Name
Class
Date
History and Geography
Early Years of the Cold War
Cold War in Europe, 1955
The end of World War II brought an end to fighting, but it did not
bring an end to conflict between countries. The Soviet Union and the
United States engaged in a long struggle for global power, called the
Cold War. As tensions mounted, countries formed alliances with other
countries in case another war broke out. In 1949 the United States,
Canada, and nine Western European countries formed the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). In 1955 the Soviet Union and its
Eastern European satellite countries formed the Warsaw Pact. Study the
map below and answer the questions that follow.
70˚N
NATO member, 1955
Warsaw Pact member, 1955
Nonaligned Communist nation
Arctic Circ
Nonaligned nation
le
The United States, Canada, and
Iceland were also NATO members
0
100
0
100
200 Miles
FINLAND
200 Kilometers
NORWAY
60˚N
N
SWEDEN
E
cS
ea
North
Sea
W
S
Ba
lti
DENMARK
IRELAND
GREAT
BRITAIN
50˚N
SOVIET
UNION
NETHERLANDS
Berlin
POLAND
BELGIUM
SLOVAKIA
WEST
GERMANY
LUXEMBOURG
AT L A N T I C
OCEAN
FRANCE
SWITZERLAND
HUNGARY
AUSTRIA
Yalta
ROMANIA
YUGOSLAVIA
ria
10˚W
Ad
ITALY
tic
PORTUGAL
ANDORRA
Se
SPAIN
BULGARIA
a
ALBANIA
40˚N
Aegean
Sea
TURKEY
10˚E
GREECE
0˚
Black Sea
Mediterranean Sea
30˚E
20˚E
MAP ACTIVITY
1. On the map, use a bright color to outline the area of the countries that were
members of the Warsaw Pact.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
21
Early Years of the Cold War
Name
Class
Date
History and Geography
Cold War in Europe, 1955, continued
2. On the map, use a different bright color to outline the area of the countries that
were members of NATO.
3. On the map, draw a square to represent each of the three NATO members that are
not shown on the map. Write the name of the country on each shape.
4. On the map, use a bright color to draw a route from East Germany to Bulgaria
that only travels through Warsaw Pact countries. Label this route WP.
5. On the map, use another bright color to draw a route from West Germany to
Greece that only travels through NATO countries.
ANALYZING MAPS
1. Place What Communist country did not join an alliance during the Cold War?
2. Region In what area of Europe were the majority of Warsaw Pact countries?
3. Movement What body of water would a person have to cross to go from West
Germany to Greece, traveling only through NATO countries?
4. Comparing How were Spain and Sweden similar?
5. Evaluating Based on the map, what country do you think faced the greatest risk
from the Soviet Union? Why?
EXTENSION ACTIVITY
The Warsaw Pact was officially dissolved in 1991, but the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization still exists. Do an Internet search and create a list of
all of the countries that are current members of NATO. Write down the
year each country joined NATO.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
22
Early Years of the Cold War