INDEX
2
Landcape References
3
The High Concept
4
7
Image of the Masterplan
8
Bio-Machine
9
TheOverflowing Reef
10
Digital Gadget Entertainment Plant
11
12
Artificial Reef Feasibility
13
Budget and Period
15
2
+
3
HIGH-CONCEPT
The Big-O Bioscape Experience
The term Bioscape starts being used in some text and books about
Environmental Philosophy. This proposal interprets the term Bioscape in the
shape of: “The largest artificial reef in the world”(*). The capability of nature to
get recovered from damages is very slow, so, in order to regenerate biologically
the polluted waters of the Big-O in a passive way, our proposal consists on
creating a large artificial Biological Attractor. An artificial reef made by humans
able to create a treasury of ocean life within only three years.
West of the Big-O area, various seaweeds gardens, small fishes and corals will
be placed according to the distribution of the elements of the artificial reef
disposition. This will allow visitors to enjoy a wide spectrum of ocean life as
well as to see and participate in the whole water purification process.
This effort itself will bring positive and global attention in a time when the world
is focusing on environmental protection and sustainable growth.
By the end of the 21st Century every main city will enjoy its Urban Bioscape.
And it will be a great event for its citizens to enjoy watching it come true. Such
an experience related with the responsibility of an active participation in the
world.
STRATEGICAL POSITIONING
Biology + Technology
This proposal intends to become into a communicative project of the new
ecological paradigm, focused towards education and sustainable growth.
Phytoplankton and seaweeds produce 70% of the oxygen we breathe. Seaside
ecosystems as estuaries, coral reefs, mangrove swamps or seaweed beds produce
from 16 to 20 times more phytoplankton than open sea ecosystems.
The strategical positioning of this project goes from short to long term. Consists
on creating a structure of pre-fabricated concrete pieces over the existing mud
layer in order to provide a proper habitat and refuge to diverse flora and fauna,
both marine and terrestrial. Indigenous dolphins will be released along the
artificial reef, and luminescent plankton will illuminate the ground during
nighttime. Besides, and only during Expo dates, there will be shown some
interactive / thematic gadgets as a robotic fish able to eat pollutants of the sea as
a demonstration of the future technology developed to recover the sea ecosystem.
BENEFITS
Yeosu: The city of the New Deal
The benefits of this intervention are really clear. Yeosu will be the perfect
destination for the new Eco-tourists, as well as the fact of strengthening its
international image because of being able to manifest the paradigm of the new
deal between humans and wild life.
* By now, the greatest is the one in USS Oriskany, a former 276 m. long aircraft carrier. On May
17th of 2006 it was sunken 34 kilometers away from Pensacola Port, Florida, with explosives. By
2007 it was already been covered by coral and seaweeds where millions of fishes go to deposit their
eggs.
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5
6
7
8
Bio-Machine
Biological Corridor
Eco-Turism
Subaquatic Garden
Bio-scape
Experience
Seaweed Farm
Big-O Ecosistem
Biological Atractor
A New Deal between humans and wildlife
The territorial organization of the whole project consists on creating a
Biological Marina West of the Big O area, avoiding invading the turning
area and the great sea routes.
The disposition of “The largest artificial reef in the world” along the site
consists on concentric waves with diameters from 60 up to 300 meters.
The reef overflows outside the water to make the ecosystem more
complete and visible. Those waves generate revolution cones whose tips
rise up to 20 meters high.
One of the key points in the proposal is the Bio-Gate. The entrance gate
for the marine fauna to the Big-O avoids the great sea routes through a
large hole made in the breakwater West of Odong Island. The
overflowing outside the field of the Wave Reef would create a Biological
Attractor beyond the breakwater. In case of not taking this step, the
probabilities of succeeding would be drastically reduced, because the
constant traffic of great vessels dissuades most of the species we are
interested in.
One of the effects we are looking for will be a radical change. In a
relatively short period of time the color of the water of the new biological
corridor would change towards turquoise blue tone.
It is also projected a new waterline, more crooked than the current one,
that creates new docks. This enormous element, a carpet soil of 377.000
m2 includes the needed land for infrastructures and the base for the
physical installations. It is the physical place where resources are
distributed amongst the items resting on it. It contains the main roads, car
parks, infrastructures and gardens. It will be multitexturized according to
the different uses and environments.
