Global History and Geography
Part A Specific Rubric
Document-Based Question-August 2008
Document 1
The Big Business of Slave 'li-ading
. . . \\,'hen in 1517 Bishop Barto1omr.o de Las (;asas advocatetl ~ s r ~ p ~ o r t the
e r l ]e n c o ~ ~ r r ~ g e ~ n e i l t
of in~~rligr;~tion
to the Se\v \\'orld 1)y 1)rrinitting Spaniards to inlport African sl;lves, the tril<liilg
of I I I ~ I I I ; I I \ Si l l tlrc Sew \,170rldfori~lallyI)cg;i~r.I ,:is (::asas \\,as so cl(~tc~rrr~ir~c~cl
to rclic>vc.Iridia~rsof
tllc; O I I ( ~ ~ O I I[difficult]
S
l~urdenof slaveiy tliat he rcc.ornrricndc.d thc ens1;tvcnlcnt of Africails.
(La1t.r. l ~ eso deeply rrgrcttetl having taliell this position that he vigoro~lslyrenorlnced it.) The
lxln aptillst the list. of' Af'rir*;ulswas re~lloved,il~ldC:llarles I T issi~edlir:e~rsesto several Fle~nish
tra(h:rs to t;lkr, Afi-icr~~rs
to t11c Spiinish r:olo~iic,s.Monopoly of the, trac.!(, \vcblit to t11c Iriglrc~st
1)itltlcrs. Soilieti~~lcs
it \\.;is lrc~ltl1 ) Dutcll
~
tradcrs. at other ti~rles1)y Portuguc~se,Frcnch. or
Endish. ils M'wt Jntlian plantations grtw in size ant1 iml)ortance, the slave trade heca~nea hrigc.,
h.
l)rolit;tl,le ii~rd(~rtitking
elr1~11oying
tho~is;t~-rds
of persons ; ~ n d
involviirg ;I c:;q>italoi~tli~y
of ~nillinrrs
of dollars. H y 1.540 t11c' ;i111111iili~rl~)ortatioli
of Afrie;ir) ~Iiivi:~
illto tlre \,Vc,st Ir~dies\viis cstin~iitctl
;>t 1 0 000. . .
Source: Franklin and Moss, From Slavery to Freedom: A History of African Americans, Alfred A. Knopf
1
According to Franklin and Moss, what was one reason enslaved Africans were imported to
the "New World" by Europeans?
Score of 1:
States a reason enslaved Africans were imported to the "New World" by Europeans according to
Franklin and Moss
Examples: so Indians would not have to be slaves; to remove the burden of slavery fiom the
Indians; slave trade was profitable; labor was needed for plantations; slaves were
needed on plantations; ban against the use of Africans was removed
Score of 0:
Incorrcct response
Examples: Las Casas supported immigration to the New World; slavery was renounced; the
ban against the use of Indians was removed
Vague response that does not answer the question
Examples: licenses were issued; there was a monopoly of trade; slave trade became huge; to
replace them
No response
Document 2
. . . Large:-scah: silgar plantations, c:stal)lishcd first in Bi-azil ar~tl,after 1645, in thc- Carit~t~can
islancis, wcre cno~-~noi~sly
l~ro~itabl(:.
Plantr~tionsin Cuba gaixre more than a 30 percor~tretiirn on
capital investment; those in Barbados returned 40 to 50 percent. These isla~ldsbecarne societies
whose economies relied he,a\ily on tile labor or African captives. In 1789, one-third or the
lx)pi~latior)or C'i-ibawas con3p1ised or A r~icans.I3etween 1730 anrl 1 834, 1117 to 90 percen t of the
popi~lations or Jamaica, Antignn, and Grenada \were hlricans. Jn Hrazil in 1800, halT the
l~)pi~lation
was Ah-ican. . . .
