
Other(3)
213
79
One ethnic group(4)
European
22,324
Mäori
2,350
Pacific
940
Asian
543
MELAA
Other(3)
142
European/Mäori
277
European/Pacific
36
European/Asian
18
European/MELAA
European/Other(3)
62
Mäori/Pacific
24
Mäori/Asian
5
66
Two ethnic groups(5)
8
Mäori/MELAA
1
Pacific/Asian
Pacific/Other(3)
29
Asian/Other(3)
6
MELAA/Other(3)
1
2
Three or more ethnic groups(6)
10
Not elsewhere included(7)
1,401
All deaths
28,245
(1) Each death has been included in every ethnic group stated. For this reason, some deaths are counted
more than once.
(2) Middle Eastern, Latin American and African.
(3) 'Other' includes New Zealander and other ethnicities not elsewhere included.
(4) Includes deaths where only one ethnicity was stated or the ethnicities stated were all in the same
broad group.
(5) Includes deaths where the stated ethnic groups belonged to two different broad groups.
(6) Includes deaths where the stated ethnic groups belonged to three or more broad groups.
(7) Includes response unidentifiable, response out of scope and not stated.
Note: Deaths data are based on deaths registered in New Zealand of New Zealand residents by date of registration.
87
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 4.05
Crude, Standardised and Infant Death Rates
Total and Mäori populations
1961–2006
December
year
Crude death rate(1)
Infant mortality rate(3)
Standardised death rate(2)
Total
Mäori
Mäori
Total
Mäori
1961
1962
1963
1964
8.98
8.89
8.84
8.83
8.27
6.98
6.57
6.17
8.97
8.94
8.94
9.01
15.91
14.72
15.29
14.98
22.79
20.47
19.67
19.15
49.68
39.03
32.99
30.33
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
8.72
8.86
8.43
8.88
8.69
6.20
6.38
5.88
6.21
6.10
8.90
9.02
8.58
9.02
8.83
14.25
15.56
13.35
15.42
15.02
19.55
17.73
18.06
18.74
16.95
30.09
28.41
30.02
27.82
22.18
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
8.81
8.49
8.51
8.50
8.30
6.26
6.20
5.70
5.69
5.13
8.92
8.55
8.57
8.61
8.47
15.06
16.05
14.03
15.12
13.34
16.76
16.54
15.63
16.22
15.54
25.63
26.54
20.08
20.18
21.34
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
8.10
8.13
8.26
7.85
8.08
5.25
5.10
5.37
4.52
4.77
8.21
8.15
8.19
7.67
7.74
13.45
12.79
13.06
10.80
10.98
15.96
13.90
14.21
13.78
12.49
17.70
22.03
22.40
18.09
18.03
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
8.48
7.97
8.03
8.07
7.80
4.83
4.61
4.66
4.63
4.36
8.02
7.33
7.28
7.26
6.95
11.22
11.18
11.37
10.92
9.92
12.86
11.65
11.75
12.54
11.56
19.94
15.44
18.18
19.45
18.38
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
8.40
8.25
8.30
8.26
8.12
4.34
4.13
3.98
4.08
4.31
7.30
7.03
6.97
6.83
6.60
10.51
9.02
8.20
8.48
8.51
10.81
11.21
10.03
10.77
10.19
15.30
14.43
14.32
13.89
16.94
1990
7.89
4.37
6.32
8.81
8.31
15.69
Total
De facto population concept
Resident population concept
1991
1992
1993
1994
7.55
7.67
7.58
7.44
..
..
..
..
5.98
5.99
5.84
5.65
..
..
..
..
8.25
7.22
7.16
7.00
..
..
..
..
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
7.57
7.57
7.26
6.87
7.33
..
4.96
4.72
4.43
4.61
5.68
5.63
5.33
4.96
5.14
..
10.49
9.64
9.00
9.30
6.66
7.11
6.54
5.51
5.56
..
11.52
10.31
7.55
8.12
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
6.91
7.16
7.10
6.95
6.95
R
R
R
R
6.11
5.30
5.55
4.93
5.58
7.76
7.83
7.40
6.77
7.13
2005
2006
Percent decline
since 1961
6.54 R
6.75
4.23 R
4.27
4.17 R
4.19
7.41 R
7.25
5.11
5.07
6.63
6.69
25
48
53
54
78
86
R
R
R
R
4.41
4.28
4.29
4.35
4.36
R
R
R
R
4.79
4.79
4.69
4.57
4.49
R
R
R
R
8.84
8.27
8.06
8.06
7.78
(1) Per 1,000 mean estimated population.
(2) The age and sex distribution of the mean estimated population for the year ended 31 December 1961 was taken as the standard.
(3) Deaths of children under one year of age per 1,000 live births.
Note:
(a) From 1 September 1995, a new ethnic question was asked on the death registration form. This new question (based on the concept of
self-identification) has collected more Mäori deaths than the previous degree-of-blood question. As a result, any change in patterns
may reflect definitional changes rather than an actual change in mortality.
(b) Deaths data from 1991 onwards are based on deaths registered in New Zealand of people resident in New Zealand by date of
registration and the mean estimated resident population. Before 1991, death data are based on deaths registered in New Zealand of
people resident in New Zealand and people visiting from overseas by date of registration and the mean estimated de facto population.
(c) Figures on Mäori mortality should be used with caution.
88
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 4.06
Deaths by Age and Sex
Total and Mäori populations
Year ended 31 December 2006
Age
Total
Male
Mäori
Female
People
Male
Female
People
Under 1 year of age
Under 1 day
1 and under 2 days
2 and under 7 days
7 and under 28 days
Under 4 weeks
47
11
10
19
87
41
7
14
9
71
88
18
24
28
158
14
1
3
6
24
13
4
8
4
29
27
5
11
10
53
4 weeks and under 3 months
3 and under 6 months
6 and under 9 months
9 and under 12 months
Under 1 year
37
34
10
5
173
25
18
7
6
127
62
52
17
11
300
17
14
3
2
60
12
7
3
5
56
29
21
6
7
116
0
1
2
3
4
173
11
7
7
8
127
9
5
9
3
300
20
12
16
11
60
4
2
3
4
56
1
2
4
0
116
5
4
7
4
5
6
7
8
9
6
4
5
2
7
3
2
1
3
2
9
6
6
5
9
4
2
2
1
4
2
1
0
1
1
6
3
2
2
5
10
11
12
13
14
3
4
6
8
5
5
2
5
2
4
8
6
11
10
9
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
5
3
3
15
16
17
18
19
17
22
28
33
39
8
12
15
15
10
25
34
43
48
49
7
7
13
11
11
3
8
6
7
3
10
15
19
18
14
20
21
22
23
24
34
24
28
26
18
15
4
8
10
10
49
28
36
36
28
12
5
4
2
6
4
1
2
1
2
16
6
6
3
8
25
26
27
28
29
24
28
21
24
23
11
15
7
10
6
35
43
28
34
29
5
8
7
6
3
4
8
2
3
0
9
16
9
9
3
30
31
32
33
34
23
26
32
29
29
14
10
18
14
13
37
36
50
43
42
9
8
7
8
6
3
4
11
4
7
12
12
18
12
13
35
36
37
38
39
28
36
40
38
34
21
21
24
33
21
49
57
64
71
55
8
9
14
8
10
3
5
8
10
8
11
14
22
18
18
Single year of age
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
89
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 4.06 continued
Deaths by Age and Sex
Total and Mäori populations
Year ended 31 December 2006
Age
Total
Male
Female
40
41
42
43
44
43
48
51
47
58
33
27
41
41
49
45
46
47
48
49
63
68
72
80
90
50
51
52
53
54
Mäori
People
Male
Female
People
76
75
92
88
107
9
10
15
4
15
5
6
11
10
12
14
16
26
14
27
52
49
55
69
59
115
117
127
149
149
14
18
27
18
23
16
7
14
15
12
30
25
41
33
35
86
101
94
99
103
64
70
80
70
85
150
171
174
169
188
14
27
24
28
16
20
20
13
17
16
34
47
37
45
32
55
56
57
58
59
132
140
144
156
155
82
90
101
128
115
214
230
245
284
270
33
22
32
26
34
13
19
19
26
23
46
41
51
52
57
60
61
62
63
64
170
150
192
195
219
124
97
145
104
138
294
247
337
299
357
33
30
38
35
35
21
19
21
22
33
54
49
59
57
68
65
66
67
68
69
233
250
226
249
241
149
130
182
172
190
382
380
408
421
431
35
33
37
31
32
25
19
32
22
30
60
52
69
53
62
70
71
72
73
74
242
298
313
363
331
185
179
225
262
287
427
477
538
625
618
27
28
32
37
32
26
26
30
35
32
53
54
62
72
64
75
76
77
78
79
359
411
439
446
468
280
307
326
374
421
639
718
765
820
889
30
29
30
23
24
28
26
25
15
21
58
55
55
38
45
80
81
82
83
84
479
472
450
447
451
398
452
467
492
526
877
924
917
939
977
25
15
19
11
13
24
27
21
18
22
49
42
40
29
35
85
86
87
88
89
447
403
356
308
305
585
571
487
517
505
1,032
974
843
825
810
8
6
3
3
7
19
12
7
10
10
27
18
10
13
17
Single year of age
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
90
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 4.06 continued
Deaths by Age and Sex
Total and Mäori populations
Year ended 31 December 2006
Age
Total
Mäori
Male
Female
People
90
91
92
93
94
267
236
189
161
103
528
452
431
399
332
795
688
620
560
435
95
96
97
98
99
75
60
36
31
26
263
220
175
111
81
100+
37
165
173
33
24
26
139
130
120
139
176
247
373
483
727
926
1,199
1,547
2,123
2,299
1,819
956
228
37
127
26
11
18
60
47
49
69
120
191
284
369
516
608
823
1,138
1,708
2,335
2,665
2,142
850
165
13,924
76.3
Male
Female
People
4
4
4
2
2
12
7
9
2
4
16
11
13
4
6
338
280
211
142
107
0
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
0
2
3
2
3
1
202
0
2
2
300
59
35
44
199
177
169
208
296
438
657
852
1,243
1,534
2,022
2,685
3,831
4,634
4,484
3,098
1,078
202
60
13
13
8
49
29
29
38
49
53
100
109
147
171
168
156
136
83
27
16
4
0
56
7
5
8
27
10
17
29
34
44
64
86
100
116
128
149
115
112
58
34
7
2
116
20
18
16
76
39
46
67
83
97
164
195
247
287
296
305
251
195
85
50
11
2
14,321
28,245
1,458
1,208
2,666
82.3
79.3
61.0
65.0
62.8
Single year of age
Age group
0
1–4
5–9
10–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80–84
85–89
90–94
95–99
100+
All ages
Median age at death
(years)
Note: Deaths data are based on deaths registered in New Zealand of people resident in New Zealand by date of registration.
91
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 4.07
New Zealand Complete Period Life Table
2000–2002
(A) Total male population
Out of 100,000 males born
Exact
age
(years)
x
Probability that
a male who
reaches this age
Out of 100,000 males born
Expected
number of
years
of life
remaining
at age x
Exact
age
(years)
x
Number
alive
at exact
age
Average
number
alive in
the age
interval
Number
dying
in the
age
interval
Lives
another
year
Dies
within
a
year
lx
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
Probability that
a male who
reaches this age
Expected
number of
years
of life
remaining
at age x
Number
alive
at exact
age
Average
number
alive in
the age
interval
Number
dying
in the
age
interval
Lives
another
year
Dies
within
a
year
lx
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
0
1
2
3
4
100,000
99,392
99,321
99,289
99,260
99,501
99,357
99,305
99,275
99,248
608
71
32
29
25
0.99392
0.99929
0.99968
0.99971
0.99975
0.00608
0.00071
0.00032
0.00029
0.00025
76.33
75.79
74.84
73.87
72.89
50
51
52
53
54
94,061
93,738
93,385
92,997
92,571
93,900
93,562
93,191
92,784
92,337
323
353
388
426
468
0.99657
0.99623
0.99585
0.99542
0.99494
0.00343
0.00377
0.00415
0.00458
0.00506
29.23
28.32
27.43
26.54
25.66
5
6
7
8
9
99,235
99,214
99,197
99,182
99,169
99,225
99,206
99,190
99,176
99,163
21
17
15
13
13
0.99979
0.99983
0.99985
0.99987
0.99987
0.00021
0.00017
0.00015
0.00013
0.00013
71.91
70.92
69.94
68.95
67.95
55
56
57
58
59
92,103
91,587
91,019
90,395
89,707
91,845
91,303
90,707
90,051
89,329
516
568
624
688
757
0.99440
0.99380
0.99314
0.99239
0.99156
0.00560
0.00620
0.00686
0.00761
0.00844
24.79
23.93
23.07
22.23
21.39
10
11
12
13
14
99,156
99,142
99,126
99,105
99,074
99,149
99,134
99,116
99,090
99,051
14
16
21
31
46
0.99986
0.99984
0.99979
0.99969
0.99954
0.00014
0.00016
0.00021
0.00031
0.00046
66.96
65.97
64.98
64.00
63.02
60
61
62
63
64
88,950
88,117
87,199
86,189
85,080
88,534
87,658
86,694
85,635
84,472
833
918
1,010
1,109
1,217
0.99063
0.98958
0.98842
0.98713
0.98569
0.00937
0.01042
0.01158
0.01287
0.01431
20.57
19.76
18.97
18.18
17.41
15
16
17
18
19
99,028
98,966
98,888
98,798
98,700
98,997
98,927
98,843
98,749
98,648
62
78
90
98
104
0.99937
0.99921
0.99909
0.99901
0.99895
0.00063
0.00079
0.00091
0.00099
0.00105
62.05
61.08
60.13
59.19
58.25
65
66
67
68
69
83,863
82,530
81,073
79,486
77,761
83,197
81,802
80,280
78,624
76,827
1,333
1,457
1,587
1,725
1,869
0.98410
0.98235
0.98042
0.97830
0.97597
0.01590
0.01765
0.01958
0.02170
0.02403
16.66
15.92
15.20
14.49
13.80
20
21
22
23
24
98,596
98,489
98,378
98,264
98,148
98,543
98,434
98,321
98,206
98,090
107
111
114
116
117
0.99891
0.99887
0.99884
0.99882
0.99881
0.00109
0.00113
0.00116
0.00118
0.00119
57.31
56.37
55.43
54.49
53.56
70
71
72
73
74
75,892
73,873
71,700
69,369
66,879
74,883
72,787
70,535
68,124
65,555
2,019
2,173
2,331
2,490
2,648
0.97340
0.97058
0.96749
0.96410
0.96041
0.02660
0.02942
0.03251
0.03590
0.03959
13.13
12.47
11.83
11.22
10.61
25
26
27
28
29
98,031
97,913
97,796
97,679
97,562
97,972
97,855
97,738
97,621
97,503
118
117
117
117
118
0.99880
0.99880
0.99880
0.99880
0.99879
0.00120
0.00120
0.00120
0.00120
0.00121
52.62
51.68
50.75
49.81
48.87
75
76
77
78
79
64,231
61,430
58,483
55,399
52,186
62,831
59,957
56,941
53,793
50,518
2,801
2,947
3,084
3,213
3,336
0.95639
0.95202
0.94727
0.94201
0.93608
0.04361
0.04798
0.05273
0.05799
0.06392
10.03
9.47
8.92
8.39
7.87
30
31
32
33
34
97,444
97,326
97,208
97,089
96,970
97,385
97,267
97,149
97,030
96,910
118
118
119
119
121
0.99879
0.99879
0.99878
0.99877
0.99875
0.00121
0.00121
0.00122
0.00123
0.00125
47.92
46.98
46.04
45.09
44.15
80
81
82
83
84
48,850
45,399
41,844
38,208
34,525
47,125
43,622
40,026
36,367
32,682
3,451
3,555
3,636
3,683
3,687
0.92935
0.92170
0.91311
0.90360
0.89320
0.07065
0.07830
0.08689
0.09640
0.10680
7.38
6.90
6.44
6.01
5.59
35
36
37
38
39
96,849
96,725
96,598
96,467
96,330
96,787
96,662
96,533
96,399
96,258
124
127
131
137
144
0.99872
0.99869
0.99864
0.99858
0.99851
0.00128
0.00131
0.00136
0.00142
0.00149
43.20
42.26
41.31
40.37
39.42
85
86
87
88
89
30,838
27,195
23,642
20,224
16,985
29,017
25,419
21,933
18,605
15,478
3,643
3,553
3,418
3,239
3,014
0.88186
0.86935
0.85543
0.83985
0.82255
0.11814
0.13065
0.14457
0.16015
0.17745
5.20
4.83
4.49
4.16
3.86
40
41
42
43
44
96,186
96,035
95,875
95,704
95,520
96,111
95,955
95,790
95,612
95,421
151
160
171
184
198
0.99843
0.99833
0.99822
0.99808
0.99793
0.00157
0.00167
0.00178
0.00192
0.00207
38.48
37.54
36.60
35.67
34.74
90
91
92
93
94
13,971
11,233
8,816
6,749
5,039
12,602
10,025
7,783
5,894
4,354
2,738
2,417
2,067
1,710
1,371
0.80400
0.78481
0.76552
0.74656
0.72801
0.19600
0.21519
0.23448
0.25344
0.27199
3.58
3.33
3.11
2.91
2.72
45
46
47
48
49
95,322
95,108
94,878
94,628
94,356
95,215
94,993
94,753
94,492
94,209
214
230
250
272
295
0.99776
0.99758
0.99737
0.99713
0.99687
0.00224
0.00242
0.00263
0.00287
0.00313
33.81
32.88
31.96
31.04
30.13
95
96
97
98
99
3,668
2,600
1,792
1,200
779
3,134
2,196
1,496
990
635
1,068
808
592
421
289
0.70892
0.68935
0.66941
0.64917
0.62875
0.29108
0.31065
0.33059
0.35083
0.37125
2.56
2.40
2.26
2.13
2.00
100
490
394
192
0.60826
0.39174
1.89
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
92
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 4.07 continued
New Zealand Complete Period Life Table
2000–2002
(B) Total female population
Exact
age
(years)
x
Out of 100,000 females born
Probability that
a female who
reaches this age
Out of 100,000 females born
Expected
number of
years
of life
remaining
at age x
Exact
age
(years)
x
Number
alive
at exact
age
Average
number
alive in
the age
interval
Number
dying
in the
age
interval
Lives
another
year
Dies
within
a
year
lx
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
Probability that
a female who
reaches this age
Expected
number of
years
of life
remaining
at age x
Number
alive
at exact
age
Average
number
alive in
the age
interval
Number
dying
in the
age
interval
Lives
another
year
Dies
within
a
year
lx
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
0
1
2
3
4
100,000
99,482
99,421
99,394
99,370
99,558
99,452
99,408
99,382
99,359
518
61
27
24
22
0.99482
0.99939
0.99973
0.99976
0.99978
0.00518
0.00061
0.00027
0.00024
0.00022
81.11
80.53
79.58
78.61
77.62
50
51
52
53
54
96,461
96,222
95,960
95,674
95,360
96,342
96,091
95,817
95,517
95,188
239
262
286
314
344
0.99752
0.99728
0.99702
0.99672
0.99639
0.00248
0.00272
0.00298
0.00328
0.00361
32.98
32.07
31.15
30.24
29.34
5
6
7
8
9
99,348
99,329
99,312
99,297
99,284
99,339
99,321
99,305
99,291
99,278
19
17
15
13
12
0.99981
0.99983
0.99985
0.99987
0.99988
0.00019
0.00017
0.00015
0.00013
0.00012
76.64
75.66
74.67
73.68
72.69
55
56
57
58
59
95,016
94,637
94,221
93,763
93,259
94,827
94,429
93,992
93,511
92,983
379
416
458
504
552
0.99601
0.99560
0.99514
0.99463
0.99408
0.00399
0.00440
0.00486
0.00537
0.00592
28.45
27.56
26.68
25.80
24.94
10
11
12
13
14
99,272
99,260
99,247
99,232
99,214
99,266
99,254
99,240
99,223
99,203
12
13
15
18
23
0.99988
0.99987
0.99985
0.99982
0.99977
0.00012
0.00013
0.00015
0.00018
0.00023
71.70
70.71
69.72
68.73
67.74
60
61
62
63
64
92,707
92,103
91,443
90,723
89,941
92,405
91,773
91,083
90,332
89,518
604
660
720
782
847
0.99348
0.99283
0.99213
0.99138
0.99058
0.00652
0.00717
0.00787
0.00862
0.00942
24.09
23.24
22.41
21.58
20.76
15
16
17
18
19
99,191
99,164
99,133
99,098
99,060
99,178
99,149
99,116
99,079
99,040
27
31
35
38
40
0.99973
0.99969
0.99965
0.99962
0.99960
0.00027
0.00031
0.00035
0.00038
0.00040
66.75
65.77
64.79
63.82
62.84
65
66
67
68
69
89,094
88,178
87,192
86,133
84,997
88,636
87,685
86,663
85,565
84,387
916
986
1,059
1,136
1,221
0.98972
0.98882
0.98786
0.98681
0.98564
0.01028
0.01118
0.01214
0.01319
0.01436
19.96
19.16
18.37
17.59
16.82
20
21
22
23
24
99,020
98,979
98,937
98,895
98,852
99,000
98,958
98,916
98,874
98,831
41
42
42
43
43
0.99959
0.99958
0.99958
0.99957
0.99957
0.00041
0.00042
0.00042
0.00043
0.00043
61.86
60.89
59.92
58.94
57.97
70
71
72
73
74
83,776
82,462
81,043
79,506
77,838
83,119
81,753
80,275
78,672
76,932
1,314
1,419
1,537
1,668
1,813
0.98431
0.98279
0.98104
0.97902
0.97671
0.01569
0.01721
0.01896
0.02098
0.02329
16.05
15.30
14.56
13.83
13.12
25
26
27
28
29
98,809
98,766
98,723
98,678
98,632
98,788
98,745
98,701
98,655
98,608
43
43
45
46
48
0.99956
0.99956
0.99954
0.99953
0.99951
0.00044
0.00044
0.00046
0.00047
0.00049
56.99
56.02
55.04
54.07
53.09
75
76
77
78
79
76,025
74,054
71,912
69,588
67,071
75,040
72,983
70,750
68,330
65,712
1,971
2,142
2,324
2,517
2,718
0.97408
0.97107
0.96768
0.96383
0.95948
0.02592
0.02893
0.03232
0.03617
0.04052
12.42
11.74
11.07
10.43
9.80
30
31
32
33
34
98,584
98,533
98,480
98,424
98,365
98,559
98,507
98,452
98,395
98,334
51
53
56
59
62
0.99948
0.99946
0.99943
0.99940
0.99937
0.00052
0.00054
0.00057
0.00060
0.00063
52.12
51.14
50.17
49.20
48.23
80
81
82
83
84
64,353
61,429
58,300
54,971
51,453
62,891
59,865
56,636
53,212
49,606
2,924
3,129
3,329
3,518
3,694
0.95457
0.94906
0.94290
0.93601
0.92820
0.04543
0.05094
0.05710
0.06399
0.07180
9.19
8.60
8.04
7.50
6.97
35
36
37
38
39
98,303
98,238
98,170
98,098
98,021
98,271
98,204
98,134
98,060
97,980
65
68
72
77
83
0.99934
0.99931
0.99927
0.99922
0.99915
0.00066
0.00069
0.00073
0.00078
0.00085
47.26
46.29
45.32
44.35
43.39
85
86
87
88
89
47,759
43,903
39,908
35,808
31,648
45,831
41,906
37,858
33,728
29,570
3,856
3,995
4,100
4,160
4,156
0.91927
0.90901
0.89726
0.88383
0.86868
0.08073
0.09099
0.10274
0.11617
0.13132
6.47
6.00
5.55
5.13
4.74
40
41
42
43
44
97,938
97,848
97,748
97,638
97,515
97,893
97,798
97,693
97,577
97,447
90
100
110
123
137
0.99908
0.99898
0.99887
0.99874
0.99860
0.00092
0.00102
0.00113
0.00126
0.00140
42.42
41.46
40.50
39.55
38.60
90
91
92
93
94
27,492
23,427
19,552
15,963
12,739
25,460
21,490
17,758
14,351
11,336
4,065
3,875
3,589
3,224
2,807
0.85214
0.83460
0.81644
0.79802
0.77967
0.14786
0.16540
0.18356
0.20198
0.22033
4.38
4.05
3.75
3.48
3.24
45
46
47
48
49
97,378
97,227
97,061
96,879
96,679
97,303
97,144
96,970
96,779
96,570
151
166
182
200
218
0.99845
0.99829
0.99812
0.99794
0.99774
0.00155
0.00171
0.00188
0.00206
0.00226
37.65
36.71
35.77
34.84
33.91
95
96
97
98
99
9,932
7,552
5,591
4,023
2,808
8,742
6,572
4,807
3,416
2,353
2,380
1,961
1,568
1,215
911
0.76042
0.74032
0.71946
0.69789
0.67573
0.23958
0.25968
0.28054
0.30211
0.32427
3.01
2.81
2.61
2.44
2.28
100
1,897
1,568
658
0.65307
0.34693
2.13
Note: The 2000–2002 period life tables are derived from deaths registered in New Zealand during 2000–2002 of people resident in New Zealand
and the estimated resident population at 30 June 2001.
93
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 4.08
New Zealand Complete Period Life Table
2000–2002
(A) Mäori male population
Out of 100,000 males born
Exact
age
(years)
x
Probability that
a male who
reaches this age
Out of 100,000 males born
Expected
number of
years
of life
remaining
at age x
Exact
age
(years)
x
Number
alive
at exact
age
Average
number
alive in
the age
interval
Number
dying
in the
age
interval
Lives
another
year
Dies
within
a
year
lx
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
Probability that
a male who
reaches this age
Expected
number of
years
of life
remaining
at age x
Number
alive
at exact
age
Average
number
alive in
the age
interval
Number
dying
in the
age
interval
Lives
another
year
Dies
within
a
year
lx
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
0
1
2
3
4
100,000
99,163
99,066
99,018
98,976
99,339
99,115
99,042
98,997
98,958
837
97
48
42
36
0.99163
0.99902
0.99952
0.99958
0.99964
0.00837
0.00098
0.00048
0.00042
0.00036
68.99
68.57
67.64
66.67
65.70
50
51
52
53
54
89,823
89,040
88,175
87,223
86,179
89,432
88,608
87,699
86,701
85,609
783
865
952
1,044
1,140
0.99128
0.99028
0.98920
0.98803
0.98677
0.00872
0.00972
0.01080
0.01197
0.01323
23.04
22.24
21.46
20.68
19.93
5
6
7
8
9
98,940
98,909
98,882
98,859
98,839
98,925
98,896
98,871
98,849
98,831
31
27
23
20
17
0.99969
0.99973
0.99977
0.99980
0.99983
0.00031
0.00027
0.00023
0.00020
0.00017
64.72
63.74
62.76
61.78
60.79
55
56
57
58
59
85,039
83,799
82,455
81,005
79,446
84,419
83,127
81,730
80,226
78,611
1,240
1,344
1,450
1,559
1,671
0.98542
0.98396
0.98241
0.98075
0.97897
0.01458
0.01604
0.01759
0.01925
0.02103
19.19
18.47
17.76
17.07
16.39
10
11
12
13
14
98,822
98,807
98,791
98,770
98,738
98,815
98,799
98,781
98,754
98,713
15
16
21
32
50
0.99985
0.99984
0.99979
0.99968
0.99949
0.00015
0.00016
0.00021
0.00032
0.00051
59.80
58.81
57.82
56.83
55.85
60
61
62
63
64
77,775
75,992
74,098
72,092
69,975
76,884
75,045
73,095
71,034
68,861
1,783
1,894
2,006
2,117
2,228
0.97708
0.97507
0.97293
0.97063
0.96816
0.02292
0.02493
0.02707
0.02937
0.03184
15.73
15.09
14.46
13.85
13.26
15
16
17
18
19
98,688
98,613
98,514
98,396
98,264
98,651
98,564
98,455
98,330
98,193
75
99
118
132
142
0.99924
0.99900
0.99880
0.99866
0.99855
0.00076
0.00100
0.00120
0.00134
0.00145
54.87
53.92
52.97
52.03
51.10
65
66
67
68
69
67,747
65,408
62,960
60,404
57,744
66,578
64,184
61,682
59,074
56,364
2,339
2,448
2,556
2,660
2,760
0.96548
0.96257
0.95941
0.95596
0.95221
0.03452
0.03743
0.04059
0.04404
0.04779
12.68
12.11
11.56
11.03
10.52
20
21
22
23
24
98,122
97,972
97,817
97,660
97,501
98,047
97,895
97,739
97,581
97,421
150
155
157
159
161
0.99847
0.99842
0.99839
0.99837
0.99835
0.00153
0.00158
0.00161
0.00163
0.00165
50.18
49.25
48.33
47.41
46.48
70
71
72
73
74
54,984
52,133
49,199
46,198
43,151
53,559
50,666
47,699
44,675
41,617
2,851
2,934
3,001
3,047
3,069
0.94814
0.94372
0.93901
0.93404
0.92887
0.05186
0.05628
0.06099
0.06596
0.07113
10.02
9.54
9.08
8.64
8.21
25
26
27
28
29
97,340
97,178
97,014
96,847
96,677
97,259
97,096
96,931
96,762
96,590
162
164
167
170
175
0.99834
0.99831
0.99828
0.99824
0.99819
0.00166
0.00169
0.00172
0.00176
0.00181
45.56
44.63
43.71
42.78
41.86
75
76
77
78
79
40,082
37,018
33,987
31,018
28,137
38,550
35,503
32,503
29,578
26,754
3,064
3,031
2,969
2,881
2,767
0.92355
0.91812
0.91263
0.90713
0.90165
0.07645
0.08188
0.08737
0.09287
0.09835
7.80
7.41
7.02
6.65
6.28
30
31
32
33
34
96,502
96,323
96,138
95,948
95,751
96,413
96,231
96,043
95,850
95,649
179
185
190
197
204
0.99814
0.99808
0.99802
0.99795
0.99787
0.00186
0.00192
0.00198
0.00205
0.00213
40.93
40.01
39.08
38.16
37.24
80
81
82
83
84
25,370
22,731
20,207
17,764
15,387
24,051
21,469
18,986
16,576
14,251
2,639
2,524
2,443
2,377
2,272
0.89599
0.88895
0.87911
0.86619
0.85232
0.10401
0.11105
0.12089
0.13381
0.14768
5.91
5.53
5.16
4.80
4.47
35
36
37
38
39
95,547
95,336
95,116
94,886
94,643
95,442
95,226
95,001
94,765
94,514
211
220
230
243
258
0.99779
0.99769
0.99758
0.99744
0.99727
0.00221
0.00231
0.00242
0.00256
0.00273
36.32
35.39
34.47
33.56
32.64
85
86
87
88
89
13,115
10,984
9,026
7,266
5,721
12,050
10,005
8,146
6,494
5,060
2,131
1,958
1,760
1,545
1,323
0.83750
0.82172
0.80498
0.78730
0.76872
0.16250
0.17828
0.19502
0.21270
0.23128
4.16
3.86
3.59
3.34
3.11
40
41
42
43
44
94,385
94,107
93,804
93,472
93,105
94,246
93,956
93,638
93,289
92,901
278
303
332
367
408
0.99705
0.99678
0.99646
0.99607
0.99562
0.00295
0.00322
0.00354
0.00393
0.00438
31.73
30.82
29.92
29.02
28.14
90
91
92
93
94
4,398
3,295
2,402
1,700
1,167
3,847
2,849
2,051
1,434
971
1,103
893
702
533
392
0.74926
0.72898
0.70794
0.68621
0.66389
0.25074
0.27102
0.29206
0.31379
0.33611
2.90
2.70
2.52
2.35
2.19
45
46
47
48
49
92,697
92,242
91,733
91,164
90,529
92,470
91,988
91,449
90,847
90,176
455
509
569
635
706
0.99509
0.99448
0.99380
0.99304
0.99220
0.00491
0.00552
0.00620
0.00696
0.00780
27.26
26.39
25.53
24.69
23.86
95
96
97
98
99
775
497
307
182
104
636
402
245
143
81
278
190
125
78
47
0.64108
0.61788
0.59442
0.57085
0.54729
0.35892
0.38212
0.40558
0.42915
0.45271
2.05
1.92
1.80
1.69
1.59
100
57
44
27
0.52392
0.47608
1.48
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
94
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 4.08 continued
New Zealand Complete Period Life Table
2000–2002
(B) Mäori female population
Exact
age
(years)
x
Out of 100,000 females born
Probability that
a female who
reaches this age
Out of 100,000 females born
Expected
number of
years
of life
remaining
at age x
Exact
age
(years)
x
Number
alive
at exact
age
Average
number
alive in
the age
interval
Number
dying
in the
age
interval
Lives
another
year
Dies
within
a
year
lx
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
Probability that
a female who
reaches this age
Expected
number of
years
of life
remaining
at age x
Number
alive
at exact
age
Average
number
alive in
the age
interval
Number
dying
in the
age
interval
Lives
another
year
Dies
within
a
year
lx
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
0
1
2
3
4
100,000
99,274
99,198
99,163
99,132
99,410
99,236
99,181
99,148
99,119
726
76
35
31
27
0.99274
0.99923
0.99965
0.99969
0.99973
0.00726
0.00077
0.00035
0.00031
0.00027
73.18
72.72
71.77
70.80
69.82
50
51
52
53
54
93,248
92,633
91,955
91,211
90,400
92,941
92,294
91,583
90,806
89,960
615
678
744
811
880
0.99341
0.99268
0.99191
0.99111
0.99027
0.00659
0.00732
0.00809
0.00889
0.00973
26.04
25.21
24.39
23.59
22.79
5
6
7
8
9
99,105
99,082
99,062
99,044
99,028
99,094
99,072
99,053
99,036
99,021
23
20
18
16
15
0.99977
0.99980
0.99982
0.99984
0.99985
0.00023
0.00020
0.00018
0.00016
0.00015
68.84
67.85
66.87
65.88
64.89
55
56
57
58
59
89,520
88,567
87,534
86,414
85,200
89,044
88,051
86,974
85,807
84,541
953
1,033
1,120
1,214
1,318
0.98935
0.98834
0.98721
0.98595
0.98453
0.01065
0.01166
0.01279
0.01405
0.01547
22.01
21.24
20.49
19.75
19.02
10
11
12
13
14
99,013
98,999
98,984
98,967
98,946
99,006
98,992
98,976
98,957
98,933
14
15
17
21
26
0.99986
0.99985
0.99983
0.99979
0.99974
0.00014
0.00015
0.00017
0.00021
0.00026
63.90
62.91
61.92
60.93
59.94
60
61
62
63
64
83,882
82,449
80,892
79,201
77,371
83,166
81,671
80,047
78,286
76,387
1,433
1,557
1,691
1,830
1,968
0.98292
0.98112
0.97910
0.97690
0.97457
0.01708
0.01888
0.02090
0.02310
0.02543
18.31
17.62
16.95
16.30
15.68
15
16
17
18
19
98,920
98,886
98,843
98,794
98,740
98,903
98,865
98,819
98,767
98,711
34
43
49
54
58
0.99966
0.99957
0.99950
0.99945
0.99941
0.00034
0.00043
0.00050
0.00055
0.00059
58.96
57.98
57.00
56.03
55.06
65
66
67
68
69
75,403
73,303
71,080
68,749
66,327
74,353
72,192
69,915
67,538
65,081
2,100
2,223
2,331
2,422
2,493
0.97215
0.96968
0.96721
0.96477
0.96242
0.02785
0.03032
0.03279
0.03523
0.03758
15.07
14.49
13.93
13.38
12.85
20
21
22
23
24
98,682
98,622
98,560
98,497
98,433
98,652
98,591
98,529
98,465
98,400
60
62
63
64
66
0.99939
0.99937
0.99936
0.99935
0.99933
0.00061
0.00063
0.00064
0.00065
0.00067
54.09
53.13
52.16
51.19
50.23
70
71
72
73
74
63,834
61,293
58,725
56,146
53,562
62,564
60,009
57,436
54,854
52,269
2,541
2,568
2,579
2,584
2,587
0.96020
0.95811
0.95608
0.95398
0.95171
0.03980
0.04189
0.04392
0.04602
0.04829
12.34
11.83
11.32
10.82
10.32
25
26
27
28
29
98,367
98,298
98,225
98,146
98,062
98,333
98,262
98,186
98,104
98,016
69
73
79
84
92
0.99930
0.99926
0.99920
0.99914
0.99906
0.00070
0.00074
0.00080
0.00086
0.00094
49.26
48.29
47.33
46.37
45.41
75
76
77
78
79
50,975
48,383
45,780
43,160
40,515
49,679
47,082
44,470
41,838
39,177
2,592
2,603
2,620
2,645
2,676
0.94916
0.94621
0.94277
0.93872
0.93396
0.05084
0.05379
0.05723
0.06128
0.06604
9.81
9.31
8.81
8.32
7.83
30
31
32
33
34
97,970
97,871
97,764
97,650
97,528
97,921
97,818
97,707
97,589
97,463
99
107
114
122
130
0.99899
0.99891
0.99883
0.99875
0.99867
0.00101
0.00109
0.00117
0.00125
0.00133
44.45
43.49
42.54
41.59
40.64
80
81
82
83
84
37,839
35,127
32,367
29,544
26,659
36,483
33,747
30,956
28,102
25,214
2,712
2,760
2,823
2,885
2,891
0.92833
0.92142
0.91278
0.90236
0.89157
0.07167
0.07858
0.08722
0.09764
0.10843
7.35
6.88
6.42
5.99
5.58
35
36
37
38
39
97,398
97,262
97,119
96,968
96,808
97,330
97,191
97,044
96,888
96,723
136
143
151
160
171
0.99860
0.99853
0.99845
0.99835
0.99823
0.00140
0.00147
0.00155
0.00165
0.00177
39.69
38.75
37.80
36.86
35.92
85
86
87
88
89
23,768
20,913
18,138
15,485
12,995
22,341
19,526
16,812
14,240
11,850
2,855
2,775
2,653
2,490
2,291
0.87989
0.86729
0.85375
0.83922
0.82371
0.12011
0.13271
0.14625
0.16078
0.17629
5.20
4.84
4.50
4.19
3.89
40
41
42
43
44
96,637
96,450
96,244
96,013
95,753
96,544
96,347
96,129
95,883
95,605
187
206
231
260
297
0.99807
0.99786
0.99760
0.99729
0.99690
0.00193
0.00214
0.00240
0.00271
0.00310
34.98
34.05
33.12
32.20
31.29
90
91
92
93
94
10,704
8,640
6,823
5,261
3,954
9,672
7,732
6,042
4,608
3,423
2,064
1,817
1,562
1,307
1,063
0.80719
0.78966
0.77113
0.75160
0.73111
0.19281
0.21034
0.22887
0.24840
0.26889
3.62
3.37
3.13
2.91
2.71
45
46
47
48
49
95,456
95,117
94,731
94,293
93,800
95,287
94,924
94,512
94,047
93,524
339
386
438
493
552
0.99645
0.99594
0.99538
0.99477
0.99411
0.00355
0.00406
0.00462
0.00523
0.00589
30.38
29.49
28.61
27.74
26.88
95
96
97
98
99
2,891
2,052
1,410
936
599
2,472
1,731
1,173
768
484
839
642
474
337
230
0.70968
0.68735
0.66418
0.64024
0.61560
0.29032
0.31265
0.33582
0.35976
0.38440
2.52
2.34
2.18
2.04
1.90
100
369
294
151
0.59034
0.40966
1.77
Note: The 2000–2002 period life tables are derived from deaths registered in New Zealand during 2000–2002 of people resident in New Zealand
and the estimated resident population at 30 June 2001.