Despite of being multitexturized, the pavement all along this element is
made of golden screed concrete, with aluminum hydroxide shavings that
avoid sliding and facilitate the orientation and accessibility during
nighttime.
9
The Over-flowing Reef
The artificial reef proposed overflows from the water and rises up generating a
landscape of 10 conical mountains constructed with the same element serving
the underwater reef. These islands are accessible from the docks. Some of them
can be crossed trough and contain expographic digital resources.
The dimension of the mountains goes up to diameters of 90 meters and heights
of 20 meters, with a slope between 50% and 100%. The base of these mountains
consists on layers of sand of 50 centimeters each, 95% compacted, that come
from the land movement generated during the works of the Expo. This premise
would save money, energy and resources corroborating the ecological meaning
of the proposal.
To avoid the collapse of the mountain structures, as well as to be able to load and
organize the covering with great empty concrete balls, the layers of recycled
sand are coated with a concrete surface of 40 centimeters. Anchoring it to the
ground using metallic rods reinforces this whole structure. After this, using prefabricated items, a terraced settlement is built, which results to be the top shape
to dispose in an organized way our vegetal supporting elements.
The porous and empty concrete elements with ocean friendly additives, that
conform a support for underwater flora and fauna, would be filled up with
vegetal soil whenever they are configuring these mountains over the sea, and
would be sown with projected seeds of various species with cero cost of
maintenance.
10
Digital Gadget Entertainment
Message in a luminescent bottle
There are proposed 3 pneumatic tube circuits with a length of around 600 meters each.
Each one allows sending and receiving messages using luminescent transportation
cartridges. The circuits will dodge and intertwine, placed in the terrestrial part of the BigO.
Will be built with Plexiglas transparent tubes with a diameter of 90 millimeters. It is
planned to reach a transportation speed between 2 and 3 m/s.
The Pearl, interactive illumination
The Pearl is a prototype gadget designed specifically for the Big-O, made in translucent
Corian, with dimensions of 8 x 10 x 6 centimeters into an egged-shape form.
The Pearl contains in its interior a microchip RFID as a removable piece that identifies
the visitor and a Bluetooth communication system.
The visitors receive a Pearl device before accessing the Big-O without any explanation
about how it works. The learning occurs while using it.
Each one of the Expo visitors has to find which is the underwater illumination scene that
corresponds them. While walking the Pearl will get illuminated and the underwater RGB
led lights will begin emitting the scene that the visitor has chosen previously through
Bluetooth.
Technical specifications: RFID microchip, Battery / Life Ð 11. 0 Hours. (Communication time) 100.0 Hours,
Bluetooth Compatible Profile Ð A2DP / HFP / HSP, Bluetooth Output Ð Bluetooth Class 2 (2.5 mW), Bluetooth
Specification Ð Bluetooth Version 2.0, Frequency Band Ð 2.4 GHz band (2.402 GHz Ð 2.480 GHz), Frequency
response Ð 20 Ð 20.000 Hz., Microphone Type Ð Omni Directional. Electret Condensor Microphone, Modulation
Method Ð FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)
Multimedia Bunches
Multimedia Bunches are structures that support a specific number of screens through
motorized devices that react to human presence. They also include the installation of a
facial recognition camera.
Bio-periscopes
21 Bio-periscopes connected to 21 underwater cameras are disposed along the Big-O so
visitors can enjoy the biological commitment acquired by the Expo.
Bio-periscopes are elements made of borosilicated glass with a straight section and a 90¼
curved one. In its interior there is a 7«« LCD screen and a mirror.
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12
Why Build Reefs?
PREVIOUS CONSIDERATIONS
To demonstrate the technical and economical feasibility of the proposal we thought of a product already tested and
commercialized. The world leader company in the fabrication of biological attraction elements is the Reefball Foundation,
from the US. With its products hundreds of artificial reefs have been made all around the world. The following texts have
been obtained directly from its website.