Source: Willie F. Page, Encyclopedia of African History and Culture, Volume Ill, Facts on File
Score of 1:
States an impact of the arrival of Africans on Brazil and on the Caribbean Islands according to
Willie F. Page
Examples: large-scale sugar plantations became profitable; island economies relied heavily on
the labor of African captives; Africans became a bigger part of the populations; by
1789, one-third of the Cuban population was African; between 1730 and 1834, up to
90 per cent of the populations of Jamaica, Antigua, and Grenada were Africans; in
1800, half the Brazilian population was African
Score of 0:
Incorrect response
Examples: plantations were first established in Brazil; 90 per cent of Africans lived in Jamaica;
investments returned
Vague response that does not answer the question
Examples: islands became societies; sugar plantations were large; it was an investment; they
worked
NO response
Document 3
. . . Long-Tarn Effects. The trade in Arricxn slaves b~.o~ight
about the largest forced movement
of people in history. It established the basis for black pop~llationsin the Caribbean and in North
alld South America. A t the s;uile time, it disrupted social and political life in 8fi.ica and opened
the door for European colonization of tlie continent. . . .
'The shift in European demaiid from gold, foodstuffs, and such products to slaves changed the
relations among African groups and states. The prices Africans received for slaves iilade it illore
profitable for them to take captives t'roin their neighbors than to establish networks for
producing and selling other goods. Tn this way the slave trade encouraged strong states to raid
weaker states for slaves. As a result, many African societies were tom by organized slave wa-s and
general banditv. Successful slave-raiding and trading societies formed new states that were
dominated I3y n;ilitalY groups and constantly at war with their neighbors. . . .
Source: John Middleton, ed., Africa: An Encyclopedia for Students, Volume 4, Thornson Learning
3 Based on this excerpt from Africa: An Encyclopedia for Students, state two effects of the slave
trade on Africa.
Score of 2 or 1:
Award 1 credit (up to a maximum of 2 credits) for each different effect of the slave trade on Africa
as stated in Africa: An Encyclopediafor Students
Examples: sociallpoliticalleconomiclife in Africa was disrupted; the door for European
colonization of the continent was opened; European demand for slaves changed the
relations among African groupslstates; it became profitable for Africans to take
captives from their neighbors; slave trade encouraged strong states to raid weaker
states for slaves; many African societies were torn by organized slave warslgeneral
banditry; new African states were dominated by military groups; new states were
constantly at war with their neighbors
Note: To receive maximum credit, two different effects of the slave trade on Africa must be stated.
For example Africans took captives from their neighbors and neighbors were raided for slaves
are the same effect expressed in different words. In this and similar cases, award only one credit
for this question.
Score of 0:
Incorrect response
Examples: it established the basis for black populations in the Caribbean; there was no more
demand for gold; networks were established to produce and sell goods
Vague response that does not answer the question
Examples: there was trade in African slaves; prices were more profitable; the effects were longterm
No response
In thousands
4
Based on these documents, identify two specific reasons large number of Jewish immigrants
moved to the PalestinianOsraeli region between 1920 and 1970.
Score of 2 or 1:
Award 1 credit (up to a maximum of 2 credits) for each different reason for the large numbers of
Jewish immigrants moving to the PalestiniadIsraeli region between 1920 and 1970 based on these
documents
Examples: Hitler's rise to power; Kristallnacht; Final Solution; creation of Israel; partition of
Palestine; the Law of the Return was passed; result of Six Day War
Note: To receive maximum credit, two different reasons for the large number of Jewish immigrants to
the PalestinianBsraeli region between 1920 and 1970 must be stated. For example, the
Holocaust and Final Solution is implemented are the same reason expressed in different words.
In this and similar cases, award only one credit for this question.
Score of 0:
Incorrect response
Examples: they were exiled by Hitler; Great Britain; mandate
Vague response that does not answer the question
Examples: laws; conflict; war; things were bad
NO response
Document Sa
Arab Palcstiiiiaiis bc!pn to Iorivc: tl.ir:ir hon-10s in citics in 1lc:cc:rnl)c~r1947. Thc n ~ ~ r n b eof'
l . Arah Palestinians
1e;wiilg their homes increased to 11und1.edsof thousands by May .I 948. During the last week of April ~n 1948, as
the figl~tingcame closer to their home, the Palestinian family in this passage left J a f h for Hamallah. 011 May 14,
l948? Jsrac:l \\.as established. This r~c:wcoiintw i11clltdcc:lthc citv o S Jafla. Raniallah was ill tlic: West Uank tliat
Iwcarne part of Jordan.
