A. Philip Randolph
Born: April 15, 1889
In Crescent City, Florida
Death: May 16, 1979
Era: Freedom without
Equality
Family: son of a poor family
Married to Lucille Campbell Green
No children
Education: attended Cookman Institute
And graduated first in class
A Union leader and a
Civil Crusader
A. Philip Randolph
Asa Philip Randolph was a union leader and a civil crusader. At that time,
African Americans were not allowed to have the same jobs as white people.
Randolph wanted to change that. He knew blacks deserved the same rights
and be able to have any jobs they want.
In 1917, following the entry of the United States in World War I, he and his
friend, Chandler Owens created a magazine, “The Messenger” that called for
more positions in the war industry and the armed forces for blacks.
In 1925, Randolph became the president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car
Porters. He began organizing that group of black workers and at a time when
half the members of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) banded blacks
from membership, took his union into the AFL. Despite opposition, he built
the first successful black trade union; the brotherhood won its first major
contract with the Pullman Company in 1937.
Following the march in 1941, Randolph was a director of the March on
Washington for Jobs and Freedom, which brought more than 200,000 people
to the capital on Aug. 28, 1963, to prove support for civil-rights policies for
blacks.
On 1964, he receives the Medal of Freedom from President Lyndon Johnson.
He was honored for helping the whole cause of black civil right and letting
blacks have a chance to protest about their freedom.
IDA B. WELLS BARNETT
Born: June 1862 in Holly
Springs, MS
Died: March 25, 1931 in Chicago,
IL
Era: Freedom without Equality
Married to Ferdinand L. Barnett
4 kids
Education: Rust College
Fought for Lynching to Stop
IDA B. WELLS BARNETT
Ida was orphaned at age 14 and was left with 5 siblings to take care of.
She got a job as a teacher in Holly Springs. She later moved to Memphis
and got a job as teacher there. In Memphis, she saw all the horrible
things that were done to colored people.
Ida wasn’t used to these things since she was treated so nicely in Holly
Springs
Ida decided that she was going to put a stop to these things. One day,
when she went on a train, she sat in the front car. The train conductor
ordered her to sit in the smoking car because of the color of her skin. She
refused to go and the conductor started to drag her out. She bit the man
and he called security and they took her off the train. Ida was mad
because she had paid her fare. She took the case to court. She won, and
the train company had to pay her $500.
Then she decided to start a newspaper that wrote about these things.
She called the MEMPHIS FREE SPEECH. It was a successful newspaper, but
it was burned down by a group of white men. Later Ida made the decision
to move to New York work there. She became a writer for the New York
paper. She was also the secretary for National Afro-American Council.
Benjamin Banneker
Born: November 9, 1731 in Baltimore MD
Died: October 25, 1806 in Maryland
No children
Never married
Attended very little school
Mostly taught himself everything
Helped show united states people of all
races were important
Helped to survey Washington D.C
Benjamin Banneker
When Benjamin was a child his grandmother, Molly taught him to read.
During his childhood Benjamin went to school during the winter when his
help was not needed on the farm back home. Benjamin was very smart,
and by the age of 22 he built a clock made mostly out of wood.
Neighbors from miles away came to see Benjamin’s clock.
Benjamin loved to learn. He became friends with a man named George
Ellicott, who taught him to survey and lent Benjamin his telescope. Later
Benjamin taught himself astronomy. Benjamin made an empheris but
couldn’t submit it into the almanac
Bessie
Coleman
Date of Birth: January 26, 1892
Date of Death: April 30, 1926
Where she was born: Atlanta,
Texas
Where she lived: Waxahachie,
Texas and Chicago, Illinois
Where she died: Jacksonville,
Florida
Cause of death: Plane crashed
during air show
Bessie
Coleman was
the first
AfricanAmerican
woman pilot.
Marital Status: Single
Family: Mom, Dad, Brother
Era: Freedom without equality
Bessie Coleman
Bessie Coleman was born on January 26, 1892. Since that day Bessie
had a goal, to change the world for African-Americans like her. One day
weather she knew it or not, she achieved that goal.
Bessie was a learner, and she loved school (unlike many people
today). When Bessie moved to Chicago, Illinois at age 23 she became a
fighter and a dreamer too. Bessie searched for she could help make
things better for African-Americans in Chicago.