Man's activities and natural disasters have led to a reductions in our natural reef systems. Recreationally, growth in sports
fishing, scuba diving, and boating has increased the pressures on these systems. Commercially, our seafood industry is
dependent on developing the ocean to enable ever larger, yet sustainable, harvests. The loss of our natural systems, coupled
with increased use, COMPELS US TO DO EVERYTHING WE CAN TO SAVE NATURAL REEFS. Even so, the
natural reefs cannot rebuild themselves fast enough to meet human demands. Long lasting artificial reefs are useful tools for
restoring our reef systems to a natural and productive balance. The key to making the decision to build a reef is having a
properly defined set of project goals. Once these goals are established, it is possible to design a specific artificial reef that will
accomplish that particular set of goals.
What's A Reef Ball ™
Reef Balls are the world's leading designed artificial reef modules. They are simply the safest and most effective way to create
sustainable marine reef habitat. With over 10 different sizes and 20+ styles, they have been tailored to meet nearly any
artificial reef project's goals and they will achieve this in a safe, long term, environmental way. Designing an artificial reef
yourself....or relying on unproven techniques will waste your time and money and failed designs could harm the same marine
life you are trying to enhance. Reef Balls are easily made from an ingenious, easy to use, portable fiberglass mold system that
can be supplied anywhere in the world. We've even got possible matching grants to help you get started. The more you learn
about Reef Balls, the more you will find that the best solution for your project is custom designed artificial reefs that take into
account your specific project goals.
Designed Artificial Reefs
The word "designed" means that an artificial reef has been both engineered to last against sea forces (chemical and physical)
and shaped with biological uses in mind. All Reef Balls, for example, are made with concrete engineered to last over 500
years and tested in wave tanks to ensure they cannot overturn in waves. Site specific engineering allows for anchoring or
minimum weight requirements when applied in shallow waters or in high energy sites. Biologically, Reef Balls have been
shaped to optimize protective void spaces for fish and include features such as with rough surface textures to enhance coral
settlement. Holes designed to create whirlpools help bring nutrients to animals and plants living on the Reef Ball surface.
Materials of opportunity ...artificial reefs not designed specifically to be a reef...will never match the quality habitat provided
by designed reefs. Designed reefs don't always cost more than "free" materials...the biggest expense in building reefs can be
getting your reefs into the sea. By clever design, Reef Balls can be floated behind any sized boat using the internal float ion
bladders used in the molding process. And skip over-land transportation costs by building your reef next to where you need
them.
Surface Textures
A variety of surface textures that enhance the settlement of marine life are available. A popular surface texture is made by
spraying sugar water onto the surfaces of the mold before casting. After the cement mixture hardens, the mold panels are
removed and the last 1/2 inch of concrete remains unhardened. A rough stony surface is exposed by rinsing the module with a
garden hose. All surfaces are enhanced by the use of an air entrainment admixture. This non-toxic, soapy-like additive creates
tiny pockets in the concrete which pits the surface of the Reef Balls. These pits offer tiny marine organisms (such as larval
corals) a place to easily attach themselves
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Whirlpooling Shape of Side Holes
Marine Friendly Concrete
The concrete used to make Reef Balls features W.R. Grace's Force 10,000 micro silica to create a super high strength,
abrasion resistant, concrete that has a pH similar to natural sea water. This is unlike regular concrete which has a surface pH
as high as 12. This high pH (the sea has a natural pH of 8.3) can inhibit the settlement and growth of many species of marine
life including some larval corals. Micro silica gives Reef Balls an expected life of 500 or more years.
Other admixrtures include a high range water reducer, and microfibers. Reef Balls are made without using any iron rebar that
would cause cement to eventually degrade in sea water
Natural reefs are variable in size, shape and hole density. Artificial reefs function better when they mimic nature. The balls
which create holes are inflated to different pressures to vary hole sizes. You can move the hole creating balls around in your
mold to create holes exactly where you want them. Interconnected holes are possible by inflating the balls until they touch.