95
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 4.09
Mortality Rates by Age and Sex
Total population
New Zealand complete period life tables, 1950–2002
Age group
(years)
1950–52
1955–57
1960–62
1965–67
1970–72
1975–77
1980–82
1985–87
1990–92
1995–97
2000–02
1,185
66
31
40
152
181
154
141
163
243
410
765
1,228
2,030
3,291
5,278
8,271
12,706
18,924
30,366
929
59
28
35
128
193
152
138
175
219
360
610
1,038
1,678
2,781
4,430
7,054
11,458
16,752
27,445
726
44
21
25
117
156
140
132
142
188
304
526
894
1,485
2,434
3,937
6,303
10,251
16,718
28,901
611
40
16
26
87
115
120
122
137
180
266
420
696
1,175
1,989
3,314
5,415
9,014
15,271
27,924
972
53
27
25
54
62
64
75
108
161
287
471
736
1,141
1,768
2,945
4,918
8,158
13,806
26,051
672
38
22
18
51
56
53
70
100
155
265
434
652
978
1,537
2,525
4,093
7,335
12,177
23,613
633
36
16
21
51
57
52
62
86
130
219
372
590
904
1,402
2,255
3,772
6,679
11,902
23,481
520
34
15
16
35
43
46
57
74
115
189
302
492
794
1,228
1,934
3,308
5,880
10,729
22,846
Male (deaths per 100,000 in age group)
0
1–4
5–9
10–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80–84
85–89
90+
3,193
193
82
79
156
192
174
199
262
341
567
950
1,577
2,424
3,826
5,780
9,105
14,124
22,515
38,576
2,820
165
67
60
131
185
162
178
215
310
515
905
1,498
2,448
3,833
5,916
9,078
13,835
21,105
35,027
2,522
138
54
54
112
147
137
157
213
322
555
906
1,488
2,482
3,818
5,904
9,183
14,318
22,815
38,177
2,152
117
50
54
129
161
144
175
228
333
579
976
1,643
2,586
4,001
6,265
9,554
14,392
21,268
33,056
1,836
108
46
47
149
163
135
154
222
339
552
947
1,590
2,588
4,030
6,112
9,580
14,508
22,213
34,100
1,711
95
47
45
167
187
137
141
201
323
562
918
1,487
2,420
3,772
6,077
9,094
13,558
22,709
35,104
1,341
79
35
33
134
176
147
138
175
275
473
774
1,369
2,233
3,561
5,534
8,689
13,192
20,385
33,153
Female (deaths per 100,000 in age group)
0
1–4
5–9
10–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80–84
85-89
90+
2,594
166
56
50
83
101
119
140
195
284
467
700
1,064
1,637
2,520
4,194
7,218
11,853
19,879
36,028
2,124
145
41
49
60
70
81
102
169
242
388
625
909
1,449
2,375
3,902
6,670
11,279
18,219
32,497
1,915
107
40
35
51
58
70
103
159
227
358
550
870
1,385
2,173
3,773
6,655
11,265
18,563
32,341
1,569
98
30
31
47
57
72
91
138
243
381
590
884
1,400
2,213
3,575
6,098
10,507
17,910
30,053
1,473
88
34
31
59
60
64
95
149
239
377
559
836
1,318
2,111
3,513
6,036
10,315
17,839
30,382
1,243
78
32
32
60
64
68
88
131
243
367
535
813
1,276
1,942
3,361
5,421
9,076
15,686
29,565
96
1,091
64
24
25
62
68
60
78
113
194
353
489
784
1,162
1,975
3,055
4,973
8,568
13,915
26,329
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 4.10
Mortality Rates by Age and Sex
Mäori population
New Zealand complete period life tables, 1950–2002
Age group
(years)
1950–52
1955–57
1960–62
1965–67
1970–72
1975–77
1980–82
1985–87
1990–92
1995–97
2000–02
1,620
75
33
50
156
189
166
177
256
444
743
1,168
1,865
3,074
4,575
6,365
9,207
13,726
20,510
32,988
1,422
75
30
40
138
211
198
171
254
447
683
1,101
1,853
2,944
4,386
6,242
8,780
13,134
18,480
29,052
1,074
68
26
45
183
235
241
267
280
386
761
1,332
2,061
3,401
5,312
6,650
8,992
15,663
24,922
39,113
843
56
24
27
115
160
173
199
245
361
629
1,092
1,780
2,748
4,145
6,256
9,032
12,855
20,877
34,518
1,358
56
31
28
57
66
74
102
174
318
522
808
1,432
2,202
3,088
4,338
6,157
9,457
15,649
28,523
927
47
25
20
55
61
69
113
158
276
537
915
1,411
2,091
3,015
4,273
6,031
9,140
13,886
25,118
971
57
21
36
79
89
97
130
184
305
558
933
1,451
2,342
3,702
5,253
7,099
10,085
16,456
29,225
730
43
19
19
48
64
81
117
157
246
468
815
1,298
2,122
3,314
4,478
5,911
9,107
15,412
27,618
Male (deaths per 100,000 in age group)
0
1–4
5–9
10–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80–84
85–89
90+
8,556
759
214
170
366
523
543
639
802
926
1,283
2,101
3,017
4,586
6,192
8,277
11,703
17,435
26,653
42,585
7,097
513
225
148
259
324
412
516
593
714
1,158
1,882
2,671
4,570
6,354
8,213
10,457
14,700
22,430
37,574
5,141
377
128
116
211
301
378
451
583
804
1,337
1,857
2,488
4,476
6,498
7,918
10,443
15,643
25,209
43,029
3,431
244
96
80
208
266
236
348
512
700
989
1,590
2,907
4,633
5,761
7,735
12,629
19,334
27,179
38,200
2,550
208
84
84
218
306
289
372
557
831
1,293
2,016
3,265
4,675
6,166
8,083
10,533
16,064
25,972
40,717
2,007
118
69
54
171
267
256
240
418
732
1,168
1,781
2,598
3,962
6,142
7,544
10,813
15,200
20,270
34,115
1,857
93
41
42
161
230
219
236
324
543
880
1,489
2,433
3,642
5,358
7,675
10,322
14,595
22,632
35,792
Female (deaths per 100,000 in age group)
0
1–4
5–9
10–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80–84
85-89
90+
7,488
656
164
215
312
445
485
500
736
1,056
1,614
2,125
3,034
4,146
5,085
6,285
8,704
13,436
21,765
37,557
5,321
461
119
171
202
253
281
352
543
945
1,503
2,170
2,955
4,412
6,046
7,875
10,203
13,755
20,377
35,154
3,963
264
81
78
140
179
211
313
582
855
1,220
2,045
3,169
4,158
5,067
6,968
10,313
13,991
18,872
30,939
2,512
210
48
59
88
117
189
234
363
579
1,010
1,881
2,721
3,472
4,813
6,345
9,169
12,459
16,932
26,027
2,500
154
45
46
121
124
156
228
435
648
909
1,538
2,468
3,810
4,993
6,685
8,886
13,103
20,163
31,847
1,488
127
40
38
102
114
107
171
318
536
889
1,495
2,105
2,970
4,393
5,755
7,162
9,692
17,239
33,486
1,746
75
30
33
74
85
101
160
240
389
711
1,172
1,699
2,654
3,992
5,392
6,990
10,025
16,333
29,207
Note: Comparisons over time and between the Mäori and total populations should be interpreted with caution because of changes in ethnic
concept and data sources. The 1995–1997 and 2000–2002 life tables for the Mäori population have been constructed using data derived
from birth and death registration forms introduced in 1995, and are not comparable with those from earlier years.
97
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 4.11
Ratio of Male to Female Mortality Rates
Total and Mäori populations
New Zealand complete period life tables, 1950–2002
Age group
(years)
1950–52
1955–57
1960–62
1965–67
1970–72
1975–77
1980–82
1985–87
1990–92
1995–97
2000–02
1.4
1.2
1.5
1.4
2.8
2.9
2.0
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.5
1.3
2.2
2.6
2.5
1.8
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.6
1.7
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.1
1.6
2.8
2.9
2.4
1.9
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.2
2.0
2.5
3.4
2.9
2.0
1.8
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.2
2.3
2.7
2.7
2.1
1.7
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.6
2.5
2.7
2.6
2.1
1.9
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.3
0.9
1.7
1.4
1.7
2.3
2.4
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.3
2.2
2.7
2.2
1.5
1.3
1.4
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.1
1.8
2.7
2.9
2.2
1.7
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.5
1.6
1.2
2.0
2.5
3.4
2.9
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
2.3
2.6
2.5
2.1
1.5
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
2.4
2.5
2.1
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.3
Total
0
1–4
5–9
10–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80–84
85–89
90+
1.2
1.2
1.5
1.6
1.9
1.9
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.3
1.1
1.7
1.2
2.2
2.6
2.0
1.7
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.5
2.2
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.2
1.7
1.7
2.7
2.8
2.0
1.9
1.7
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.5
2.5
2.7
2.1
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.9
2.0
1.9
1.7
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.1
Mäori
0
1–4
5–9
10–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80–84
85-89
90+
1.1
1.2
1.3
0.8
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.1
0.9
0.8
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.1
1.9
0.9
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.1
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.8
1.4
1.0
0.9
1.1
0.9
0.8
1.1
1.3
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.2
2.0
1.3
2.4
2.3
1.2
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
1.1
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.0
1.4
1.9
1.8
1.8
2.5
1.9
1.6
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
Note: Comparisons over time and between the Mäori and total populations should be interpreted with caution because of changes in
ethnic concept and data sources. The 1995–1997 and 2000–2002 life tables for the Mäori population have been constructed using
data derived from birth and death registration forms introduced in 1995, and are not comparable with those from earlier years.
98
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 4.12
Ratio of Mäori to Total Mortality Rates
Male and female
New Zealand complete period life tables, 1950–2002
Age group
(years)
1950–52
1955–57
1960–62
1965–67
1970–72
1975–77
1980–82
1985–87
1990–92
1995–97
2000–02
1.2
1.2
1.5
1.2
1.0
1.4
1.9
1.7
2.1
2.3
2.1
1.9
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.2
1.2
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.9
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.4
1.1
1.1
1.3
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.3
1.6
1.8
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.5
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.3
1.2
1.5
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.5
1.5
1.2
1.8
1.6
1.5
1.7
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.5
2.5
2.3
2.3
2.2
1.7
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.0
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.3
2.1
1.9
1.7
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.6
1.3
1.2
1.7
1.8
1.6
1.9
2.4
2.2
2.4
2.8
2.6
2.3
2.3
1.7
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.6
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.7
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.4
2.2
2.3
2.0
1.8
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.4
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.6
2.0
1.8
1.7
1.9
1.9
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.4
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.3
1.6
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.7
1.5
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.5
1.6
1.3
1.7
1.5
1.6
1.9
2.1
2.1
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.3
1.9
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.8
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.5
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.3
1.8
1.5
1.4
1.2
Male
0
1–4
5–9
10–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80–84
85–89
90+
2.7
3.9
2.6
2.2
2.3
2.7
3.1
3.2
3.1
2.7
2.3
2.2
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.1
2.5
3.1
3.4
2.5
2.0
1.8
2.5
2.9
2.8
2.3
2.2
2.1
1.8
1.9
1.7
1.4
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
2.0
2.7
2.4
2.1
1.9
2.0
2.8
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.4
2.0
1.7
1.8
1.7
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.6
2.1
1.9
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.6
2.0
2.2
2.1
1.7
1.6
1.8
1.8
1.4
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.4
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.5
1.9
2.1
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.3
2.1
2.1
1.8
1.5
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
Female
0
1–4
5–9
10–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80–84
85–89
90+
2.9
4.0
2.9
4.3
3.8
4.4
4.1
3.6
3.8
3.7
3.5
3.0
2.9
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.0
2.5
3.2
2.9
3.5
3.4
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.2
3.9
3.9
3.5
3.3
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.2
1.1
1.1
2.1
2.5
2.0
2.2
2.7
3.1
3.0
3.0
3.7
3.8
3.4
3.7
3.6
3.0
2.3
1.8
1.5
1.2
1.0
1.0
1.6
2.1
1.6
1.9
1.9
2.1
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.4
2.7
3.2
3.1
2.5
2.2
1.8
1.5
1.2
0.9
0.9
1.7
1.8
1.3
1.5
2.1
2.1
2.4
2.4
2.9
2.7
2.4
2.8
3.0
2.9
2.4
1.9
1.5
1.3
1.1
1.0
Note: Comparisons over time and between the Mäori and total populations should be interpreted with caution because of
changes in ethnic concept and data sources. The 1995–1997 and 2000–2002 life tables for the Mäori and total populations
have been constructed using data derived from birth and death registration forms introduced in 1995, and are not comparable
with those from earlier years.
99
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 4.13
Number of Survivors at Selected Ages
Total population
New Zealand complete period life tables, 1950–2002
Exact age
(years)
1950–52
1955–57
1960–62
1965–67
1970–72
1975–77
1980–82
1985–87
1990–92
1995–97
2000–02
100,000
98,673
98,363
98,192
98,029
97,375
96,523
95,815
95,156
94,329
93,038
90,863
87,408
81,610
72,950
60,986
46,099
29,648
15,090
5,209
100,000
98,826
98,565
98,414
98,216
97,473
96,594
95,851
95,180
94,407
93,267
91,373
87,937
82,690
74,679
63,280
48,472
31,844
16,630
6,240
100,000
99,078
98,843
98,707
98,534
97,906
96,968
96,232
95,568
94,735
93,703
92,032
89,265
84,743
77,901
67,736
54,181
37,867
21,106
8,911
100,000
99,278
99,103
99,000
98,875
98,300
97,537
96,856
96,218
95,536
94,640
93,213
90,792
86,814
80,582
71,307
58,475
42,502
25,166
10,577
100,000
99,392
99,235
99,156
99,028
98,596
98,031
97,444
96,849
96,186
95,322
94,061
92,103
88,950
83,863
75,892
64,231
48,850
30,838
13,971
100,000
98,918
98,664
98,548
98,424
98,119
97,786
97,495
97,116
96,568
95,633
93,959
91,687
88,160
83,173
75,324
64,594
50,236
32,474
15,839
100,000
99,035
98,827
98,692
98,569
98,304
97,998
97,684
97,317
96,792
96,016
94,645
92,442
89,099
84,150
77,005
66,401
51,789
34,198
16,747
100,000
99,332
99,183
99,073
98,985
98,732
98,456
98,195
97,852
97,366
96,614
95,341
93,292
90,296
85,980
79,602
70,116
57,039
39,261
21,016
100,000
99,370
99,228
99,150
99,047
98,796
98,514
98,256
97,952
97,533
96,901
95,844
94,078
91,341
87,300
81,374
72,660
60,078
42,778
23,187
100,000
99,482
99,348
99,272
99,191
99,020
98,809
98,584
98,303
97,938
97,378
96,461
95,016
92,707
89,094
83,776
76,025
64,353
47,759
27,492
Male (per 100,000 born)
0
1
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
100,000
96,891
96,146
95,754
95,377
94,638
93,735
92,922
92,001
90,805
89,270
86,773
82,737
76,446
67,682
55,827
41,686
26,232
12,687
3,880
100,000
97,246
96,608
96,283
95,993
95,368
94,488
93,725
92,896
91,900
90,488
88,183
84,274
78,175
69,129
56,996
42,268
26,644
13,102
4,358
100,000
97,509
96,971
96,711
96,452
95,913
95,210
94,561
93,822
92,830
91,348
88,843
84,902
78,796
69,559
57,403
42,585
26,697
12,773
3,849
100,000
97,886
97,431
97,187
96,927
96,306
95,535
94,849
94,024
92,959
91,423
88,811
84,573
77,881
68,396
55,913
40,726
25,057
11,971
3,966
100,000
98,192
97,767
97,542
97,314
96,591
95,809
95,166
94,437
93,392
91,820
89,318
85,179
78,650
69,059
56,378
41,383
25,429
12,040
3,824
100,000
98,313
97,942
97,713
97,492
96,681
95,780
95,126
94,458
93,512
92,012
89,460
85,443
79,301
70,223
58,080
42,702
26,927
13,399
4,065
Female (per 100,000 born)
0
1
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
100,000
97,462
96,816
96,547
96,308
95,909
95,425
94,860
94,199
93,284
91,970
89,846
86,752
82,251
75,768
66,756
54,020
37,441
20,380
7,178
100,000
97,914
97,350
97,152
96,913
96,625
96,287
95,897
95,407
94,603
93,465
91,667
88,845
84,891
78,940
70,062
57,550
41,021
23,019
8,919
100,000
98,103
97,685
97,490
97,321
97,075
96,794
96,456
95,961
95,200
94,123
92,454
89,945
86,110
80,336
72,030
59,541
42,473
23,838
9,061
100,000
98,451
98,067
97,922
97,771
97,541
97,265
96,917
96,475
95,813
94,654
92,865
90,165
86,263
80,417
71,962
60,098
44,121
25,740
10,143
100,000
98,545
98,200
98,032
97,879
97,589
97,298
96,986
96,525
95,806
94,668
92,898
90,333
86,630
81,089
72,937
61,100
45,021
26,495
10,500
100,000
98,770
98,463
98,308
98,149
97,855
97,545
97,211
96,784
96,152
94,992
93,266
90,801
87,178
81,777
74,180
62,625
47,616
29,940
13,306
100
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 4.14
Number of Survivors at Selected Ages
Mäori population
New Zealand complete period life tables, 1950–2002
Exact age
(years)
1950–52
1955–57
1960–62
1965–67
1970–72
1975–77
1980–82
1985–87
1990–92
1995–97
2000–02
100,000
98,168
97,804
97,604
97,397
96,616
95,509
94,468
93,359
91,860
89,399
85,542
79,387
70,257
58,500
44,646
30,293
17,956
8,485
2,591
100,000
98,400
98,105
97,942
97,695
96,938
96,025
95,229
94,389
93,190
91,142
87,813
82,821
75,420
64,616
51,330
37,230
23,326
11,545
3,975
100,000
98,594
98,298
98,149
97,953
97,277
96,255
95,308
94,495
93,301
91,235
88,167
83,434
76,025
65,569
52,579
38,379
24,575
12,572
4,852
100,000
98,935
98,668
98,542
98,320
97,426
96,290
95,136
93,873
92,569
90,797
87,402
81,757
73,723
62,117
47,532
34,037
21,518
9,566
2,575
100,000
99,163
98,940
98,822
98,688
98,122
97,340
96,502
95,547
94,385
92,697
89,823
85,039
77,775
67,747
54,984
40,082
25,370
13,115
4,398
100,000
98,278
97,984
97,839
97,676
97,317
96,904
96,416
95,648
94,505
92,683
89,439
84,338
77,450
67,780
55,453
42,280
29,722
17,830
7,638
100,000
98,655
98,435
98,284
98,146
97,866
97,542
97,180
96,686
95,849
94,336
91,902
88,256
82,138
73,550
62,986
50,636
37,107
22,911
10,180
100,000
99,080
98,895
98,772
98,675
98,402
98,101
97,764
97,214
96,448
95,127
92,602
88,454
82,414
74,207
63,782
51,446
37,952
23,830
11,684
100,000
99,036
98,809
98,703
98,523
98,134
97,699
97,226
96,598
95,712
94,263
91,667
87,481
81,343
72,314
60,025
46,078
32,202
19,268
8,199
100,000
99,274
99,105
99,013
98,920
98,682
98,367
97,970
97,398
96,637
95,456
93,248
89,520
83,882
75,403
63,834
50,975
37,839
23,768
10,704
Male (per 100,000 born)
0
1
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
100,000
92,024
89,288
88,339
87,589
85,998
83,778
81,533
78,966
75,860
72,424
67,912
61,116
52,518
41,693
30,524
20,086
11,061
4,492
1,098
100,000
93,307
91,416
90,394
89,729
88,573
87,149
85,373
83,196
80,764
77,928
73,533
66,911
58,503
46,465
33,738
22,300
13,129
6,175
1,905
100,000
94,988
93,569
92,972
92,432
91,461
90,096
88,408
86,435
83,949
80,636
75,410
68,713
60,641
48,362
34,880
23,408
13,772
6,141
1,611
100,000
96,650
95,712
95,256
94,877
93,895
92,657
91,571
89,989
87,715
84,696
80,604
74,425
64,286
50,924
38,129
25,749
13,463
4,958
1,201
100,000
97,498
96,692
96,286
95,882
94,841
93,401
92,062
90,363
87,878
84,297
79,009
71,405
60,596
47,893
35,119
23,353
13,689
5,946
1,509
100,000
98,025
97,563
97,229
96,970
96,146
94,870
93,661
92,543
90,627
87,365
82,396
75,358
66,145
54,168
39,757
27,181
15,655
7,227
2,530
Female (per 100,000 born)
0
1
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
100,000
92,960
90,565
89,825
88,863
87,488
85,564
83,515
81,454
78,508
74,462
68,677
61,737
53,013
43,049
33,351
24,304
15,628
7,832
2,495
100,000
94,909
93,179
92,624
91,833
90,910
89,768
88,514
86,968
84,634
80,721
74,862
67,143
57,883
46,355
34,188
22,983
13,713
6,800
2,346
100,000
96,114
95,106
94,722
94,355
93,699
92,863
91,888
90,461
87,862
84,182
79,191
71,463
60,950
49,463
38,361
26,955
15,968
7,834
2,964
100,000
97,531
96,714
96,483
96,198
95,775
95,218
94,322
93,223
91,545
88,928
84,539
76,920
67,115
56,370
44,257
32,133
20,189
10,718
4,500
100,000
97,547
96,949
96,732
96,508
95,924
95,333
94,593
93,521
91,505
88,585
84,641
78,355
69,221
57,153
44,469
31,746
20,251
10,334
3,635
100,000
98,529
98,031
97,833
97,648
97,149
96,594
96,077
95,258
93,752
91,269
87,295
80,989
72,883
62,776
50,335
37,675
26,295
16,017
6,496
Note: Comparisons over time and between Mäori and Total should be interpreted with caution because of changes in ethnic concept and data
sources. The 1995–1997 and 2000–2002 life tables for the Mäori population have been constructed using data derived from birth and death
registration forms introduced in 1995, and are not comparable with those from earlier years.
101
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 4.15
Life Expectancy at Selected Ages
Total population
New Zealand complete period life tables, 1950–2002
Exact age
(years)
1950–52
1955–57
1960–62
1965–67
1970–72
1975–77
1980–82
1985–87
1990–92
1995–97
2000–02
Male (years of life)
0
1
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
67.2
68.3
64.9
60.1
55.3
50.7
46.2
41.6
37.0
32.4
27.9
23.7
19.7
16.1
12.8
10.0
7.6
5.5
3.9
2.6
68.0
68.9
65.4
60.6
55.8
51.1
46.6
41.9
37.3
32.7
28.1
23.8
19.8
16.1
12.9
10.1
7.7
5.7
4.1
2.9
68.4
69.2
65.5
60.7
55.9
51.2
46.5
41.8
37.1
32.5
28.0
23.7
19.7
16.0
12.8
9.9
7.5
5.5
3.9
2.6
68.2
68.7
65.0
60.1
55.3
50.6
46.0
41.3
36.7
32.1
27.5
23.3
19.3
15.7
12.6
9.8
7.5
5.6
4.1
3.0
68.5
68.8
65.1
60.2
55.4
50.8
46.2
41.5
36.8
32.1
27.6
23.3
19.4
15.7
12.6
9.8
7.4
5.5
4.0
2.9
69.0
69.2
65.5
60.6
55.7
51.2
46.6
41.9
37.2
32.6
28.1
23.8
19.8
16.1
12.8
10.0
7.6
5.7
3.9
2.8
70.4
70.3
66.5
61.6
56.7
52.1
47.5
42.9
38.1
33.5
28.9
24.5
20.4
16.6
13.3
10.4
7.9
5.9
4.3
3.0
71.1
71.0
67.1
62.2
57.4
52.8
48.2
43.6
38.9
34.2
29.6
25.1
21.0
17.1
13.7
10.7
8.2
6.1
4.5
3.3
72.9
72.5
68.7
63.8
58.9
54.3
49.8
45.1
40.4
35.8
31.1
26.6
22.4
18.4
14.8
11.6
8.9
6.6
5.0
3.6
74.4
73.9
70.1
65.1
60.2
55.6
51.0
46.3
41.6
36.9
32.2
27.7
23.3
19.3
15.6
12.2
9.3
6.9
4.9
3.5
76.3
75.8
71.9
67.0
62.0
57.3
52.6
47.9
43.2
38.5
33.8
29.2
24.8
20.6
16.7
13.1
10.0
7.4
5.2
3.6
76.4
76.3
72.5
67.5
62.6
57.8
53.0
48.1
43.3
38.6
33.9
29.5
25.1
21.0
17.1
13.6
10.5
7.7
5.5
3.8
77.1
76.8
73.0
68.1
63.2
58.3
53.5
48.7
43.9
39.1
34.4
29.8
25.5
21.3
17.4
13.8
10.6
7.8
5.6
3.8
78.7
78.3
74.4
69.5
64.5
59.7
54.8
50.0
45.1
40.4
35.6
31.1
26.7
22.5
18.5
14.8
11.4
8.4
6.1
4.2
79.7
79.2
75.3
70.3
65.4
60.6
55.7
50.9
46.0
41.2
36.5
31.8
27.4
23.1
19.1
15.3
11.8
8.7
6.2
4.3
81.1
80.5
76.6
71.7
66.8
61.9
57.0
52.1
47.3
42.4
37.7
33.0
28.4
24.1
20.0
16.1
12.4
9.2
6.5
4.4
6.0
5.9
5.3
4.8
Female (years of life)
0
1
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
71.3
72.1
68.6
63.8
58.9
54.2
49.4
44.7
40.0
35.4
30.8
26.5
22.4
18.4
14.8
11.4
8.5
6.2
4.2
2.8
73.0
73.5
69.9
65.1
60.2
55.4
50.6
45.8
41.0
36.3
31.7
27.3
23.1
19.1
15.3
11.9
8.9
6.4
4.6
3.1
73.8
74.2
70.5
65.6
60.7
55.9
51.0
46.2
41.4
36.7
32.1
27.7
23.4
19.3
15.5
11.9
8.9
6.4
4.5
3.1
74.3
74.5
70.8
65.9
61.0
56.1
51.2
46.4
41.6
36.9
32.3
27.9
23.6
19.6
15.8
12.4
9.3
6.7
4.7
3.3
74.6
74.7
71.0
66.1
61.2
56.3
51.5
46.7
41.9
37.2
32.6
28.1
23.9
19.8
15.9
12.4
9.3
6.7
4.7
3.3
75.5
75.4
71.6
66.7
61.8
57.0
52.2
47.4
42.6
37.8
33.2
28.8
24.5
20.4
16.6
13.0
9.9
7.3
5.0
3.4
Female minus male life expectancy at birth (years)
4.1
5.0
5.3
6.1
6.0
6.4
102
6.1
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 4.16
Life Expectancy at Selected Ages
Mäori population
New Zealand complete period life tables, 1950–2002
Exact age
(years)
1950–52
1955–57
1960–62
1965–67
1970–72
1975–77
1980–82
1985–87
1990–92
1995–97
2000–02
Male (years of life)
0
1
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
54.0
57.7
55.4
51.0
46.4
42.2
38.3
34.2
30.3
26.4
22.5
18.9
15.7
12.8
10.5
8.4
6.5
4.8
3.4
2.3
57.2
60.3
57.5
53.1
48.5
44.1
39.8
35.6
31.4
27.3
23.2
19.4
16.1
13.0
10.7
8.8
7.1
5.4
3.9
2.7
59.0
61.1
58.0
53.4
48.7
44.2
39.8
35.5
31.3
27.1
23.1
19.6
16.2
13.0
10.7
8.8
7.0
5.1
3.5
2.3
61.4
62.6
59.2
54.4
49.6
45.1
40.7
36.1
31.7
27.5
23.4
19.4
15.8
12.9
10.6
8.3
6.1
4.5
3.4
2.6
61.0
61.5
58.0
53.3
48.5
44.0
39.6
35.1
30.8
26.6
22.6
18.9
15.6
13.0
10.7
8.7
6.9
5.0
3.5
2.5
63.3
63.6
59.9
55.1
50.3
45.7
41.2
36.7
32.2
27.8
23.7
20.0
16.6
13.5
11.0
9.0
7.1
5.5
4.2
2.9
65.1
65.3
61.5
56.6
51.7
47.1
42.7
38.1
33.5
29.0
24.8
20.7
17.1
14.0
11.3
9.1
7.2
5.5
3.9
2.8
67.4
67.5
63.7
58.8
54.0
49.4
44.8
40.2
35.5
30.9
26.6
22.5
18.7
15.2
12.3
9.9
7.7
5.8
4.2
3.0
68.0
67.9
64.1
59.2
54.3
49.7
45.2
40.6
35.9
31.4
27.0
22.9
19.0
15.6
12.7
10.2
8.0
6.1
4.6
3.4
66.6
66.3
62.5
57.6
52.7
48.1
43.7
39.2
34.7
30.1
25.6
21.5
17.8
14.5
11.7
9.5
7.3
5.2
3.6
2.6
69.0
68.6
64.7
59.8
54.9
50.2
45.6
40.9
36.3
31.7
27.3
23.0
19.2
15.7
12.7
10.0
7.8
5.9
4.2
2.9
69.5
69.7
65.9
61.0
56.1
51.3
46.5
41.7
37.1
32.5
28.1
24.0
20.3
16.8
13.9
11.4
9.1
7.0
5.0
3.4
72.3
72.3
68.5
63.6
58.6
53.8
49.0
44.1
39.4
34.7
30.2
25.9
21.9
18.3
15.1
12.2
9.6
7.2
5.1
3.5
73.0
72.7
68.8
63.9
58.9
54.1
49.2
44.4
39.6
34.9
30.4
26.1
22.2
18.7
15.4
12.6
10.0
7.6
5.6
4.0
71.3
71.0
67.2
62.2
57.3
52.5
47.8
43.0
38.3
33.6
29.1
24.8
20.9
17.2
14.1
11.4
9.1
6.9
4.9
3.4
73.2
72.7
68.8
63.9
59.0
54.1
49.3
44.4
39.7
35.0
30.4
26.0
22.0
18.3
15.1
12.3
9.8
7.3
5.2
3.6
4.9
5.0
4.7
4.2
Female (years of life)
0
1
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
55.9
59.1
56.6
52.1
47.6
43.3
39.2
35.1
30.9
27.0
23.3
20.1
17.0
14.4
12.2
10.0
7.8
5.7
4.0
2.7
58.7
60.8
57.9
53.2
48.7
44.1
39.7
35.2
30.8
26.6
22.7
19.3
16.2
13.4
11.1
9.1
7.4
5.7
4.2
2.8
61.4
62.8
59.5
54.7
49.9
45.2
40.6
36.0
31.6
27.4
23.5
19.8
16.7
14.1
11.8
9.5
7.4
5.9
4.5
3.2
64.8
65.4
62.0
57.1
52.3
47.5
42.7
38.1
33.5
29.1
24.9
21.0
17.8
15.1
12.5
10.2
8.1
6.4
5.0
3.8
65.0
65.6
62.0
57.1
52.2
47.5
42.8
38.1
33.5
29.2
25.1
21.1
17.6
14.6
12.1
9.9
7.9
5.9
4.3
3.1
67.7
67.8
64.1
59.2
54.3
49.6
44.9
40.1
35.4
30.9
26.7
22.8
19.4
16.2
13.4
11.1
9.0
6.9
4.7
3.0
Female minus male life expectancy at birth (years)
1.8
1.5
2.3
3.3
4.0
4.4
4.4
Note: Comparisons over time and between the Mäori and total populations should be interpreted with caution because of changes
in ethnic concept and data sources. The 1995–1997 and 2000–2002 life tables for the Mäori population have been constructed
using data derived from birth and death registration forms introduced in 1995, and are not comparable with those from earlier years.