Bessie’s life changed when she heard about the woman pilots. She
knew that’s how she would make a difference. None of the woman pilots
were African-American, but Bessie had determination.
Bessie went to flying school in Paris, France. This was not easy. She
had to learn French and it was hard to get accepted. But Bessie was
determined and with that she earned a flying degree. She became the
first African-American woman to become a pilot.
With her flying degree she performed in many airshows and inspired
lots of people. Bessie Coleman died April 30, 1926, from a plane crash. It
was a tragic day for many people all over the world. Bessie changed the
world without even knowing it.
Booker T. Washington
Born: April 5, 1856
Died: November 13, 1915
Era: Freedom without Equality
Family: Booker was married three
times and had four kids
Education: He went to Hampton
Normal and Agricultural Institute
Booker was a
teacher and a
speaker
.
Booker T. Washington
Booker T. Washington was born in 1856 on a large plantation. When he
grew older he was raised as a slave. On his second time being a slave,
Booker’s owner taught him to read and write. The owner set him free to
go to school.
Later in Bookers life, he went to Hampton Normal and Agriculture
Institute (Hampton Institute of Virginia) and taught at Tinkersvill
Elementary. He was so successful at Tinkersvill he became head of
Tuskegee Alabama.
Many African Americans follow Booker today. He was a very successful
teacher and a very successful man. He went from a slave to a Teacher.
Not a lot of African American men were educated, but luckily Booker was
one who was educated.
Charles Drew
Date of birth: June 3, 1904
Location of birth: Washington DC
Date of death: April 1, 1950
Cause of death: Car crash
Location of Death: Burlington, NC
Era: Freedom without equality
Education: Amherst College and
McGill University medical program
Married Minnie Lenore Robbins
Had four children
Experimented with blood
transfusions and set up
blood banks in the US
Charles Drew
Charles Drew was a famous doctor who was known for designing a flask to
separate red cells from plasma and developing methods for banking blood. As a
child, he took his education very seriously, which lead him to great things in. He
was also a sports superstar, playing football, basketball, baseball, and track in high
school.
Charles earned a partial scholarship to Amherst College in 1922, an almost allwhite school at the time. He played sports in college, but took up an interest in
blood. He continued his hobby of studying medicine by going to McGill University’s
5-year medical program. He had to save enough money by teaching biology and
chemistry at Morgan College. In 1933 he graduated the medical program with
degrees of Doctor Medicine and Master of Surgery.
Then he headed home to DC and taught pathology at Freedman’s Hospital, but
soon after he left for New York City to train for pre- and post-operative care.
During training he experimented with blood transfusions and designed a flask to
separate red cells from plasma that saved millions of lives.
He discovered that plasma could be preserved longer than whole blood and
distributed to any person without blood-type studies. He collected plasma from
donors to donate to patients in need. He was awarded the Spingarn Medal in 1944
by the NAACP for his actions. Charles Drew died in a car crash on April 1, 1950
when he was 45, leaving behind his wife and 4 kids. But he was a hero, to be
remembered forever.
Frederick Douglass
Date of Birth: February 1817 in
Easton Maryland
Died: February 20, 1895
Era: Slavery and Abolition
Married to Ann Murray
No children
Education: Learned How to read by the
person he worked for
College: Did not go to one
First African American man to free
the slaves in Pennsylvania
Frederick Douglass
Frederick Douglass was born on February 1817 near Easton
Maryland. Frederick was poor so his family moved to Baltimore and
Frederick had to work for a lady. The lady that he to work for, taught him
how to read so he didn’t go to school. But teaching kids to read was
against the law
As Frederick grow up, he was sent to jail and tried to escape and ran
way to New York then changed his name to become a free man. He was
well liked. Later on, Frederick found the love of his life Ann Murray. After
they got married, they moved to New Bedford MA to hide from the slave
hunters.
Frederick wanted to free all the black slaves in PA and he did.
Frederick was beaten by a guy named Edward Covey. Frederick lived in
the time period when Slavery and Abolition were happening.
George Washington Carver
Born: Around 1865
Died: January 5th 1943
Family: Never married or had any
children.