Most holes are designed so they create whirlpools around the Reef Balls helping to nourish marine life that is attached to the
reef. The way the balls are squeezed against the molds during casting makes the inside and outside of the holes smaller than
the interior cavity created and that creates the whirlpool effect. Every Reef Ball molds comes with a set of attachment adapter
plugs that fit the mold shells and create specific sized indentions onto the surfaces of the Reef Balls for purposes of attaching
items once the Reef Ball has been deployed. The attached items can include standardized coral fragment disks fostering live
coral growth, tags for the purposes of scientific research or plaques such as signage for underwater snorkeling trails. Since
hole sizes and placement can be modified, every Reef Ball will have a unique look....creating the visual diversity commonly
associated with reefs. Additional casting techniques are taught by our trainers so users can customize to fit any need such as
specific hole shapes for octopus nesting, lobster shelter, blenny hideouts, or long spiny sea urchin day shelter. The void spaces
in the interior of the Reef Balls can also be customized, such as filling partially with rocks or conch shells to modify fish
populations such as shifting the habitat to favor juvenile fish or to increase biomass production.
Stability & Longevity
Reef Balls are designed so that over half of the weight is in the bottom near the sea floor. All sizes of Reef Balls have
withstood, without movement, heavy tropical storms in as little as 20 feet of water without anchors. Reef Balls are stable
because the opening in the top of the unit breaks up the lifting force of the hydrofoil effect common to dome shapes. Side
holes are wider near the center of the walls and narrow near the units surface. This feature creates miniature vortexes which
further reduce lifting forces and bring rich nutrients to life on the reef. Reef Balls can be cast up to double the standard weight
to accommodate high energy zones, or they can be cast at 75% of the standard weight to save concrete for bay, deep or
protected water locations. Our staff will help you determine the best way to insure stability.
Habitat Enhancement
Reef Balls are uniquely designed to enhance marine habitats, unlike most artificial reefs and man made structures. That means
whatever your primary goals and application, reef balls will be a net positive addition to the marine environments. When the
Reef Ball Foundation undertakes projects that don't have habitat enhancment goals, we impose the additional burden on our
clients to adhere to our specifications insuring positive increases in marine habitat . We adhere to all local permitting laws and
work closely with artificial reef coordinaters and government authorities.
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Estimate Budget
Unit
Concept
Amount
Repercussion/Unit
KRW
Partial
EARTHWOKS 6.375.000.000 KRW
M3
M3
Suply and Transport
Compaction
850.000
850.000
2.500
5.000
2.125.000.000
4.250.000.000
PROYECTED CONCRETE 1.875.000.000 KRW
M3
Proyected concrete over the Compaction
15.000
125.000
1.875.000.000
ARTIFICIAL REEF 75.225.000.000 KRW
Ud.
Ud.
Ud.
Artificial Reef in Goliath Balls.
Diam 2,00 m.
Different colours and textures.
Already Placed in the Big-O Área
600.000 m2/ 4 m2.ud
Scientific Monitoring during three years. A
Team of 8 scientifisc
Biological reserve of Dolphins and
Luminiscent Plankton
150.000
500.000
75.000.000.000
1
175.000.000
175.000.000
1
50.000.000
50.000.000
NEW DOCKS 61.600.000.000 KRW
M2
M2
New Docks constructed in reinforced
concrete Depth between 4 and 9 m.
New Paviment in earth area of Big-O
Gold concrete pavement. With shavings of
aluminum hydroxide
88000
700.000
61.600.000.000
377000
85.000
0*
LANDSCAPING 3.875.000.000 KRW
M2
Ud.
Landscaping in the mountains-overflow
reef. Vegetal earths and proyected seeds.
Already Placed in the Big-O Área
Scientific Monitoring during three years. A
Team of 4 scientifisc
31000
125.000
3.875.000.000
87.500.000
GADGETS & DIGITAL INTERACTIVES 1.760.000.000 KRW
Ud.
Ud.
Ud.
Ud.
Message in a Luminiscent Bottle
3 Neumatic Circuits of 600 m. each
Digital Bunches.
7 LCD motorized monitors each.
It is not includes any audiovisual
production
Bio-Periscopes
This Gadget includes the subaquatic
camera an the borosilicated glass piece.
The Pearl. And Submarine Leds RGB
Illuminatiun
3
100.000.000
300.000.000
30
30.000.000
900.000.000
21
10.000.000
210.000.000
-
350.000.000
ESTIMATED BUDGET
150.710.000.000 KRW
*Out of this Big-O Budget
15