103
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 4.17
Life Expectancy at Selected Ages
Regional council areas
1995–1997 and 2000–2002
1995–97
Regional council area(1)
Life expectancy at birth
Male
Female
Female
- male
2000–02
Life expectancy at age 65
Male
Female
Life expectancy at birth
Female
- male
Male
Female
Life expectancy at age 65
Female
- male
Male
Female
Female
- male
Years of life
Northland Region
72.8
78.6
5.8
15.3
18.8
3.5
74.0
80.1
6.1
15.7
19.8
4.1
Auckland Region
75.2
80.2
5.0
16.1
19.4
3.3
77.5
82.1
4.6
17.4
20.8
3.4
Waikato Region
74.3
80.0
5.7
15.7
19.8
4.1
75.9
81.0
5.1
16.7
20.1
3.4
Bay of Plenty Region
73.0
79.2
6.2
15.3
19.1
3.9
75.4
80.5
5.2
16.4
20.2
3.8
Gisborne Region
70.7
76.4
5.7
13.8
17.5
3.7
72.6
78.9
6.3
14.6
18.7
4.1
Hawke's Bay Region
73.3
78.9
5.6
15.3
19.1
3.8
75.4
79.8
4.4
16.6
19.3
2.7
Taranaki Region
74.9
80.3
5.4
16.1
19.9
3.8
75.9
80.6
4.6
16.9
19.8
3.0
Manawatu-Wanganui Region
73.8
79.0
5.3
15.1
18.9
3.7
75.2
79.9
4.7
16.2
19.5
3.3
Wellington Region
74.8
79.9
5.2
15.6
19.0
3.4
76.9
81.6
4.8
16.8
20.1
3.3
Tasman Region
74.8
80.6
5.8
15.8
18.9
3.2
77.2
82.0
4.8
17.1
20.9
3.8
Nelson Region
75.8
79.4
3.6
16.5
18.6
2.2
76.1
81.4
5.4
17.1
20.7
3.6
Marlborough Region
74.4
79.6
5.2
15.2
18.9
3.8
76.8
80.6
3.8
16.8
19.5
2.6
West Coast Region
72.3
78.4
6.0
14.1
18.1
4.0
74.2
81.4
7.1
15.2
20.0
4.7
Canterbury Region
75.0
80.4
5.4
15.6
19.3
3.7
77.0
82.2
5.1
17.1
20.6
3.5
Otago Region
74.7
80.4
5.7
15.5
19.6
4.1
76.8
81.7
4.8
16.7
20.0
3.3
Southland Region
73.3
79.0
5.7
14.4
18.7
4.3
74.5
80.1
5.6
15.5
19.0
3.4
North Island(2)
74.4
79.7
5.3
15.7
19.2
3.6
76.4
81.2
4.8
16.8
20.2
3.4
South Island(3)
74.7
80.2
5.5
15.5
19.2
3.8
76.6
81.7
5.1
16.8
20.2
3.5
New Zealand(4)(5)
74.4
79.8
5.4
15.6
19.2
3.6
76.5
81.4
4.9
16.8
20.2
3.4
(1) Regional council boundaries at 30 June 2001.
(2) Sum of North Island regions.
(3) Sum of South Island regions.
(4) Data from abridged period life tables. These may differ to data from complete period life tables.
(5) North Island and South Island regions plus areas not included in a region (eg Chatham Islands Territory).
104
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 4.18
Life Expectancy at Selected Ages
Selected territorial authority areas
1995–1997 and 2000–2002
1995–97
Territorial authority area(1)
Life expectancy at birth
Male
Female
Female
- male
2000–02
Life expectancy at age 65
Male
Female
Female
- male
Life expectancy at birth
Male
Female
Female
- male
Life expectancy at age 65
Male
Female
Female
- male
Years of life
Far North District
71.8
77.4
5.6
14.8
18.4
3.6
73.3
80.2
6.9
15.4
19.9
4.5
Whangarei District
73.5
79.2
5.7
15.6
18.9
3.3
74.8
80.3
5.5
16.1
20.0
3.9
Rodney District
76.0
80.7
4.8
15.9
19.6
3.6
78.5
82.5
4.0
17.7
21.3
3.6
North Shore City
76.9
81.6
4.7
16.6
20.2
3.5
79.1
83.6
4.5
18.2
21.4
3.3
Waitakere City
74.6
80.1
5.5
15.9
19.8
3.8
77.7
81.7
4.0
17.8
20.5
2.7
Auckland City
74.8
80.1
5.3
15.7
19.1
3.4
77.7
82.4
4.8
17.3
20.8
3.4
Manukau City
75.0
79.6
4.6
16.3
19.3
3.1
76.2
81.5
5.2
16.9
20.7
3.8
Papakura District
73.3
79.3
6.0
15.3
18.9
3.6
76.2
79.8
3.6
16.7
19.6
2.9
Franklin District
74.4
79.3
4.9
15.9
19.7
3.8
77.0
80.7
3.6
17.0
20.3
3.3
Thames-Coromandel District
74.5
80.9
6.4
15.8
20.1
4.3
77.0
82.9
5.9
16.8
20.6
3.8
Hamilton City
74.7
80.2
5.5
15.8
19.8
3.9
76.7
81.9
5.2
17.0
20.8
3.8
Waipa District
74.1
78.9
4.8
15.1
19.4
4.3
76.1
80.4
4.3
16.7
19.5
2.9
Western Bay of Plenty District
73.4
80.8
7.4
15.9
19.8
3.9
75.7
81.9
6.2
16.8
20.7
3.9
Tauranga City
75.0
80.4
5.4
15.9
20.1
4.2
76.7
82.5
5.8
17.3
21.2
4.0
Rotorua District
71.7
78.1
6.5
14.2
18.2
4.0
74.0
78.5
4.5
15.3
19.0
3.7
Whakatane District
72.5
76.8
4.3
15.2
17.9
2.7
74.4
78.2
3.9
15.4
19.0
3.5
Gisborne District
70.7
76.4
5.7
13.8
17.5
3.7
72.6
78.9
6.3
14.6
18.7
4.1
Hastings District
73.5
78.5
5.1
15.5
18.7
3.2
75.9
80.5
4.6
16.6
19.7
3.0
Napier City
73.4
79.7
6.3
15.0
19.9
4.8
75.5
80.1
4.6
16.6
19.4
2.8
New Plymouth District
75.2
80.7
5.5
15.9
19.9
4.0
76.5
81.0
4.5
17.3
20.0
2.7
Wanganui District
72.5
78.4
5.9
14.9
18.5
3.6
74.3
78.5
4.2
16.1
19.2
3.1
Palmerston North City
75.5
79.7
4.2
16.0
19.2
3.2
77.5
81.7
4.2
17.3
20.3
3.0
Horowhenua District
72.0
77.2
5.1
14.1
17.9
3.7
73.4
77.8
4.5
14.7
18.2
3.5
Kapiti Coast District
74.8
81.6
6.8
15.1
20.3
5.2
77.6
82.3
4.6
17.5
20.9
3.5
Porirua City
72.2
77.2
5.1
14.5
17.1
2.6
73.2
79.7
6.6
15.1
18.9
3.8
Upper Hutt City
74.4
78.4
4.0
14.8
17.5
2.7
76.9
80.2
3.3
16.6
18.7
2.1
Lower Hutt City
74.5
78.9
4.3
15.7
18.3
2.6
76.3
80.9
4.7
16.5
19.9
3.5
Wellington City
75.4
81.2
5.7
15.7
19.6
3.9
78.0
82.5
4.5
17.2
20.1
2.9
Tasman District
74.8
80.6
5.8
15.8
18.9
3.2
77.2
82.0
4.8
17.1
20.9
3.8
Nelson City
75.8
79.4
3.6
16.5
18.6
2.2
76.1
81.4
5.4
17.1
20.7
3.6
Marlborough District
74.4
79.6
5.2
15.2
18.9
3.8
76.8
80.6
3.8
16.8
19.5
2.6
Christchurch City
74.8
80.2
5.4
15.6
19.3
3.7
77.1
82.0
4.9
17.0
20.4
3.4
Timaru District
74.4
80.2
5.8
15.0
18.6
3.6
75.9
80.6
4.8
16.6
19.6
3.0
Dunedin City
74.3
79.9
5.7
15.2
19.2
4.0
76.6
81.3
4.7
16.5
19.7
3.2
Invercargill City
73.5
78.4
5.0
14.5
18.3
3.7
73.2
79.2
6.0
14.5
18.1
3.6
(1) Territorial authority boundaries at 30 June 2001.
Note:
(a) There are 35 territorial authority areas for which death and population numbers are considered sufficient to produce reliable abridged
period life tables for 1995–1997 and 2000–2002. Nevertheless, because of fluctuations in death and population numbers, these abridged period life
tables should be interpreted with caution.
(b) These figures are based on the New Zealand complete period life tables.
105
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 4.19
Life Expectancy at Birth
New Zealand and selected countries
Latest available period
Country
Period
Australia
Canada
Life expectancy at birth (years)
Male
Female
Female - male
2004–2006
78.7
83.5
4.8
2004
77.8
82.6
4.8
Denmark
2004–2005
75.6
80.2
4.6
England and Wales
2003–2005
76.9
81.1
4.2
Finland
2005
75.5
82.3
6.8
France
2006
77.2 P
84.1 P
6.9
Hong Kong (SAR)
2006
79.4 R
85.6
6.2
Japan
2005
78.6
85.5
7.0
Netherlands
2005
77.2
81.6
4.4
NEW ZEALAND (1)
Norway
2004–2006
77.9
81.9
4.1
2005
77.7
82.5
4.8
Singapore
2005
77.9
81.6
3.7
Scotland
2004–2006
74.6
79.6
4.9
Sweden
2006
78.7
82.9
4.2
United States
2004
75.2
80.4
5.2
(1) Abridged period life table 2004–2006.
Note: Sources for international data are located in the references section at the end of this publication.
106
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 4.20
Cohort Life Expectancy
At selected ages, by sex
Birth cohorts 1876–1932
Year of birth
Male life expectancy at exact age (years)
0
1
15
45
50.4
51.1
51.0
50.7
52.2
52.0
52.1
52.2
53.1
52.4
52.1
52.5
53.4
52.9
52.0
51.1
50.9
50.9
50.9
51.6
53.2
55.1
56.0
56.7
58.2
58.8
59.0
59.6
60.0
60.2
60.3
59.7
61.2
61.2
61.4
62.0
62.1
61.9
62.2
62.1
62.5
62.5
61.9
62.3
64.4
64.2
65.4
66.6
67.5
68.3
68.6
69.0
69.3
69.6
70.2
70.4
70.8
57.8
57.9
58.0
58.3
59.0
58.8
58.8
59.0
59.1
59.0
58.8
58.5
58.7
58.3
57.8
57.4
57.1
56.8
56.5
57.2
58.4
60.4
62.1
63.1
63.7
64.3
65.0
65.1
65.0
64.9
65.1
65.3
65.6
65.4
65.6
65.6
65.5
65.5
65.4
65.4
65.7
65.4
65.0
65.3
67.6
67.4
68.4
69.6
70.4
71.1
71.4
71.8
72.1
72.3
72.8
73.0
73.2
50.8
50.8
50.6
50.7
51.0
50.8
50.5
50.5
50.4
50.2
49.8
49.3
49.2
49.0
48.4
47.9
47.5
46.6
46.2
46.8
48.0
50.2
52.0
52.9
53.4
53.9
54.3
54.2
54.1
54.2
54.5
54.5
54.6
54.3
54.4
54.5
54.5
54.5
54.5
54.3
54.5
54.1
53.6
54.0
55.9
55.7
56.7
58.0
58.8
59.4
59.7
60.0
60.4
60.7
61.2
61.4
61.6
27.7
27.7
27.5
27.6
27.7
27.7
27.6
27.7
27.7
27.7
27.7
27.5
27.6
27.7
27.7
27.6
27.8
27.6
27.5
27.6
27.6
27.7
27.8
27.6
27.9
28.1
28.3
28.2
28.2
28.2
28.5
28.5
28.5
28.5
28.7
29.0
29.1
29.3
29.5
29.8
30.3
30.3
30.4
30.7
31.3
31.3
31.7
31.8
32.0
32.3
32.4
32.8
33.2
33.4
33.8
34.0
34.3
Female life expectancy at exact age (years)
65
0
1
15
45
65
54.0
54.5
55.1
54.6
56.3
56.2
56.3
56.6
58.1
57.3
57.5
59.2
59.8
59.1
59.1
58.9
59.6
60.5
60.9
61.1
62.2
62.2
62.5
61.8
63.1
63.8
63.9
65.0
65.6
66.2
66.4
66.2
67.8
68.4
68.1
69.0
69.9
69.6
70.5
70.6
71.2
71.7
71.8
71.5
72.9
73.0
73.3
73.2
73.9
74.2
74.2
74.7
75.3
75.5
75.4
75.8
75.8
60.9
60.8
61.4
61.5
62.5
62.4
62.7
63.2
63.8
63.8
64.1
64.8
64.9
64.7
65.0
64.9
65.4
66.2
66.6
66.9
67.3
67.4
68.1
67.8
68.1
68.8
69.4
70.0
69.9
70.2
70.8
71.0
71.5
71.9
71.7
72.0
72.7
72.9
73.2
73.4
74.0
74.4
74.5
74.3
75.9
75.7
75.7
75.7
76.4
76.6
76.6
77.0
77.3
77.5
77.5
77.7
78.0
53.6
53.7
54.0
54.0
54.4
54.5
54.6
54.8
55.2
55.3
55.4
55.8
55.8
55.8
56.1
55.9
56.2
56.4
56.6
56.9
57.2
57.4
57.9
57.6
58.0
58.5
58.8
59.1
59.3
59.7
60.2
60.2
60.7
60.9
60.9
61.0
61.8
62.0
62.2
62.5
62.9
63.1
63.3
63.2
64.2
64.1
64.2
64.3
64.9
65.0
65.0
65.2
65.4
65.6
65.6
65.8
66.3
30.3
30.3
30.4
30.5
30.7
30.8
30.8
30.8
31.1
31.3
31.4
31.6
31.5
31.6
31.7
31.8
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.1
32.3
32.5
33.0
32.5
32.7
33.0
33.3
33.5
33.5
33.7
34.0
34.0
34.4
34.6
34.5
34.5
35.0
35.2
35.3
35.6
35.8
35.9
36.1
36.0
36.7
36.7
36.6
36.7
37.0
37.2
37.2
37.3
37.5
37.6
37.5
37.7
38.1
15.1
15.0
15.1
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.7
15.9
16.1
16.1
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.4
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.6
16.9
16.5
16.6
17.0
17.1
17.3
17.3
17.5
17.8
17.7
18.0
18.2
18.1
18.3
18.6
18.8
18.8
19.2
19.3
19.5
19.6
19.7
20.1
20.1
20.0
20.2
20.5
20.6
20.6
20.7
20.8
20.9
20.9
21.0
21.2
Years of life
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899 R
1900 R
1901 R
1902 R
1903 R
1904 R
1905 R
1906 R
1907 R
1908 R
1909 R
1910 R
1911 R
1912 R
1913 R
1914 R
1915 R
1916 R
1917 R
1918 R
1919 R
1920 R
1921 R
1922 R
1923 R
1924 R
1925 R
1926 R
1927 R
1928 R
1929 R
1930 R
1931 R
1932
12.9
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.1
13.1
13.1
13.0
13.0
12.9
12.9
12.8
12.9
12.9
12.9
12.7
12.8
12.8
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.8
12.7
12.8
12.9
13.1
13.0
13.1
13.2
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
14.1
14.2
14.5
14.8
15.0
15.4
15.6
15.6
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.6
16.9
17.1
17.2
17.2
17.6
17.7
17.8
18.3
18.4
18.8
Note:
(a) The life expectancies for 1906–1932 birth cohorts are partly based on projected mortality experiences at ages above
74 years.
(b) These figures are based on the New Zealand cohort life tables.
107
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 4.21
Age by which 25, 50 and 75 Percent of Birth Cohort Have Died
By sex
Birth cohorts 1876–1939
Female quartiles
Male quartiles
Year of birth
25 percent
(Q1)
50 percent
(Q2)
17.3
20.3
20.5
19.4
25.6
24.9
27.0
28.3
31.6
29.8
29.1
29.3
29.1
28.0
26.6
25.2
24.3
23.7
23.0
22.3
22.1
28.3
36.7
41.9
46.7
48.5
49.5
50.7
51.4
52.3
52.2
50.8
53.8
53.4
53.4
54.0
53.8
53.1
53.0
52.3
52.4
52.1
50.3
50.7
55.3
54.5
56.5
58.2
59.3
60.3
60.9
61.2
61.6
62.1
62.5
62.6
62.9
63.0
63.2
63.2
63.1
64.5
64.5
66.1
63.0
63.4
63.1
62.7
64.1
63.9
63.8
64.0
64.6
64.2
64.0
64.0
64.5
64.3
63.7
63.1
62.8
62.5
62.5
63.4
64.9
66.5
67.3
67.7
68.6
69.0
69.1
69.3
69.3
69.3
69.5
69.2
69.9
69.6
70.1
70.2
70.5
70.4
70.4
70.5
71.0
71.1
70.6
71.2
72.7
72.6
73.4
74.3
74.9
75.5
75.9
76.6
77.1
77.4
78.1
78.3
78.8
75 percent
(Q3)
25 percent
(Q1)
50 percent
(Q2)
75 percent
(Q3)
22.6
24.6
26.1
24.4
30.5
29.7
30.2
31.3
35.2
32.9
32.7
38.0
40.5
37.8
37.5
36.5
38.7
42.6
44.8
45.4
48.3
48.3
48.4
47.6
51.5
52.9
52.9
55.5
57.1
58.1
58.6
58.2
60.8
61.1
61.0
62.0
63.3
62.7
63.9
63.7
64.7
65.2
65.4
64.7
66.5
66.7
67.0
66.6
67.6
67.8
67.9
68.5
69.2
69.4
69.2
69.9
70.3
69.5
67.1
67.5
68.0
67.8
69.2
69.1
69.2
69.4
70.7
70.5
70.6
71.6
71.8
71.7
72.0
71.7
72.2
72.7
72.9
73.1
73.7
73.7
74.3
73.7
74.3
74.8
75.1
75.6
75.9
76.4
76.9
76.6
77.6
77.8
77.4
77.9
78.8
78.9
79.3
79.5
80.0
80.4
80.5
80.4
81.6
81.5
81.7
81.8
82.4
82.5
82.6
82.8
83.1
83.3
83.3
83.5
83.8
80.8
80.7
80.8
80.9
81.5
81.6
81.7
81.7
82.2
82.3
82.4
82.9
83.1
82.9
83.0
83.0
83.3
83.5
83.6
83.8
84.2
84.4
84.8
84.2
84.6
85.1
85.3
85.7
85.6
86.1
86.5
86.5
87.1
87.3
87.2
87.7
88.2
88.5
88.6
89.1
89.2
89.4
89.7
89.7
90.3
90.3
90.3
90.4
90.8
90.9
90.9
91.1
91.2
91.4
91.3
91.4
91.7
Age (years)
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901 R
1902 R
1903 R
1904 R
1905 R
1906 R
1907 R
1908 R
1909 R
1910 R
1911 R
1912 R
1913 R
1914 R
1915 R
1916 R
1917 R
1918 R
1919 R
1920 R
1921 R
1922 R
1923 R
1924 R
1925 R
1926 R
1927 R
1928 R
1929 R
1930 R
1931 R
1932 R
1933 R
1934 R
1935 R
1936 R
1937 R
1938 R
1939
76.9
77.1
76.9
76.9
77.4
77.3
77.3
77.2
77.4
77.3
77.2
76.9
77.2
77.1
76.8
76.5
76.6
76.4
76.1
76.4
77.0
77.7
78.1
78.0
78.6
78.8
79.1
79.1
79.2
79.3
79.6
79.7
79.9
80.1
80.1
80.6
80.8
81.1
81.4
81.8
82.2
82.4
82.4
83.2
84.1
84.1
84.8
85.3
85.7
85.9
86.0
86.4
86.7
87.0
87.6
87.9
88.3
Note:
(a) The italicised quartiles are based on projected mortality experiences at ages above 74 years.
(b) These figures are based on the New Zealand cohort life tables.
108
Demographic Trends: 2007
5 External migration
In the year ended June 2007:
•
Total passenger arrivals and departures numbered 8.9 million, up 2 percent on the
June 2006 year.
•
Permanent and long-term (PLT) arrivals exceeded PLT departures by 10,078.
•
New Zealand citizens made up 71 percent of all PLT departures and 28 percent of all
PLT arrivals. This compares with 78 and 37 percent, respectively, in the year ended
June 2000.
•
Australia was the largest destination country for PLT departures (38,336) and the
second-largest source country of PLT arrivals (13,383). The United Kingdom was the
largest source country, with 21,378 PLT arrivals.
•
Sixty percent of PLT arrivals were under 30 years of age.
•
Professionals were the largest occupational group for both PLT arrivals (9,595) and
PLT departures (8,193).
•
There were 2.5 million overseas visitor arrivals, up 80,190 or 3 percent on the year
ended June 2006.
•
Australia (919,824) and the United Kingdom (301,599) together contributed half of
the visitor arrivals.
•
Australia was the main destination for half the New Zealand resident short-term
departures (958,671).
Figure 5.01
Annual Permanent and Long-term Arrivals, Departures and Net Migration
1979–2007
100
(000)
80
60
Excess of arrivals
40
20
0
Excess of departures
-20
-40
-60
79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
June year
Arrivals(1)
(2)
Departures
Net migration (3)
(1) Overseas migrants intending to stay in New Zealand 12 months or more (or permanently), plus New Zealand
residents returning after an absence of 12 months or more.
(2) Overseas visitors departing New Zealand after a stay of 12 months or more, plus New Zealand residents
departing for an intended period of 12 months or more (or permanently).
(3) Excess of arrivals over departures.
109
Demographic Trends: 2007
Total migration
International passenger movements reached a new high during the year ended June
2007, with 8.9 million passenger movements in total. There were 4.460 million arrivals
and 4.449 million departures. Overseas visitors accounted for 55 percent of these
movements, New Zealand residents accounted for 43 percent, and permanent and
long-term migrants accounted for the other 2 percent.
In 1957, there were only 143,429 movements in and out of New Zealand and it was
not until the August 1973 year that the first million mark was reached. There were six
million passenger movements in the June 2000 year and seven million movements
just over three years later in the November 2003 year. The eight million level was
reached just nine months later, in the August 2004 year, the result of rapid growth in
both international visitors and New Zealanders travelling overseas. Total arrivals and
departures have increased by over 3.5 million in the 10 years since 1997, at an average
annual growth rate of 5.1 percent.
Permanent and long-term migration
Permanent and long-term (PLT) arrivals include people who arrive in New Zealand
intending to stay for a period of 12 months or more (or permanently), and
New Zealand residents returning after an absence of 12 months or more. The former
group includes people with New Zealand residency as well as students and holders
of work permits. Permanent and long-term departures include New Zealand residents
departing for an intended period of 12 months or more (or permanently), plus overseas
visitors departing New Zealand after a stay of 12 months or more.
There were small changes in PLT migration levels when compared with 2006. In the
June 2007 year, 82,700 permanent and long-term migrants came to New Zealand,
up 2,624 or 3 percent on the 2006 figure of 80,076. Over the same period, departures
increased by 5 percent to 72,622. As a result, New Zealand experienced a net inflow
of 10,078 migrants during the June 2007 year, compared with a net inflow of 10,688
in 2006.
New Zealand nationals made up a larger proportion of PLT departures than PLT arrivals.
In the June 2007 year, 71 percent of people departing New Zealand permanently or
long term were New Zealanders, as were 28 percent of PLT arrivals. This compares with
69 and 30 percent, respectively, in 2006.
People who come to New Zealand intending to stay 12 months or more tend to be
younger than those who come on short visits. In the June 2007 year, 60 percent of
PLT arrivals were people under 30 years of age, and only 4 percent were 60 years or
over. In contrast, 17 percent of short-term visitors were aged 60 years or over in 2007.
While this is perhaps a reflection of New Zealand’s immigration policy, which tends to
favour younger applicants, there was a very similar pattern for PLT departures with
62 and 3 percent, respectively, in these age groups.
Migration flows to and from Australia and the United Kingdom continued to play a
major role in the external migration patterns of New Zealand. In the June 2007 year,
Australia was the second-largest source country for PLT arrivals (13,383) and the largest
destination country for PLT departures (38,336). The result was a net outflow of 24,953
people from New Zealand to Australia during the June 2007 year, compared with a net
outflow of 20,459 in 2006. In comparison, there was a net PLT inflow from the United
Kingdom of 9,429. (The United Kingdom was the largest source country for PLT arrivals,
with 21,378 immigrants arriving in the June 2007 year). There were also net inflows
from the Philippines (3,104), India (2,790), Fiji (2,357), South Africa (1,672), China
(1,593), Germany (1,551) and Japan (1,409).
110
Demographic Trends: 2007
In the year ended June 2007, 45 percent of immigrants and 39 percent of emigrants
were not in the workforce (for example, family members and students). In addition,
7 percent of both immigrants and emigrants did not state a valid occupation.
A further 13 percent of both PLT arrivals and departures stated an occupation
(for example, engineer) that was not detailed enough to be coded to a specific
occupation classification.
Of those migrants whose occupation was coded, professionals were the largest
occupational group for PLT arrivals (9,595), PLT departures (8,193) and net PLT
migrants (1,402) in the year ended June 2007.
It is important to note that the official statistics on permanent and long-term migration
are based on intentions expressed on arrival and departure cards. Because of category
jumping and other data issues, changes in the volume of arrivals and departures and net
migration need to be interpreted with care.
Overseas visitors
During the June 2007 year, there were 2.458 million short-term overseas visitors, up
80,191 or 3 percent on the June 2006 year. Australia was our largest source for visitors
in the June 2007 year, with 37 percent of all visitor arrivals. Other major contributors
were the United Kingdom (12 percent), the United States (9 percent) and Japan
(5 percent).
New Zealand resident departures
In the June 2007 year, there were 1.924 million short-term New Zealand resident
departures, up 36,584 or 2 percent on the June 2006 year. Australia was the preferred
country of main destination for 50 percent of resident departures in the June 2007 year.
Other major destinations were Fiji, the United Kingdom and the United States (each
5 percent).
Where to find additional information
External migration information releases are available on the Statistics New Zealand
website at:
www.stats.govt.nz/products-and-services/info-releases/external-migration-info-releases.htm
Provisional international travel statistics tables are available on the Statistics NZ website at:
www.stats.govt.nz/tables/provisional-arrivals/default.htm
The Tourism and Migration 2000 reference report and annual updates are available on
the Statistics NZ website at:
www.stats.govt.nz/analytical-reports/tourism-migration-2000/default.htm
Additional articles on international travel and migration are available on the Statistics NZ
website at:
www.stats.govt.nz/products-and-services/Articles/international-travel-and-migrationarticles/default.htm
For information about external migration statistics, go to:
www2.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/omni/omni.nsf/outputs/migration
111
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 5.01
Arrivals, Departures and Net Migration
By sex
1979–2007
(A) Total migration (1)
June year
Arrivals
Net migration(2)
Departures
Male
Female
People
Male
Female
People
Male
Female
People
1979
439,436
395,636
835,072
456,924
415,292
872,216
-17,488
-19,656
-37,144
1980
498,183
453,003
951,186
508,585
463,345
971,930
-10,402
-10,342
-20,744
1981
516,007
458,222
974,229
520,952
465,407
986,359
-4,945
-7,185
-12,130
1982
493,037
437,935
930,972
488,895
432,963
921,858
4,142
4,972
9,114
1983
482,850
425,060
907,910
470,692
417,328
888,020
12,158
7,732
19,890
1984
506,096
450,873
956,969
504,833
447,426
952,259
1,263
3,447
4,710
1985
544,960
481,126
1,026,086
547,777
482,255
1,030,032
-2,817
-1,129
-3,946
1986
605,193
536,176
1,141,369
616,229
549,007
1,165,236
-11,036
-12,831
-23,867
1987
729,394
651,012
1,380,406
726,694
648,298
1,374,992
2,700
2,714
5,414
1988
832,278
749,379
1,581,657
840,541
757,421
1,597,962
-8,263
-8,042
-16,305
1989
879,028
786,211
1,665,239
885,480
790,331
1,675,811
-6,452
-4,120
-10,572
1990
925,496
816,192
1,741,688
923,538
816,105
1,739,643
1,958
87
2,045
1991
921,527
836,479
1,758,006
911,858
827,215
1,739,073
9,669
9,264
18,933
1992
956,913
871,755
1,828,668
954,075
873,507
1,827,582
2,838
-1,752
1,086
1993
1,010,932
918,996
1,929,928
1,009,488
915,411
1,924,899
1,444
3,585
5,029
1994
1,093,143
992,047
2,085,190
1,090,452
983,684
2,074,136
2,691
8,363
11,054
1995
1,201,346
1,082,279
2,283,625
1,193,446
1,071,937
2,265,383
7,900
10,342
18,242
1996
1,329,323
1,203,481
2,532,804
1,316,368
1,198,048
2,514,416
12,955
5,433
18,388
1997
1,424,596
1,295,911
2,720,507
1,416,261
1,277,366
2,693,627
8,335
18,545
26,880
1998
1,403,043
1,267,108
2,670,151
1,410,853
1,259,190
2,670,043
-7,810
7,918
108
1999
1,459,089
1,318,019
2,777,108
1,469,906
1,324,387
2,794,293
-10,817
-6,368
-17,185
2000
1,578,487
1,424,161
3,002,648
1,579,366
1,420,912
3,000,278
-879
3,249
2,370
2001
1,702,326
1,560,127
3,262,453
1,697,360
1,554,542
3,251,902
4,966
5,585
10,551
2002
1,735,107
1,594,763
3,329,870
1,702,596
1,565,673
3,268,269
32,511
29,090
61,601
2003
1,801,799
1,662,029
3,463,828
1,762,658
1,622,720
3,385,378
39,141
39,309
78,450
2004
2,010,320
1,874,382
3,884,702
2,009,733
1,873,460
3,883,193
587
922
1,509
2005
2,227,698
2,086,897
4,314,595
2,208,909
2,075,754
4,284,663
18,789
11,143
29,932
2006
2,241,144
2,099,934
4,341,078
2,256,318
2,102,834
4,359,152
-15,174
-2,900
-18,074
2007
2,308,238
2,151,493
4,459,731
2,304,446
2,144,909
4,449,355
3,792
6,584
10,376
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
112
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 5.01 continued
Arrivals, Departures and Net Migration
By sex
1979–2007
(B) Permanent and long-term migration (3)
June year
Arrivals
Male
Female
19,628
Net migration(2)
Departures
People
40,388
Male
43,992
Female
People
Male
Female
People
39,676
83,668
-23,232
-20,048
-43,280
1979
20,760
1980
22,242
21,132
43,374
37,380
33,728
71,108
-15,138
-12,596
-27,734
1981
22,890
21,688
44,578
36,603
32,899
69,502
-13,713
-11,211
-24,924
1982
23,543
22,352
45,895
26,482
24,756
51,238
-2,939
-2,404
-5,343
1983
23,163
21,860
45,023
19,518
18,898
38,416
3,645
2,962
6,607
1984
20,036
19,597
39,633
18,335
17,785
36,120
1,701
1,812
3,513
1985
17,953
17,319
35,272
24,814
23,722
48,536
-6,861
-6,403
-13,264
1986
18,625
18,381
37,006
30,424
28,418
58,842
-11,799
-10,037
-21,836
1987
23,635
22,604
46,239
30,253
27,961
58,214
-6,618
-5,357
-11,975
1988
24,491
23,235
47,726
34,121
31,887
66,008
-9,630
-8,652
-18,282
1989
23,436
22,510
45,946
36,717
33,364
70,081
-13,281
-10,854
-24,135
1990
28,154
26,391
54,545
26,549
25,411
51,960
1,605
980
2,585
1991
28,951
26,997
55,948
22,492
21,034
43,526
6,459
5,963
12,422
1992
25,513
22,412
47,925
22,743
21,591
44,334
2,770
821
3,591
1993
25,906
24,905
50,811
21,487
20,622
42,109
4,419
4,283
8,702
1994
30,149
29,521
59,670
21,648
21,207
42,855
8,501
8,314
16,815
1995
35,223
34,349
69,572
23,768
23,075
46,843
11,455
11,274
22,729
1996
41,701
40,264
81,965
26,447
26,012
52,459
15,254
14,252
29,506
1997
37,184
37,308
74,492
29,088
28,634
57,722
8,096
8,674
16,770
1998
30,124
31,122
61,246
30,897
29,897
60,794
-773
1,225
452
1999
27,616
28,636
56,252
34,728
32,893
67,621
-7,112
-4,257
-11,369
2000
30,591
30,694
61,285
36,270
34,775
71,045
-5,679
-4,081
-9,760
2001
34,975
34,514
69,489
39,753
39,002
78,755
-4,778
-4,488
-9,266
2002
47,400
45,263
92,663
29,826
30,022
59,848
17,574
15,241
32,815
2003
49,571
47,679
97,250
27,134
27,599
54,733
22,437
20,080
42,517
2004
41,968
42,317
84,285
31,089
31,188
62,277
10,879
11,129
22,008
2005
39,372
39,767
79,139
35,360
35,186
70,546
4,012
4,581
8,593
2006
39,746
40,330
80,076
35,070
34,318
69,388
4,676
6,012
10,688
2007
41,311
41,389
82,700
36,667
35,955
72,622
4,644
5,434
10,078
(1) Excludes armed forces prior to 1987.