Education: In 1877 he goes to a school in
Neosho. In 1894 he earned a master’s
degree and in 1896 he earned a
bachelor’s degree.
Achievements: In 1893 George receives
an award for his painting in Chicago.in
1923 he receives the Spingarn medal for
distinguished service to science.
George Washington Carver
George Washington Carver in his early days lived in Diamond, Missouri
on a farm owned by the Carvers (his original slave owners). George
learned to read and write from the Carvers and in 1877 left the farm for
a school in Neosho. George worked hard in school and in 1891 started
studying at the state Agricultural College in Ames, Iowa. This led to him
earning a bachelor’s degree in 1894 and a master’s degree in 1896.
After he graduated Carver moved to Alabama to join the Tuskegee
Institute. At Tuskegee George began to work towards soil conservation
and other ways to improve crop production. This helped poor African
American farmers to make their soil more productive by the use of crop
rotation. George found out that planting cotton in the same place
caused the soil to lose its nutrients and not do as well. Carver learned
that he could use crop rotation to help crops by using alternatives
rather than cotton such as peanuts, soybeans and sweet potatoes. This
strongly helped African American farmers.
When George directed his study for peanuts George learned peanuts
could make many things like buttermilk and chili sauce. This helped the
farmers sell more products to make money. Carver is also known for at
the end of his life when he helped improve race relations. Carver was
well respected for his talent to help farmers and discover new products
using peanuts.
Harriet Tubman
Born: Around 1820 in Dorchester County,
MD in Brodas Plantation
Died: March 10, 1913
Married to John Tubman in 1844
No children
Education: Father taught her the
knowledge of the outdoors and was also a
nurse
Era: Slavery and Abolition
Harriet Tubman led hundreds of
slaves to freedom
Harriet Tubman was born around 1820 in Dorchester
County, MD on Brodas Plantation. She died on March 10,
1913. When Harriet Tubman was a child, she got sold to
be a slave and was separated from her family. One day,
Harriet Tubman decided to escape from her owners and
she succeeded.
Harriet Tubman escaped from her owners through the Underground
Railroad which leads to the north where there isn’t any slavery there. The
Underground Railroad was a secret passage way for slaves to get to the
north. When Harriet Tubman finally got to the north she didn’t want to
leave her family behind, so she went back to the south. One day, she
decided to become an Underground Railroad conductor. She brang
hundreds of slaves to the north and was only caught once in the
Underground Railroad. She became an African American leader because
of helping so many slaves get to the north.
Later, Harriet Tubman retired her job of being an Underground
Railroad conductor. She became a nurse, a scout, and a spy for the Union
Army. Harriet Tubman was a hero to the slaves.
Jackie Robinson
Born: January 31,1919
Cario, Georgia
Died: October 24,1972
Era: Civil Rights
Married to Rachel
Had 3 children
Went to school
The first black major league
baseball player
Jackie Robinson
Jackie Robinson was born January 31, 1919. He grew up on a poor
farm in Cario Georgia. Jackie was one of the lucky black people to go to
school at the time.
Jackie was the very first African American to play in the major
baseball league ever. Many people thought he was an out rage and that
black people should not be allowed to do what white people do. Jackie
couldn’t do what his white team mates could do nor could he sleep in the
same hotel. Some people ever quit the team because of Jackie.
Jackie was also known for his bravery and courage on the field.
When he played baseball and when people made fun of him. He had to
stay strong and not fight back to anyone. Even though he felt empty and
lonely but he proved himself a star.
Jackie was married to Rachel and they had 3 kids. It was a happy
marriage. Jackie helped the Dodgers to win the world series and lots of
games.
Jackie died October 24, 1972 because of a heart attack. Jackie was a
big part of the civil rights movement. He changed many minds about
black people. To this day he is still a hero to both Whites and Blacks.
Jan Matzenliger
Born: 1854
Died: August 24, 1889
Born in Paramaribo on
The east coast of South America
He died of disease
He had no family
He had no or little education
Made a machine that changed
shoe making
Jan Matzenliger
Jan Matzenliger was born in 1852 in a small village on
the east coast of South America. Nobody is sure of his parents’ names,
but we do know that he worked for his father as an apprentice, learning
machinery. He was a very good worker so he decided to sail to America
when he was about twenty.
