How the motion picture industry miscalculates box office receipts
S. Eric Anderson, Loma Linda University
Stewart Albertson, Loma Linda University
David Shavlik, Loma Linda University
INTRODUCTION
Box office grosses, once of interest only to
movie industry executives, are now widely
publicized and immediately reported by movie
industry
tracking
companies.
The
instantaneous tracking and reporting hurts
movies with weak openings, but helps movies
with big openings become even bigger as
people flock to see what all the fuss is about.
Due to inflation, the highest grossing movies
tend to be the more recent releases, which the
motion picture industry is taking full
advantage of when promoting new movies.
As a result, the motion picture industry has
developed “highest grossing “ movie lists
from almost every angle imaginable - opening
day, opening weekend, opening day nonweekend, opening day during the fall, winter
and spring, opening day Memorial weekend,
second weekend of release, fewest screens,
etc. - to ensure that their movie will be on top
or near the top of some list. The barrage of
announcements informing the public of
increased box office grosses give the false
impression that the actual number of
moviegoers is increasing and box office
records are being set every year. The motion
picture industry is proud to proclaim that box
office gross receipts increased 13.2% between
2001 and 2002 and have more than doubled
since 1987. However, they do not publicize
the number of tickets sold during these
periods and account for gross receipts using
the CPI for the true measure of inflation. By
looking at just dollar figures the industry is
able to mask the decline of one of America’s
pastimes. For example, most are unaware that
when movie grosses are adjusted for inflation,
the Sound of Music was a more popular movie
than Titanic even though the box office gross
was over $400 million less. So why is it then
that box office grosses are often the only
numbers reported, when the numbers have
little meaning? The motion picture industry,
aware that inflation helps movies grow bigger,
has little interest in reporting highest grossing
box office numbers with inflation-adjusted
dollars that will show the motion picture
industry is stagnant at best. They are able to
get away with it since most don’t know how
to
handle
those
inflation-adjusting
calculations.
Inflation-adjusted gross calculations are
inaccurate
Some tracking companies have begun
reporting box office grosses with the less
popular inflation-adjusted dollars. However,
even these lists are not an accurate measure of
a movie’s popularity since ticket prices have
increased at a rate more than twice that of
inflation since 1939. According to the Motion
Picture Association of America, a movieticket in 1935 cost a quarter or about $3.00 in
today’s dollars, but the average ticket price
today is around $6.00. Another problem is
that the relationship between movie ticket
prices and inflation do not necessarily parallel
one another. For example, in 1970 movie
tickets cost $1.55 or about $6.68 in inflationadjusted dollars, which is higher than today’s
average ticket price. Inflation-adjusted movie
ticket prices peaked during the 1970s and by
1980 inflation-adjusted movie-ticket prices
2004 Proceedings of the Midwest Business Economics Association
108
had dropped to about $2.69 or about $5.50 in
inflation-adjusted dollars, which is less than
what they are today. Another concern is that
inflation-adjusted grosses, don’t take into
consideration the fact that the United States
has added two more states and more than
doubled its population in the past 70 years.
This has resulted in a significantly larger
market for the motion picture industry than
what existed in the past.
Recalculation of box office receipts
alters rankings
What impact does adjusting for the ticket
price the year the movie is released and
adjusting again for the increased population
have on the top grossing motion pictures of
all time lists? A brief glance at the top 25 lists
shows the impact to be significant (a complete
list is found in the appendix). The first
column lists the highest 25 grossing movies of
all-time, the second column lists the highest
25 grossing movies of all-time with inflation
adjusted dollars, the third column lists the top
25 movies where the gross is divided by the
ticket price the year the movie was initially
released and the fourth column lists the top
25 movies where the gross is divided by the
ticket price the year the movie was initially
released and then divided by the population of
the United States of the same year. Box office
gross numbers, taken from the Motion
Picture Association of America website,
include theatrical box office receipts (movie
ticket sales), theatrical re-release receipts and
did not include video rentals, international
box office, television rights and other
revenues. Movie ticket prices for each year
were taken from the National Association of
Theater Owners official website. Inflation
numbers were determined by the consumer price
index (CPI) the most prominent measure of
inflation, which is calculated by the United
States Department of Labor.