(2) Excess of arrivals over departures. A minus sign denotes an excess of departures over arrivals.
(3) Permanent and long-term arrivals include overseas migrants who arrive in New Zealand intending to stay for a period of 12 months or more
(or permanently), plus New Zealand residents returning after an absence of 12 months or more. Permanent and long-term departures include
New Zealand residents departing for an intended period of 12 months or more (or permanently), plus overseas visitors departing New
Zealand after a stay of 12 months or more.
Note:
(a) Total migration data for the June years 1979–1997 are sampled data. Actual counts of passengers are available from the month of September
1997 onwards. Total migration data for 1998 consist of sampled data up to August 1997 and actual counts from September 1997 onwards.
From 1999 onwards, total migration data represent actual counts of passengers.
(b) For annual arrivals and departures for December years from 1950 onwards, see table 1.01 of Tourism and Migration, available on the
Statistics New Zealand website (www.stats.govt.nz).
113
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 5.02
Quarterly Arrivals, Departures and Net Migration
By sex
1995–2007
(A) Total migration
Quarter
Arrivals
Net migration(1)
Departures
Male
Female
People
Male
Female
People
Male
Female
People
1995 Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
325,889
258,337
319,538
351,774
301,672
226,894
282,551
324,893
627,561
485,231
602,089
676,667
325,394
286,087
304,865
321,107
295,936
256,864
270,038
295,079
621,330
542,951
574,903
616,186
495
-27,750
14,673
30,667
5,736
-29,970
12,513
29,814
6,231
-57,720
27,186
60,481
1996 Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
362,809
295,202
360,261
387,087
337,936
258,101
325,189
363,071
700,745
553,303
685,450
750,158
363,798
326,598
342,865
352,147
338,268
294,663
305,090
323,095
702,066
621,261
647,955
675,242
-989
-31,396
17,396
34,940
-332
-36,562
20,099
39,976
-1,321
-67,958
37,495
74,916
1997 Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
384,437
292,811
350,857
378,932
353,549
254,102
314,154
351,138
737,986
546,913
665,011
730,070
386,820
334,429
347,812
349,680
357,840
291,341
296,662
321,216
744,660
625,770
644,474
670,896
-2,383
-41,618
3,045
29,252
-4,291
-37,239
17,492
29,922
-6,674
-78,857
20,537
59,174
1998 Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
371,285
301,969
359,200
399,304
337,820
263,996
318,365
367,755
709,105
565,965
677,565
767,059
374,068
339,293
354,438
366,247
336,174
305,138
309,678
335,365
710,242
644,431
664,116
701,612
-2,783
-37,324
4,762
33,057
1,646
-41,142
8,687
32,390
-1,137
-78,466
13,449
65,447
1999 Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
387,847
312,738
382,290
430,169
357,798
274,101
337,380
394,580
745,645
586,839
719,670
824,749
398,008
351,213
369,640
384,079
362,159
317,185
319,128
352,599
760,167
668,398
688,768
736,678
-10,161
-38,475
12,650
46,090
-4,361
-43,084
18,252
41,981
-14,522
-81,559
30,902
88,071
2000 Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
414,672
351,356
395,158
473,498
377,149
315,052
352,654
442,071
791,821
666,408
747,812
915,569
436,239
389,408
391,637
426,629
391,135
358,050
346,560
397,146
827,374
747,458
738,197
823,775
-21,567
-38,052
3,521
46,869
-13,986
-42,998
6,094
44,925
-35,553
-81,050
9,615
91,794
2001 Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
459,165
374,505
432,738
451,866
429,553
335,849
390,499
419,539
888,718
710,354
823,237
871,405
470,323
408,771
416,522
405,496
434,314
376,522
373,317
375,098
904,637
785,293
789,839
780,594
-11,158
-34,266
16,216
46,370
-4,761
-40,673
17,182
44,441
-15,919
-74,939
33,398
90,811
2002 Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
481,693
368,810
438,524
502,010
449,866
334,859
398,510
470,097
931,559
703,669
837,034
972,107
473,788
406,790
416,403
459,020
439,644
377,614
375,521
427,430
913,432
784,404
791,924
886,450
7,905
-37,980
22,121
42,990
10,222
-42,755
22,989
42,667
18,127
-80,735
45,110
85,657
2003 Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
499,838
361,427
452,437
547,902
468,850
324,572
413,307
512,456
968,688
685,999
865,744
1,060,358
494,887
392,348
443,901
508,279
459,875
359,894
404,017
471,755
954,762
752,242
847,918
980,034
4,951
-30,921
8,536
39,623
8,975
-35,322
9,290
40,701
13,926
-66,243
17,826
80,324
2004 Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
558,524
451,457
540,797
595,774
532,129
416,490
509,174
562,533
1,090,653
867,947
1,049,971
1,158,307
559,611
497,942
530,722
555,365
528,543
469,145
495,625
521,315
1,088,154
967,087
1,026,347
1,076,680
-1,087
-46,485
10,075
40,409
3,586
-52,655
13,549
41,218
2,499
-99,140
23,624
81,627
2005 Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
604,624
486,503
551,565
604,263
580,157
435,033
509,142
570,385
1,184,781
921,536
1,060,707
1,174,648
602,722
520,100
567,991
558,404
573,563
485,251
514,105
523,909
1,176,285
1,005,351
1,082,096
1,082,313
1,902
-33,597
-16,426
45,859
6,594
-50,218
-4,963
46,476
8,496
-83,815
-21,389
92,335
2006 Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
604,870
480,446
555,685
625,454
580,323
440,084
510,137
584,586
1,185,193
920,530
1,065,822
1,210,040
599,202
530,721
546,932
575,341
565,736
499,084
498,874
534,965
1,164,938
1,029,805
1,045,806
1,110,306
5,668
-50,275
8,753
50,113
14,587
-59,000
11,263
49,621
20,255
-109,275
20,016
99,734
2007 Mar
Jun
Sep
623,106
503,993
593,740
463,030
1,216,846
967,023
620,552
561,621
584,988
526,082
1,205,540
1,087,703
2,554
-57,628
8,752
-63,052
11,306
-120,680
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
114
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 5.02 continued
Quarterly Arrivals, Departures and Net Migration
By sex
1995–2007
(B) Permanent and long-term migration (2)
Quarter
Arrivals
Male
Female
Net migration(1)
Departures
People
Male
Female
People
Male
Female
People
1995 Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
10,722
7,780
10,044
11,016
10,536
7,261
9,613
10,591
21,258
15,041
19,657
21,607
6,934
6,347
5,692
5,763
7,004
6,191
5,496
5,650
13,938
12,538
11,188
11,413
3,788
1,433
4,352
5,253
3,532
1,070
4,117
4,941
7,320
2,503
8,469
10,194
1996 Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
12,030
8,611
9,157
10,048
11,953
8,107
9,141
9,958
23,983
16,718
18,298
20,006
7,573
7,419
6,209
6,162
7,744
7,122
5,858
6,125
15,317
14,541
12,067
12,287
4,457
1,192
2,948
3,886
4,209
985
3,283
3,833
8,666
2,177
6,231
7,719
1997 Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
10,874
7,105
7,659
7,768
11,000
7,209
8,015
8,006
21,874
14,314
15,674
15,774
8,479
8,238
6,838
6,780
8,574
8,077
6,476
6,550
17,053
16,315
13,314
13,330
2,395
-1,133
821
988
2,426
-868
1,539
1,456
4,821
-2,001
2,360
2,444
1998 Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
8,464
6,233
6,490
7,409
8,702
6,399
6,838
7,685
17,166
12,632
13,328
15,094
8,697
8,582
8,011
7,727
8,565
8,306
7,272
7,325
17,262
16,888
15,283
15,052
-233
-2,349
-1,521
-318
137
-1,907
-434
360
-96
-4,256
-1,955
42
1999 Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
7,581
6,136
7,162
8,773
7,945
6,168
7,193
8,785
15,526
12,304
14,355
17,558
9,891
9,099
8,010
8,108
9,665
8,631
7,475
7,893
19,556
17,730
15,485
16,001
-2,310
-2,963
-848
665
-1,720
-2,463
-282
892
-4,030
-5,426
-1,130
1,557
2000 Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
8,425
6,231
8,030
8,840
8,447
6,269
7,843
8,909
16,872
12,500
15,873
17,749
10,585
9,567
8,550
9,008
10,275
9,132
8,221
8,968
20,860
18,699
16,771
17,976
-2,160
-3,336
-520
-168
-1,828
-2,863
-378
-59
-3,988
-6,199
-898
-227
2001 Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
10,239
7,866
10,709
12,258
10,104
7,658
10,377
11,883
20,343
15,524
21,086
24,141
12,881
9,314
7,260
6,469
12,738
9,075
7,149
6,482
25,619
18,389
14,409
12,951
-2,642
-1,448
3,449
5,789
-2,634
-1,417
3,228
5,401
-5,276
-2,865
6,677
11,190
2002 Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
14,253
10,180
12,143
12,544
13,361
9,642
11,697
12,131
27,614
19,822
23,840
24,675
8,341
7,756
6,531
6,114
8,640
7,751
6,337
6,283
16,981
15,507
12,868
12,397
5,912
2,424
5,612
6,430
4,721
1,891
5,360
5,848
10,633
4,315
10,972
12,278
2003 Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
15,675
9,209
11,066
10,856
14,659
9,192
11,064
10,939
30,334
18,401
22,130
21,795
7,922
6,567
6,628
7,554
8,385
6,594
6,610
7,494
16,307
13,161
13,238
15,048
7,753
2,642
4,438
3,302
6,274
2,598
4,454
3,445
14,027
5,240
8,892
6,747
2004 Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
12,556
7,490
9,751
10,117
12,591
7,723
9,917
10,334
25,147
15,213
19,668
20,451
8,949
7,958
7,632
8,240
9,099
7,985
7,395
8,113
18,048
15,943
15,027
16,353
3,607
-468
2,119
1,877
3,492
-262
2,522
2,221
7,099
-730
4,641
4,098
2005 Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
11,393
8,111
9,481
10,332
11,339
8,177
9,987
10,143
22,732
16,288
19,468
20,475
10,207
9,281
8,633
7,995
10,521
9,157
8,382
7,816
20,728
18,438
17,015
15,811
1,186
-1,170
848
2,337
818
-980
1,605
2,327
2,004
-2,150
2,453
4,664
2006 Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
11,919
8,014
10,403
10,684
11,975
8,225
10,630
10,882
23,894
16,239
21,033
21,566
9,560
8,882
8,248
7,775
9,562
8,558
7,820
7,718
19,122
17,440
16,068
15,493
2,359
-868
2,155
2,909
2,413
-333
2,810
3,164
4,772
-1,201
4,965
6,073
2007 Mar
Jun
Sep
11,937
8,287
11,756
8,121
23,693
16,408
10,777
9,867
10,672
9,745
21,449
19,612
1,160
-1,580
1,084
-1,624
2,244
-3,204
(1) Excess of arrivals over departures. A minus sign denotes an excess of departures over arrivals.
(2) Permanent and long-term arrivals include overseas migrants who arrive in New Zealand intending to stay for a period of 12 months or more
(or permanently), plus New Zealand residents returning after an absence of 12 months or more. Permanent and long-term departures include
New Zealand residents departing for an intended period of 12 months or more (or permanently), plus overseas visitors departing New
Zealand after a stay of 12 months or more.
Note: Total migration data prior to the September 1997 quarter are sampled data. Actual counts of passengers are available from the month of
September 1997 onwards. Total migration data for the September 1997 quarter consist of sampled data for the months of July and August and actual
counts of passengers for September 1997. From the December 1997 quarter onwards, total migration data represent actual counts of passengers.
115
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 5.03
Arrivals, Departures and Net Migration
By age group, class and sex
Year ended 30 June 2007
Age group
(years)
Permanent and long-term (1)
Male
Female
People
NZ resident short-term (2)
Male
Female
Visitor short-term (3)
People
Male
Female
Total migration
People
Male
Female
People
Arrivals
Under 5
5–9
10–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80–84
85–89
90+
2,819
2,543
2,525
3,979
5,691
6,989
4,869
3,728
2,724
1,765
1,069
939
713
476
251
144
63
15
9
2,609
2,490
2,346
3,919
6,114
7,807
4,940
3,480
2,502
1,466
1,057
980
697
473
248
150
74
31
6
5,428
5,033
4,871
7,898
11,805
14,796
9,809
7,208
5,226
3,231
2,126
1,919
1,410
949
499
294
137
46
15
29,954
31,221
38,461
42,149
56,836
64,856
78,802
95,571
106,230
106,001
96,446
88,283
61,454
42,598
23,521
13,437
5,727
1,410
240
All ages
41,311
41,389
82,700
983,197
29,634
31,372
39,153
48,136
66,972
70,903
76,846
81,726
86,768
90,902
87,525
80,386
57,311
41,041
23,427
14,536
6,938
2,055
409
59,588
62,593
77,614
90,285
123,808
135,759
155,648
177,297
192,998
196,903
183,971
168,669
118,765
83,639
46,948
27,973
12,665
3,465
649
29,422
29,879
42,258
55,977
84,132
113,027
123,785
123,974
126,907
121,916
115,970
109,061
88,730
63,053
33,653
15,176
5,232
1,318
260
936,040 1,919,237
1,283,730
28,745
29,463
41,148
61,682
101,527
122,822
107,724
90,404
87,037
93,879
103,621
105,145
89,421
58,628
30,343
14,728
5,817
1,638
292
58,167
59,342
83,406
117,659
185,659
235,849
231,509
214,378
213,944
215,795
219,591
214,206
178,151
121,681
63,996
29,904
11,049
2,956
552
1,174,064 2,457,794
62,195
63,643
83,244
102,105
146,659
184,872
207,456
223,273
235,861
229,682
213,485
198,283
150,897
106,127
57,425
28,757
11,022
2,743
509
60,988
63,325
82,647
113,737
174,613
201,532
189,510
175,610
176,307
186,247
192,203
186,511
147,429
100,142
54,018
29,414
12,829
3,724
707
123,183
126,968
165,891
215,842
321,272
386,404
396,966
398,883
412,168
415,929
405,688
384,794
298,326
206,269
111,443
58,171
23,851
6,467
1,216
2,308,238 2,151,493 4,459,731
Departures
Under 5
5–9
10–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80–84
85–89
90+
2,406
2,067
2,005
2,998
6,615
6,488
3,735
2,919
2,254
1,780
1,311
952
569
277
155
79
41
13
3
2,426
2,080
1,930
3,056
6,853
6,213
3,499
2,807
2,084
1,608
1,353
890
459
316
176
110
50
38
7
4,832
4,147
3,935
6,054
13,468
12,701
7,234
5,726
4,338
3,388
2,664
1,842
1,028
593
331
189
91
51
10
30,700
31,690
39,193
42,924
56,663
64,325
78,571
96,293
106,367
107,204
96,625
89,033
61,369
42,873
23,320
13,479
5,536
1,390
247
All ages
36,667
35,955
72,622
987,802
30,252
31,937
39,789
48,483
65,792
69,768
75,955
82,344
86,794
92,345
86,997
81,212
56,584
41,296
23,091
14,477
6,761
1,986
399
60,952
63,627
78,982
91,407
122,455
134,093
154,526
178,637
193,161
199,549
183,622
170,245
117,953
84,169
46,411
27,956
12,297
3,376
646
28,750
28,915
40,892
55,422
83,784
113,465
123,753
123,283
126,788
121,264
116,138
108,583
89,417
63,194
34,023
15,355
5,328
1,358
265
936,262 1,924,064
1,279,977
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
116
28,193
28,653
40,330
61,438
101,992
124,019
108,187
89,544
86,767
93,046
103,785
104,490
90,008
58,896
30,671
14,822
5,882
1,661
308
56,943
57,568
81,222
116,860
185,776
237,484
231,940
212,827
213,555
214,310
219,923
213,073
179,425
122,090
64,694
30,177
11,210
3,019
573
1,172,692 2,452,669
61,856
62,672
82,090
101,344
147,062
184,278
206,059
222,495
235,409
230,248
214,074
198,568
151,355
106,344
57,498
28,913
10,905
2,761
515
60,871
62,670
82,049
112,977
174,637
200,000
187,641
174,695
175,645
186,999
192,135
186,592
147,051
100,508
53,938
29,409
12,693
3,685
714
122,727
125,342
164,139
214,321
321,699
384,278
393,700
397,190
411,054
417,247
406,209
385,160
298,406
206,852
111,436
58,322
23,598
6,446
1,229
2,304,446 2,144,909 4,449,355
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 5.03 continued
Arrivals, Departures and Net Migration
By age group, class and sex
Year ended 30 June 2007
Age group
(years)
Permanent and long-term (1)
Male
Female
People
NZ residents short-term (2)
Male
Female
People
Visitors short-term (3)
Male
Female
People
Total migration
Male
Female
People
Net migration(4)
Under 5
5–9
10–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80–84
85–89
90+
413
476
520
981
-924
501
1,134
809
470
-15
-242
-13
144
199
96
65
22
2
6
183
410
416
863
-739
1,594
1,441
673
418
-142
-296
90
238
157
72
40
24
-7
-1
596
886
936
1,844
-1,663
2,095
2,575
1,482
888
-157
-538
77
382
356
168
105
46
-5
5
-746
-469
-732
-775
173
531
231
-722
-137
-1,203
-179
-750
85
-275
201
-42
191
20
-7
-618
-565
-636
-347
1,180
1,135
891
-618
-26
-1,443
528
-826
727
-255
336
59
177
69
10
-1,364
-1,034
-1,368
-1,122
1,353
1,666
1,122
-1,340
-163
-2,646
349
-1,576
812
-530
537
17
368
89
3
672
964
1,366
555
348
-438
32
691
119
652
-168
478
-687
-141
-370
-179
-96
-40
-5
552
810
818
244
-465
-1,197
-463
860
270
833
-164
655
-587
-268
-328
-94
-65
-23
-16
1,224
1,774
2,184
799
-117
-1,635
-431
1,551
389
1,485
-332
1,133
-1,274
-409
-698
-273
-161
-63
-21
339
971
1,154
761
-403
594
1,397
778
452
-566
-589
-285
-458
-217
-73
-156
117
-18
-6
117
655
598
760
-24
1,532
1,869
915
662
-752
68
-81
378
-366
80
5
136
39
-7
456
1,626
1,752
1,521
-427
2,126
3,266
1,693
1,114
-1,318
-521
-366
-80
-583
7
-151
253
21
-13
All ages
4,644
5,434
10,078
-4,605
-222
-4,827
3,753
1,372
5,125
3,792
6,584
10,376
(1) Permanent and long-term arrivals include overseas migrants who arrive in New Zealand intending to stay for a period of 12 months or more
(or permanently), plus New Zealand residents returning after an absence of 12 months or more. Permanent and long-term departures include
New Zealand residents departing for an intended period of 12 months or more (or permanently), plus overseas visitors departing New
Zealand after a stay of 12 months or more.
(2) New Zealand residents arriving after an absence of less than 12 months or departing with the intention of returning within 12 months.
(3) Visitors intending to stay in New Zealand for less than 12 months, or departing after a stay in New Zealand of less than 12 months.
(4) Excess of arrivals over departures. A minus sign denotes an excess of departures over arrivals.
117
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 5.04
Permanent and Long-term Migration by Occupation
1997–2007
Occupation
June year
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Arrivals(1)
Administrators & managers
Professionals
Technicians
Clerks
Service & sales workers
Agriculture & fishery workers
Trades workers
Plant & machine operators
Elementary occupations (2)
Occupation unidentifiable
Not applicable(3)
Not stated
3,216
10,291
4,688
3,093
3,018
1,064
4,721
1,171
648
3,358
35,200
4,024
2,324
8,103
3,790
2,528
2,877
850
2,350
973
602
4,231
29,165
3,453
2,001
6,449
3,573
2,255
2,576
752
1,745
736
500
5,763
26,768
3,134
1,693
6,508
3,783
2,259
2,862
811
1,904
738
532
7,145
28,027
5,023
2,068
6,881
4,093
2,340
3,059
950
1,889
836
699
7,085
33,216
6,373
2,987
9,332
4,318
3,391
3,699
1,003
2,379
915
614
9,962
46,345
7,718
3,533
9,782
4,419
3,608
3,575
993
2,515
974
607
10,217
48,124
8,903
3,119
9,308
4,832
3,140
3,671
915
2,655
1,067
702
8,397
39,590
6,889
2,876
9,496
3,794
2,521
3,771
1,010
2,768
1,041
608
10,171
35,172
5,911
3,022
9,658
3,738
2,450
4,045
930
2,874
1,107
644
10,752
34,916
5,940
2,908
9,595
3,922
2,278
4,205
1,019
2,902
1,153
634
10,812
37,173
6,099
All occupations
74,492
61,246
56,252
61,285
69,489
92,663
97,250
84,285
79,139
80,076
82,700
(4)
Departures
Administrators & managers
Professionals
Technicians
Clerks
Service & sales workers
Agriculture & fishery workers
Trades workers
Plant & machine operators
Elementary occupations (2)
Occupation unidentifiable
Not applicable(3)
Not stated
2,832
6,729
4,863
2,824
3,768
1,282
3,490
1,626
973
2,268
23,268
3,799
2,803
6,900
4,764
2,941
4,014
1,177
2,922
1,571
987
3,866
25,617
3,232
2,827
7,222
5,014
2,732
4,146
1,221
3,496
1,560
1,099
7,028
26,719
4,557
2,972
7,280
5,518
2,803
4,623
1,117
3,223
1,676
1,145
7,464
28,391
4,833
3,771
8,973
5,498
3,066
5,243
1,162
3,213
1,581
1,151
9,285
31,261
4,551
2,784
8,373
4,204
2,561
3,864
1,092
2,264
1,128
735
6,559
23,095
3,189
2,432
7,495
3,812
2,456
3,464
935
2,090
1,058
724
5,170
21,906
3,191
2,596
7,437
4,320
2,446
3,843
1,041
2,261
1,301
939
5,650
26,264
4,179
2,802
7,807
3,698
2,158
4,309
1,075
2,558
1,560
891
8,628
30,328
4,732
3,006
7,833
3,749
2,191
4,306
1,135
2,768
1,604
939
8,886
28,314
4,657
3,291
8,193
4,060
2,381
4,553
1,077
3,157
1,791
1,051
9,594
28,559
4,915
All occupations
57,722
60,794
67,621
71,045
78,755
59,848
54,733
62,277
70,546
69,388
72,622
(5)
Net migration
Administrators & managers
Professionals
Technicians
Clerks
Service & sales workers
Agriculture & fishery workers
Trades workers
Plant & machine operators
Elementary occupations (2)
Occupation unidentifiable
Not applicable(3)
Not stated
384
3,562
-175
269
-750
-218
1,231
-455
-325
1,090
11,932
225
-479
1,203
-974
-413
-1,137
-327
-572
-598
-385
365
3,548
221
-826
-773
-1,441
-477
-1,570
-469
-1,751
-824
-599
-1,265
49
-1,423
-1,279
-772
-1,735
-544
-1,761
-306
-1,319
-938
-613
-319
-364
190
-1,703
-2,092
-1,405
-726
-2,184
-212
-1,324
-745
-452
-2,200
1,955
1,822
203
959
114
830
-165
-89
115
-213
-121
3,403
23,250
4,529
1,101
2,287
607
1,152
111
58
425
-84
-117
5,047
26,218
5,712
523
1,871
512
694
-172
-126
394
-234
-237
2,747
13,326
2,710
74
1,689
96
363
-538
-65
210
-519
-283
1,543
4,844
1,179
16
1,825
-11
259
-261
-205
106
-497
-295
1,866
6,602
1,283
-383
1,402
-138
-103
-348
-58
-255
-638
-417
1,218
8,614
1,184
All occupations
16,770
452
-11,369
-9,760
-9,266
32,815
42,517
22,008
8,593
10,688
10,078
(1) Permanent and long-term arrivals include overseas migrants who arrive in New Zealand intending to stay for a period of 12 months or more
(or permanently), plus New Zealand residents returning after an absence of 12 months or more.
(2) Includes labourers and related elementary service workers.
(3) Includes family members and students.
(4) Permanent and long-term departures include New Zealand residents departing for an intended period of 12 months or more (or permanently),
plus overseas visitors departing New Zealand after a stay of 12 months or more.
(5) Excess of arrivals over departures. A minus sign denotes an excess of departures over arrivals.
118
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 5.05
Permanent and Long-term Migration by Country of Citizenship
1979–2007
Country of citizenship
June year
New Zealand
Arrivals
1979
(1)
21,468
Departures
62,736
(2)
Non-New Zealand
Net migration
-41,268
(3)
(4)
Departures
18,920
20,932
Arrivals
(5)
Total
Net migration
-2,012
(3)
Arrivals
Departures
Net migration(3)
40,388
83,668
-43,280
1980
22,897
54,845
-31,948
20,477
16,263
4,214
43,374
71,108
-27,734
1981
24,410
54,360
-29,950
20,168
15,142
5,026
44,578
69,502
-24,924
1982
25,259
40,909
-15,650
20,636
10,329
10,307
45,895
51,238
-5,343
1983
25,723
29,469
-3,746
19,300
8,947
10,353
45,023
38,416
6,607
1984
22,381
26,574
-4,193
17,252
9,546
7,706
39,633
36,120
3,513
1985
19,029
38,180
-19,151
16,243
10,356
5,887
35,272
48,536
-13,264
1986
18,972
48,371
-29,399
18,034
10,471
7,563
37,006
58,842
-21,836
1987
23,820
47,976
-24,156
22,419
10,238
12,181
46,239
58,214
-11,975
1988
23,124
54,128
-31,004
24,602
11,880
12,722
47,726
66,008
-18,282
1989
21,475
57,465
-35,990
24,471
12,616
11,855
45,946
70,081
-24,135
1990
27,164
40,361
-13,197
27,381
11,599
15,782
54,545
51,960
2,585
1991
28,731
31,386
-2,655
27,217
12,140
15,077
55,948
43,526
12,422
1992
22,405
30,780
-8,375
25,520
13,554
11,966
47,925
44,334
3,591
1993
21,864
30,505
-8,641
28,947
11,604
17,343
50,811
42,109
8,702
1994
23,181
32,294
-9,113
36,489
10,561
25,928
59,670
42,855
16,815
1995
22,870
36,084
-13,214
46,702
10,759
35,943
69,572
46,843
22,729
1996
23,396
39,894
-16,498
58,569
12,565
46,004
81,965
52,459
29,506
1997
22,534
43,071
-20,537
51,958
14,651
37,307
74,492
57,722
16,770
1998
22,558
44,610
-22,052
38,688
16,184
22,504
61,246
60,794
452
1999
20,039
51,745
-31,706
36,213
15,876
20,337
56,252
67,621
-11,369
2000
22,509
55,444
-32,935
38,776
15,601
23,175
61,285
71,045
-9,760
2001
21,341
63,242
-41,901
48,148
15,513
32,635
69,489
78,755
-9,266
2002
24,972
44,880
-19,908
67,691
14,968
52,723
92,663
59,848
32,815
2003
26,742
38,235
-11,493
70,508
16,498
54,010
97,250
54,733
42,517
2004
26,353
41,392
-15,039
57,932
20,885
37,047
84,285
62,277
22,008
2005
24,962
47,385
-22,423
54,177
23,161
31,016
79,139
70,546
8,593
2006
24,040
47,774
-23,734
56,036
21,614
34,422
80,076
69,388
10,688
2007
23,472
51,842
-28,370
59,228
20,780
38,448
82,700
72,622
10,078
Total
677,691
1,285,937
-608,246
1,052,702
415,233
637,469
1,730,393
1,701,170
29,223
(1) New Zealand citizens returning after an absence of 12 months or more.
(2) New Zealand citizens departing for an intended period of 12 months or more (or permanently).
(3) Excess of arrivals over departures. A minus sign indicates an excess of departures over arrivals.
(4) Non-New Zealand citizens who arrive in New Zealand intending to stay for a period of 12 months or more (or permanently).
(5) Non-New Zealand citizens departing New Zealand after a stay of 12 months or more.
119
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 5.06
Permanent and Long-term Migration
By country of last or next permanent residence
1981–2007
June year
Australia
United
Kingdom
China, PR
India
Japan
United
States
Korea,
South Africa
Republic of
Other(1)
All countries
Arrivals by country of last permanent residence(2)
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
13,694
14,325
16,514
15,227
11,750
10,957
13,967
13,113
11,850
12,047
12,053
10,018
7,139
6,632
8,660
11,798
11,516
10,624
98
55
65
76
100
133
228
318
426
209
180
117
135
104
169
190
254
247
277
272
276
431
411
477
690
1,124
1,482
2,182
2,204
2,332
2,092
2,007
2,062
2,544
2,373
2,080
64
36
24
73
82
112
150
422
216
238
330
308
231
284
489
755
547
213
15,769
16,440
15,369
14,229
13,902
13,947
15,917
18,059
18,808
44,578
45,895
45,023
39,633
35,272
37,006
46,239
47,726
45,946
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
16,655
17,920
12,873
11,666
13,324
12,646
13,101
12,545
11,488
9,579
10,774
12,711
11,026
10,807
12,516
13,599
14,950
14,171
12,499
12,293
413
584
589
838
949
2,530
4,260
3,754
2,916
2,907
241
279
309
463
751
1,524
2,280
2,157
1,465
1,571
1,858
1,955
2,401
2,367
3,059
3,414
4,208
4,486
4,096
4,068
2,268
2,272
2,162
2,292
2,693
2,963
2,910
2,942
2,579
2,453
439
506
655
1,914
2,578
3,600
3,894
2,008
921
643
189
234
213
571
2,710
2,235
2,031
2,861
2,590
2,373
21,708
19,487
17,697
19,893
21,090
27,061
34,331
29,568
22,692
20,365
54,545
55,948
47,925
50,811
59,670
69,572
81,965
74,492
61,246
56,252
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
10,770
10,997
13,059
13,610
14,577
13,742
13,333
13,383
14,871
14,566
18,402
20,185
21,238
21,573
22,400
21,378
4,659
8,012
14,762
16,117
8,309
4,629
4,050
4,043
2,081
3,193
6,066
6,407
3,927
2,664
2,600
3,405
3,860
3,727
4,150
4,189
3,811
3,672
3,311
2,823
2,564
2,521
3,163
3,318
3,490
3,587
3,703
3,596
872
1,578
3,226
3,707
2,557
1,907
1,790
2,136
2,316
2,547
3,407
2,394
1,481
1,388
1,654
2,029
19,292
22,348
26,428
27,323
24,895
25,977
27,235
29,907
61,285
69,489
92,663
97,250
84,285
79,139
80,076
82,700
Departures by country of next permanent residence(3)
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
44,794
30,342
19,131
15,285
25,368
34,735
33,288
41,341
42,866
7,711
6,062
6,831
8,366
9,646
10,075
10,658
11,165
12,853
33
88
91
76
75
88
113
112
121
125
145
137
88
113
104
103
118
134
188
228
236
301
302
382
402
400
452
2,186
2,178
1,870
1,842
2,000
2,061
1,904
1,827
2,126
74
25
35
60
63
67
98
123
78
309
260
191
243
177
65
75
91
92
14,082
11,910
9,894
9,859
10,792
11,265
11,573
10,831
11,359
69,502
51,238
38,416
36,120
48,536
58,842
58,214
66,008
70,081
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
24,015
16,010
15,715
15,645
17,213
20,369
22,981
25,026
26,226
31,798
13,333
11,821
10,876
9,405
9,308
10,218
11,560
13,225
14,907
16,663
99
109
236
228
212
260
264
357
369
443
132
253
330
246
252
195
203
227
284
326
590
830
1,265
1,192
1,271
1,401
1,569
2,020
1,975
1,866
1,982
2,184
2,558
2,343
2,171
2,034
2,124
2,778
3,043
2,982
84
81
117
160
134
190
337
611
796
707
115
128
154
141
104
224
180
158
227
194
11,610
12,110
13,083
12,749
12,190
11,952
13,241
13,320
12,967
12,642
51,960
43,526
44,334
42,109
42,855
46,843
52,459
57,722
60,794
67,621
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
36,296
41,962
26,766
23,283
26,999
33,019
33,792
38,336
15,383
15,381
13,482
11,716
11,792
12,292
11,940
11,949
531
762
1,006
1,321
2,759
3,338
2,695
2,450
252
294
280
332
489
647
613
615
1,925
1,985
1,807
1,872
1,928
1,866
1,571
1,414
3,194
3,464
2,650
2,336
2,397
2,536
2,709
2,483
810
1,185
1,316
1,696
2,631
2,889
2,284
1,796
236
189
228
291
342
376
355
357
12,418
13,533
12,313
11,886
12,940
13,583
13,429
13,222
71,045
78,755
59,848
54,733
62,277
70,546
69,388
72,622
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
120
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 5.06 continued
Permanent and Long-term Migration
By country of last or next permanent residence
1981–2007
June year
Australia
United
Kingdom
China, PR
India
Japan
United
States
Korea,
South Africa
Republic of
Other(1)
All countries
Net permanent and long-term migration(4)
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
-31,100
-16,017
-2,617
-58
-13,618
-23,778
-19,321
-28,228
-31,016
4,336
5,991
3,187
-1,227
-3,014
-1,415
1,140
351
-2,229
65
-33
-26
0
25
45
115
206
305
84
35
-20
47
-9
65
87
136
113
89
44
40
130
109
95
288
724
1,030
-4
26
462
250
7
1
640
546
-46
-10
11
-11
13
19
45
52
299
138
-71
70
117
-12
107
424
680
456
121
1,687
4,530
5,475
4,370
3,110
2,682
4,344
7,228
7,449
-24,924
-5,343
6,607
3,513
-13,264
-21,836
-11,975
-18,282
-24,135
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
-7,360
1,910
-2,842
-3,979
-3,889
-7,723
-9,880
-12,481
-14,738
-22,219
-2,559
890
150
1,402
3,208
3,381
3,390
946
-2,408
-4,370
314
475
353
610
737
2,270
3,996
3,397
2,547
2,464
109
26
-21
217
499
1,329
2,077
1,930
1,181
1,245
1,268
1,125
1,136
1,175
1,788
2,013
2,639
2,466
2,121
2,202
286
88
-396
-51
522
929
786
164
-464
-529
355
425
538
1,754
2,444
3,410
3,557
1,397
125
-64
74
106
59
430
2,606
2,011
1,851
2,703
2,363
2,179
10,098
7,377
4,614
7,144
8,900
15,109
21,090
16,248
9,725
7,723
2,585
12,422
3,591
8,702
16,815
22,729
29,506
16,770
452
-11,369
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
-25,526
-30,965
-13,707
-9,673
-12,422
-19,277
-20,459
-24,953
-512
-815
4,920
8,469
9,446
9,281
10,460
9,429
4,128
7,250
13,756
14,796
5,550
1,291
1,355
1,593
1,829
2,899
5,786
6,075
3,438
2,017
1,987
2,790
1,935
1,742
2,343
2,317
1,883
1,806
1,740
1,409
-630
-943
513
982
1,093
1,051
994
1,113
62
393
1,910
2,011
-74
-982
-494
340
2,080
2,358
3,179
2,103
1,139
1,012
1,299
1,672
6,874
8,815
14,115
15,437
11,955
12,394
13,806
16,685
-9,760
-9,266
32,815
42,517
22,008
8,593
10,688
10,078
(1) Includes not stated.