up healing the description of lny father's last visit to Jaffa, and it has left an indelible
[permanent] impression on me. My fathe~.'s entire holdii~gswei-e in and around JafFa, the
products of his ocmi hard work. His father had lcft hiiri nothing. How clif'f'icult it ~riusthave
to bid all tliis fiirc\vcll. The irliage of my fither, liis every step cclloirig in the crnpty streets of thc
dt,scrtcd city, still klaunts me. . . .
. . . 1 grew
H e ino\cd on to the markc:tplacc, ernpty except for a few shops that had sorrieliow rt:lriaixicd
ol)c11. H c walked T)a~w"dinn's,his I-):irt;crsliop, and found it closed. T h c courtliousc was closed,
as were the clinics, the nul.sciics, t l ~ cafks,
e
the ciuciria. Thc place was clcscitcd, prcparcd to bc
captu~.ed.1l:'llat have LVC done, tlc wondcrcd. Hocv could we liave all left? . . .
Source: Raja Shehadeh, Strangers in the House: Coming of Age in Occupied Palestine,
Penguin Books
Sa Based on this account by Raja Shehadeh, what was one impact on the city of Jaffa when the
Palestinians left?
Score of 1:
States an impact on the city of Jaffa when the Palestinians left according to Raja Shehadeh
Examples: city became deserted; streets were empty; only a few shops remained open in the
marketplace; barbershop/courthouse/clinics/nurseries/cafes/cinemawere closed; it
left the city prepared to be captured; Jaffa's Palestinian population dropped
Score of 0:
Incorrect response
Examples: barbershop/courthouse/clinics/nurseries/cafes/cinemawere captured; the
marketplace was closed
Vague response that does not answer the question
Examples: impressions were left; it was hard work; shops were in the marketplace; they bid
farewell; the Arab Palestinians moved to Ramallah
NO response
Document 5b
This excerpt describes the early days of the State of Israel in 1949 when many people, including the Jews
from displaced camps in Europe, were migrating into and out of the region.
. . . At any rate, the return of the Arabs to their homes became increasingly difficult with the rise
of another cataclysmic event-the mass influx of the Jews from all over the world. They had been
coming, even in the midst of hostilities, at the rate of a thousand a day, in larger numbers than
had been expected, and in much larger numbers than the country was ready to accommodate.
The squeamishness of the Custodians of Abandoned (Arab) Property had to give way to the
onrush of this deluge [flood of people] and the early comers and some of the old-timers helped
themselves to whatever was left of the former Arab houses. . . .
Source: M. Z. Frank, Introduction to "From the Four Corners of the Earth," Sound the Great Trumpet, Whittier Books
5b According to M. Z. Frank, what was one effect of the Jewish migration on Israel?
Score of 1:
States an effect of the Jewish migration on Israel according to M. Z. Frank
Examples: the numbers of immigrants entering the country were larger than the country was
ready to accommodate; some of the immigrants helped themselves to abandoned
Arab houses; Israel's Custodians of Abandoned Property could not protect Arab
holdings
Score of 0:
Incorrect response
Examples: Arabs returned at a rate of one thousand per day; migration ended in 1949; most
Arabs were able to return to their homes
Vague response that does not answer the question
E,xamples: it was another cataclysmic event; plans were being completed; it grew
NO response
Document 6
Riclinrtl ll:illstiittcl., a G(~rilianJ(,wisli chcrriist, won a Nol)c.l Yrizc. in 1915 Iri 1938, (hiring Sazi
rnanaged to flee Gcrrriany. %lari);otlicrs fled before 1.938 aiid some fled after.
i111(., 1 1 ~ ~
. . Ll7illstritter's story demoristrates that tlic exodus of German Jews was one of the ~nost
,istonisliirig rnigratioiis ill histoi-y It iricluded not oiily Nol~elPiizc wiririe~sbut tliousarids ot'
other scientists, artists, aradeinics, engiiicers, and professional iilcri aiid \voiricn ill evcly
category Aiid smc'c tliis as ari eritiic pop~liitioriaiid not tlic usual youiig person in sc'ircli of a
fortune, it was nlade up of wholc families, midcue-aged couplcs. and e17er1the eldcrly, likc. Betty
Scliolciri, wlio scttled ill a sillall town 111 Australia, teiidlng sweetshop witli onc of 21cr so~is.