Motion picture industry’s golden age
occurred long ago
A review of the top 25 in each category shows
there was a significant amount of re-ordering
when inflation-adjusted box office grosses
were compared to box office grosses divided
by the movie ticket prices of that particular
year. Only six movies of the highest grossing
movies also appeared on the inflationadjusted gross list. Gone With the Wind and The
Sound of Music the first and third highest on
the inflation-adjusted gross list weren’t even
listed on the highest grossing list. Seven
movies not previously listed on the inflationadjusted gross list moved onto the gross
divided by ticket price of that year list
including Bambi and Pinocchio, which ranked
third and fourth respectively. When
comparing the list compiled by dividing the
population by the ticket price of that
particular year only The Best Years of our Lives
and This is the Army were new to the list along
with a modest level of re-ordering. It is
somewhat ironic that both of these movies
were higher on the list than Titanic the highest
grossing film of all-time. The defeat of Titanic
by two unknown films will come as a big
surprise to many outside the motion picture
industry. Titanic slipping from number 1 to 5
to 15 and then down to 24 shows the
inaccuracy of highest gross box office
numbers lists. It is also worth noting that the
10 most popular movies of all-time, based on
ticket price and divided by the population of
that year were all initially released before 1961.
This leaves little doubt that the golden age of
the motion picture industry occurred long
ago.
Region and rating impact box office
grosses
This list, like any other list, can never really be
one hundred percent accurate for a variety of
reasons. By just counting gross, box office
numbers overrate movies more popular in
2004 Proceedings of the Midwest Business Economics Association
109
expensive markets. For example, twice as
many people in rural areas will have to see a
movie to count as much as a single New
Yorker who pays twice the amount for their
ticket. Since ticket prices around the country
vary in relation, regional popularity of a movie
could bias the numbers. Similarly, movies
packed with kids who get in for half-price as
well as discount-getting seniors or students
may not do as well as movies with full-fare
paying adults. This distortion however could
be partially offset by the fact that the younger
crowd watching matinees often view a movie
more than once. If a G-rated movie and an Rrated movie finished about the same in gross
numbers, the kid’s movie probably sold more
tickets since matinee tickets are priced much
lower. The fact that 9 out of the 10 ten films
of all-time - based on ticket price and divided
by the population of that year were all initially
released were cartoons - had more to do with
the year the movie was initially released than
the fact that they were kid’s movies.
Motion picture industry is embarrassed
If the motion picture industry were really
interested in comparing the relative success of
a movie, it would report the number of movie
tickets sold in the same way that book and
music sales are calculated. In both these
industries, bestseller lists are based on unit
sales, which measure the true popularity of a
book or recording artist. However,
Hollywood gave up counting the success of
movies based on ticket sales a long time ago,
because the numbers were an embarrassment.
In 1946, the number of movie tickets sold was
three times larger than it is today despite the
fact that the population has doubled and
added two additional states. According to the
Motion Picture Association of America,
movie going in the US peaked in the mid1940s and has never come close to reaching
the same levels. In 1946 nearly 4.1 billion
tickets were sold and in 1966, admissions fell
below 1 billion for the first time, and stayed
there until 1974. They hovered around 1
billion until they began to climb in the 1990s,
reaching almost 1.5 billion in 2001.
Future box office declines are possible
The motion picture industry can expect future
box office declines if movie ticket prices
continue to climb at a rate twice that of
inflation. Already many are finding it difficult
to spend upwards to $50.00 for movie tickets
and popcorn for their family, when they could
probably just go home and rent a video for
less than $5.00. Why has the price of movie
tickets gone up? According to the National
Association of Theater Owners, the increases
can partially be blamed on new theater
construction, as well as upgrades involving
features such as stadium seating and digital
sound systems. In the past ten years, many
new theaters were forced to invest in
significant upgrades or close down. Even
some that spent lavishly on upgrades were
forced into bankruptcy.
Motion picture industry gets the last
laugh
The motion picture industry uses dishonest
ways of attracting attention to particular
movies. There have been reports of critics
being “subsidized” for their promotion of
particular films. Also, studios will use highly
visible movie stars to attract significant
amounts of attention to a film during its
opening weekend. Even if the film is a dud,
the profits made during the opening weekend
may put the project in the money. Since no
one seems to care about the miscalculation of
box office receipts, aware of the significant
decline in movie going from 1946 to 2002, or
concerned about the somewhat dishonest
ways of film promotion, the motion picture
industry gets the last laugh.