(2) Permanent and long-term arrivals include overseas migrants who arrive in New Zealand intending to stay for a period of 12 months or more
(or permanently), plus New Zealand residents returning after an absence of 12 months or more.
(3) Permanent and long-term departures include New Zealand residents departing for an intended period of 12 months or more (or permanently),
plus overseas visitors departing New Zealand after a stay of 12 months or more.
(4) Excess of arrivals over departures. A minus sign denotes an excess of departures over arrivals.
121
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 5.07
Overseas Visitor Arrivals(1)
By country of last permanent residence
1999–2007
Country
June year
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Oceania
Australia
Cook Islands
Fiji
French Polynesia
New Caledonia
Samoa
Tonga
582,742
507,702
6,394
13,640
7,315
5,665
11,942
7,863
632,939
549,264
6,139
14,706
9,681
6,795
12,810
7,668
709,158
611,327
7,083
14,424
13,658
7,222
15,129
8,999
724,644
624,249
7,490
16,069
17,053
7,920
13,891
9,723
752,862
655,467
8,342
15,943
16,843
8,937
14,011
9,970
880,342
782,126
8,464
15,492
17,849
9,817
15,551
10,146
981,348
874,860
9,476
19,415
17,772
10,376
14,995
10,510
995,364
880,774
10,360
21,309
17,944
10,751
16,768
10,882
1,041,324
919,824
10,632
21,498
16,744
11,564
17,671
12,390
Asia
China, PR
Hong Kong (SAR)
India
Japan
Korea, Republic of
Malaysia
Singapore
Taiwan
Thailand
356,029
17,625
30,081
5,697
149,196
29,026
16,121
29,457
42,090
20,095
406,488
28,705
29,707
7,780
146,665
58,649
17,872
35,538
39,320
25,275
459,425
42,895
30,480
10,808
161,277
74,617
21,372
34,978
38,759
24,988
491,031
65,110
28,924
15,467
150,343
97,880
21,049
32,682
36,865
22,739
506,326
70,711
26,719
14,776
163,388
111,032
20,327
31,797
29,290
19,482
524,845
74,329
27,779
15,834
160,844
118,229
25,801
34,058
26,689
21,071
529,677
83,934
27,028
16,737
163,169
113,902
24,705
31,962
27,616
20,680
511,779
96,978
24,870
19,332
145,497
107,900
21,877
29,088
28,902
17,653
519,058
116,601
23,550
20,946
127,652
111,979
20,171
27,474
27,945
19,800
Europe
Denmark
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
296,244
7,227
7,868
44,179
5,988
6,129
18,315
3,334
8,894
11,579
161,533
340,788
7,277
11,061
49,412
8,412
8,559
21,340
4,164
10,927
13,243
182,061
377,370
7,342
10,131
53,478
10,312
6,648
25,436
4,235
10,977
13,787
209,359
395,797
7,687
11,555
48,557
12,804
6,638
24,803
4,347
11,274
14,232
228,086
437,577
8,530
14,556
51,190
14,269
9,017
27,059
5,350
12,993
16,127
249,516
471,040
9,215
15,524
54,714
16,357
6,988
25,858
5,552
12,379
15,338
277,924
510,372
9,427
16,378
57,389
20,343
7,402
26,111
6,473
13,025
14,772
305,283
501,252
9,897
18,066
58,135
19,792
7,739
26,481
7,313
12,264
14,008
294,225
519,700
11,056
19,400
59,080
20,275
8,109
27,397
8,458
11,918
14,685
301,599
Americas
Brazil
Canada
United States of
America
213,000
3,275
32,407
167,549
241,156
4,044
32,821
192,604
247,218
5,454
35,844
194,686
249,122
5,675
38,528
194,798
262,720
5,320
39,914
207,840
269,368
5,649
40,330
212,854
280,654
6,366
41,763
220,678
287,625
8,193
43,739
222,532
293,334
9,810
46,892
221,405
90,997
14,961
69,153
15,444
91,187
16,726
95,607
16,865
89,349
15,336
102,534
16,321
77,446
15,960
67,339
17,848
75,108
20,017
1,539,233
1,693,124
1,884,476
1,955,702
2,050,294
2,250,191
2,403,768
2,377,603
2,457,794
Other(2)
South Africa
All countries(3)
2006
2007
(1) Non-New Zealand resident arrivals intending to stay in New Zealand for less than 12 months.
(2) Includes not stated.
(3) These totals are actual counts and may differ slightly from the sum of individual figures for the different countries, which are derived
from samples.
122
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 5.08
New Zealand Resident Short-term Departures(1)
By country of main destination
1999–2007
Country
June year
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Oceania
Australia
Cook Islands
Fiji
French Polynesia
New Caledonia
Norfolk Island
Samoa
Tonga
Vanuatu
750,694
620,119
13,007
69,939
4,244
6,473
6,222
13,779
6,300
5,304
785,467
657,474
15,593
59,624
4,998
6,884
6,422
15,987
7,344
6,887
810,835
688,644
20,621
49,186
3,744
8,659
6,157
15,540
7,291
6,552
787,676
648,979
20,934
66,723
4,934
6,262
6,115
14,697
8,118
6,672
794,190
657,991
23,649
65,103
4,010
4,730
5,563
15,083
7,989
6,315
Asia
China, PR
Hong Kong (SAR)
India
Indonesia
Japan
Korea, Republic of
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Taiwan
Thailand
Viet Nam
157,311
10,233
21,872
7,286
21,177
16,839
8,455
12,358
3,930
15,773
17,615
14,439
1,242
151,263
12,068
20,894
7,453
16,111
15,380
8,460
11,812
4,753
14,534
17,037
15,091
1,353
165,560
16,480
20,938
8,488
18,733
15,471
9,443
14,009
4,354
16,371
14,930
16,977
1,861
166,485
23,585
20,195
8,836
15,609
17,234
10,035
11,363
4,044
13,674
13,931
18,000
2,960
Europe
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
United Kingdom
103,812
5,593
6,496
3,943
4,968
1,627
68,504
110,897
6,272
6,616
5,343
5,336
1,692
72,109
108,149
6,475
6,790
6,809
5,451
1,813
64,896
Americas
Canada
United States of
America
96,800
12,987
78,191
96,985
13,179
77,831
Other(2)
South Africa
72,954
5,979
1,181,789
All countries(3)
2005
2006
2007
956,031
792,366
26,836
81,502
4,863
5,204
6,542
17,187
9,759
6,774
1,125,201
919,334
36,200
103,834
5,618
5,396
8,732
22,264
11,551
6,945
1,170,646
941,088
44,202
109,837
5,718
6,489
7,209
28,985
12,578
8,671
1,197,810
958,671
49,037
103,798
5,979
7,801
7,063
33,751
15,534
9,458
152,006
27,136
14,216
9,791
11,836
16,311
11,974
10,404
3,913
10,767
11,239
14,984
2,849
193,743
41,687
18,123
14,189
12,318
16,886
14,350
13,116
4,994
13,374
12,860
19,235
4,151
220,279
49,166
19,287
18,705
13,682
18,543
15,304
15,022
6,080
14,664
12,147
22,775
5,222
237,099
51,766
19,005
21,043
11,773
18,393
15,276
17,756
6,782
15,503
12,386
29,468
6,652
241,655
53,981
18,163
25,261
11,317
18,151
15,220
17,117
7,249
15,460
11,030
29,793
7,306
102,138
7,028
6,007
5,894
4,790
2,069
61,526
105,531
7,223
6,455
5,973
3,761
2,539
64,019
125,377
9,163
7,962
7,592
4,869
2,910
73,480
138,248
10,737
7,177
9,121
5,202
3,304
78,501
157,864
10,988
9,714
10,588
6,142
4,568
91,085
166,492
12,271
10,099
11,440
5,874
6,603
91,662
94,963
14,401
75,395
81,463
12,333
63,801
80,902
11,517
63,283
93,715
13,395
73,511
110,731
14,043
87,788
115,823
16,728
88,806
116,831
17,116
87,906
85,545
6,969
120,019
7,129
129,047
7,772
144,613
9,212
177,611
8,927
211,830
12,001
203,210
12,326
198,053
12,811
1,231,119
1,300,027
1,267,409
1,278,204
1,547,960
1,809,894
1,887,480
1,924,064
(1) New Zealand residents departing for less than 12 months.
(2) Includes not stated.
(3) These totals are actual counts and may differ slightly from the sum of individual figures for the different countries, which are derived
from samples.
123
Demographic Trends: 2007
6 Subnational population estimates
•
The estimated resident population of the South Island reached 1.01 million at
30 June 2007, exceeding one million for the first time.
•
At 30 June 2007, 76 out of every 100 New Zealand residents lived in the
North Island.
•
The fastest-growing regions in the June 2007 year were Auckland (up 1.7 percent)
and Canterbury (up 1.3 percent).
•
At 30 June 2007, about one-third of New Zealand’s residents lived in the Auckland
Region, and over half of the South Island’s residents lived in the Canterbury Region.
•
Of the 73 territorial authorities, 52 had population increases and 21 had population
decreases during the June 2007 year.
•
The fastest-growing territorial authorities in the June 2007 year were QueenstownLakes District (up 5.5 percent), Selwyn District (up 4.0 percent), Rodney District
(up 2.4 percent), Waimakariri District (up 2.3 percent), Manukau City and Franklin
District (up 2.2 percent each), Central Otago District (up 2.1 percent), Tauranga City
(up 2.0 percent) and Papakura District (up 1.7 percent).
•
Over half (53.1 percent) of all New Zealanders were living in the four largest urban
areas (Auckland, Hamilton, Wellington and Christchurch) at 30 June 2007.
Figure 6.01
Regional Population Change
2006–2007
124
Demographic Trends: 2007
Introduction
The estimated resident population of an area in New Zealand includes all people who
usually live in that area at a given date. The latest population estimates available are
based on the census usually resident population count of each area from the 2006
Census of Population and Dwellings (held 7 March 2006). These counts are then
updated for: net census undercount (as measured by the 2006 Post-enumeration
Survey); the number of residents temporarily overseas on census night; reconciliation
with demographic estimates at ages 0–4 years; and births, deaths and net permanent
and long-term migration between census date and the date of the estimate.
North and South Island populations
New Zealand’s estimated resident population increased by 43,700 (1.0 percent) to
reach 4,228,300 at 30 June 2007. An estimated 3,219,200 people lived in the North
Island at 30 June 2007, an increase of 34,100 (1.1 percent) from 30 June 2006. The
estimated resident population of the South Island grew by 9,600 (1.0 percent) in the
June 2007 year to reach 1,008,400, exceeding one million for the first time.
At 30 June 2007, 76 out of every 100 New Zealand residents lived in the North Island.
The four northernmost regions (Northland, Auckland, Waikato and Bay of Plenty)
contained just over half (52.4 percent) of the New Zealand resident population. The
Canterbury Region, with an estimated resident population of 546,900, was home to
54.2 percent of South Island residents.
Population of regions
Twelve of the 16 regions recorded population increases during the June 2007 year.
Of these 12 regions, the largest numerical increases in population were in Auckland
(23,000), Canterbury (6,900), Wellington (4,000), Waikato (3,500), Bay of Plenty
(2,400), Otago (1,900) and Northland (1,200).
Auckland (1.7 percent) and Canterbury (1.3 percent) had growth rates above the
national average of 1.0 percent in the June 2007 year. Ten regions had positive growth
rates at or below the national average: Marlborough (1.0 percent), Waikato, Bay of
Plenty, Wellington and Otago (0.9 percent each), Northland and Tasman (0.8 percent
each), West Coast (0.5 percent), Nelson (0.4 percent) and Hawke’s Bay (0.3 percent).
The Gisborne, Taranaki, Manawatu-Wanganui and Southland regions had
population decreases.
In the June 2007 year, all 16 regions had gains from natural increase (excess of births
over deaths) and ten regions had gains from net migration (internal and external
migration combined). There were three regions that received more than half their
population growth through net migration (Marlborough, Canterbury and Otago). Six
regions had net migration losses ranging from 100 people (Nelson) to 1,600 people
(Manawatu-Wanganui).
Territorial authorities
In the June 2007 year, 52 of the 73 territorial authorities had population increases, and
22 had growth rates at or above the 1.0 percent national average. The highest rates of
population growth were in Queenstown-Lakes District (5.5 percent), Selwyn District
(4.0 percent), Rodney District (2.4 percent), Waimakariri District (2.3 percent), Manukau
City and Franklin District (2.2 percent each), Central Otago District (2.1 percent),
Tauranga City (2.0 percent) and Papakura District (1.7 percent).
There were 21 territorial authorities that recorded population decreases in the June
2007 year. Rates of population decrease ranged from 0.1 percent (Whakatane,
Gisborne, Horowhenua and Clutha districts) to 1.8 percent (Ruapehu District).
125
Demographic Trends: 2007
The combined population of the 16 cities grew by 31,600 (1.3 percent) during the
June 2007 year to reach 2,554,900, while the combined population of the districts
grew by 12,200 (0.7 percent) to reach 1,672,300. At 30 June 2007, 60.4 percent of
New Zealand residents were living in the 16 cities.
Urban areas
At 30 June 2007, the estimated resident population of the 16 main urban areas was
3,053,300 (72.2 percent of New Zealand’s population). A further 250,100 people lived
in secondary urban areas (5.9 percent of New Zealand’s population). The main and
secondary urban populations increased by 36,400 (1.2 percent) and 700 (0.3 percent),
respectively, during the June 2007 year.
The four largest urban areas – Auckland, Hamilton, Wellington and Christchurch – were
home to 53.1 percent of New Zealand residents at 30 June 2007, up from 51.6 percent
at 30 June 2001. The Auckland Urban Area was home to 40 out of every 100 North
Island residents. The Christchurch Urban Area was home to 38 out of every 100 South
Island residents.
In the June 2007 year, Tauranga (2.0 percent) was the fastest-growing main urban area,
followed by Auckland (1.7 percent), Hamilton (1.6 percent), Kapiti (1.4 percent) and
Christchurch (1.1 percent). Nine main urban areas recorded positive growth rates below
the national average of 1.0 percent, and two main urban areas – Rotorua and Wanganui
– had population decreases.
Where to find additional information
Subnational population estimates information releases are available on the Statistics
New Zealand website at:
www.stats.govt.nz/products-and-services/info-releases/subnat-pop-est-info-releases.htm
Additional tables are available on the Statistics NZ website at:
www.stats.govt.nz/tables/subnat-pop-estimates-tables.htm
Details of the base population at 30 June 2006, including the estimated resident
population of regional council areas, territorial authority areas and area units, by five-year
age group and sex, can be found at: www.stats.govt.nz/tables/population-estimates.htm
For information about subnational population estimates, go to:
www2.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/omni/omni.nsf/outputs/population+estimates
126
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 6.01
Area, Estimated Resident Population and Population Change
Regional council areas
2001–2007
Population at 30 June (3)
Regional council area(1)
Area
(square
kilometres) (2)
At 30 June 2007
2001
2006 R
2007
Share of NZ
population
(percent)
People per
square
kilometre
Population change
2006–2007
(percent)
Northland Region
Auckland Region
Waikato Region
Bay of Plenty Region
Gisborne Region
Hawke's Bay Region
Taranaki Region
Manawatu-Wanganui Region
Wellington Region
13,789
6,051
24,025
12,276
8,355
14,111
7,261
22,207
8,140
144,400
1,216,900
369,800
246,900
45,500
147,300
105,700
227,500
440,200
152,700
1,371,000
395,100
265,300
46,000
152,100
107,300
229,400
466,300
153,800
1,394,000
398,600
267,700
45,900
152,500
107,200
229,000
470,300
3.6
33.0
9.4
6.3
1.1
3.6
2.5
5.4
11.1
11
230
17
22
5
11
15
10
58
0.8
1.7
0.9
0.9
-0.1
0.3
-0.1
-0.1
0.9
Tasman Region
Nelson Region
Marlborough Region
West Coast Region
Canterbury Region
Otago Region
Southland Region
9,771
443
10,781
23,276
44,639
31,239
32,078
42,400
42,900
40,700
31,100
496,700
188,300
93,300
45,800
44,300
43,600
32,100
540,000
199,800
93,200
46,100
44,400
44,000
32,200
546,900
201,700
93,000
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.8
12.9
4.8
2.2
5
100
4
1
12
6
3
0.8
0.4
1.0
0.5
1.3
0.9
-0.2
Northern North Island regions (4)
56,141
1,978,000
2,184,200
2,214,200
52.4
39
1.4
Southern North Island regions (5)
60,074
966,300
1,001,000
1,005,000
23.8
17
0.4
North Island regions
116,215
2,944,300
3,185,100
3,219,200
76.1
28
1.1
South Island regions
152,228
935,400
998,800
1,008,400
23.8
7
1.0
..
760
650
650
0.0
..
-0.5
270,626
3,880,500
4,184,600
4,228,300
100.0
16
1.0
Area outside region
New Zealand
(6)
(1) Based on 2007 regional council boundaries.
(2) Area at 2007. Excludes inland waters and oceanic areas.
(3) The estimated resident population is based on the census usually resident population count, with adjustments for residents missed
or counted more than once by the census (net census undercount), and for residents temporarily overseas on census night.
(4) Northland, Auckland, Waikato and Bay of Plenty regions combined.
(5) Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Taranaki, Manawatu-Wanganui and Wellington regions combined.
(6) Includes the population of Kermadec Islands, Chatham Islands Territory and people on oil rigs.
Note: Individual figures may not sum to stated totals due to rounding.
127
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 6.02
Area, Estimated Resident Population and Population Change
Territorial authority areas
2001–2007
Population at 30 June (3)
Territorial authority area(1)
Area
(square
kilometres) (2)
Far North District
Whangarei District
Kaipara District
Rodney District
North Shore City
Waitakere City
Auckland City
Manukau City
Papakura District
Franklin District
Thames-Coromandel District
Hauraki District
Waikato District
Matamata-Piako District
Hamilton City
Waipa District
Otorohanga District
South Waikato District
Waitomo District
Taupo District
Western Bay of Plenty District
Tauranga City
Rotorua District
Whakatane District
Kawerau District
Opotiki District
Gisborne District
Wairoa District
Hastings District
Napier City
Central Hawke's Bay District
New Plymouth District
Stratford District
South Taranaki District
Ruapehu District
Wanganui District
Rangitikei District
Manawatu District
Palmerston North City
Tararua District
Horowhenua District
Kapiti Coast District
Porirua City
Upper Hutt City
Lower Hutt City
Wellington City
Masterton District
Carterton District
South Wairarapa District
7,311
2,855
3,117
2,427
129
367
664
683
119
2,188
2,297
1,188
3,141
1,754
98
1,469
2,063
1,817
3,547
6,325
2,121
168
2,405
4,457
22
3,090
8,355
4,066
5,217
106
3,328
2,206
2,163
3,576
6,730
2,373
4,479
2,624
336
4,361
1,064
731
182
540
377
290
2,299
1,180
2,386
2001
2006 R
56,400
70,000
17,950
78,500
194,200
176,200
388,800
298,200
42,300
53,300
25,800
17,250
41,300
30,300
120,900
40,000
9,590
24,200
9,780
32,500
39,300
93,300
66,900
34,100
7,290
9,490
45,500
9,260
69,600
55,200
13,200
68,400
9,110
28,400
15,000
44,400
15,500
28,200
75,200
18,350
30,600
43,600
49,500
37,700
99,100
171,100
23,200
7,000
8,940
57,500
76,500
18,550
92,400
216,900
195,300
428,300
347,100
46,900
60,900
26,700
17,600
45,400
31,200
134,400
43,700
9,310
23,200
9,680
33,400
43,300
106,700
68,100
34,500
7,150
9,200
45,900
8,720
73,200
56,800
13,250
71,100
9,120
27,200
14,050
43,800
15,150
29,000
78,500
18,050
30,600
47,500
50,600
39,700
101,300
187,700
23,200
7,260
9,120
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
128
At 30 June 2007
2007
57,800
77,500
18,600
94,700
220,200
198,400
433,200
354,800
47,700
62,200
26,800
17,650
46,000
31,200
136,600
44,200
9,250
22,900
9,600
33,500
43,900
108,800
68,000
34,400
7,070
9,140
45,900
8,580
73,600
56,900
13,250
71,400
9,090
26,800
13,800
43,600
15,050
29,100
78,800
17,950
30,500
48,000
50,700
40,000
101,500
190,500
23,100
7,300
9,140
Share of NZ
population
(percent)
People per
square
kilometre
1.4
1.8
0.4
2.2
5.2
4.7
10.2
8.4
1.1
1.5
0.6
0.4
1.1
0.7
3.2
1.0
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.8
1.0
2.6
1.6
0.8
0.2
0.2
1.1
0.2
1.7
1.3
0.3
1.7
0.2
0.6
0.3
1.0
0.4
0.7
1.9
0.4
0.7
1.1
1.2
0.9
2.4
4.5
0.5
0.2
0.2
8
27
6
39
1,711
540
653
520
402
28
12
15
15
18
1,394
30
4
13
3
5
21
647
28
8
322
3
5
2
14
539
4
32
4
8
2
18
3
11
235
4
29
66
278
74
270
656
10
6
4
Population change
2006–2007
(percent)
0.4
1.2
0.1
2.4
1.5
1.6
1.1
2.2
1.7
2.2
0.4
0.2
1.3
0.2
1.6
1.3
-0.7
-1.3
-0.8
0.1
1.4
2.0
-0.2
-0.1
-1.0
-0.6
-0.1
-1.6
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.4
-0.3
-1.3
-1.8
-0.5
-0.7
0.4
0.4
-0.8
-0.1
1.2
0.3
0.8
0.3
1.5
-0.4
0.5
0.2
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 6.02 continued
Area, Estimated Resident Population and Population Change
Territorial authority areas
2001–2007
Population at 30 June (3)
At 30 June 2007
Territorial authority area(1)
Area
(square
kilometres) (2)
2001
2006 R
2007
Tasman District
Nelson City
Marlborough District
Kaikoura District
Buller District
Grey District
Westland District
Hurunui District
Waimakariri District
Christchurch City(4)
Selwyn District
Ashburton District
Timaru District
Mackenzie District
Waimate District
Chatham Islands Territory
Waitaki District
Central Otago District
Queenstown-Lakes District
Dunedin City
Clutha District
Southland District
Gore District
Invercargill City
9,771
443
10,781
2,046
7,955
3,476
11,845
8,647
2,219
1,541
6,384
6,182
2,736
7,138
3,554
..
7,107
9,945
8,704
3,342
6,335
30,336
1,252
491
42,400
42,900
40,700
3,580
9,860
13,200
7,990
10,150
37,900
335,300
28,300
26,000
42,800
3,790
7,220
750
20,500
14,750
17,850
119,300
17,550
29,400
12,750
51,100
45,800
44,300
43,600
3,730
9,940
13,550
8,620
10,750
44,100
361,800
35,000
28,000
43,800
3,900
7,380
650
20,700
17,050
24,100
122,300
17,200
29,200
12,400
51,600
46,100
44,400
44,000
3,750
9,960
13,600
8,690
10,800
45,100
365,700
36,400
28,400
43,900
3,920
7,420
640
20,700
17,450
25,400
122,500
17,200
29,100
12,300
51,600
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
1.1
8.6
0.9
0.7
1.0
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.4
0.6
2.9
0.4
0.7
0.3
1.2
5
100
4
2
1
4
1
1
20
237
6
5
16
1
2
..
3
2
3
37
3
1
10
105
0.8
0.4
1.0
0.8
0.2
0.5
0.9
0.2
2.3
1.1
4.0
1.3
0.2
0.5
0.5
-0.5
0.0
2.1
5.5
0.1
-0.1
-0.4
-0.9
0.0
Cities
Districts
Chatham Islands Territory
9,756
257,265
..
2,307,800
1,571,500
750
2,523,400
1,660,100
650
2,554,900
1,672,300
640
60.4
39.6
0.0
262
7
..
1.3
0.7
-0.5
New Zealand(5)
270,626
3,880,500
4,184,600
4,228,300
100.0
16
1.0
Share of NZ
population
(percent)
People per
square
kilometre
Population change
2006–2007
(percent)
(1) Based on 2007 territorial authority boundaries.
(2) Area at 2007. Excludes inland waters and oceanic areas.
(3) The estimated resident population is based on the census usually resident population count, with adjustments for residents missed
or counted more than once by the census (net census undercount), and for residents temporarily overseas on census night.
(4) On 6 March 2006, Banks Peninsula District amalgamated with Christchurch City. For the purposes of time series, Banks
Peninsula data for 2001 and 2006 have been incorporated under Christchurch City.
(5) Includes the population of inlets, ships, oil rigs, and Bays-Waiheke, Kermadec, Mayor, Motiti and White Islands, which are not included
in a territorial authority.
Note: Individual figures may not sum to stated totals due to rounding.
129
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 6.03
Area, Estimated Resident Population and Population Change
Urban areas
2001–2007
Population at 30 June (3)
Urban area(1)
Area
(square
kilometres) (2)
2001
2006 R
At 30 June 2007
2007
Share of NZ
population
(percent)
People per
square
kilometre
Population change
2006–2007
(percent)
Main urban area
Whangarei
Auckland
Northern Auckland Zone
Western Auckland Zone
Central Auckland Zone
Southern Auckland Zone
Hamilton
Hamilton Zone
Cambridge Zone
Te Awamutu Zone
Tauranga
Rotorua
Gisborne
Napier-Hastings
Napier Zone
Hastings Zone
New Plymouth
Wanganui
Palmerston North
Kapiti
Wellington
Upper Hutt Zone
Lower Hutt Zone
Porirua Zone
Wellington Zone
Nelson
Christchurch
Dunedin
Invercargill
141
1,084
274
264
154
392
1,099
877
83
140
178
89
85
389
140
249
109
105
179
60
447
54
135
139
119
146
608
255
123
47,500
1,129,700
230,300
181,300
380,100
338,000
172,300
144,200
14,250
13,850
98,100
54,600
32,800
117,200
56,100
61,100
49,100
40,500
75,800
34,600
354,200
35,800
98,600
49,400
170,300
55,300
345,600
111,800
47,500
50,500
1,272,800
260,800
201,400
419,200
391,400
191,700
161,200
15,600
14,900
112,100
55,600
33,600
121,900
57,700
64,200
50,800
40,000
79,000
38,300
375,600
37,600
100,700
50,400
186,900
58,000
374,500
114,400
47,900
50,900
1,294,000
265,300
204,700
424,100
399,900
194,800
163,900
15,800
15,050
114,300
55,500
33,600
122,500
57,900
64,600
51,000
39,800
79,300
38,900
379,100
37,900
101,000
50,600
189,600
58,400
378,700
114,600
48,000
1.2
30.6
6.3
4.8
10.0
9.5
4.6
3.9
0.4
0.4
2.7
1.3
0.8
2.9
1.4
1.5
1.2
0.9
1.9
0.9
9.0
0.9
2.4
1.2
4.5
1.4
9.0
2.7
1.1
361
1,193
969
775
2,745
1,020
177
187
191
108
641
626
396
315
413
259
468
380
444
646
847
702
747
363
1,595
400
623
449
390
0.7
1.7
1.8
1.6
1.2
2.2
1.6
1.6
1.3
1.1
2.0
-0.2
0.1
0.4
0.3
0.6
0.4
-0.5
0.4
1.4
0.9
0.8
0.3
0.3
1.5
0.5
1.1
0.1
0.0
Main urban areas
5,098
2,766,500
3,017,000
3,053,300
72.2
599
1.2
87
43
116
78
115
46
109
101
94
48
75
74
53
74
19,450
14,950
21,000
18,350
11,250
14,000
19,500
20,000
27,400
9,740
16,100
27,300
12,950
10,150
23,300
13,900
21,900
18,800
11,050
14,250
19,600
20,000
29,200
9,890
17,250
27,500
12,950
9,870
24,000
13,650
22,000
18,800
10,950
14,300
19,550
19,900
29,400
9,910
17,450
27,500
12,950
9,770
0.6
0.3
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.7
0.2
0.4
0.7
0.3
0.2
275
320
189
242
96
313
180
197
311
206
231
374
244
132
2.9
-2.0
0.2
0.0
-0.7
0.2
-0.1
-0.4
0.8
0.2
1.1
0.1
0.0
-1.1
1,113
242,200
249,500
250,100
5.9
225
0.3
Secondary urban area
Pukekohe
Tokoroa
Taupo
Whakatane
Hawera
Feilding
Levin
Masterton
Blenheim
Greymouth
Ashburton
Timaru
Oamaru
Gore
Secondary urban areas
(1) Urban areas are based on 2007 urban area boundaries, but are defined on the basis of the 1996 Census usually resident population count.
(2) Area at 2007. Excludes inland waters and oceanic areas.
(3) The estimated resident population is based on the census usually resident population count, with adjustments for residents missed
or counted more than once by the census (net census undercount), and for residents temporarily overseas on census night.
Note: Individual figures may not sum to stated totals due to rounding.
130
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 6.04
Components of Population Change
Regional council areas
2001–2007
At 30 June 2006–2007
Regional council area(1)
Natural
increase(2)
Net migration(3)
Northland Region
Auckland Region
Waikato Region
Bay of Plenty Region
Gisborne Region
Hawke's Bay Region
Taranaki Region
Manawatu-Wanganui Region
Wellington Region
Tasman Region
Nelson Region
Marlborough Region
West Coast Region
Canterbury Region
Otago Region
Southland Region
1,100
15,170
3,240
1,780
360
1,000
590
1,270
3,830
220
250
130
130
3,240
750
580
New Zealand(4)
33,660
Average annual change 2001–2006 R
Population
change
Natural
increase(2)
Net migration(3)
Population
change
70
7,860
220
600
-390
-540
-680
-1,590
220
130
-80
280
30
3,640
1,100
-780
1,170
23,020
3,460
2,390
-40
460
-90
-330
4,050
350
170
410
160
6,890
1,860
-190
810
13,180
2,890
1,670
340
840
470
1,070
3,440
230
170
90
90
2,470
590
430
850
17,650
2,180
2,010
-250
110
-160
-700
1,770
440
110
480
110
6,200
1,700
-450
1,660
30,830
5,070
3,680
90
950
310
370
5,210
670
280
570
210
8,670
2,300
-10
10,080
43,730
28,790
32,030
60,820
(1) Based on 2007 regional council boundaries.
(2) Excess of births over deaths (both by date of occurrence).
(3) Net external migration plus net internal migration. Net external migration is the excess of permanent and long-term arrivals over
permanent and long-term departures. Net internal migration is estimated using symptomatic data series.
(4) Includes area outside regional council boundaries.
Note: Individual figures may not sum to stated totals due to rounding.
131
Demographic Trends: 2007
7 Induced abortions
•
There were 17,934 induced abortions performed in New Zealand during the
December 2006 year, slightly up from 17,531 in 2005.
•
In 2006, the general abortion rate was 19.6 abortions per 1,000 women aged
15–44 years.
•
In 1996, the general abortion rate was 17.3 abortions per 1,000 women aged
15–44 years.
•
New Zealand’s general abortion rate of 19.6 abortions per 1,000 women in 2006
was similar to rates in Sweden (20.2 in 2005), Australia (19.3 in 2004) and the
United States (20.8 in 2003).
•
Women aged 20–24 years had the highest abortion rate in 2006 (37 abortions per
1,000 women aged 20–24 years). Three in every 10 abortions are performed on
women aged 20–24 years.
•
The median age of women having an abortion was 24.5 years in 2006. The median
age has remained stable at around 25 years over the last decade.
•
About one-half of all women who had an abortion in 2006 had no children.
•
Two-thirds of abortions are performed between 8 and 11 weeks of gestation. Nearly
ninety percent of all abortions are performed between 8 and 15 weeks of gestation.
•
Approximately two-thirds of women having an abortion in 2006 had had no
previous abortions.
•
In 2006, there were 77,497 known pregnancies (stillbirths, live births and
abortions combined).
•
The total pregnancy rate was 2.6 known pregnancies per woman in 2006. (The total
pregnancy rate is the average number of pregnancies a woman would have during
her life if she experienced the age-specific pregnancy rates of a given period.)
Figure 7.01
Age-specific Abortion Rates
1981–2006
50
Abortions per 1,000 women
40
30
20
10
0
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
December year
15-19 years
25-29 years
35-39 years
20-24 years
30-34 years
40-44 years
132
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
Demographic Trends: 2007
Number of induced abortions
The number of abortions performed in New Zealand has increased for the first time
since 2003. There were 17,934 abortions performed in New Zealand in the December
2006 year. This was 2.3 percent more than in the December 2005 year,
but 1.5 percent less than in the December 2004 year.
Abortion rates
Abortion rates give an indication of the number of abortions a group of women is likely
to have over a period of time. The general abortion rate (abortions per 1,000 women
aged 15–44 years) increased from 19.3 in 2005 to 19.6 in 2006. In 1996 the general
abortion rate was 17.3 per 1,000.
Age-specific abortion rates indicate that women aged 20–24 years have more abortions
than women in other age groups. In 2006, this age group had an abortion rate of 37
abortions per 1,000 women aged 20–24 years, significantly higher than any other age
group. Women aged 25–29 years and women aged 15–19 both had the next highest
rate (26 per 1,000 women).
Since 1996, abortion rates have increased for all age groups. In 2006, women aged
20–24 years had approximately five more abortions per 1,000 women than their
counterparts in 1996; women aged 25–29 and 15–19 years both had four more
abortions per 1,000 women in each respective age group.
On the basis of the 2006 age-specific abortion rates, 1,000 New Zealand women could
expect to have 608 induced abortions during their reproductive life (this is known as the
total abortion rate). The total abortion rate for the year 2006 represents a 17 percent
increase on the rate of 519 per 1,000 recorded a decade earlier in 1996.
Abortion ratios
An abortion ratio measures the likelihood of a pregnancy being terminated by an
abortion. In 2006 the abortion ratio was 231 abortions per 1,000 known pregnancies
(live births, stillbirths and abortions combined).
International comparison
International comparisons are affected by both statistical coverage and laws relating to
induced abortion. Consequently, differences between New Zealand and other countries’
abortion rates should be interpreted with care.
Although abortion rates in New Zealand increased noticeably until 2003, the trend in
many European countries has been for relatively little change. In 2006, the general
abortion rate (abortions per 1,000 women aged 15–44 years) for New Zealand was
19.6 per 1,000. Scotland (11.9), Denmark (14.3), Norway (15.2), England and Wales
(17.8), the Netherlands (8.6), and Finland (9.3) had lower rates in 2005 than
New Zealand, as did Germany (7.7 in 2004) and Canada (14.1 in 2004). Abortion
rates in Sweden (20.2 in 2005), Australia (19.3 in 2004), and the United States
(20.8 in 2003) were similar to the New Zealand level.