He went to Philadelphia but was surprised to find that
nobody would hire him. After all, he was very skilled. The reason people
didn’t hire him was because he was black. Eventually he landed a low pay
job in a shoe factory. He overheard higher paid workers talking about
how good they were at a job called lasting. Jan decided he was going to
invent a machine that does lasting.
Jan used everything he had learned from his father. He
spent many hours working on his creation. Other workers tried to copy
his machine but were not successful. He sold his machine for a very high
price. Unfortunately, Jan died in 1889.
Jesse Owens
Born: born In 1913 Sept. 12 in Oakville,
Alabama
Died: died in 1980 in Tucson Arizona
because of lung cancer
Era: right before World War II
Family: was married and had three
children
Education: went to Fairmount Junior high
school and Ohio State University
Jesse Owens, fastest person alive, a
legend of his time.
Jesse Owens
Jesse Owens started off as a poor child. He didn’t even have enough
money to buy a pair of shoes. But then he barely got enough money to g
to high school and then the track coach saw Jesse walk by with his strong
legs he knew he was perfect for the track team.
When he got to the track team everybody was making fun of him
because of his skin. But he proved them wrong when he was the fastest
runner on the team. And this was his first time running.
Then he got a scholarship to Ohio state university and he was also the
best runner there. When he was finished with the college he got
accepted to the USA Olympic team. And he was named one of the best
youngest athletes in the world.
But then came the Olympics and he wasn’t just against the German
runners he was against Hitler. And Hitler had no idea how good Jesse
was. He thought it was an easy match for his German runners.
And now the Olympics begin, Jesse ended up winning gold medals for
three races. Jesse got married and had three kids. He died in Tucson
Arizona in 1980 because of lung cancer.
Langston
Hughes
Born: 1902, Joplin Missouri
Died: 1962
Family: no Children, No Wife
Era: Freedom without Equality
Education: Brooklyn High School
Great African American Poet
Langston Hughes
Langston Hughes was an African American poet born in the 1902 in Joplin Missouri. 2
years after he was born, his father decided to move the family to Mexico City, because they
would have a better life there. After a while Langston and his mother departed from Mexico,
leaving his selfish father there by himself. By the time Langston was 6 years old, his mother
sent him to live with his grandma, in Brooklyn, because she could not afford to support both of
them in the same time. Langston was having a good life there in Brooklyn, where many of his
race was living it was the only place where he felt he belonged. Langston’s father then mailed
Langston and told him to come and visit him there in Mexico, where he was very successful
and didn’t give a single dollar to Langston or his mom. When Langston got to Mexico and his
father showed all the things he succeeded in. Langston saw how selfish and ignorant his father
was, Langston’s father treated his workers like dirt and for all the work the workers did
Langston’s father didn’t give them any money. When Langston got back to Brooklyn he
decided that he wanted to go to college, but the only problem was that he didn’t have any
money, so Langston got a job, at first Langston thought he could pay it off, but when he saw
he couldn’t afford it, he called his dad for money. He asked his father for the money, his father
then said to him to come to Mexico and then he would give him the money. On his way over
there on the train he made the poem “The Negro Speaks of rivers” then sent it to publishers
who then approved it. When he got to Mexico his father gave him the money and asked him
to stay there with him to live in Mexico, Langston refused. He started writing many poems
about his life and race, and then everybody knew who Langston Hughes was, the great African
American poet.
Langston Hughes
Born: 1902
Died: May 22nd 1967
Era: Freedom Without Equality
Family: Parents, No children, not married
Education: Different schools, Graduated Collage
Mr. Hughes wrote wonderful
poems about how much he loves
African Americans
Langston Hughes
Langston Hughes had a rough childhood, with moving here and
there all of the time. He was mostly poor, and his very wealthy father
never sent money to Mrs. Hughes for Langston. Writing poems from the
start, Langston wrote poems in the school newspaper.
After high school, Langston went to Columbia University, but felt like
an outsider and dropped out. After quitting collage, Langston worked as a
waiter. Famous poet, Vachel Lindsay came to eat at the restaurant, and
Langston showed him one of his poems. Vachel loved it and put it in a
newspaper. Langston’s career officially launched in 1925.