Sources
National Association
(www.natoonline.org)
2004 Proceedings of the Midwest Business Economics Association
of
Theatre
Owners
110
Motion Picture
(www.mpaa.org)
Association
Gross
of
America
State Department of Labor (www.dol.gov)
1) Gone With the
Wind
2) Snow White
3) Bambi
Gross / cost /
population
1) Gone With the
Wind
2) Snow White
3) Bambi
4) Pinocchio
4) Pinocchio
5) Fantasia
5) Fantasia
6) The Ten
Commandments
7) The Two Towers 7) Jaws
6) Star Wars
6) Song of the South
7) Song of the South
7) Cinderella
8) Forrest Gump
8) Ben-Hur
8) 101 Dalmations
8) 101 Dalmations
9) The Lion King
9) Doctor Zhivago
9) Cinderella
9) Peter Pan
10) The Sorcerer's
10) Snow White
Stone
11) Fellowship of the 11) 101 Dalmations
Ring
12) Finding Nemo
12) The Exorcist
10) Peter Pan
10) Lady and the
Tramp
11) Star Wars
1) Titanic
2) Star Wars
3) E.T.
4) The Phantom
Menace
5) Spider-Man
Inflation adjusted
gross
1) Gone With the
Wind
2) Star Wars
3) The Sound of
Music
4) E.T.
Gross / ticket cost
5) Titanic
6) Jurassic Park
11) Lady and the
Tramp
12) The Sound of
Music
13) E.T.
14) The Ten
Commandments
15) Titanic
12) The Sound of
Music
13) The Ten
Commandments
14) The Wizard of
Oz
15) Jaws
16) The Sting
16) Jaws
16) E.T.
17) The Empire
Strikes Back
18) Home Alone
17) Raiders of the
Lost Ark
18) The Graduate
17) The Exorcist
17) Ben-Hur
18) The Jungle Book
18) Mary Poppins
19) The Matrix
Reloaded
20) Shrek
19) Jungle Book
19) The Empire
Strikes Back
20) Mary Poppins
19) The Jungle Book
21) The Chamber of
Secrets
21) The Phantom
Menace
21) Doctor Zhivago
21) The Exorcist
13) Attack of the
Clones
14) Return of the
Jedi
15) Independence
Day
16) The Sixth Sense
13) The Empire
Strikes Back
14) Return of the
Jedi
15) Mary Poppins
20) Jurassic Park
2004 Proceedings of the Midwest Business Economics Association
20) Doctor Zhivago
111
22) Grinch stole
Christmas
23) Jaws
22) Fantasia
24) Monsters Inc.
24) Forrest Gump
25) Batman
25) The Lion King
23) The Godfather
22) The Wizard of
Oz
23) Ben-Hur
22) Best Years of our
Lives
23) This is the Army
24) Return of the
Jedi
25) The Sting
24) Titanic
25) The Empire
Strikes Back
Appendix
R (rank) represents overall rank as determined by the total tickets sold divided by the population at
the time the movie was initially released. GR (gross rank) ranks the top 178 films of all-time adjusted
for inflation, but listed in today’s dollars. TP (ticket price) is the price of the ticket at the time the
movie was initially released. P (population) represents United States population at the time. TS
(tickets sold) are calculated by dividing population by price of ticket at the time the movie was
initially released. TSP (tickets sold / population) is calculated by dividing total tickets sold by the
population in the United States the year the movie was initially released. The asterisk denotes in
millions.