Previous children
About one-half of all women who had an abortion in 2006 had no children. Further
analysis shows sharp differences by age. Nine out of 10 women aged under 20 years
who had an abortion in 2006 had no children. Seven out of 10 women aged 35 and
over had had two or more children. These figures have not changed during the previous
five years.
133
Demographic Trends: 2007
Previous abortions
Most abortions (64 percent) in 2005 and 2006 were first abortions. This compares
with 66 percent during 2000–2003 and 71 percent in 1996. Eleven percent of women
having an abortion in 2006 had had two or more previous abortions, up from 7 percent
in 1996.
Duration of pregnancy
Over the decade 1996–2006, more abortions were performed during the tenth week of
gestation than at any other length of gestation. In 2006, about one in five abortions took
place in the tenth week of gestation. Twelve percent of abortions were performed during
or after the thirteenth week.
Ethnicity
Abortion data for 2002 onwards are based on an ethnicity question that aligns with the
2001 Census question on ethnicity. Each abortion has been included in every ethnic
group stated. For this reason, some abortions are counted more than once and ethnic
group totals sum to more than the New Zealand total.
In 2006, there were 9,859 abortions to women who identified with the European ethnic
group (either as their only ethnic group or as one of their ethnic groups). There were
4,097 abortions to women who identified with the Mäori ethnic group, 2,935 to women
who identified with the Asian ethnic group, and 2,134 to women who identified with the
Pacific ethnic group. Abortion rates and pregnancy rates by ethnicity are not available,
as Statistics New Zealand does not produce annual population estimates for the Asian,
Pacific, and European ethnic groups.
The median age of women having an abortion in 2006 was 24 years for the European,
Pacific and Mäori ethnic groups, 25 years for the Middle Eastern, Latin American and
African ethnic grouping, and 26 years for the Asian ethnic group.
Pregnancies
Pregnancies in this publication refer to known pregnancies (legally induced abortions,
live births and stillbirths). The figures do not include data on miscarriage, as miscarriage
is not a notifiable event in New Zealand and as such there is no information available on
the number of miscarriages.
In 2006, the highest pregnancy rate occurred for women aged 30–34 years
(137 pregnancies per 1,000 women aged 30–34 years), closely followed by
women aged 25–29 years (132 per 1,000 women).
Abortion statistics by region
In 2004, a new question asking for ‘domicile code’ was added to ASC Form No 4
(the ‘Notification of Abortion’ form that must be forwarded to the Abortion Supervisory
Committee within one month of an abortion taking place). As a result, abortion statistics
by region are now available from Statistics New Zealand on request. However, due to
different rates of ‘not stated region’ across hospitals, regional data should be interpreted
with care. This is the only subnational data currently available.
Revised abortion rates
Abortion rates for 2001–2006 have been revised using 2006-based population
estimates. The revised 2006-based rates are not comparable with the 2001-based rates
previously published in Demographic Trends.
134
Demographic Trends: 2007
Where to find additional information
Abortion statistics information releases are available on the Statistics NZ website at:
www.stats.govt.nz/products-and-services/info-releases/abortion-stats.htm
Additional tables are available on the Statistics NZ website at:
www.stats.govt.nz/tables/abortions-tables.htm
For information about abortion statistics, go to:
www2.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/omni/omni.nsf/outputs/Abortion statistics
135
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 7.01
Induced Abortions, Rates and Ratios
1979–2006
December
year
Induced
abortions(1)
Crude
abortion
rate(2)
General
abortion
rate(3)
General abortion ratio
Per 1,000
live births
Per 1,000
abortions and
live births
De facto population concept
1979
3,653
1.2
5.3
70
65
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
5,945
6,759
6,903
7,198
7,275
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
8.5
9.6
9.6
9.7
9.6
118
133
138
143
141
105
117
121
125
123
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
7,130
8,079
8,789
10,044
10,200
2.2
2.5
2.7
3.0
3.1
9.3
10.5
11.3
12.8
12.9
138
153
159
175
176
121
133
137
149
149
1990
11,173
3.3
14.0
186
157
Resident population concept
1991
1992
1993
11,613
11,595
11,893
3.3
3.3
3.3
14.0
13.9
14.3
194
196
202
162
164
168
1994
12,835
3.5
15.3
224
183
1995
13,652
3.7
16.1
237
191
1996
14,805
4.0
17.3
258
205
1997
1998(4)
15,208
4.0
17.6
264
209
15,029
3.9
17.4
263
208
1999
15,501
4.0
18.0
272
214
2000
16,103
4.2
18.7
284
221
2001
16,410
4.2 R
19.1 R
294
227
2002
17,380
4.4 R
19.9 R
322
243
2003
18,511
4.6 R
20.8 R
330
248
2004
18,211
4.5 R
20.2 R
314
239
2005
17,531
4.2 R
19.3 R
304
233
303
233
2006
17,934
4.3
19.6
Source: Abortion Supervisory Committee report to Parliament.
(1) Induced abortions registered in New Zealand.
(2) Per 1,000 mean estimated population.
(3) Per 1,000 mean estimated number of women aged 15–44 years.
(4) Abortion ratios are based on birth notifications.
Note: Abortion rates from 1991 onwards are based on the mean estimated resident population. Before 1991,
abortion rates are based on the mean estimated de facto population.
136
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 7.02
General Abortion Rate(1)
New Zealand and other low fertility countries
1996–2005
Country
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Australia(2)
21.5
21.0
20.8
20.4
20.6
20.8
20.3
19.7
19.3
..
..
16.8
15.7
15.1
15.0
15.2
14.9
14.7
14.1
..
16.5
15.5
15.1
15.1
14.6
14.3
14.1
14.7
14.4
14.3
15.7
15.9
16.6
16.1
16.2
16.2
16.2
16.6
Canada(3)
Denmark
England and Wales (4)
16.9
17.8
Finland(5)
8.3 R
8.2 R
8.7 R
8.8 R
9.0 R
8.9 R
9.1 R
9.0 R
9.4
9.3
Germany
Japan(6)
7.6
7.9
8.0
7.7
8.0
8.0
7.8
7.6
7.7
..
13.3
13.4
13.3
13.4
..
13.8
..
..
..
..
6.5
6.6
7.1
7.4
8.0
8.4
8.7
8.5 R
8.7
8.6
Netherlands(4)
NEW ZEALAND
17.3
17.6
17.4
18.0
18.7
19.1 R
19.9 R
20.8 R
20.2 R
19.3 R
Norway
Scotland(4)
15.6
15.2
15.3
15.5
16.0
15.1
14.8
15.1
15.3
15.2
10.9
11.1
11.5
11.2
11.1
11.3
11.0
11.6 R
11.8
Sweden
18.7
18.4
18.3
18.1
18.3
18.7
19.6
20.2 R
20.0
11.9
20.2
United States
22.4
21.9
21.5
21.4
21.3
21.1
20.9
20.8
..
..
(1) Per 1,000 mean estimated number of women aged 15–44 years.
(2) Abortions are estimated based on Medicare and hospital morbidity statistics.
(3) Per 1,000 women aged 14–44. Excludes abortions performed on non-Canadian residents. Due to changes in data collection methods in
Ontario, caution should be taken when comparing data from 1999 onwards with earlier years.
(4) Residents only.
(5) Per 1,000 women aged 15–49.
(6) Abortion reporting is incomplete and the rates are at least 20 percent higher than indicated.
Note: Sources for international data are located in the references section at the end of this publication.
137
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 7.03
Induced Abortions and Abortion Rates
By age
1996–2006
Age (years)
December year
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
66
3,240
4,728
3,450
2,555
1,730
593
48
78
3,602
5,124
3,450
2,676
1,715
686
49
89
3,757
5,670
3,619
2,800
1,846
692
38
16,410
17,380
18,511
2005
2006
85
3,758
5,528
3,501
2,644
1,916
721
58
92
3,718
5,203
3,491
2,520
1,773
687
47
105
3,978
5,314
3,530
2,497
1,777
691
42
18,211
17,531
17,934
2004
Induced abortions
11–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45+
All ages
60
2,909
4,397
3,239
2,315
1,419
430
36
56
2,906
4,484
3,378
2,369
1,502
492
21
65
2,832
4,355
3,381
2,368
1,559
444
25
56
2,846
4,477
3,447
2,435
1,642
560
38
74
3,107
4,548
3,399
2,496
1,823
613
43
14,805
15,208
15,029
15,501
16,103
(1)
Abortion rates
11–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45+(2)
0.6
22.0
31.3
22.2
15.0
9.4
3.2
0.3
0.5
21.9
32.8
22.9
15.4
9.7
3.6
0.2
0.6
21.3
32.8
23.1
15.5
9.8
3.1
0.2
0.5
21.4
34.6
24.1
16.0
10.2
3.9
0.3
0.7
23.1
35.7
24.5
16.4
11.4
4.1
0.3
0.6
23.8
36.9
25.9
16.8
10.9
3.9
0.4
519.3
534.2
531.6
554.1
580.4
594.9 R
Median age (years)
25.0
25.2
25.3
25.5
Source: Abortion Supervisory Committee report to Parliament.
25.4
25.2
Total abortion rate(3)
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
0.6
25.6
38.8
26.4
17.4
10.8
4.4
0.4
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
0.7
25.9
41.1
27.9
18.0
11.6
4.3
0.3
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
0.7 R
25.4 R
39.1 R
26.8 R
17.0 R
12.0 R
4.3 R
0.4 R
0.7
24.6
36.2
26.5
16.4
11.0
4.1
0.3
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
0.9
25.8
36.5
26.4
16.7
10.9
4.1
0.3
621.3 R
648.2 R
628.7 R
600.8 R
608.2
24.9
24.7
24.7
24.7
24.5
(1) Per 1,000 mean female estimated resident population in each age group.
(2) Per 1,000 mean female estimated resident population aged 45–49 years.
(3) The average number of abortions 1,000 women would have during their reproductive life if they experienced the age-specific abortion rates
of a given period (usually a year). It excludes the effects of mortality.
Note: Abortions data refer to induced abortions registered in New Zealand.
138
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 7.04
Induced Abortions
By age group and previous live births
2002–2006
Age group
(years)
Previous live births
0
1
2
3
4
5
6+
Total
Year ended 31 December 2002
Under 20
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45+
3,260
3,090
1,301
593
244
51
8
355
1,107
783
572
299
99
8
54
660
767
798
585
240
17
11
209
395
408
329
155
9
0
45
132
191
156
76
2
0
10
51
74
51
31
4
0
3
21
40
51
34
1
3,680
5,124
3,450
2,676
1,715
686
49
All ages
8,547
3,223
3,121
1,516
602
221
150
17,380
Year ended 31 December 2003
Under 20
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45+
3,404
3,614
1,388
705
263
70
7
387
1,160
761
567
329
106
2
52
639
821
811
646
225
12
3
195
419
423
314
166
6
0
49
169
168
166
78
4
0
11
45
73
76
24
4
0
2
16
53
52
23
3
3,846
5,670
3,619
2,800
1,846
692
38
All ages
9,451
3,312
3,206
1,526
634
233
149
18,511
Year ended 31 December 2004
Under 20
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45+
3,379
3,493
1,334
645
277
80
8
399
1,160
803
542
341
115
6
60
646
742
770
674
242
18
5
178
395
382
352
150
11
0
39
160
185
164
68
10
0
10
51
87
71
36
2
0
2
16
33
37
30
3
3,843
5,528
3,501
2,644
1,916
721
58
All ages
9,216
3,366
3,152
1,473
626
257
121
18,211
Year ended 31 December 2005
Under 20
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45+
3,355
3,262
1,325
607
272
70
3
399
1,152
733
526
298
130
7
52
557
823
739
594
229
16
3
176
373
370
326
136
11
1
47
148
171
149
62
4
0
7
64
65
78
39
5
0
2
25
42
56
21
1
3,810
5,203
3,491
2,520
1,773
687
47
All ages
8,894
3,245
3,010
1,395
582
258
147
17,531
Year ended 31 December 2006
Under 20
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45+
3,541
3,293
1,304
578
279
81
2
473
1,218
767
486
331
115
11
66
599
801
729
571
236
11
2
162
398
368
310
150
7
1
36
182
204
157
55
5
0
6
52
81
73
29
3
0
0
26
51
56
25
3
4,083
5,314
3,530
2,497
1,777
691
42
All ages
9,078
3,401
3,013
1,397
Source: Abortion Supervisory Committee report to Parliament.
640
244
161
17,934
Note: Abortions data refer to induced abortions registered in New Zealand.
139
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 7.05
Induced Abortions
By age group and estimated duration of pregnancy
2002–2006
Age group
(years)
Duration of pregnancy (weeks)
Up to 7
8–11
12–15
16–19
20+
Total
Year ended 31 December 2002
Under 20
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45+
All ages
186
322
230
202
140
45
4
2,384
3,316
2,274
1,742
1,134
479
34
1,018
1,382
868
642
372
136
9
81
92
61
58
56
22
2
11
12
17
32
13
4
0
3,680
5,124
3,450
2,676
1,715
686
49
1,129
11,363
4,427
372
89
17,380
Year ended 31 December 2003
Under 20
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45+
All ages
209
431
233
211
145
47
5
2,427
3,607
2,351
1,819
1,193
451
24
1,114
1,508
937
691
456
166
8
89
99
68
57
38
24
0
7
25
30
22
14
4
1
3,846
5,670
3,619
2,800
1,846
692
38
1,281
11,872
4,880
375
103
18,511
Year ended 31 December 2004
Under 20
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45+
All ages
198
414
238
184
146
78
5
2,572
3,712
2,369
1,792
1,303
494
38
975
1,279
818
590
394
122
11
92
109
63
53
52
20
4
6
14
13
25
21
7
0
3,843
5,528
3,501
2,644
1,916
721
58
1,263
12,280
4,189
393
86
18,211
Year ended 31 December 2005
Under 20
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45+
All ages
200
402
246
199
155
64
5
2,505
3,355
2,236
1,632
1,127
455
31
995
1,319
909
608
420
141
10
96
118
77
63
52
24
1
14
9
23
18
19
3
0
3,810
5,203
3,491
2,520
1,773
687
47
1,271
11,341
4,402
431
86
17,531
Year ended 31 December 2006
Under 20
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45+
1,120
1,219
837
587
371
128
11
105
132
83
63
57
22
2
3
17
17
33
21
6
0
4,083
5,314
3,530
2,497
1,777
691
42
All ages
1,526
11,574
4,273
Source: Abortion Supervisory Committee report to Parliament.
464
97
17,934
252
471
313
222
190
74
4
2,603
3,475
2,280
1,592
1,138
461
25
Note: Abortions data refer to induced abortions registered in New Zealand.
140
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 7.06
Induced Abortions by Ethnicity
2006
Number
Ethnic group
Total response(1)
European
9,859
Mäori
4,097
Pacific
2,134
Asian
MELAA(2)
2,935
Other(3)
One ethnic group(4)
European only
8,553
Mäori only
2,910
Pacific only
1,726
2,802
Asian only
Two ethnic groups(5)
213
51
MELAA only
Other only(3)
198
European/Mäori
986
European/Pacific
192
European/Asian
45
European/MELAA
European/Other(3)
11
34
8
Mäori/Pacific
116
Mäori/Asian
22
Pacific/Asian
47
Other combinations of two ethnic groups
Three or more ethnic groups(6)
8
65
Not stated
211
Induced abortions
Source: Abortion Supervisory Committee report to Parliament.
17,934
(1) Each abortion has been included in every ethnic group stated. For this reason, some abortions are
counted more than once.
(2) Middle Eastern, Latin American and African.
(3) Includes New Zealanders and other ethnicities not elsewhere included.
(4) Includes abortions where only one ethnic group was stated or the ethnic groups stated were all in the
same broad group.
(5) Includes abortions where the stated groups belonged to two different broad groups.
(6) Includes all other ethnic combinations.
Note: Abortions data refer to induced abortions registered in New Zealand.
141
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 7.07
Age group
(years)
Induced Abortions by Age Group and Ethnicity(1)
2002–2006
Ethnic group(2)
European
Mäori
Pacific
Asian
Total(3)
Year ended 31 December 2002
Under 20
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40+
2,265
2,682
1,859
1,515
985
457
903
1,228
863
529
269
107
337
631
473
320
176
72
513
988
496
420
329
114
3,680
5,124
3,450
2,676
1,715
735
All ages
9,763
3,899
2,009
2,860
17,380
Under 20
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40+
2,454
2,811
1,965
1,570
1,046
425
956
1,280
849
571
299
98
379
711
494
312
195
70
527
1,355
592
504
368
156
3,846
5,670
3,619
2,800
1,846
730
All ages
10,271
4,053
2,161
3,502
18,511
Year ended 31 December 2003
Year ended 31 December 2004
Under 20
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40+
2,574
2,838
1,852
1,507
1,118
469
946
1,263
850
491
278
78
348
696
448
278
204
86
369
1,193
602
474
382
155
3,843
5,528
3,501
2,644
1,916
779
All ages
10,358
3,906
2,060
3,175
18,211
Year ended 31 December 2005
Under 20
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40+
2,453
2,626
1,770
1,437
1,022
424
1,001
1,153
867
487
267
107
403
633
465
291
183
75
319
1,110
613
440
330
145
3,810
5,203
3,491
2,520
1,773
734
All ages
9,732
3,882
2,050
2,957
17,531
447
683
472
292
171
69
261
1,091
634
440
341
168
4,083
5,314
3,530
2,497
1,777
733
2,134
2,935
17,934
Year ended 31 December 2006
Under 20
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40+
2,686
2,688
1,741
1,337
1,010
397
1,064
1,222
886
544
279
102
All ages
9,859
4,097
Source: Abortion Supervisory Committee report to Parliament.
(1) Ethnic data for 2002 onwards are based on a question that aligns with the 2001 Census question on ethnicity.
(2) Each abortion has been included in every ethnic group stated. For this reason, some abortions are counted
more than once.
(3) Includes Middle Eastern, Latin American, African, New Zealander, not elsewhere included, and not stated cases.
Note: Abortions data refer to induced abortions registered in New Zealand.
142
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 7.08
Known Pregnancies and Crude Abortion Ratios
By age
1996–2006
Age group
(years)
December year
1996
1997
(1)
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Known pregnancies(2)
11–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45+
87
7,325
15,873
20,756
18,663
8,161
1,512
90
105
7,280
15,388
20,585
19,105
8,935
1,710
68
100
6,859
14,729
20,148
19,352
9,522
1,710
81
86
6,731
14,568
19,987
19,600
9,903
1,965
94
105
6,916
14,484
19,254
19,762
10,319
2,124
93
95
7,005
14,534
18,636
19,650
10,309
2,186
119
107
7,217
14,439
17,278
19,704
10,449
2,445
116
118
7,541
15,205
17,691
20,409
11,213
2,684
130
122
7,804
15,576
17,678
21,062
11,612
2,764
149
129
7,845
14,975
17,359
20,616
11,861
2,711
140
141
8,342
15,679
17,699
20,476
12,244
2,765
151
All ages
72,467
73,176
72,501
72,934
73,057
72,534
71,755
74,991
76,767
75,636
77,497
Crude abortion ratio(3)
11–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45+
Crude abortion
ratio(4)
690
397
277
156
124
174
284
400
533
399
291
164
124
168
288
309
650
413
296
168
122
164
260
309
651
423
307
172
124
166
285
404
204
208
207
213
Source: Abortion Supervisory Committee report to Parliament.
705
449
314
177
126
177
289
462
695
463
325
185
130
168
271
403
729
499
355
200
136
164
281
422
754
498
373
205
137
165
258
292
697
482
355
198
126
165
261
389
713
474
347
201
122
149
253
336
745
477
339
199
122
145
250
278
220
226
242
247
237
232
231
(1) The number of births and stillbirths included in the known pregnancies are based on birth notifications (not registrations).
(2) Live births, stillbirths and induced abortions combined. These figures do not include data on miscarriage. Because miscarriage is not a notifiable
event in New Zealand, no information is available on the number of miscarriages in a given year.
(3) Induced abortions per 1,000 known pregnancies to women in each age group.
(4) Induced abortions per 1,000 known pregnancies to women aged 11–49 years.
Note: Abortions data refer to induced abortions registered in New Zealand. Births data refer to births registered in New Zealand to mothers
resident in New Zealand by date of registration.
143
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 7.09
Known Pregnancies and Pregnancy Rates
By age
1996–2006
Age group
(years)
December year
1996
1997
(1)
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Known pregnancies(2)
11–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45+
87
7,325
15,873
20,756
18,663
8,161
1,512
90
105
7,280
15,388
20,585
19,105
8,935
1,710
68
100
6,859
14,729
20,148
19,352
9,522
1,710
81
86
6,731
14,568
19,987
19,600
9,903
1,965
94
105
6,916
14,484
19,254
19,762
10,319
2,124
93
95
7,005
14,534
18,636
19,650
10,309
2,186
119
107
7,217
14,439
17,278
19,704
10,449
2,445
116
118
7,541
15,205
17,691
20,409
11,213
2,684
130
122
7,804
15,576
17,678
21,062
11,612
2,764
149
129
7,845
14,975
17,359
20,616
11,861
2,711
140
141
8,342
15,679
17,699
20,476
12,244
2,765
151
All ages
72,467
73,176
72,501
72,934
73,057
72,534
71,755
74,991
76,767
75,636
77,497
Pregnancy rates(3)
11–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45+(4)
0.8
50.5
112.5
139.8
129.0
61.5
13.6
0.7
0.9
51.5
113.7
138.6
130.2
64.3
14.3
0.7
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
Source: Abortion Supervisory Committee report to Parliament.
2.6
Total pregnancy
rate(5)
0.8
55.3
113.0
142.2
120.9
54.3
11.3
0.7
1.0
54.9
112.6
139.6
124.0
57.4
12.4
0.5
0.9
51.6
111.1
137.9
126.7
59.7
12.1
0.6
0.8
51.4
113.4
139.8
129.0
65.0
14.4
0.9
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
2.6 R
0.9
51.3
109.2
132.4
127.9
66.0
15.5
0.8
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
2.5 R
1.0
52.0
110.2
136.2
130.9
70.8
16.5
0.9
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
2.6 R
1.0
52.8
110.1
135.4
135.4
72.8
16.6
1.0
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
2.6 R
1.1
52.0
104.3
132.0
134.2
73.7
16.2
0.9
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
1.2
54.1
107.7
132.1
136.7
74.9
16.6
1.0
2.6 R
2.6
(1) Births and stillbirths included in the known pregnancies are based on birth notifications (not registrations).
(2) Live births, stillbirths and induced abortions combined. These figures do not include data on miscarriage. Because miscarriage is not a
notifiable event in New Zealand, no information is available on the number of miscarriages in a given year.
(3) Known pregnancies per 1,000 mean female estimated resident population in each age group.
(4) Known pregnancies per 1,000 mean female estimated resident population aged 45–49 years.
(5) The average number of pregnancies a woman would have during her life if she experienced the age-specific pregnancy rates of a given period
(usually a year). It excludes the effect of mortality.
Note: Abortions data refer to induced abortions registered in New Zealand. Births data refer to births registered in New Zealand to mothers
resident in New Zealand by date of registration.
144
Demographic Trends: 2007
8 National demographic projections
•
New Zealand’s population is projected to reach five million in the late 2020s,
according to the mid-range projection scenario (series 5).
•
The population growth rate will slow steadily, because of the narrowing gap between
births and deaths. Deaths are projected to exceed births in the 2050s.
•
The age structure of the population will continue to undergo gradual but significant
changes, resulting in more older people and further ageing of the population.
•
Half of New Zealand’s population will be aged 44 years and older by 2061,
compared with a median age of 36 years in 2006.
•
By 2061, 1.44 million will be aged 65 years and over, 2.8 times the total of 510,000
in 2006.
•
Between 2001 and 2021, the broad Asian, Pacific and Mäori ethnic populations are
all projected to grow faster than the New Zealand population overall.
•
The numbers of families and households will grow faster than the population
between 2001 and 2021, reflecting the trend towards smaller average
household size.
•
The average size of households will decrease from 2.6 people in 2001 to 2.4 people
in 2021.
•
One-person households are projected to increase by 46 percent, from 333,000 in
2001 to 488,000 in 2021.
•
Most of the growth in families will be in ‘couple without children’ families as the
large number of people born during the 1950s to early 1970s reach ages 50 years
and over.
•
New Zealand’s labour force is projected to peak at 2.39 million in the mid-2020s,
before declining slightly to 2.38 million in 2051.
•
Half the New Zealand labour force will be older than 42 years in 2012, compared
with a median age of 39 years in 2001 and 36 years in 1991.
Figure 8.01
Population by Broad Age Group
1951–2061
Series 5
2,000
(000)
1,500
1,000
500
0
1951
Historical
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
Projected
2011
2021
2031
2041
2051
June year
0–14 years
Note:
15–39 years
40–64 years
65 years and over
The break in series between 1990 and 1991 denotes a change from the de facto population concept to the resident
population concept.
145
2061
Demographic Trends: 2007
Introduction
This chapter presents the latest national demographic projections for New Zealand.
It includes projections of total population, population by age, ethnic populations, the
number of households and families, and the labour force. These projections are not
predictions or forecasts, but are an indication of future demographic change using
assumptions about future patterns in fertility (births), mortality (deaths), migration, interethnic mobility, living arrangement types and labour force participation. Multiple series
are produced to demonstrate the impact of different assumptions. Unless otherwise
stated, the mid-range projection series will be used for discussion in this commentary.
New national population projections based on the results of the 2006 Census were
released on 24 October 2007. Other national projections will be updated and released
in 2008. As a result, the projections of ethnic populations, families and households, and
labour force presented here are unchanged from Demographic Trends 2006, and use
the earlier 2001-base population. For a schedule of projection releases, use the web link
at the end of this commentary.
New Zealand’s population
The projected shape of New Zealand’s future population will be noticeably different
from what it is today. Population growth will slow down between 2006 and 2061.
The national population is expected to reach five million in 2028, 5.09 million in 2031
and 5.57 million in 2061.
The slowing of the population growth during the projection period is driven by the
narrowing gap between births and deaths. Annual births are expected to initially increase
from 58,000 in 2006 to 62,000 in 2007–2009, and then average 59,000 for the
remainder of the projection period. This trend reflects the assumed decrease in total
fertility rates from 2.1 in 2007 to 1.9 from 2026.
In contrast, deaths are expected to increase steadily from 27,000 in 2006 to 45,000
in 2036 and 62,000 in 2061, despite assumed lower death rates and increased life
expectancy. This is because of the large number of people born during the 1950s to
early 1970s reaching the older ages.
Population by age
All projection series indicate more older people and further ageing of the population.
The median age (half the population is older, and half younger, than this age) of
New Zealand’s population increased from 26 years in 1971 to 36 years in 2006.
The median age will continue to increase to 40 years by 2027 and to 44 years by 2061
(series 5).
The number of children (0–14 years) peaked in 1974 at 940,000. Reflecting previous
birth numbers, the number of children decreased to 770,000 in 1989, before generally
increasing to 890,000 in 2006. The number is expected to increase to 900,000 in
2013 and then remain relatively stable between 900,000 and 920,000 over the
remainder of the projection period. By 2061, children will account for only 16 percent of
the population compared with 21 percent in 2006 and about 33 percent in the
early 1960s.
The working-age population (those aged 15–64), is projected to grow by 290,000
from 2.78 million in 2006 to 3.08 million in 2026. It will increase further, but only by
150,000, to 3.22 million in 2061. The working-age population will then make up
58 percent of the total population, compared with 67 percent in 2006.
The number of people aged 65 years and over has doubled since 1972, to 510,000
in 2006. By the late 2020s, the number is projected to exceed one million. From the
late 2040s, the 65 and over age group will comprise over 25 percent of the population,
compared with 12 percent in 2006.
146
Demographic Trends: 2007
Population by ethnicity
Ethnic diversity is set to increase in New Zealand in the future. All ethnic populations
will increase numerically, but their relative percentages of the New Zealand population
are projected to change considerably. Mäori will comprise 17 percent of the population
in 2021, up from 15 percent in 2001 (series 6). In a similar trend, Pacific peoples will
comprise 9 percent of the population in 2021, up from 7 percent in 2001.
The most significant change will be to the broad Asian ethnic group, comprising
15 percent of the total population by 2021, up from 7 percent in 2001. European
will still be the largest ethnic group, making up 70 percent of the total population in
2021, although this is a drop from 79 percent in 2001.
In the case of the Asian population, the growth is mainly driven by net migration gains.
In the case of the Pacific and Mäori populations, the growth is mainly driven by higher
fertility rates combined with a youthful age structure.
Each ethnic population consists of all people who identify with that ethnicity. It is
important to note that these populations are not mutually exclusive because people
can and do identify with more than one ethnicity, and can therefore be counted in more
than one ethnic population.
Families
The number of families is projected to reach 1.30 million by 2021 (series 5B), an
increase of 250,000 (24 percent) from an estimated 1.05 million families at
30 June 2001. Couples without children will grow from 39 percent of all families in
2001 to 48 percent in 2021, surpassing two-parent families, which will decrease from
42 percent of all families in 2001 to 33 percent in 2021. These changes are largely the
result of changes in the age structure of the population. The share of one-parent families
will stay relatively static between 2001 and 2021, at about 19 percent of all families.
Female-led one-parent families will continue to constitute around 80 percent of all
one-parent families.
Households
The number of households is projected to reach 1.84 million by 2021 (series 5B),
an increase of 400,000 (28 percent) from an estimated 1.44 million households
at 30 June 2001. There will also be a shift in household types. ‘Family’ households
will decrease from 71 percent of all households in 2001 to 68 percent in 2021. This
decrease is balanced by the growth of one-person households, up from 23 percent
of all households in 2001 to 26 percent in 2021. ‘Other multiperson’ households will
remain relatively static at 6 percent of all households from 2001 to 2021.
Labour force
New Zealand’s labour force is projected to peak at 2.39 million in the mid-2020s,
before declining slightly to 2.38 million in 2051 (series 5M). Half the labour force will
be older than 42 years in 2012, compared with a median age of 39 years in 2001 and
36 years in 1991. Also, in 1991 there were two people aged 25–44 years in the labour
force for every one person aged 45–64 years. By 2013, these age groups will be equal
in number. There also will be a significant increase in the labour force aged 65 years
and over, which is expected to increase from an estimated 25,000 in 1991 and 38,000
in 2001 to 102,000 in 2021.
147
Demographic Trends: 2007
Where to find additional information
National projections information releases and the release timetable for new projections
are available on the Statistics New Zealand website at: www.stats.govt.nz/people/
population/populationprojections.htm
Additional tables are available on the Statistics NZ website at: www.stats.govt.nz/
products-and-services/table-builder/pop-projections.htm
148
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 8.01
Projected Population of New Zealand
1991–2061 (2006-base)
Alternative projections (1)
Projection
At 30 June
assumptions
Fertility
Mortality
(2)
Net migration
Series 1
Series 2
Series 3
Series 4
Series 5
Series 6
Series 7
Series 8
Series 9
Low
High
Low
Medium
Medium
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Low
High
Medium
High
Low
5,000
10,000
10,000
5,000
10,000
15,000
10,000
10,000
15,000
Estimated population (000)
1991
1996
2001
3,495
3,732
3,880
3,495
3,732
3,880
3,495
3,732
3,880
3,495
3,732
3,880
3,495
3,732
3,880
3,495
3,732
3,880
3,495
3,732
3,880
3,495
3,732
3,880
3,495
3,732
3,880
2006 (base)
4,185
4,185
4,185
4,185
4,185
4,185
4,185
4,185
4,185
Projected population (000)
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4,225
4,259
4,292
4,325
4,356
4,227
4,266
4,305
4,344
4,382
4,228
4,268
4,309
4,350
4,390
4,226
4,262
4,299
4,335
4,371
4,228
4,268
4,310
4,352
4,393
4,230
4,274
4,322
4,369
4,415
4,228
4,269
4,311
4,354
4,396
4,228
4,271
4,315
4,360
4,405
4,231
4,278
4,328
4,379
4,430
2016
2021
2026
2031
2036
2041
2046
2051
2056
2061
4,494
4,608
4,700
4,769
4,810
4,825
4,814
4,779
4,726
4,664
4,556
4,711
4,849
4,968
5,061
5,130
5,172
5,188
5,184
5,167
4,578
4,751
4,906
5,042
5,153
5,243
5,315
5,368
5,407
5,438
4,537
4,687
4,821
4,935
5,026
5,096
5,144
5,171
5,180
5,178
4,589
4,771
4,939
5,090
5,218
5,325
5,413
5,481
5,531
5,571
4,640
4,855
5,058
5,244
5,409
5,555
5,683
5,791
5,883
5,964
4,599
4,790
4,971
5,135
5,279
5,404
5,508
5,590
5,653
5,702
4,621
4,831
5,030
5,212
5,376
5,525
5,663
5,786
5,897
6,001
4,684
4,936
5,182
5,416
5,635
5,841
6,037
6,220
6,389
6,548
905
0.8
1,060
0.9
951
0.8
1,028
0.9
1,232
1.0
481
0.3
720
0.4
567
0.3
788
0.5
1,132
0.6
Population change 2006–2031
Number (000)
Average annual(3) (percent)
584
0.5
783
0.7
857
0.7
750
0.7
Population change 2031–2061
Number (000)
Average annual(3) (percent)
-105
-0.1
199
0.1
396
0.3
243
0.2
(1) These projections have as a base the estimated resident population of New Zealand at 30 June 2006. Nine alternative projection series
have been produced using different combinations of fertility, mortality and migration assumptions as outlined in (2) below.
(2) Projection assumptions comprise:
(a) Fertility: Three alternative variants – designated low, medium and high – which assume that fertility rates will vary until the year 2026
when the total fertility rate will reach 1.70, 1.90 and 2.10 births per woman, respectively. After 2026, fertility rates are assumed to
stay constant. The base total fertility rate in 2006 was 1.99 births per woman (based on estimated births by date of occurrence).
(b) Mortality: Three alternative variants – designated low, medium and high – which assume that mortality rates will continue to drop so
that the life expectancy at birth for males will increase to 87.0, 84.5 and 82.0 years, respectively, by 2061. The corresponding life
expectancies at birth for females will be 90.0, 88.0 and 86.0 years in 2061. The base life expectancy at birth in 2005–2007 was 78.2
years for males and 82.2 years for females.
(c) Migration: Three alternative variants – designated low, medium and high – which assume long-run annual net migration of 5,000,
10,000 and 15,000, respectively. Series with long-run annual net migration of 5,000 assume net migration of 8,000 in 2007, 3,000 in
2008 and 4,000 in 2009. Series with long-run annual net migration of 10,000 assume net migration of 10,000 in 2007, 7,000 in 2008
and 9,000 in 2009. Series with long-run annual net migration of 15,000 assume net migration of 12,000 in 2007, 11,000 in 2008 and
14,000 in 2009.
(3) Calculated as a constant rate of annual change over the period.
Note: Individual figures may not sum to stated totals due to rounding.