Hughes book, The Weary Blues made him well known in the literary
crowd. Writing many poems, he received a Harmon Gold medal for his
work. Hughes worked with many famous figures, traveled the world, and
truly wrote poetry for a living. Langston Hughes wrote from 1925-1947.
He died in 1967.
Mae Jemison
Born: October 17, 1956 in Decatur,
Alabama
She is still alive
Family: Did not marry she has children
Education: She went to Elementary
school and High school. She also started
in Stanford University when she was
sixteen.
She was famous because she was
the first African American woman
in space and was a scientist.
Mae Jemison
Mae Jemison is still alive and is a big scientist.
She has also visited her childhood school. She
has also been into space once. She is a teacher,
scientist, dancer and astronaut.
Mae was born on October 17, 1956 in Decatur,
Alabama. She was born in General Hospital.
When she was in Elementary school her teacher
asked everyone what they wanted to be when they grew up. Most of the
girls said that they wanted to be dancers or musicians but Mae loud and
clearly “I want to be a scientist” but her teacher thought that there was
no chance for women to be astronauts not to mention black women.
She was not a slave she was born in the awareness of the civil rights. She
started Stanford University inn California when she was sixteen. She did
very well in Stanford. She also thought it was very different in California.
She completed astronaut training. She has also been into space and that
makes her the first African American woman in space. She was also a
teacher, scientist, musician and astronaut. She also opened doors to
many other African American women who wanted to be astronauts.
She is still alive.
Marian Anderson
Born: Philadelphia February
27, 1897
Died: Portland, Oregon 1993
Era: Freedom without equality
Family: She was not married
and had no children
Education: Went to high
school and graduated.
Marian Anderson was the first African
American to perform with the prestigious
Metropolitan Opera in New York City
Marian Anderson
Marian was born in Philadelphia 1987, Marian Was well liked because of her
beautiful, amazing voice she had. She was the first black African American to sing
at the famous opera house. At age 17, Marian wanted to go to music school but
they didn’t teach black people so instead, Marian took private voice lessons. She
gave many concerts at churches and became one of the best singers in the world;
she won a Grammy lifetime achievement in 1991. Marian was a great singer.
After graduating from high school, Marian Studied voice and began to make
concert tours. Marian became a top concert singer after performing in town hall
in the United States in New York City 1935. Racism affected her career of singing.
Marian Sing At the Lincoln memorial for over 75,000 people because they wouldn’t
let her play in the constitution hall in Washington DC because she was black.
That year, Marian won the Spingarn medal. In 1955, Marian Became the first black
African American to sing at the metropolitan opera in New York. She served as a
delegate in the United Nations and served for the civil rights. Marian Died in 1993,
now people still remember Marian for her beautiful voice and kind Spirit.
Martin Luther King Jr.
Born: January 15, 1929 in Georgia
Atlanta
Died: 1968 by James earl ray in
Tennessee
Education: got out of high school 2
years early to go to collage
Married: in Alabama had no
children
He helped freedom of
African American people
with the speech “I have a
Dream”
Martin Luther King
Hello I am here to tell you a little bit about Dr.
Martin Luther King here is a little bit about him.
Dr. King wrote speeches to help motivate African American people. Dr.
King wrote the really famous speech “I have a dream”. That inspired
African American people that they are equal to white people. He also told
all African American people to be nice to our white brothers, when
somebody threw a smoke bomb into his house. Mr. King was the leader
of mobs and marches and led all black people to be white people. He also
told them to not fight them with actions but to fight them with words.
Mary McLeod Bethune
Born July 10, 1875, Mayesville, South Carolina
Died May 18, 1955, Daytona Beach, Florida
Married to Albertus Bethune, had a child
Educated in church school and went to college
Educated African Americans
Mary McLeod Bethune
Mary McLeod Bethune was born on July 10,
1875, in Mayesville, South Carolina. Her parents had
been slaves, but after the Civil War bought a farm.
When Mary was 11, Trinity Presbyterian Mission
School opened up 5 miles from her house. Her
parents could only afford for 1 of their 17 children to
go. They chose Mary. After she finished school, she trained to be a church
teacher and taught in Georgia and South Carolina. After that, she
attended college.
In 1898 she married Albertus Bethune and had a son with him.