R
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Movie
Gone With the Wind
Snow White
Bambi
Pinocchio
Fantasia
Song of the South
Cinderella
101 Dalmatians
Peter Pan
Lady and the Tramp
Star Wars
The Sound of Music
The Ten Commandments
The Wizard of Oz
Jaws
E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial
Ben-Hur
Mary Poppins
The Jungle Book
Doctor Zhivago
The Exorcist
Best Years of Our Lives
This is the Army
Titanic
The Empire Strikes Back
Year
1939
1937
1942
1940
1940
1946
1950
1961
1953
1955
1977
1965
1956
1939
1975
1982
1959
1964
1967
1965
1973
1946
1943
1997
1980
Gross*
98.5
184.9
102.8
084.3
076.4
065.0
091.3
152.6
087.4
093.6
461.1
163.2
080.0
026.2
260.0
399.8
073.0
102.3
135.5
111.7
204.7
023.6
019.5
600.8
290.2
GR
033
036
085
097
102
165
093
057
095
091
002
051
162
129
149
004
163
087
064
075
030
131
139
001
011
2004 Proceedings of the Midwest Business Economics Association
TP
0.25
0.25
0.28
0.26
0.26
0.33
0.47
0.78
0.52
0.57
2.23
1.04
0.60
0.25
2.03
2.94
0.71
0.95
1.22
1.04
1.81
0.33
0.29
4.59
2.69
P*
131
130
135
132
132
143
151
181
157
163
219
189
166
131
214
230
175
187
194
189
209
143
137
269
226
TS*
794.0
739.6
367.1
324.2
293.8
197.0
194.3
195.6
168.1
164.4
206.8
156.9
133.3
104.8
128.1
136.0
102.8
107.7
111.1
107.4
113.1
071.5
067.2
130.9
107.9
TSP
6.061
5.689
2.720
2.456
2.226
1.377
1.286
1.081
1.071
1.007
0.944
0.830
0.803
0.800
0.598
0.591
0.588
0.576
0.573
0.568
0.541
0.500
0.491
0.487
0.477
112
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
The Bells of St. Mary's
Samson and Delliah
Greatest Show on Earth
Sergeant York
For Whom The Bell Tolls
The Graduate
The Robe
Duel in the Sun
Return of the Jedi
The Sting
Around the World
Sleeping Beauty
Quo Vadis?
My Fair Lady
The Jolson Story
Going My Way
Raiders of the Lost Ark
The Godfather
From Here to Eternity
Cleopatra
Mrs. Miniver
Butch Cassidy
Giant
Grease
White Christmas
Close Encounters
Love Story
Jurassic Park
20000 Leagues
Thunderball
Airport
South Pacific
The Song of Bernadette
Yankee Doodle Dandy
Forrest Gump
How the West Was Won
West Side Story
RockyHorrorPictureShow
Bridge on the River Kwai
The Phantom Menace
Meet Me in St. Louis
Leave Her to Heaven
Swiss Family Robinson
American Graffiti
Ghostbusters
Blue Skies
1945
1949
1952
1941
1943
1967
1953
1946
1983
1973
1956
1959
1951
1964
1946
1944
1981
1972
1953
1963
1942
1969
1956
1978
1954
1977
1970
1993
1954
1965
1970
1958
1943
1942
1994
1962
1961
1975
1957
1999
1944
1945
1960
1973
1984
1946
021.3
028.8
036.0
016.4
017.8
104.4
036.0
020.4
309.1
159.6
042.0
051.6
030.0
072.0
019.0
016.3
242.4
134.8
030.5
057.8
013.5
102.3
035.0
181.3
030.0
166.0
106.4
357.1
028.2
063.6
100.5
036.8
012.5
011.8
329.7
046.5
043.7
134.2
033.3
431.1
012.8
013.8
040.4
115.0
238.6
014.3
135
125
168
141
140
082
167
138
008
052
166
109
171
164
178
142
017
065
123
106
145
086
169
040
172
156
077
005
126
103
089
121
147
148
006
112
116
067
122
003
146
144
118
158
019
143
2004 Proceedings of the Midwest Business Economics Association
0.32
0.41
0.50
0.27
0.29
1.22
0.52
0.33
3.15
1.81
0.60
0.71
0.48
0.95
0.33
0.30
2.78
1.73
0.52
0.86
0.28
1.44
0.60
2.34
0.54
2.23
1.55
4.14
0.54
1.04
1.55
0.68
0.29
0.28
4.08
0.82
0.78
2.03
0.64
5.06
0.30
0.32
0.74
1.81
3.36
0.33
141