Drivcii out of tlieir country. tlic); took their talent ,xrid skills and culture with tlicui and rnadc the
J cst of tlicx world ridlcr hi it. . .
Source: Ruth Gay, The Jews of Germany, Yale University Press
6 According to Ruth Gay, what was one way Germany was hurt by the migration of German
Jews?
Score of 1:
States a way Germany was hurt by the migration of German Jews according to Ruth Gay
Examples: Nobel Prize winners/scientists/artists/academics/engineers/professionalmen and
women were lost; whole familieslmiddle-aged coupleslthe elderly left; people took
their talents/ski~ls/culturewith them
Score of 0:
Incorrect response
Examples: the rest of the world was made richer; a German Jewish chemist won a Nobel Prize
in 1915 ; they were driven out of the country; it was the most astonishing migration
in history
Vague response that does not answer the question
Examples: young people left in search of a fortune; the exodus is demonstrated; talents
NO response
Document 7
' ..
I
Partition
(;andhi's beliefs were based, in part, o n ancient Hind11 ideals. This may llavt added to the
hat~.edand s~rspicionthat had always existed between Hind~isand M~rslims.The Mi~slirnswere
afraid that tlley v-otlld have no power in the new India. Although the Hindr~leaders, includmg
Gandhi, tried to 1-eass11rethe Muslims, no agreement co111dhe reached. The ro1lnix-y was finall;
dlv~dedi n to two parts-the independent M~lsllmstcite 0oC Pilklstan and a predominately Hindu
state-the Democratic Repiihlic of India. . . .
I
Source: Jean Bothwell, The First Book of India, Franklin Watts
7
According to Jean Bothwell, what was one cause of the migration of Muslims and Hindus?
Score of 1:
States a cause of the migration of Muslims and Hindus according to Jean Bothwell
Examples: hatredlsuspicion had always existed between Hindus and Muslims; Muslims were
afraid they would have no power in the new India; no agreement on sharing power
in a united India could be reached between Hindus and Muslims; India was divided;
a Muslim state and a Hindu state were created; partition of India; people were afraid
of violence
Score of 0:
Incorrect response
Examples: Hindu leaders reassured Muslims; India was democratic; based on ancient Hindu
ideals; agreements were reached; Gandhi was a Hindu
Vague response that does not answer the question
Examples: Gandhi's beliefs were ideals; it was a partition; things got bad
NO response
Document 8
History's Greatest Migration
4,000,000 People Cross the Punjab to Seek New Homes
The mass migration and exchange of populations in the Punjab-Moslems moving west into
Pakistan and Hinclus and Sikhs trekking east into India-have
now reached a scale
nnpiwedented in histon. Accurate statistics are impossible to obtain, hut it is I-easonat~leto
estimate that no fewer than four million people are nowr on the mo\le both ways.
What this nleans in te1.r-11sof liul-nan1njse1.yand hardsllip can be neither imagined nor descl.ibed.
e r i ~ inc:luding the
\Yithin the past few weeks the conditions o\er a wide area of n ' o ~ ~ t l ~Tnd.ia,
\vhole of the Tnclus Valley and pai-t of the Gangetic Plain, I~avedeteriorated steadilv. Tt is no
exaggeration to say that tl~roughoutthe Noit11-west Frontier Pro\inc;es, in the M7est Punjah, the
East I'unjah, and the U7e:stel-npart of the United Provinces the minority communities live in a
state of insecurity often arnountilrg to panic.
Farther aficld in the: castern parts of the Urlited Provirices and to a less extcut in Bihai- ard
Bcngal, uiruch tel.lsiori arid friction prevail but there lias IiitIlcrto bccri littlc movemt.lit of
population. . . .