She supported temperance and women sufferage. She moved to Daytona
Beach, Florida and started a school to educate African- American girls. It
eventually grew and merged with the Cookman Institute to become
Bethune-Cookman College. Mary was the president for many years.
After overseeing Bethune-Cookman College, She worked with 4
presidents. She was a close friend of Eleanor Roosevelt. She created the
National Council of Negro Women, started the Daytona Educational and
Industrial Institute, had her face on a postage stamp, was the President
of the Florida Federation of Colored Women, was awarded the Spingarn
Medal in 1935, was the Director of Negro Affairs of the National Youth
Administration in 1936, was a leader, and worked very hard to make life
better for African- Americans
Matthew Henson
Born: August 8, 1866 in Charles County, MD
Died: March 9, 1955
Era: Freedom without Equality
Married to Eva Helen Flint, then to Lucy Jane Ross
Education:
Left school at an early age, but Captain Childs
taught him geography and things about sailing
He Traveled to the
North Pole
Matthew Henson
Matthew Henson’s parents died when he was very young. That
caused him to live with his relatives. By the time Matthew was just 12
years old he became Captain Child’s cabin boy and became interested in
sailing and exploring.
After Captain Childs died years later Matthew wanted to keep
exploring the world. Then, he met an explorer named Robert E. Peary.
Matthew and Robert were now partners. They and their crew wanted to
do something that would be very difficult, travel to the tip of the world
on the North Pole.
They tried once but failed, but the second time they made it.
Matthew was officially the first African American to go to the North Pole.
Robert got most credit because he was white, but people still knew about
Matthew.
Matthew was now very famous. He won a lot of awards. He had
schools, parks, and buildings named after him. He even got to meet the
president! Now, even years later we still remember Matthew Henson,
and his famous trip to the North Pole.
Maya Angelou
Born: April 4th 1928 St. Louis Missouri
Era: World War 2- Civil Rights
When she was 4 year’s old she was separated from
her parents and lived with her grandmother. Had a
husband named Vusmzi Make and a baby named
Clyde.
Education: Went to school and Graduated.
Maya Angelou was very successful
for her literature and changed
people’s minds about African
Americans.
Maya Angelou
Maya Angleou was born 1928 when she was very little she was separated from her
parents and was sent to live with her grandmother. She was lucky enough to go to
school and go to high school. While she was in high school she became the first
conducterette (a girl conducterette).At first the manager said she could not have
the job because of her color but she came back day after day applying for the job
and they finally gave it to her.
When she graduated she decided to work with her love with literature, she started
writing books of stories of her life and books about poetry her first book was titled
“I know why the caged bird sings”. She became well known African American and
was changing expectations of blacks all around the world!
After she started becoming very famous she decided to start writing plays for
equal rights and she became an activist for racial justice. In 1950 she was awarded
the Springarian medal and in 2011 she was awarded the presidential right for
Freedom.
Nat Turner
Born: in South Hampton in October 2nd, 1800
Died: in Jerusalem, Virginia November 11, 1831
He was hung on a tree in Jerusalem, Virginia
He married another slave named Cherry
He led the first slave rebellion
Nat Turner
Nat Turner was born on October 2nd, 1800 in South Hampton,
Virginia. After he was born his mom tried to kill him so he didn`t have to
live as a slave. He ran away from his owners farm for thirty days but then
came back to marry another slave named Cherry.
In his early twenties he led the most well-known and successful
slave rebellion in African American history. Him and over seventy other
slaves killed sixty white men including Nat Turner`s owner during the
rebellion.
His rebellion got all of the senators for Virginia to think very hard
about stopping slavery. Unfortunately the lawmakers immediately said
no to the plan. He nearly stopped slavery all by him-self.
Ralph Bunche
Born: August 7, 1904 Detroit
Michigan
Died: December 9th 1971
Education: Jefferson high school,
UCLA College, Harvard University
Married: Ruth Harris
Children: Ralph jr., Joan, and
Jane
Civil rights era
UN leader
Ralph Bunche
Ralph Bunche was born on August 7, 1904. He grew up in a poor family
but was taught to believe in himself. He went to Jefferson high school,
UCLA College, and Harvard University. He worked for peace under count
Folke Bernadotte. Later, when Bernadotte was killed he took over the
UN. He was married to Ruth Harris and had three kids. He received a
Nobel peace prize for his survives in stopping the Israeli war. He died on
December 9th, 1971of natural causes.