149
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 8.02
Projected Population by Age Group
Assuming medium fertility, medium mortality and long-run annual net migration of 10,000 (1)
1991–2061 (2006-base)
Population by age group (years)
At 30 June
0–14
15–39
40–64
Number (000)
65+
0–14
15–39
40–64
Percent
65+
Median
age
(years)
Estimated
1991
1996
2001
807
860
877
1,399
1,434
1,389
897
1,009
1,154
391
430
461
23
23
23
40
38
36
26
27
30
11
12
12
31.4
32.9
34.7
2006 (base)
888
1,464
1,321
512
21
35
32
12
35.8
20
20
19
18
18
17
17
17
17
16
16
34
33
32
32
31
30
30
29
29
29
28
33
32
31
30
30
30
29
30
30
30
29
13
15
17
19
21
23
24
24
25
25
26
37.1
37.9
38.8
39.9
40.9
42.0
42.7
43.2
43.6
44.1
44.4
Projected
2011
2016
2021
2026
2031
2036
2041
2046
2051
2056
2061
895
907
918
906
903
902
903
906
910
910
907
1,481
1,504
1,539
1,572
1,576
1,572
1,583
1,593
1,581
1,580
1,583
1,432
1,478
1,498
1,506
1,519
1,543
1,568
1,603
1,637
1,642
1,640
585
700
817
955
1,091
1,201
1,272
1,311
1,353
1,400
1,441
(1) Projection series 5 has been used for all projections in this table.
Note:
(a) For explanation of the projection assumptions, see the footnotes to table 8.01.
(b) Individual figures may not sum to stated totals due to rounding.
150
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 8.03
Projected Ethnic Population of New Zealand
Assuming medium fertility, mortality, migration and inter-ethnic mobility (1)
2001(base)–2021 update
At 30 June
European
Mäori
Asian
Pacific
Population (000)
2001 (base)
3,074
586
272
262
2005
2006
3,148
3,159
621
630
381
392
291
299
2011
2016
2021
3,198
3,218
3,226
674
716
758
476
573
667
337
376
417
395
4.6
155
2.4
Population change 2001–2021
Number (000)
Average annual(2) (percent)
152
0.2
172
1.3
(1) These projections have as a base the estimated resident population of the European, Mäori, Asian and Pacific ethnic
groups at 30 June 2001. Eleven alternative projection series have been produced incorporating different assumptions on the
future fertility, mortality, migration and inter-ethnic mobility of each ethnic population. Projection series 6 has been used for all
projections in this table. Projection series 6 assumptions comprise:
(a) Medium fertility: fertility rates for European, Mäori, Asian and Pacific women will vary until the year 2016 when the total
fertility rate will reach 1.75, 2.40, 1.55, and 2.70 children per woman, respectively. The corresponding total paternity rate
of European, Mäori, Asian and Pacific men with women not of their ethnic group is assumed to reach an average of 0.13,
0.20, and 0.90 children per man, respectively. After 2016, fertility and paternity rates are assumed to stay constant for all
0.80, ethnic groups. The base total fertility rates in 2000–2002 were 1.77, 2.59, 1.67, 2.94 children per European, Mäori,
Asian and Pacific woman and 0.13, 0.85, 0.25, 1.00 children per European, Mäori, Asian and Pacific man, respectively.
(b) Medium mortality: mortality rates will continue to drop so that the life expectancy at birth for European, Mäori, Asian and
Pacific males will increase to 81.8, 76.3, 82.1 and 78.1 years, respectively, by 2021. The corresponding life expectancies
at birth for European, Mäori, Asian and Pacific females in 2021 will be 86.0, 80.3, 86.5 and 82.6 years, respectively. The
base life expectancies at birth in 2000–2002 were 77.4, 69.0, 78.0 and 71.5 years for European, Mäori, Asian and Pacific
males, and 82.2, 73.2, 83.0 and 76.7 years for European, Mäori, Asian and Pacific females, respectively.
(c) Medium migration: long-run annual net migration of European, Mäori, Asian and Pacific people of -5,000, -2,500, 14,000
and 500, respectively.
(d) Medium inter-ethnic mobility: a net change to the European, Mäori, Asian and Pacific populations due to people changing
their ethnic identity at an average annual rate of 0, -0.3, -0.2 and -0.2 percent, respectively.
(2) Calculated as a constant rate of annual change over the period.
Note:
(a) The ethnic populations in this table are not mutually exclusive because people can and do identify with more than one ethnicity.
(b) People who identify with more than one ethnicity have been included in each ethnic population.
(c) Individual figures may not sum to stated totals due to rounding.
151
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 8.04
Projected Labour Force of New Zealand
1991–2051 (2001-base) update
At 30 June
Projection
assumptions (2)
Fertility
Mortality
Net migration
LFPR
Series 1L
Low
High
5,000
Low
Series 1M
Low
High
5,000
Medium
Series 1H
Low
High
5,000
High
Alternative projections (1)
Series 5L
Series 5M Series 5H
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
10,000
10,000
10,000
Low
Medium
High
Series 9L
High
Low
15,000
Low
Series 9M
High
Low
15,000
Medium
Series 9H
High
Low
15,000
High
Estimated labour force(3) (000)
1991
1996
2001 (base)
1,724
1,877
1,965
1,724
1,877
1,965
1,724
1,877
1,965
1,724
1,877
1,965
1,724
1,877
1,965
1,724
1,877
1,965
1,724
1,877
1,965
1,724
1,877
1,965
1,724
1,877
1,965
2,219
2,341
2,415
2,463
2,482
2,479
2,469
2,468
2,473
2,472
2,104
2,211
2,295
2,357
2,400
2,436
2,473
2,522
2,577
2,627
2,166
2,291
2,381
2,446
2,494
2,532
2,571
2,621
2,677
2,729
2,228
2,372
2,466
2,536
2,587
2,628
2,669
2,720
2,778
2,832
517
0.9
435
0.8
528
1.0
622
1.1
-10
0.0
227
0.4
236
0.4
245
0.4
Projected labour force(3) (000)
2006
2011
2016
2021
2026
2031
2036
2041
2046
2051
2,087
2,153
2,200
2,220
2,204
2,160
2,103
2,056
2,015
1,968
2,149
2,232
2,282
2,305
2,290
2,245
2,187
2,138
2,095
2,046
2,210
2,310
2,364
2,390
2,377
2,331
2,271
2,220
2,175
2,125
2,095
2,182
2,248
2,288
2,302
2,298
2,287
2,287
2,292
2,291
2,157
2,262
2,331
2,376
2,392
2,388
2,378
2,377
2,382
2,382
Labour force change 2001–2026
Number (000)
Average annual(4) (percent)
239
0.5
325
0.6
411
0.8
337
0.6
427
0.8
Labour force change 2026–2051
Number (000)
Average annual(4) (percent)
-237
-0.5
-244
-0.4
-252
-0.4
-11
0.0
-10
0.0
(1) These projections have as a base the estimated resident population of New Zealand in the labour force at 30 June 2001. Nine alternative
projection series have been produced by combining different assumptions on the future fertility, mortality, migration and labour force participation
of the population.
(2) Projection assumptions comprise:
(a) Fertility: Three alternative variants – designated low, medium and high – which assume that fertility rates will vary until 2016 when the total
fertility rate will reach 1.60, 1.85 and 2.10 births per woman, respectively. After 2016, fertility rates are assumed to stay constant. The base
total fertility rate in 2001 was 1.97 births per woman.
(b) Mortality: Three alternative variants – designated low, medium and high – which assume that mortality rates will continue to drop so that life
expectancy at birth for males will increase to 86.0, 83.5 and 81.0 years, respectively, by 2051. The corresponding life expectancies for
females in 2051 will be 89.0, 87.0 and 85.0 years. The base life expectancy at birth in 2001 was 76.1 years for males and 81.0 for females.
(c) Migration: Three alternative variants – designated low, medium and high – which assume annual net migration in the long-term of 5,000,
10,000, 15,000, respectively. All series assume net migration of 33,000 in 2002, 43,000 in 2003 and 22,000 in 2004. Series with annual net
migration in the long-term of 5,000 assume net migration of 0 in 2005, -6,000 in 2006, -6,000 in 2007 and 0 in 2008. Series with annual
net migration in the long-term of 10,000 assume net migration of 5,000 in 2005, 2,000 in 2006, 2,000 in 2007 and 6,000 in 2008. Series with
annual net migration in the long-term of 15,000 assume net migration of 10,000 in 2005, 10,000 in 2006, 10,000 in 2007 and 12,000 in 2008.
(d) Labour force participation: Three alternative variants – designated low, medium and high – which assume that labour force participation rates
(LFPRs) will vary until 2011, when the average working life (to age 80 years) for males will be 43.1, 44.6 and 46.2 years, respectively. The
corresponding average working life for females will be 35.0, 36.6 and 38.1 years, respectively. After 2011, LFPRs are assumed to stay
constant. The base average working life (to age 80 years) in 2001 was 43.5 years for males and 34.3 years for females.
(3) The labour force comprises people aged 15 years and over who regularly work for one or more hours per week for financial gain, or work
without pay in a family business, or are unemployed and actively seeking part-time or full-time work.
(4) Calculated as a constant rate of annual change over the period.
Note: Individual figures may not sum to stated totals due to rounding.
152
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 8.05
Projected Families by Family Type
Assuming medium fertility, mortality, migration and 'B' living arrangement type rates (1)
2001(base)–2021 update
At 30 June
Couple without
children(2)
Two-parent(3)
One-parent(4)
Male
Female
Total
All families
Families (000)
2001 (base)
2006
2011
2016
2021
407
456
509
568
623
Number (000)
Average annual(5) (percent)
215
2.1
446
456
449
438
427
37
43
47
52
56
161
174
182
191
198
198
216
230
242
254
1,052
1,128
1,188
1,249
1,303
37
1.0
56
1.2
251
1.1
Family change 2001–2021
-19
-0.2
19
2.1
(1) Nine alternative projection series have been produced incorporating different assumptions on the future fertility, mortality,
migration and living arrangement type patterns of the population. Projection series 5B has been used for the projections in this
table. This uses series 5 of the 2004-base national population projections. For an explanation of the fertility, mortality and
migration assumptions, see footnote 2 to table 8.04. 'B' living arrangement type rates (LATRs) assume LATRs will change
linearly between 2001 and 2021, based on an assessment of observed trends between 1986 and 2001, and likely future trends,
by sex and single year of age.
(2) A couple without children, with or without other people, usually living together in a household.
(3) A couple with children, with or without other people, usually living together in a household.
(4) One parent with children, with or without other people, usually living together in a household.
(5) Calculated as a constant rate of annual change over the period.
Note: Individual figures may not sum to stated totals due to rounding.
153
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 8.06
Projected Households by Household Type
Assuming medium fertility, mortality, migration and 'B' living arrangement type rates (1)
2001(base)–2021 update
At 30 June
Family(2)
Other
multiperson(3)
One-person(4)
All households
Households (000)
2001 (base)
1,019
88
333
1,441
2006
1,091
94
368
1,553
2011
1,147
98
404
1,648
2016
1,203
100
444
1,748
2021
1,253
102
488
1,842
154
1.9
402
1.2
Household change 2001–2021
Number (000)
Average annual(5) (percent)
234
1.0
13
0.7
(1) Nine alternative projection series have been produced incorporating different assumptions on the future fertility, mortality,
migration and living arrangement type patterns of the population. Projection series 5B has been used for the projections in this
table. This uses series 5 of the 2004-base national population projections. For an explanation of the fertility, mortality and
migration assumptions, see footnote 2 to table 8.04. 'B' living arrangement type rates (LATRs) assume LATRs will change
linearly between 2001 and 2021, based on an assessment of observed trends between 1986 and 2001, and likely future trends,
by sex and single year of age.
(2) A household containing two or more people usually living together with at least one couple and/or parent-child relationship, with or
without other people.
(3) A household containing two or more people usually living together, but not in couple or parent-child relationships with each other.
(4) A household containing one person usually living alone.
(5) Calculated as a constant rate of annual change over the period.
Note: Individual figures may not sum to stated totals due to rounding.
154
Demographic Trends: 2007
9 Subnational demographic projections
Under all projection series:
•
Population growth is projected to slow in all 16 regions between 2006 and 2031.
•
All regions, cities and districts will be home to more people aged 65 years and over
in 2031.
Under the medium projection series:
•
Deaths will outnumber births in one-third of territorial authority areas by 2031.
•
Almost half of New Zealand’s 73 territorial authority areas will have fewer residents in
2031 than in 2006.
•
Sixty-two percent of New Zealand’s population growth between 2006 and 2031 will
be in the Auckland region.
•
Manukau City will surpass Christchurch City as the second most populous territorial
authority between 2006 and 2011.
•
Queenstown-Lakes District is projected to have the highest population growth with
an average annual increase of 1.9 percent over the 25 year period (2006–2031).
Figure 9.01
Median Ages in 2006 and 2031
Selected territorial authority areas
Oldest median age in 2031
Youngest median age in 2031
Territorial authority
Territorial authority
Manukau City
Papakura District
Hamilton City
Palmerston North City
Waitakere City
Wellington City
Porirua City
Dunedin City
Auckland City
Otorohanga District
Rotorua District
Waitomo District
2006
30
32
Timaru District
Kaikoura District
Kapiti Coast District
Westland District
Kaipara District
Marlborough District
Horowhenua District
Buller District
Hauraki District
South Wairarapa District
Thames-Coromandel District
Waitaki District
2031
34
36
38
2006
35
40
40
2031
45
50
Age (years)
Age (years)
Note: These graphs use medium series projections.
Introduction
This chapter contains 2006-base population projections for the 16 regional council and
73 territorial authority areas of New Zealand. The projections are neither predictions
nor forecasts. They provide an indication of possible future changes in the size, growth
rate and age-sex structure of the population in subnational areas built on assumptions
about future patterns of fertility (births), mortality (deaths) and migration. While
the assumptions are formulated from an assessment of short-term and long-term
demographic trends, there is no certainty that any of the assumptions will be realised.
Furthermore, Statistics New Zealand makes no judgement on the relative merits of the
projected population changes.
155
55
60
Demographic Trends: 2007
Three projection series (low, medium and high) incorporating different fertility, mortality
and migration assumptions for each area have been produced to illustrate a range of
possible scenarios. Users can make their own judgement as to which projection series
is/are most suitable for their purposes. However, at the time of release, Statistics
New Zealand considers the medium projection series the most suitable for assessing
future population changes. The medium series is consistent with mid-range series 5 of
the 2006-base national population projections, which are outlined in chapter 8.
The projections have the estimated resident population of each area at 30 June 2006
as a base, and cover the period to 2031 at five-year intervals. Detailed projection results,
including projections by five-year age groups and sex, are available from Table Builder on
the Statistics NZ website (www.stats.govt.nz).
The projections in this chapter supersede the 2001-base projections published in
Demographic Trends 2006. The boundaries used are those that existed at
30 June 2006. For this commentary, the ‘medium’ series will be used for discussion.
The analyses below are drawn from both tables published in this chapter and published
Hot Off The Press releases. Family and household projections for subnational areas
using the 2001-base are available on the Statistics NZ website (www.stats.govt.nz) and
will be updated to the new 2006-base in 2008.
North Island and South Island trends
Under the medium series, the population of the North Island is projected to increase
by an average of 0.9 percent a year between 2006 and 2031, from 3.19 million to
3.96 million. Almost three-quarters of this growth will be in the Auckland region, with
the remainder of the North Island projected to grow by an average of 0.5 percent a year
during this period. By 2031, the North Island is projected to be home to 78 percent of
New Zealand’s population, compared with 76 percent in 2006.
The population of the South Island is projected to increase by 0.5 percent a year, from
just under one million in 2006 to 1.13 million in 2031. The faster projected growth of
the North Island mainly reflects its higher rate of natural increase resulting from a higher
birth rate and lower death rate than the South Island.
Regional trends
Under the medium series, 12 of New Zealand’s 16 regional council areas will be
home to more people in 2031 than in 2006. Ten will experience population growth
throughout the projection period, though at a slowing rate. This slowing of growth is due
to declining natural increase (the excess of births over deaths).
The Auckland region is projected to account for 62 percent of New Zealand’s population
growth between 2006 and 2031, with an increase of 560,000, from 1.37 million to
1.93 million. By 2031, Auckland region would be home to 38 percent of New Zealand’s
population, compared with 33 percent in 2006. Natural increase is projected to account
for almost two-thirds of the growth, with the remainder due to net migration gains.
After Auckland, the regions projected to experience the highest numerical growth in
population are Canterbury (101,000), Waikato (64,000), Wellington (63,000) and
Bay of Plenty (61,000).
City and district trends
Of New Zealand’s 73 territorial authority areas (cities and districts), 40 are projected to
have more people in 2031 than in 2006. However, population growth will generally
slow over the projection period because of the narrowing gap between births and
deaths. Between 2006 and 2011, 53 territorial authorities are projected to increase
in population. Between 2026 and 2031, the number of territorial authorities with an
increasing population will have reduced to 31.
156
Demographic Trends: 2007
The highest population growth rate over the 25-year period is projected for
Queenstown-Lakes District, with an average annual increase of 1.9 percent, from
24,100 in 2006 to 39,000 in 2031. Between 2006 and 2031, average annual growth
of 1.7 percent is projected for Selwyn District and Manukau City. Rodney District
(1.6 percent), Waimakariri District and Tauranga City (1.5 percent), and Franklin District
(up 1.4 percent) are also projected to experience relatively high population growth.
Natural increase will contribute most of the population growth in Manukau City, while
net migration gains will be most important in Queenstown-Lakes, Selwyn, Rodney and
Waimakariri districts as well as Tauranga City. Net migration and natural increase will
contribute equally to population growth in Franklin District.
The largest numerical increase in population is projected to occur in Manukau City
– which is projected to be home to 526,000 people in 2031, an increase of 179,000
from 347,000 in 2006. The next largest increase is projected for Auckland City, up
154,000 to 583,000 in 2031. Increases of more than 50,000 over the 25-year period
are also projected for the cities of Waitakere (up 77,000), North Shore (up 72,000) and
Christchurch (up 60,000). Manukau City is projected to surpass Christchurch City as the
second most populous territorial authority between 2006 and 2011.
The largest percentage decreases in population between 2006 and 2031 are projected
for the districts of Kawerau (down 1.1 percent a year); Wairoa (down 1.0 percent); and
Ruapehu, South Waikato and Rangitikei (down 0.9 percent). These five areas are all
likely to have shrinking natural increase and continuing net migration outflows, although
these outflows are assumed to be smaller than experienced historically.
Births and deaths
The general slowing of population growth over the projection period reflects the
narrowing gap between births and deaths. At the regional level, only Auckland will have
more births in 2027–2031 than in 2007–2011. All 16 regions will experience more
deaths. As a result, by 2031 more deaths than births are expected in the Marlborough
and West Coast regions, while deaths will roughly balance births in Taranaki, Nelson
and Southland.
In 60 of the 73 cities and districts, the number of births is expected to drop between
2007–2011 and 2027–2031 due to the decreasing average number of births per
woman, combined with a decline in the number of women in the childbearing ages.
In contrast, the number of deaths is expected to increase in all cities and districts,
despite continued increases in life expectancy. This is because of the increasing number
of people reaching the older ages.
Ageing population
The population of all territorial authority areas is expected to be older in future. However,
there will be considerable variation between areas, largely because of each area’s
current population age structure and different fertility and migration patterns. At the
subnational level in 2006, the median age (half are older, and half are younger, than
this age) ranged from 31 years in Manukau and Hamilton cities to 46 years in ThamesCoromandel District. By 2031, the median age is projected to range from 35 years in
Manukau City to 56 years in Waitaki District (medium series). A median age of 50 years
or older is projected for 12 territorial authority areas in 2031.
The oldest median ages are generally in areas experiencing low fertility and/or a net
outflow of young adults (aged 15–29 years) and a net inflow of people aged 35–74
years. The youngest median ages are generally in areas experiencing high fertility and/or
a net inflow of young adults (such as cities with major tertiary education facilities).
157
Demographic Trends: 2007
Where to find additional information
Subnational projections information releases and the release timetable for new
projections are available on the Statistics New Zealand website at:
www.stats.govt.nz/people/population/populationprojections.htm
Additional tables are available from Table Builder on the Statistics NZ website at:
www.stats.govt.nz/products-and-services/table-builder/pop-projections.htm
For information about population projections, go to:
www.stats.govt.nz/additional-information/projections-overview.htm
158
Demographic Trends: 2007
Figure 9.02
159
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 9.01
Projected Population of Regional Council Areas
2006(base)–2031
Population change
2006–2031
Population at 30 June
Regional council area(1)
Series(2)
2006(3)
2011
2016
2021
2026
2031
Number
Average
annual(4)
(percent)
Northland Region
High
Medium
Low
152,700
162,200
158,600
155,100
170,700
163,600
156,400
178,400
167,700
157,000
185,500
170,900
156,600
191,600
173,000
155,000
38,900
20,400
2,300
0.9
0.5
0.1
Auckland Region
High
Medium
Low
1,371,000
1,514,000
1,483,300
1,452,300
1,660,000
1,597,600
1,535,200
1,806,400
1,711,300
1,616,900
1,952,700
1,823,400
1,696,100
2,097,500
1,932,300
1,770,800
726,500
561,300
399,800
1.7
1.4
1.0
Waikato Region
High
Medium
Low
395,100
421,700
412,000
402,200
446,100
426,500
406,900
468,900
439,100
409,700
490,300
450,000
410,500
510,200
458,900
409,000
115,100
63,800
13,900
1.0
0.6
0.1
Bay of Plenty Region
High
Medium
Low
265,300
286,700
279,900
273,000
306,700
293,100
279,300
325,800
305,200
284,500
344,300
316,400
288,700
361,700
326,200
291,200
96,400
60,800
25,900
1.2
0.8
0.4
Gisborne Region
High
Medium
Low
46,000
47,700
46,500
45,200
49,200
46,700
44,200
50,600
46,800
43,000
51,700
46,500
41,400
52,600
46,000
39,500
6,600
0
-6,500
0.5
0.0
-0.6
Hawke's Bay Region
High
Medium
Low
152,100
158,100
154,900
151,600
163,400
156,900
150,300
167,900
158,100
148,400
171,900
158,600
145,600
175,100
158,200
141,800
23,000
6,100
-10,300
0.6
0.2
-0.3
Taranaki Region
High
Medium
Low
107,300
110,000
107,700
105,500
112,200
107,800
103,300
113,800
107,200
100,600
114,900
105,900
97,100
115,200
103,800
92,800
7,900
-3,400
-14,400
0.3
-0.1
-0.6
Manawatu-Wanganui Region
High
Medium
Low
229,400
237,700
232,400
227,100
245,600
234,900
224,300
252,500
236,400
220,500
258,500
236,900
215,700
263,300
235,900
209,200
33,900
6,500
-20,100
0.6
0.1
-0.4
Wellington Region
High
Medium
Low
466,300
493,100
482,800
472,400
517,900
497,100
476,300
541,200
509,700
478,500
562,900
520,500
478,900
582,700
529,000
476,600
116,400
62,700
10,300
0.9
0.5
0.1
Tasman Region
High
Medium
Low
45,800
49,200
48,000
46,800
52,200
49,800
47,400
55,000
51,400
47,800
57,700
52,800
47,900
60,200
53,900
47,800
14,400
8,100
2,000
1.1
0.7
0.2
Nelson Region
High
Medium
Low
44,300
47,000
45,700
44,500
49,400
46,900
44,500
51,600
47,900
44,300
53,700
48,700
43,900
55,600
49,300
43,200
11,300
5,000
-1,100
0.9
0.4
-0.1
Marlborough Region
High
Medium
Low
43,600
46,400
45,100
43,900
48,700
46,300
43,900
50,800
47,200
43,600
52,500
47,600
42,900
53,800
47,700
41,800
10,300
4,200
-1,700
0.8
0.4
-0.2
West Coast Region
High
Medium
Low
32,100
32,800
32,100
31,400
33,300
31,900
30,500
33,600
31,500
29,400
33,700
30,900
28,200
33,600
30,000
26,600
1,500
-2,100
-5,500
0.2
-0.3
-0.7
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
160
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 9.01 continued
Projected Population of Regional Council Areas
2006(base)–2031
Population change
2006–2031
Population at 30 June
Regional council area(1)
Series(2)
2006(3)
2011
2016
2021
2026
2031
Number
Average
annual(4)
(percent)
Canterbury Region
High
Medium
Low
540,000
578,400
566,000
553,500
612,700
587,900
563,200
644,700
607,400
570,400
675,400
625,100
575,900
704,600
641,000
579,100
164,600
101,000
39,100
1.1
0.7
0.3
Otago Region
High
Medium
Low
199,800
210,800
205,100
199,400
221,200
209,800
198,400
231,000
213,900
196,900
240,300
217,300
194,700
248,800
219,800
191,500
48,900
19,900
-8,300
0.9
0.4
-0.2
Southland Region
High
Medium
Low
93,200
95,100
92,400
89,800
96,600
91,200
85,900
97,500
89,400
81,400
97,900
87,000
76,400
97,600
83,900
70,600
4,400
-9,300
-22,600
0.2
-0.4
-1.1
North Island(5)
High
Medium
Low
3,185,100
3,407,700
3,358,000
3,303,100
3,623,300
3,524,200
3,415,200
3,830,400
3,681,500
3,518,900
4,029,300
3,829,200
3,612,400
4,217,500
3,963,400
3,690,400
1,032,400
778,300
505,300
1.1
0.9
0.6
South Island(6)
High
Medium
Low
998,800
1,050,200
1,034,500
1,016,600
1,094,600
1,063,900
1,028,900
1,134,300
1,088,700
1,037,100
1,170,200
1,109,500
1,041,500
1,201,800
1,125,700
1,040,800
203,000
126,900
42,000
0.7
0.5
0.2
New Zealand(7)
High
Medium
Low
4,184,600
4,430,000
4,393,200
4,356,500
4,683,600
4,588,700
4,494,300
4,935,600
4,770,800
4,607,600
5,182,100
4,939,400
4,699,700
5,416,400
5,089,700
4,768,600
1,231,800
905,100
584,000
1.0
0.8
0.5
(1) Boundaries at 30 June 2006.
(2) Three alternative projection series have been produced using different combinations of fertility, mortality and migration assumptions for
each area.
(3) These projections have as a base the estimated resident population of each area at 30 June 2006.
(4) Calculated as a constant rate of population change over the period.
(5) The medium projection of the North Island is the sum of the medium projections of the North Island regions. The low and high projections
of the North Island are derived independently of the regional projections.
(6) The medium projection of the South Island is the sum of the medium projections of the South Island regions. The low and high projections
of the South Island are derived independently of the regional projections.
(7) New Zealand comprises the North Island and South Island regions plus areas not included in a region (eg Chatham Islands Territory).
The low, medium and high projections of New Zealand are from series 1, 5 and 9, respectively, of the 2006-base national population
projections (released October 2007).
Notes: All derived figures have been calculated using data of greater precision than published.
Owing to rounding, individual figures may not sum to give the stated totals.