149
156
133
137
194
157
143
232
209
166
175
153
187
143
139
228
207
157
185
135
200
166
221
160
219
203
257
160
189
203
172
137
135
260
183
181
214
169
277
139
141
179
209
234
143
066.6
070.2
072.0
060.7
061.4
085.6
069.2
061.8
098.1
088.2
070.0
072.7
062.5
075.8
057.6
054.3
087.2
077.9
058.7
067.2
048.2
071.0
058.3
077.5
055.6
074.4
068.6
086.3
052.2
061.2
064.8
054.1
043.1
042.1
080.8
056.7
056.0
066.1
052.0
085.2
042.7
043.1
054.6
063.5
071.0
043.3
0.472
0.471
0.462
0.457
0.448
0.441
0.441
0.432
0.423
0.422
0.422
0.415
0.408
0.405
0.403
0.391
0.382
0.376
0.374
0.363
0.357
0.355
0.351
0.351
0.347
0.340
0.338
0.336
0.326
0.324
0.319
0.315
0.315
0.312
0.311
0.310
0.310
0.309
0.308
0.308
0.307
0.306
0.305
0.304
0.303
0.303
113
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
Rear Window
Lawrence of Arabia
Beverly Hills Cop
Blazing Saddles
The Lion King
Saturday Night Fever
House of Wax
Its a Mad, Mad World
Billy Jack
The Towering Inferno
Goldfinger
Animal House
Home Alone
Tootsie
The Longest Day
Poseidon Adventure
Independence Day
Superman
Smokey & the Bandit
MASH
Over the Cuckoos Nest
Batman
Rocky
The Caine Mutiny
Back to the Future
Shane
Sayonara
Psycho
Who's Coming to Dinner
Fiddler on the Roof
Tom Jones
The Shaggy Dog
The Temple of Doom
Mister Roberts
Spartacus
Funny Girl
The Trial of Billy Jack
Young Frankenstein
Bonnie and Clyde
2001 A Space Odyssey
The King and I
The Sixth Sense
Ghost
Aladdin
Mrs. Doubtfire
Twister
1954
1962
1984
1974
1994
1977
1953
1963
1971
1974
1964
1978
1990
1982
1962
1972
1996
1978
1977
1970
1975
1989
1976
1954
1985
1953
1957
1960
1967
1971
1963
1959
1984
1955
1960
1968
1974
1974
1967
1968
1956
1999
1990
1992
1993
1996
026.0
045.1
234.8
119.5
312.9
142.5
023.8
046.3
098.0
116.0
051.1
141.6
285.8
177.2
039.1
093.3
306.2
134.2
126.7
081.6
112.0
251.2
117.2
021.8
210.6
020.0
026.3
032.0
056.7
080.5
037.6
029.0
179.9
021.2
030.0
058.5
089.0
086.3
050.7
056.1
021.3
293.5
217.6
217.4
219.2
241.7
175
115
020
072
007
061
130
113
160
157
110
062
012
043
119
092
009
066
070
099
159
014
074
134
028
177
128
170
107
100
120
174
041
137
173
105
161
096
111
108
136
010
024
025
023
018
2004 Proceedings of the Midwest Business Economics Association
0.54
0.82
3.36
1.89
4.08
2.23
0.52
0.86
1.65
1.89
0.95
2.34
4.22
2.94
0.82
1.73
4.42
2.34
2.23
1.55
2.03
3.99
2.13
0.54
3.55
0.52
0.64
0.74
1.22
1.65
0.86
0.71
3.36
0.57
0.74
1.33
1.89
1.89
1.22
1.33
0.60
5.06
4.22
4.15
4.14
4.42
160
183
234
212
260
219
157
185
205
212
187
221
248
230
183
207
266
221
219
203
214
245
217
160
236
157
169
179
194
205
185
175
234
163
179
197
212
212
194
197
166
277
248
254
257
266
048.1
055.0
069.9
063.2
076.7
063.9
045.8
053.8
059.4
061.4
053.8
060.5
067.7
060.3
047.7
053.9
069.3
057.4
056.8
052.6
055.2
063.0
055.0
040.4
059.3
038.5
041.1
043.2
046.5
048.8
043.7
040.8
053.5
037.2
040.5
044.0
047.1
045.7
041.6
042.2
035.5
058.0
051.6
052.4
052.9
054.7
0.301
0.301
0.299
0.298
0.295
0.292
0.292
0.291
0.290
0.290
0.288
0.274
0.273
0.262
0.261
0.261
0.260
0.260
0.259
0.259
0.258
0.257
0.254
0.252
0.251
0.245
0.243
0.242
0.240
0.238
0.236
0.233
0.229
0.228
0.226
0.223
0.222
0.215
0.214
0.214
0.214
0.209
0.208
0.206
0.206
0.206
114
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
Every Which Way