Source: Guardian, Thursday, September 25. 1947
8 Based on this article in the Guardian, state two ways the region of South Asia was affected by
the mass migration of people in 1947.
Score of 2 or 1:
Award 1 credit (up to a maximum of 2 credits) for each different way the region of South Asia was
affected by the mass migration of people in 1947 based on this article in the Guardian
Examples: Moslems moved west from India into Pakistan; HindusISikhs moved from Pakistan
into India; millions of people moved between Pakistan and Indialmillions of people
crossed the Punjab; much human miserylhardship was caused; some minority
communities lived in a state of insecurity
Note: To receive maximum credit, two different ways the region of South Asia was affected by the
mass migration of people in 1947 must be stated. For example, people moved from India to
Pakistan and Muslims moved from India to Pakistan is the same way expressed in different
words. In this and similar cases, award only one credit for this question.
Score of 0:
Incorrect response
Examples: miserylhardship deteriorated; fewer than four million people moved; there was little
movement of population
Vague response that does not answer the question
Examples: it reached a scale unprecedented in history; statistics are impossible; it cannot be
imagined
No response
Document 9
. . . Alicl thcrc wcrc llIal1): 1 ex:u~l~lcs
w1.1ercu i ~ t ~ u ~ h a hwcrc
l c s ii-ivisiblc cluli~lgtlic partition 1. 111
Tariuaiy 1938. hvo social.\vorkers; Suslriila N a y a r arid Ariis Kidwai, \vent to visit Tiliar ~illagc.on
the outslarts of' Dclhi. They had licard that a ricli Hindu from Pakistan had left beliirid huge
p i - o p e t i c ~ \ ~ l i chc
n I-lad inoved, and had thcrcfoi-c, like inany people, cffectcd an exchaiige of
propcity with a iieli Musliin iri Tiliar to whom the larid bclongcd. Eacli took thc otl~el.'spl.opcity.
But rieitlicr Lvas obliged to cany or1 with the othcl-'s business. The Hindu, tlicrefore, tlrirc\\' out
all yrcviousllr: ~ ~ r i ~ 1 o )W
I cOd~ ~ C J froill
-s
his ricwly ;icquirc~lpiccc of pi-011~ity.Most of tlicsc W C ~ C
Muslil~ls,11ut allout 'a tliird wcrc Harijans lur1touclia1)lc.s
1. Tllc Muslims inadc tlricir wily to ollc
or t 1 . 1 ~otlicl- of' t l ~ chvo Musliu~caulis t l ~ n t11ati 1)ccll sct up ill thc city. But fol. tllc i1aii~alls.
i l l ;L \v;11. t11;lt was 1)asically ccrltcrc:cl arou~~cl
Hiiitlu and Musliir~idcntitics, tllcl-c 1 ~ 3 s
disl~l;~ccd
nowhcrc to go. K o caiilps to hclp them tic& over thc dillicult timc. No rccoursc to go\~crumci~tit11 too p~-(wcclipic~(l
at t h liioln(wt
~
with loolzi~lg~il'tc-rt h int(-:r(.:sts
~
OS b1'111sliinsilll(1 TTintlus, no
ht:lp Si-oin politicill l(:;ul(~rswhosc. p1iori.tic.s wert- cli~krc.ntat the time. . . .
Source: Urvashi Butalia, The Other Side
o f Silence, Duke University Press, 2000
9 According to Urvashi Butalia, what was one impact the migration of Muslims and Hindus
had on South Asia?
Score of 1:
States an impact the migration of Muslims and Hindus had on South Asia according to Urvashi
Butalia
Examples: rich people exchanged properties; untouchables/Harijans/Muslims lost jobs; people
were thrown out of work; displaced Harijans had no place to go1 received no help
from political leaders; Muslim camps were set up in Delhi
Score of 0:
Incorrect response
Examples: untouchables gained land; the government helped the Harijans; there was no
government
Vague response that does not answer the question
Examples: social workers went to visit; there was nowhere to go; the partition was invisible
NO response