Rosa Parks
Born: February 4th 1913
Died: 2005
Era: Civil Rights
Family: Was married to Raymond
Parks. She had no children. Both of
them worked for the government.
Education: Went to elementary
school for a few years, left to help
sick and injured family, went back
to school and finished high school,
did not go to college.
Rosa Parks believed
in equal rights.
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks was a brave woman. Rosa was born on February 4th 1913
in Tuskegee Alabama. Rosa died 2005. Nobody knows how she died but
some believe she died of old age.
When Rosa was a find child she rarely got to see her father. He
traveled all over the world to find work. Rosa then had to work on her
grandparent’s farm. When she was 2, her mother had a baby boy named
Sylvester. A few years later Rosa started school.
Rosa was in elementary school for 5 years and then left to help sick
and injured family. 9 years later she went back to school and started and
finished high school
Luckily, Rosa was not a slave. She had freedom. In 1932 Rosa’s second
to last year of high school she married a man named Raymond Parks.
Rosa had no children, ever.
Rosa was arrested on December 1st. She was arrested because she
would not get up for a white man on the bus when he or she had no
place to sit. She thought it wasn’t fair that she had a seat and had to get
up for someone else who got on the bus at a later time then her. She had
created a boycott. She encouraged Martin Luther King JR. in his speech.
There was less segregation in the world now you see how Rosa felt.
Thurgood
Marshall
When born: July 2, 1908 Baltimore
When died: January 24, 1993
Slave: born after slavery
Married: 2 times
Kids: 2
He is famous because he
ended school segregation
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was born July 2, 1908 Baltimore
.he went to the Lincoln University where he met
Vinian Burey they got married in 1929,he graduated
his school with honors and went to a law school
named Howard University.
When he graduated he became the chief lawyer of
the NAACP He did many cases with them one was when 3 men were
accused of murder and held in jail until they confessed Thurgood said
that these men were forced to confess the court agreed.
Another case he fought against school segregation he argued against
the government saying “that you these school would be separate but
equal that means getting the same thing at the same time but that can’t
be possible with separate schools” the court agreed.
In 1955 his wife Vinian Burey told Thurgood Marshall that she had cancer.
She died, later he married Cecilia Suyat and had two sons Thurgood Jr
and john. He died January 24, 1993.
W.E.B. DuBois
Born: February 23, 1868
Died: August 27, 1963
Era: Freedom without equality
Family: married to Nina had a
son, Burghardt
W.E.B DuBois believed in
freedom no matter what
color your skin is
W.E.B. DuBois
W.E.B DuBois was a man who wrote for
equality and rights. He wrote everything like a magazine called crisis and
many books like The Philadelphia Negro. He taught kids to fight for their
rights
When he was younger he did not have
to deal with bad treatment because of the color of her skin until he went
to college. He went on a train many people stared he felt bad he was no
different from them he thought. For the first time he realized how bad
segregation really was.
He got a scholarship to Harvard. After he graduated he moved to
Philadelphia and wrote for a while. He taught at many colleges and
traveled all over the world and finally stopped in Africa he died there and
did not live in the United States when the color of skin did not matter and
yet he had a big effect working with NAACP and many other charities he
had a huge effect on segragation.
Wilma Roudoph
Born 1940
Clarksville,Tennese
Had one child at 17
Died of brain cancer
Civil rights era
Went to collage
Fastest woman in the world.
Wilma Roudouph
Wilma was born 1940 in Clarksville,Tennese where she lived with
her poor family a dad that had 17 jobs, and 19 other brothers and sisters.
But most of all she always got sick for example if some had a fever she
had double pneumonia.
But finally one day she got to church and took off the leg brace she
could go to school she became a star basketball player and took her
school to state champions she lost that game but a scout from a collage
asked her if she wanted to have a scholar ship.
And not soon after that she got in to the 1960 Rome Olympics and
even though her ankle hurt she got through the 1st 2st and 3th race and
while becoming the first person to win 3 medals in one Olympic and the
fastest woman in the world.