161
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 9.02
Projected Population of Territorial Authority Areas
2006–2031 (2006-base)
Population change
2006–2031
Population at 30 June
Territorial authority area(1)
Series(2)
2006(3)
2011
2016
2021
2026
2031
Number
Average
annual(4)
(percent)
Far North District
High
Medium
Low
57,500
60,800
59,500
58,300
63,700
61,200
58,600
66,300
62,400
58,600
68,500
63,200
58,100
70,200
63,500
56,900
12,600
5,900
-600
0.8
0.4
0.0
Whangarei District
High
Medium
Low
76,500
82,200
80,300
78,400
87,400
83,600
79,800
92,400
86,600
80,900
97,100
89,300
81,700
101,500
91,600
82,000
25,000
15,100
5,500
1.1
0.7
0.3
Kaipara District
High
Medium
Low
18,600
19,100
18,700
18,300
19,500
18,700
18,000
19,800
18,600
17,500
19,900
18,300
16,800
19,900
17,900
16,000
1,300
-700
-2,600
0.3
-0.1
-0.6
Rodney District
High
Medium
Low
92,400
104,900
101,400
98,000
117,100
110,100
103,100
129,400
118,800
108,300
141,900
127,500
113,500
154,400
136,200
118,400
61,900
43,700
26,000
2.1
1.6
1.0
North Shore City
High
Medium
Low
216,900
236,500
231,400
226,200
256,800
246,400
236,100
276,800
261,100
245,500
296,400
275,100
254,300
315,400
288,500
262,200
98,500
71,500
45,300
1.5
1.1
0.8
Waitakere City
High
Medium
Low
195,300
215,600
211,500
207,400
235,300
227,000
218,700
254,800
242,200
229,600
274,400
257,200
240,200
294,100
271,900
250,200
98,700
76,600
54,900
1.6
1.3
1.0
Auckland City
High
Medium
Low
428,300
467,100
458,500
449,800
508,000
490,600
473,200
549,100
522,700
496,500
589,200
553,600
518,600
627,600
582,600
538,500
199,300
154,300
110,200
1.5
1.2
0.9
Manukau City
High
Medium
Low
347,100
388,900
382,000
375,000
431,900
417,800
403,600
475,600
453,800
432,100
520,000
490,100
460,500
565,100
526,400
488,300
218,100
179,300
141,300
2.0
1.7
1.4
Papakura District
High
Medium
Low
46,900
51,500
50,200
49,000
56,100
53,500
50,900
60,700
56,700
52,700
65,300
59,900
54,500
70,100
63,100
56,200
23,200
16,200
9,300
1.6
1.2
0.7
Franklin District
High
Medium
Low
60,900
68,100
66,300
64,500
75,100
71,500
67,800
82,000
76,500
70,900
89,000
81,400
73,900
95,900
86,200
76,600
35,100
25,300
15,700
1.8
1.4
0.9
Thames-Coromandel District
High
Medium
Low
26,700
28,400
27,500
26,600
29,900
28,100
26,300
31,300
28,600
25,900
32,600
28,900
25,400
33,700
29,100
24,700
7,100
2,500
-2,000
0.9
0.4
-0.3
Hauraki District
High
Medium
Low
17,600
17,900
17,500
17,100
17,900
17,200
16,400
17,900
16,800
15,700
17,700
16,200
14,700
17,400
15,500
13,600
-200
-2,200
-4,000
-0.1
-0.5
-1.0
Waikato District
High
Medium
Low
45,400
49,500
48,300
47,100
53,400
50,900
48,400
57,200
53,400
49,600
60,900
55,700
50,500
64,400
57,700
51,100
19,000
12,300
5,700
1.4
1.0
0.5
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
162
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 9.02 continued
Projected Population of Territorial Authority Areas
2006–2031 (2006-base)
Population change
2006–2031
Population at 30 June
Territorial authority area(1)
Series(2)
2006(3)
2011
2016
2021
2026
2031
Number
Average
annual(4)
(percent)
Matamata-Piako District
High
Medium
Low
31,200
32,200
31,600
30,900
33,000
31,700
30,400
33,600
31,700
29,700
34,000
31,400
28,800
34,300
30,900
27,700
3,100
-300
-3,500
0.4
0.0
-0.5
Hamilton City
High
Medium
Low
134,400
147,100
143,800
140,400
159,400
152,700
146,000
171,400
161,200
151,200
183,200
169,500
155,900
195,000
177,400
160,200
60,600
43,000
25,800
1.5
1.1
0.7
Waipa District
High
Medium
Low
43,700
46,700
45,800
44,900
49,400
47,600
45,800
51,900
49,200
46,400
54,300
50,500
46,900
56,400
51,700
47,000
12,700
8,000
3,300
1.0
0.7
0.3
Otorohanga District
High
Medium
Low
9,300
9,500
9,200
9,000
9,600
9,100
8,600
9,600
8,900
8,200
9,700
8,700
7,700
9,700
8,400
7,100
300
-1,000
-2,200
0.1
-0.4
-1.1
South Waikato District
High
Medium
Low
23,200
23,300
22,700
22,000
23,100
21,900
20,600
22,800
20,900
19,000
22,300
19,800
17,300
21,700
18,400
15,300
-1,600
-4,800
-8,000
-0.3
-0.9
-1.7
Waitomo District
High
Medium
Low
9,700
9,800
9,600
9,300
9,900
9,400
8,900
10,000
9,200
8,500
10,000
9,000
7,900
9,900
8,600
7,400
300
-1,000
-2,300
0.1
-0.5
-1.1
Taupo District
High
Medium
Low
33,400
34,900
34,200
33,500
36,000
34,700
33,400
37,000
35,000
33,000
37,700
35,000
32,400
38,200
34,800
31,500
4,800
1,400
-1,900
0.5
0.2
-0.2
Western Bay of Plenty District
High
Medium
Low
43,300
47,400
46,200
45,000
51,400
49,000
46,600
55,100
51,500
47,900
58,700
53,800
49,000
62,000
55,800
49,700
18,700
12,500
6,500
1.4
1.0
0.6
Tauranga City
High
Medium
Low
106,700
119,900
116,800
113,700
132,700
126,500
120,300
145,500
136,100
126,800
158,200
145,500
133,100
170,900
154,800
139,100
64,200
48,000
32,400
1.9
1.5
1.1
Rotorua District
High
Medium
Low
68,100
70,800
69,500
68,100
73,100
70,400
67,700
75,100
71,000
66,900
76,900
71,300
65,800
78,400
71,300
64,300
10,300
3,200
-3,800
0.6
0.2
-0.2
Whakatane District
High
Medium
Low
34,500
35,600
35,000
34,300
36,500
35,200
33,800
37,100
35,100
33,100
37,500
34,800
32,100
37,700
34,200
30,800
3,200
-300
-3,700
0.4
0.0
-0.5
Kawerau District
High
Medium
Low
7,100
7,200
7,000
6,700
7,200
6,700
6,200
7,100
6,300
5,600
6,900
5,900
4,900
6,700
5,400
4,200
-500
-1,800
-3,000
-0.3
-1.1
-2.1
Opotiki District
High
Medium
Low
9,200
9,500
9,200
8,800
9,800
9,100
8,400
10,100
9,000
7,900
10,300
8,900
7,400
10,500
8,600
6,800
1,300
-600
-2,400
0.5
-0.3
-1.2
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
163
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 9.02 continued
Projected Population of Territorial Authority Areas
2006–2031 (2006-base)
Population change
2006–2031
Population at 30 June
Territorial authority area(1)
Series(2)
2006(3)
2011
2016
2021
2026
2031
Number
Average
annual(4)
(percent)
Gisborne District
High
Medium
Low
45,900
47,700
46,400
45,200
49,200
46,700
44,200
50,500
46,700
43,000
51,700
46,500
41,400
52,500
45,900
39,400
6,600
0
-6,500
0.5
0.0
-0.6
Wairoa District
High
Medium
Low
8,700
8,500
8,300
8,100
8,500
8,000
7,500
8,400
7,700
7,000
8,300
7,300
6,300
8,100
6,800
5,500
-600
-1,900
-3,200
-0.3
-1.0
-1.8
Hastings District
High
Medium
Low
73,200
76,800
75,400
74,100
80,000
77,300
74,500
82,900
78,800
74,700
85,700
80,200
74,700
88,200
81,100
74,200
15,100
7,900
1,000
0.8
0.4
0.1
Napier City
High
Medium
Low
56,800
59,000
57,700
56,400
60,700
58,200
55,600
62,200
58,300
54,500
63,400
58,200
53,100
64,300
57,700
51,400
7,500
900
-5,400
0.5
0.1
-0.4
Central Hawke's Bay District
High
Medium
Low
13,200
13,700
13,300
12,900
14,000
13,200
12,500
14,200
13,100
12,000
14,300
12,800
11,300
14,300
12,400
10,500
1,000
-900
-2,700
0.3
-0.3
-0.9
New Plymouth District
High
Medium
Low
71,100
73,700
72,300
71,000
75,600
73,000
70,300
77,200
73,200
69,200
78,300
73,000
67,700
79,000
72,200
65,700
7,900
1,100
-5,500
0.4
0.1
-0.3
Stratford District
High
Medium
Low
9,100
9,200
8,900
8,700
9,300
8,800
8,300
9,300
8,500
7,800
9,200
8,200
7,200
9,100
7,900
6,600
0
-1,300
-2,500
0.0
-0.6
-1.3
South Taranaki District
High
Medium
Low
27,200
27,300
26,600
26,000
27,500
26,200
24,900
27,500
25,600
23,700
27,400
24,800
22,300
27,100
23,800
20,600
-100
-3,300
-6,600
0.0
-0.5
-1.1
Ruapehu District
High
Medium
Low
14,000
13,900
13,500
13,200
13,900
13,100
12,400
13,700
12,600
11,400
13,400
11,900
10,400
13,100
11,100
9,100
-1,000
-2,900
-4,900
-0.3
-0.9
-1.7
Wanganui District
High
Medium
Low
43,800
44,400
43,400
42,500
44,800
43,000
41,200
45,100
42,400
39,700
45,200
41,600
38,000
45,000
40,400
36,000
1,300
-3,300
-7,800
0.1
-0.3
-0.8
Rangitikei District
High
Medium
Low
15,100
14,900
14,600
14,200
14,800
14,100
13,400
14,700
13,600
12,400
14,400
12,900
11,400
14,000
12,100
10,300
-1,100
-3,000
-4,900
-0.3
-0.9
-1.5
Manawatu District
High
Medium
Low
29,000
30,600
30,000
29,400
32,100
30,800
29,500
33,400
31,500
29,600
34,700
32,100
29,500
35,900
32,500
29,300
6,800
3,500
200
0.8
0.5
0.0
Palmerston North City
High
Medium
Low
78,500
84,100
82,100
80,100
89,300
85,400
81,400
94,400
88,400
82,400
99,200
91,100
83,200
103,900
93,600
83,600
25,400
15,100
5,100
1.1
0.7
0.3
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
164
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 9.02 continued
Projected Population of Territorial Authority Areas
2006–2031 (2006-base)
Population change
2006–2031
Population at 30 June
Territorial authority area(1)
Series(2)
2006(3)
2011
2016
2021
2026
2031
Number
Average
annual(4)
(percent)
Tararua District
High
Medium
Low
18,100
18,300
17,900
17,500
18,500
17,700
17,000
18,700
17,500
16,300
18,700
17,200
15,600
18,700
16,700
14,700
600
-1,400
-3,300
0.1
-0.3
-0.8
Horowhenua District
High
Medium
Low
30,600
31,300
30,700
30,000
31,900
30,600
29,300
32,300
30,300
28,400
32,500
29,900
27,400
32,400
29,200
26,100
1,900
-1,400
-4,500
0.2
-0.2
-0.6
Kapiti Coast District
High
Medium
Low
47,500
51,700
50,500
49,200
55,600
53,200
50,700
59,400
55,800
52,200
63,200
58,300
53,600
66,800
60,700
54,800
19,300
13,200
7,300
1.4
1.0
0.6
Porirua City
High
Medium
Low
50,600
53,000
51,700
50,500
55,100
52,600
50,000
57,100
53,100
49,200
58,800
53,400
48,100
60,300
53,400
46,600
9,700
2,800
-4,000
0.7
0.2
-0.3
Upper Hutt City
High
Medium
Low
39,700
41,300
40,400
39,500
42,500
40,700
38,900
43,500
40,800
38,100
44,300
40,700
37,100
45,000
40,400
35,900
5,300
700
-3,800
0.5
0.1
-0.4
Lower Hutt City
High
Medium
Low
101,300
104,900
102,800
100,800
107,900
103,800
99,700
110,500
104,300
98,200
112,700
104,400
96,300
114,500
104,000
93,700
13,200
2,700
-7,600
0.5
0.1
-0.3
Wellington City
High
Medium
Low
187,700
201,500
197,400
193,200
215,100
206,800
198,400
228,400
215,700
203,200
241,100
224,100
207,300
253,200
231,700
210,600
65,600
44,000
22,900
1.2
0.8
0.5
Masterton District
High
Medium
Low
23,200
23,700
23,300
22,900
24,200
23,300
22,500
24,400
23,200
22,000
24,600
22,900
21,300
24,500
22,400
20,400
1,300
-700
-2,700
0.2
-0.1
-0.5
Carterton District
High
Medium
Low
7,300
7,600
7,400
7,200
7,800
7,500
7,100
8,100
7,500
7,000
8,200
7,500
6,800
8,400
7,400
6,500
1,100
200
-700
0.6
0.1
-0.4
South Wairarapa District
High
Medium
Low
9,100
9,500
9,300
9,100
9,700
9,300
8,900
9,800
9,300
8,700
9,900
9,200
8,400
9,900
9,000
8,000
800
-200
-1,100
0.3
-0.1
-0.5
Tasman District
High
Medium
Low
45,800
49,200
48,000
46,800
52,200
49,800
47,400
55,000
51,400
47,800
57,700
52,800
47,900
60,200
53,900
47,800
14,400
8,100
2,000
1.1
0.7
0.2
Nelson City
High
Medium
Low
44,300
47,000
45,700
44,500
49,400
46,900
44,500
51,600
47,900
44,300
53,700
48,700
43,900
55,600
49,300
43,200
11,300
5,000
-1,100
0.9
0.4
-0.1
Marlborough District
High
Medium
Low
43,600
46,300
45,100
43,900
48,700
46,300
43,900
50,800
47,200
43,600
52,500
47,600
42,900
53,800
47,700
41,800
10,300
4,200
-1,700
0.8
0.4
-0.2
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
165
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 9.02 continued
Projected Population of Territorial Authority Areas
2006–2031 (2006-base)
Population change
2006–2031
Population at 30 June
Territorial authority area(1)
Series(2)
2006(3)
2011
2016
2021
2026
2031
Number
Average
annual(4)
(percent)
Kaikoura District
High
Medium
Low
3,700
3,900
3,800
3,700
4,100
3,900
3,700
4,200
4,000
3,700
4,300
4,000
3,600
4,400
3,900
3,500
700
200
-200
0.7
0.2
-0.2
Buller District
High
Medium
Low
9,900
10,100
9,900
9,700
10,100
9,800
9,400
10,100
9,600
9,000
10,100
9,300
8,600
9,900
8,900
8,000
0
-1,000
-1,900
0.0
-0.4
-0.9
Grey District
High
Medium
Low
13,500
13,800
13,600
13,300
14,000
13,500
13,000
14,200
13,400
12,600
14,300
13,200
12,200
14,200
12,900
11,600
700
-600
-1,900
0.2
-0.2
-0.6
Westland District
High
Medium
Low
8,600
8,900
8,700
8,400
9,100
8,600
8,200
9,300
8,600
7,800
9,400
8,400
7,500
9,400
8,200
7,000
800
-400
-1,600
0.3
-0.2
-0.8
Hurunui District
High
Medium
Low
10,800
11,500
11,300
11,000
12,200
11,700
11,200
12,800
12,100
11,300
13,400
12,400
11,400
13,900
12,600
11,400
3,100
1,900
600
1.0
0.6
0.2
Waimakariri District
High
Medium
Low
44,100
50,100
48,400
46,700
56,000
52,500
49,100
61,700
56,400
51,200
67,400
60,300
53,300
73,200
64,100
55,200
29,100
20,000
11,200
2.0
1.5
0.9
Christchurch City
High
Medium
Low
361,800
384,400
377,400
370,300
404,600
390,700
376,800
423,200
402,300
381,700
440,700
412,800
385,400
457,300
422,100
387,800
95,500
60,300
26,000
0.9
0.6
0.3
Selwyn District
High
Medium
Low
35,000
40,900
39,200
37,600
46,300
42,900
39,400
51,600
46,400
41,100
57,100
49,900
42,800
62,600
53,400
44,300
27,700
18,400
9,300
2.4
1.7
0.9
Ashburton District
High
Medium
Low
28,000
29,600
29,000
28,500
30,800
29,700
28,700
31,800
30,300
28,700
32,800
30,700
28,600
33,600
30,900
28,300
5,600
2,900
300
0.7
0.4
0.0
Timaru District
High
Medium
Low
43,800
44,900
44,000
43,100
45,700
43,900
42,100
46,300
43,600
40,900
46,700
43,100
39,600
46,800
42,300
38,000
3,000
-1,500
-5,800
0.3
-0.1
-0.6
Mackenzie District
High
Medium
Low
3,900
4,000
4,000
3,900
4,100
4,000
3,800
4,200
4,000
3,800
4,200
3,900
3,700
4,200
3,800
3,500
300
-100
-400
0.3
-0.1
-0.4
Waimate District
High
Medium
Low
7,400
7,400
7,300
7,100
7,400
7,100
6,800
7,300
6,900
6,500
7,200
6,700
6,200
7,000
6,400
5,800
-400
-1,000
-1,600
-0.2
-0.6
-1.0
Chatham Islands Territory
High
Medium
Low
600
700
600
600
700
600
600
700
600
500
700
600
400
700
600
400
100
-100
-300
0.5
-0.6
-2.0
Note: For footnotes, see end of table.
166
Demographic Trends: 2007
Table 9.02 continued
Projected Population of Territorial Authority Areas
2006–2031 (2006-base)
Population change
2006–2031
Population at 30 June
Territorial authority area(1)
Series(2)
2006(3)
2011
2016
2021
2026
2031
Number
Average
annual(4)
(percent)
Waitaki District
High
Medium
Low
20,700
20,600
20,200
19,900
20,400
19,700
18,900
20,100
19,000
17,900
19,800
18,300
16,800
19,300
17,400
15,600
-1,400
-3,300
-5,100
-0.3
-0.7
-1.1
Central Otago District
High
Medium
Low
17,100
19,000
17,900
16,800
20,800
18,600
16,400
22,500
19,200
15,900
24,200
19,700
15,300
25,800
20,100
14,600
8,700
3,100
-2,500
1.7
0.7
-0.6
Queenstown-Lakes District
High
Medium
Low
24,100
28,500
27,300
26,200
32,800
30,500
28,100
37,000
33,400
29,900
41,100
36,200
31,400
45,200
39,000
32,900
21,100
14,900
8,800
2.5
1.9
1.3
Dunedin City
High
Medium
Low
122,300
126,800
124,100
121,400
131,100
125,700
120,400
135,300
127,200
119,300
139,200
128,400
117,800
142,500
129,000
115,800
20,100
6,600
-6,500
0.6
0.2
-0.2
Clutha District
High
Medium
Low
17,200
17,500
17,100
16,700
17,600
16,800
16,100
17,700
16,500
15,400
17,700
16,200
14,700
17,700
15,700
13,800
400
-1,500
-3,400
0.1
-0.4
-0.9
Southland District
High
Medium
Low
29,200
29,900
29,300
28,700
30,400
29,200
27,900
30,800
28,900
27,000
31,000
28,400
25,900
31,000
27,700
24,500
1,800
-1,500
-4,700
0.2
-0.2
-0.7
Gore District
High
Medium
Low
12,400
12,300
12,000
11,800
12,200
11,700
11,200
12,100
11,300
10,500
11,900
10,900
9,800
11,600
10,300
9,100
-800
-2,100
-3,300
-0.3
-0.7
-1.2
Invercargill City
High
Medium
Low
51,600
52,900
51,100
49,300
53,900
50,300
46,800
54,600
49,200
43,900
55,000
47,800
40,700
55,000
45,900
37,000
3,400
-5,700
-14,600
0.3
-0.5
-1.3
(1) Boundaries at 30 June 2006.
(2) Three alternative projection series have been produced using different combinations of fertility, mortality and migration assumptions for
each area.
(3) These projections have as a base the estimated resident population of each area at 30 June 2006.
(4) Calculated as a constant rate of population change over the period.
Notes: All derived figures have been calculated using data of greater precision than published.
Owing to rounding, individual figures may not sum to give the stated totals.
167
Demographic Trends: 2007
Glossary
Abortion
Foetal loss excluding stillbirths, usually during the first 20 weeks of gestation. ‘Induced’
abortions are those initiated voluntarily with the intention of terminating a pregnancy.
All other abortions are called ‘spontaneous’, even if an external cause is involved such as
injury or high fever.
All abortion statistics and derived abortion rates released by Statistics New Zealand
are based on the number of legally induced abortions. No information is available on
spontaneous or illegal abortions.
Age-specific
A measure relating to an age group. Age-specific rates are commonly calculated for
fertility, mortality, marriage, marriage dissolution and abortion.
Age-specific fertility rates are usually expressed in terms of the experience of women
within each five-year age group (15–19, 20–24, 25–29 years, etc), or they can also be
expressed in terms of single year of age rates.
Area unit
Area units are aggregations of meshblocks. They are non-administrative areas
intermediate between meshblocks and territorial authorities. Area units must either
define or aggregate to define regional councils, territorial authorities and urban areas.
Each area unit must be a single geographic entity with a unique name. Area units of
main or secondary urban areas generally coincide with suburbs or parts thereof.
Area units within urban areas normally contain 3,000–5,000 population. In rural areas,
the straddling of some territorial authorities over regional boundaries has resulted in
a number of area units having only two or three meshblocks and a very low
population count.
Asian ethnic group
People who identify with an Asian ethnicity (for example, Chinese, Indian, Korean) with
or without other ethnicities.
Because ethnicity is self-perceived, people can identify with an Asian ethnicity even
though they are not descended from Asian ancestors. Conversely, people may choose
to not identify with an Asian ethnicity even though they are descended from Asian
ancestors. Ethnicity is not the same as birthplace.
Base population
The starting population, usually distributed by age and sex, from which population
estimates and projections are derived.
Census night population count
A count of all people present in a given area on a given census night. The census night
population count of New Zealand includes visitors from overseas who are counted on
census night, but excludes residents who are temporarily overseas on census night.
For a subnational area, the count includes visitors from overseas and elsewhere in
New Zealand (people who do not usually live in that area), but excludes residents of
that area who are temporarily elsewhere on census night (people who usually live in
that area but are absent).
168
Demographic Trends: 2007
Census usually resident population count
A count of all people who usually live in a given area, and are present in New Zealand,
on a given census night. The census usually resident population count of New Zealand
excludes visitors from overseas and excludes residents who are temporarily overseas on
census night.
For a subnational area, this count excludes visitors from overseas and elsewhere in
New Zealand (people who do not usually live in that area), but includes residents of
that area who are temporarily elsewhere in New Zealand on census night (people who
usually live in that area but are absent).
City
A territorial authority that is a distinct entity, is predominately urban in character, has a
minimum population of 50,000, and is a major centre of activity within its parent region.
Some territorial authorities are classified as cities for historical reasons. For example,
Nelson is a city because of its cathedral.
Civil union
The act, ceremony or process by which the legal relationship of two people is
constituted. A civil union may be entered into by couples of the same sex or by couples
of different sexes. In New Zealand, a civil union may be solemnised either by a civil
union celebrant or before a registrar of civil unions. A licence must be obtained from a
registrar before a civil union can be solemnised, and notice must be given by one of the
parties to a registrar.
Cohort
A group of people sharing a common demographic experience. For example, the 1900
birth cohort refers to the people who were born in the year 1900. Cohort life tables
are based on the actual mortality experience of a particular group of people born in the
same year.
Cohort life table
A tabular numerical representation of mortality and survivorship of a cohort of births
at each age of life. It comprises an array of measures, including probabilities of death,
probabilities of survival and life expectancies at various ages. It is based on the actual
mortality experience of a particular cohort (for example, all people born in the year
1900). These tables require data over many years, from infancy to the oldest age lived
by the cohort (that is, until the death of the last survivor).
Confinement
A pregnancy resulting in either live or stillborn children. Such an event is counted as one
confinement irrespective of whether a single or multiple birth results.
Crude abortion rate
The number of induced abortions per 1,000 mean population.
Crude abortion ratio
The number of induced abortions per 1,000 known pregnancies (live births, stillbirths
and induced abortions combined).
169
Demographic Trends: 2007
Crude birth rate
The number of live births per 1,000 mean population.
Crude death rate
The number of deaths per 1,000 mean population.
Crude marriage rate
The number of marriages per 1,000 mean population.
Cumulative fertility rate
The average number of live births that a woman born in a particular year has had by the
time she reaches a particular age.
Death
The permanent disappearance of all evidence of life at any time after live birth has taken
place (post-natal cessation of vital functions without capability of resuscitation). This
definition therefore excludes foetal deaths.
De facto population concept
A statistical basis for a population in terms of those present in a given area at a given
time. The census night population count is a census measure, and the estimated
de facto population is a demographic measure, of the de facto population concept.
In terms of vitals data (births, deaths, marriages, etc), the de facto population concept
refers to events registered in New Zealand to New Zealand residents and visitors
from overseas.
De facto union (consensual union)
Two people usually living in the same dwelling, but not in a registered marriage or civil
union with each other, who:
•
share mutual concern for each other
•
have a degree of economic, social and emotional interdependence
•
consider their relationship to be akin to marriage.
Demographic projection
Indication of the future demographic characteristics of a population, families, households
or labour force based on an assessment of past trends and assumptions about the
future course of demographic behaviour (for example, fertility, mortality, migration, living
arrangement type, labour force participation).
District
A territorial authority that is neither wholly urban nor wholly rural and that is under the
jurisdiction of a district council.
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Demographic Trends: 2007
Divorce
The process by which the legal relationship of husband and wife is dissolved. An
application for marriage dissolution can be made by either the husband or wife on
the grounds that the marriage has broken down irreconcilably, provided a two-year
separation requirement is satisfied. Orders for dissolution of marriage cannot be granted
if both marriage partners live outside New Zealand. Dissolution orders are granted by
the Family Court.
Divorce rate
The number of divorces per 1,000 estimated existing marriages.
Estimated de facto population
An estimate of all people present in a given area at a given date. The estimated de facto
population of New Zealand includes all people present in New Zealand and counted
by the census (census night population count). This estimate includes visitors from
overseas who are counted on census night, but excludes New Zealand residents who
are temporarily overseas.
For a subnational area the estimate includes visitors from overseas and elsewhere in
New Zealand (people who do not usually live in that area), but excludes residents of
that area who are temporarily elsewhere on census night (people who usually live in
that area but are absent).
The estimated de facto population at a given date after census includes births, deaths
and net migration (arrivals less departures) of people during the period between census
night and the given date.
De facto population estimates are no longer produced. National population estimates
were produced annually (reference date at 31 December) from 1936 to 1950 and
quarterly (reference dates at 31 March, 30 June, 30 September and 31 December)
from March 1951 to June 1997. Subnational population estimates were produced
annually (reference date at 31 March) to 1995.
Estimated resident population
An estimate of all people who usually live in a given area at a given date. The estimated
resident population of New Zealand includes all residents present in New Zealand
and counted by the census (census usually resident population count), residents who
are temporarily overseas (who are not included in the census), and an adjustment for
residents missed or counted more than once by the census (net census undercount).
Visitors from overseas are excluded.
For a subnational area, the estimate excludes visitors from elsewhere in New Zealand
(people who do not usually live in that area), but includes residents of that area who
are temporarily elsewhere on census night (people who usually live in that area but
are absent).
The estimated resident population at a given date after census includes births, deaths
and net migration (arrivals less departures) of residents during the period between
census night and the given date.
National population estimates are produced quarterly (reference dates at 31 March,
30 June, 30 September and 31 December) from 1991 and subnational population
estimates are produced annually (reference date at 30 June) from 1996.
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Demographic Trends: 2007
Ethnicity
An ethnic group is made up of people who have some or all of the following
characteristics:
•
a common proper name
•
one or more elements of common culture that need not be specified, but may
include religion, customs or language
•
unique community of interests, feelings and actions
•
a shared sense of common origins or ancestry
•
a common geographic origin.
This definition is based on the work of A Smith (1986) The Ethnic Origins of Nations.
Ethnicity is self-perceived and people can belong to more than one ethnic group. People
can identify with an ethnicity even though they may not be descended from ancestors
with that ethnicity. Conversely, people may choose to not identify with an ethnicity even
though they are descended from ancestors with that ethnicity.
In the Census of Population and Dwellings, ethnicity is identified by the person
completing the census form. In the case of births and deaths, ethnicity is identified
by the person completing the registration form. For births this is usually the parents,
while for deaths this is most likely to be the funeral director (on the advice of a
family member).
European ethnic group
People who identify with a European ethnicity (for example, New Zealand European,
English, Dutch) with or without other ethnicities.
Because ethnicity is self-perceived, people can identify with a European ethnicity even
though they are not descended from European ancestors. Conversely, people may
choose to not identify with a European ethnicity even though they are descended from
European ancestors. Ethnicity is not the same as birthplace.
Ex-nuptial birth
A child born to parents who are not legally married or in a civil union at the time of birth.
Ex-nuptial births include births to parents in a de facto union. Nuptiality is determined by
the date of marriage or civil union on the birth registration form. If no date of marriage
or civil union is given the birth is assumed to be ex-nuptial.
General abortion rate
The number of induced abortions per 1,000 estimated mean number of women aged
15–44 years.
General abortion ratio
Different abortion ratios are calculated depending on data availability:
1. the number of induced abortions per 1,000 live births
2. the number of induced abortions per 1,000 induced abortions and live births.
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Demographic Trends: 2007
General marriage rate
The number of marriages per 1,000 estimated mean not-married population aged
16 years and over.
Gross reproduction rate
The average number of daughters that a woman would have during her life if she
experienced the age-specific fertility rates of that year. It excludes the effect of mortality.
Infant death
The death of a child (who was born alive) before the age of one year. The infant
mortality rate is the number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births.
Labour force
The population aged 15 years and over who regularly work for one or more hours per
week for financial gain, or work without pay in a family business, or are unemployed and
actively seeking part-time or full-time work.
Late registration
A birth registered more than two years after it occurred. Section 16 of the Births and
Deaths Registration Act 1995 (section 14 of the Births and Deaths Registration Act
1951) states that no birth can be registered after two years without the approval of the
Registrar-General.
Birth statistics and derived birth rates released by Statistics NZ generally exclude
late registrations.
Life expectancy
The average length of life remaining at a given age. As derived from a period life table,
it assumes that a person experiences the age-specific mortality rates of a given period
from the given age onwards. It represents the average longevity of the whole population
and does not necessarily reflect the longevity of an individual.
Live birth
The birth of a child who breathes or shows any other evidence of life, such as beating
of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord or definite movement of voluntary muscles,
whether or not the umbilical cord has been cut or the placenta is attached. All liveborn
infants should be registered and counted as such irrespective of length of gestation or
whether alive or dead at the time of registration. If the child dies at any time following
birth, their death should also be registered and counted as a death.
Mäori descent
People have Mäori descent if they consider they have Mäori ancestors, no matter
how distant.
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Demographic Trends: 2007
Mäori ethnic group
People who identify with the Mäori ethnicity with or without other ethnicities.
Because ethnicity is self-perceived, people can identify with Mäori ethnicity even though
they may not be descended from Mäori ancestors. Conversely, people may choose to
not identify with Mäori ethnicity even though they are descended from Mäori ancestors.
An ethnic question (based on self-identification) was not asked on birth and death
registration forms until 1 September 1995. Consequently, Mäori births and deaths prior
to this date relate to the old ‘half or more Mäori origin’ definition. All tables carrying the
old definition of Mäori are clearly labelled and end in 1995.
Marital status
A person’s status with respect to the marriage laws or customs of the country. Legal
marital status is a person’s status with respect to registered marriage or civil union.
Social marital status is a person’s status with respect to consensual union (partnered
or unpartnered).
Marriage (registered)
The act, ceremony or process by which the legal relationship of husband and wife is
constituted. In New Zealand, marriage may be solemnised either by a celebrant or
before a registrar of marriages. A licence must be obtained from a registrar before a
marriage by a celebrant can be solemnised, and notice must be given by one of the
parties to a registrar.
Mean population
The average number of people in an area during a given period, usually a year. This
measure may be estimated in terms of a simple or weighted arithmetic mean of
monthly or quarterly population during the reference period. If the mean population
is unavailable, the population at the midpoint of the period is generally suitable for
most purposes.
Median age
Half the population is younger, and half older, than this age.
Meshblock
The smallest geographic unit for which statistical data is collected and processed by
Statistics NZ. A meshblock is a defined geographic area, varying in size from part of a
city block to large areas of rural land. Each meshblock abuts against another to form
a network covering all of New Zealand including coasts and inlets, and extending out
to the two hundred mile economic zone. Meshblocks are added together to ‘build up’
larger geographic areas such as area units and urban areas. They are also the principal
unit used to draw-up and define electoral district and local authority boundaries.
Middle Eastern, Latin American and African
(MELAA) ethnic grouping
People who identify with Middle Eastern, Latin American or African ethnicities with
or without other ethnicities. Before 2006, these ethnicities were coded to the ‘Other’
ethnic group.
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Demographic Trends: 2007
Migration
The movement of people from one area to another. When the movement is
between countries it is called external migration; when it is within a country it is
called internal migration.
The external migration statistics included in this publication were compiled from
individual migration forms filled in by passengers arriving in and departing New Zealand,
and forwarded to Statistics NZ by the New Zealand Customs Service.
In the preparation of external migration statistics, the classification of passengers is
primarily determined by individual passenger responses on the arrival and departure
cards to the questions on intended or actual length of stay/absence. If a person’s
intention changes later, they may also change their migrant category (for example, a
person may come to New Zealand with the declared intention of settling permanently,
but return overseas after a few months). Data users should recognise the limitations
inherent in the information supplied by travellers.
Statistics NZ introduced a systematic sampling method for the processing of short-term
migration statistics in 1975. A random sample of all short-term migration declarations
is processed each month. Consequently, all statistics relating to short-term migration
are subject to sampling errors. Because all declarations for permanent and long-term
migrants are coded, the possibility of sampling errors in this category of passenger does
not arise.
Natural increase
The excess of live births over deaths. When deaths exceed births, this is described as a
natural decrease or a negative natural increase.
Net census undercount
The difference between undercount and overcount. It is usually expressed as a
percentage of what should have been the complete count rather than as a percentage
of what was counted.
Net migration
The difference between arrivals and departures.
Net reproduction rate (NRR)
The average number of daughters that a woman would have during her life if she
experienced the age-specific fertility and mortality rates of that year. A NRR of one
means that a woman would exactly replace herself.
New Zealand
This refers to geographic New Zealand, that is, the North Island, South Island and
adjacent islands. People on board ships in New Zealand ports or territorial waters are
included in regional council area, North and South Island, and New Zealand populations,
but not in those of smaller administrative or statistical units.
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Demographic Trends: 2007
Not-married estimated population
Includes all people aged 16 years and over who have never been married or are
widowed or divorced. The mean not-married population is estimated using the
proportion of not-married people, derived from census counts, and the annual mean
estimated population.
Nuptial birth
A child born to parents who are legally married or in a civil union at the time of birth.
Nuptiality is determined by the date of marriage or civil union on the birth registration
form. If no date of marriage or civil union is given the birth is assumed to be ex-nuptial.
Pacific peoples ethnic group
People who identify with a Pacific ethnicity (for example, Samoan, Tongan, Fijian) with or
without other ethnicities.
Because ethnicity is self-perceived, people can identify with a Pacific ethnicity even
though they are not descended from Pacific ancestors. Conversely, people may choose
to not identify with a Pacific ethnicity even though they are descended from Pacific
ancestors. Ethnicity is not the same as birthplace.
Parity
The number of children liveborn to a mother prior to the current confinement.
Period life table
A tabular numerical representation of mortality and survival of a cohort of births at
each age of life. It comprises an array of measures, including probabilities of death,
probabilities of survival and life expectancies at various ages. It is based on current
mortality rates. These tables assume that as a cohort passes through life it experiences
a given pattern of age-specific mortality rates which do not change from year to year.
Although it is usually based on death rates from a real population during a particular
period of time, these tables are a hypothetical model of mortality as they do not
describe the real mortality which characterises a cohort as it ages. A complete life table
presents life table functions for each single year of age, while an abridged life table
presents life table functions for age groups.
Permanent and long-term arrival
An overseas migrant who arrives in New Zealand intending to stay for a period of
12 months or more (or permanently), or a New Zealand resident returning after an
absence of 12 months or more.
Permanent and long-term departure
A New Zealand resident departing for an intended period of 12 months or more (or
permanently), or an overseas visitor departing New Zealand after a stay of 12 months
or more.
Population estimate
Population estimates are produced using data from the most recent Census of
Population and Dwellings, updated for estimates of the components of demographic
change (births, deaths and net migration) since that last census.
176
Demographic Trends: 2007
Post-enumeration survey
A sample survey to check the accuracy of coverage and/or response of another census
or survey.
Projection assumption
Statement about a future course of behaviour (for example, fertility, mortality, net
migration, living arrangement type, labour force participation) from which demographic
projections (for example, of population, families, households, labour force) are derived.
Regional council area (region)
The Local Government Commission established regional councils in 1989. Regional
council areas cover every territorial authority in New Zealand with the exception of the
Chatham Islands Territory. The geographical boundaries of regions conform as far as
possible to one or more water catchments. In determining regions, consideration was
also given to regional communities of interest, natural resource management, land use
planning, and environmental matters.
There are 16 regions in New Zealand. Twelve of these regions are administered by
regional councils while the Gisborne, Tasman, Nelson and Marlborough Regions are
administered by their respective district or city councils. The boundaries of territorial
authorities are generally the same as regional council boundaries, although there are
eight instances where territorial boundaries straddle regional boundaries.
Replacement level fertility
The average number of children a woman needs to have to produce one daughter who
survives to childbearing age. It is also described as the total fertility rate required for the
population to replace itself, without migration.
The internationally accepted replacement level is 2.1 births per woman. It allows for
the mortality of females between birth and childbearing and the birth of more boys
than girls. On average, throughout the world, 105 boys are born for every 100 girls. The
actual replacement level will vary slightly among countries depending on child mortality
rates. In countries with high child mortality, the total fertility rate will need to be higher
than 2.1 births per woman to achieve replacement level.
Resident population concept
A statistical basis for a population in terms of those who usually live in a given area at
a given time. The census usually resident population count is a census measure, and
the estimated resident population is a demographic measure, of the resident
population concept.
In terms of vitals data (births, deaths, marriages, etc), the resident population concept
refers to events registered in New Zealand to New Zealand residents only.
Resident temporarily overseas
A person who usually lives in New Zealand but who is overseas for a period of less than
12 months.
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Demographic Trends: 2007
Rural area
The rural areas of New Zealand are those not defined as urban. They include:
1. Rural centres – centres with populations of 300 to 999 in a reasonably compact area
which service their surrounding rural areas.
2. Area units where they are not included in main, secondary or minor urban areas, and
inlets, islands, inland waters, and oceanic waters that are outside urban areas. The
population on shipboard is excluded from the rural-urban classification.
Short-term arrival
A visitor from overseas who intends to stay in New Zealand for less than 12 months,
or a New Zealand resident returning to New Zealand after an absence of less than
12 months.
Short-term departure
A New Zealand resident departing New Zealand for an intended period of less than
12 months, or a visitor from overseas departing New Zealand after a stay of less than
12 months.
Standardised death rate
The overall death rate that would have prevailed in a standard population if it had
experienced the age-specific (usually age- and sex-specific) death rates of the
population being studied.
Stillbirth
The Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Act 1995, which took effect from
1 September 1995, redefined a stillbirth as a child who is born dead and weighs 400g
or more or is born dead after the 20th week of gestation. Before the new Act, a stillbirth
was defined as a child born dead after 28 weeks of gestation. This change in definition
means that stillbirths from September 1995 onwards are not directly comparable with
earlier years.
Territorial authority
The smallest local government entities, created by the local government reorganisation
that took effect on 1 November 1989. Based on 2006 boundaries, there are 16 cities,
56 districts and one territory. Banks Peninsula District became part of Christchurch City
on 6 March 2006.
Territorial authority boundaries are defined by aggregations of area units. When defining
the boundaries of territorial authorities, the Local Government Commission placed
considerable weight on the ‘community of interest’.
Total abortion rate
The average number of abortions that a woman would have during her life if she
experienced the age-specific abortion rates of a given period (usually a year). It excludes
the effect of mortality.
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Demographic Trends: 2007
Total fertility rate
The average number of live births that a woman would have during her life if she
experienced the age-specific fertility rates of a given period (usually a year). It excludes
the effect of mortality.
Total pregnancy rate
The average number of pregnancies that a woman would have during her life if
she experienced the age-specific pregnancy rates of a given period (usually a year).
It excludes the effect of mortality.
Urban area
Non-administrative areas with urban characteristics and a high to moderate
concentration of population. The classification of urban areas was revised for the
1991 Census of Population and Dwellings into three parts – main, secondary and
minor urban areas:
1. Main urban areas – centres with populations of 30,000 or more. There are currently
16 main urban areas (12 in the North Island and four in the South). Auckland,
Wellington, Hamilton, Napier-Hastings are further subdivided into zones.
2. Secondary urban areas – centres with populations between 10,000 and 29,999.
There are currently 14 secondary urban areas.
3. Minor urban areas – centres with populations of 1,000 or more not already classified
as urban (that is, not falling within a main or secondary urban area). There are
currently 99 minor urban areas and, together with the above two categories, they
constitute the urban population of New Zealand.
Urban areas are currently defined on the basis of the 1996 Census usually resident
population count. As a result, Greymouth is still classified as a secondary urban area,
even though the 2001 Census usually resident population count, and the estimated
resident populations at 30 June 2001–2005, fall below 10,000.
Vital statistics
Statistics of events such as births, deaths and marriages which influence the numbers of
a population.
Workforce
The population aged 15 years and over who regularly work for one or more hours per
week for financial gain, or work without pay in a family business.
179
Demographic Trends: 2007
Maps
Regional Council and Territorial Authority Areas
North Island
180
Demographic Trends: 2007
Regional Council and Territorial Authority Areas
South Island
181
Demographic Trends: 2007
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Statistics New Zealand
Demographic Trends
www.stats.govt.nz
Demographic Trends: 2007
Contact us
Statistics New Zealand
Information Centre
P O Box 2922
Wellington 6140
Email: [email protected]
Ph: 0508 525 525 toll-free
Ph: +64 4 931 4600
Your essential annual reference
for population statistics
2007