The Guns of Navarone
Men In Black
The Last Crusade
Some Like it Hot
Top Gun
Auntie Mame
Jaws 2
Earthquake
Patton
Crocodile Dundee
T2: Judgment Day
Kramer vs. Kramer
Officer and a Gentleman
The Dirty Dozen
Heaven Can Wait
Gremlins
El Cid
On Golden Pond
Operation Petticoat
The Lost World
You Only Live Twice
Rocky III
First Blood Part II
Three Men & a Baby
Dances with Wolves
Toy Story 2
Rain Man
The Fugitive
The Grinch
The Goodbye Girl
Superman II
Pretty Woman
9to5
Saving Private Ryan
Toy Story
Stir Crazy
Porky's
Fatal Attraction
Lost in New York
The Jerk
Shrek
Beverly Hills Cop II
Batman Forever
Armageddon
Roger Rabbit
1978
1961
1997
1989
1959
1986
1958
1978
1974
1970
1986
1991
1979
1982
1967
1978
1984
1961
1981
1959
1997
1967
1982
1985
1987
1990
1999
1988
1993
2000
1977
1981
1990
1980
1998
1995
1980
1981
1987
1992
1979
2001
1987
1995
1998
1988
105.9
028.9
250.7
197.2
025.0
176.8
023.3
102.9
079.7
062.5
174.8
204.8
106.3
129.8
045.3
098.8
148.2
026.6
119.2
023.3
229.1
043.1
122.8
150.4
167.8
184.2
245.8
172.8
183.9
260.0
083.7
108.2
178.4
103.3
216.3
191.8
101.3
105.5
156.6
173.6
090.5
263.5
153.7
184.0
201.6
156.5
079
124
015
034
176
044
133
084
101
104
046
029
078
068
114
090
059
127
073
132
022
117
071
058
050
037
016
048
038
150
098
076
042
083
026
035
088
080
054
047
094
013
056
153
032
055
2004 Proceedings of the Midwest Business Economics Association
2.34
0.78
4.59
3.99
0.71
3.71
0.68
2.34
1.89
1.55
3.71
4.21
2.47
2.94
1.22
2.34
3.36
0.78
2.78
0.71
4.59
1.22
2.94
3.55
3.91
4.22
5.06
4.11
4.14
5.39
2.23
2.78
4.22
2.69
4.69
4.35
2.69
2.78
3.91
4.15
2.47
5.65
3.91
4.35
4.69
4.11
221
181
269
245
175
239
172
221
212
203
239
251
223
230
194
221
234
181
228
175
269
194
230
236
241
248
277
243
257
281
219
228
248
226
273
263
226
228
241
254
223
284
241
263
273
243
045.3
037.1
054.6
049.4
035.2
047.7
034.3
044.0
042.2
040.3
047.1
048.6
043.0
044.1
037.1
042.2
044.1
034.1
042.9
032.8
049.9
035.3
041.8
042.4
042.9
043.6
048.6
042.0
044.4
048.2
037.5
038.9
042.3
038.4
046.1
044.1
037.7
037.9
040.1
041.8
036.6
046.6
039.3
042.3
043.0
038.1
0.205
0.205
0.203
0.202
0.201
0.199
0.199
0.199
0.199
0.199
0.197
0.194
0.193
0.192
0.191
0.191
0.188
0.188
0.188
0.188
0.186
0.182
0.182
0.180
0.178
0.176
0.175
0.173
0.173
0.172
0.171
0.171
0.170
0.170
0.169
0.168
0.167
0.166
0.166
0.165
0.164
0.164
0.163
0.161
0.157
0.157
115
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
Platoon
Best Little Whorehouse
Cast Away
Mission: Impossible
Rocky IV
Lethal Weapon 2
Apollo 13
The Firm
Austin Powers 2
Liar, Liar
Something About Mary
Mission: Impossible 2
Air Force One
Rush Hour 2
The Mummy Returns
1986
1982
2000
1996
1985
1989
1995
1993
1999
1997
1997
2000
1997
2001
2001
138.5
105.1
233.6
181.0
127.9
147.3
172.1
158.3
206.0
181.4
176.5
215.4
173.0
206.0
201.8
063
081
021
154
069
060
049
053
151
039
045
027
155
152
031
2004 Proceedings of the Midwest Business Economics Association
3.71
2.94
5.39
4.42
3.55
3.99
4.35
4.14
5.06
4.59
4.59
5.39
4.59
5.65
5.65
239
230
281
266
236
245
263
257
277
269
269
281
269
284
284
037.3
035.7
043.3
041.0
036.0
036.9
039.6
038.2
040.7
039.5
038.5
040.0
037.7
036.5
035.7
0.156
0.155
0.154
0.154
0.153
0.151
0.150
0.149
0.147
0.147
0.143
0.142
0.140
0.128
0.126
116