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Date
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Workbook Activity
Chapter 21, Lesson 1
85
Scandals and More Scandals
Directions Write the answers to these questions. Use complete sentences.
1. Why did Mark Twain use the term “Gilded Age” as a label for the 1870s?
2. What feeling did reform leaders have about industrial leaders?
3. At first, how did Crédit Mobilier’s activities affect its stock?
4. What did William Belknap do that showed he was corrupt?
5. What happened in the Whisky Ring Scandal?
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Chapter 21, Lesson 1
85
Scandals of the Gilded Age
Directions Use the words in the Word Bank to complete the paragraphs.
Write each word on the correct line.
Word Bank
Congress
illegally
society
contracts
investigate
stock
Crédit Mobilier
overpaid
Union Pacific Railroad
federal government
President Grant
Whiskey Ring
Gilded Age
Representatives
William Belknap
Mark Twain called the 1870s the 1. __________________________. He thought
American 2. __________________________ was like a gilded piece of metal.
The story about the 3. __________________________ Scandal was first published
in a newspaper in 1872. It said officials of the 4. __________________________
made money 5. __________________________. The Union Pacific owned the
Crédit Mobilier Company. The Union Pacific gave 6. __________________________
to that company to lay railroad tracks. The Union Pacific got money from the
7. __________________________ to pay Crédit Mobilier. The Union Pacific
8. __________________________ Crédit Mobilier by $50 million. Because of
this, Crédit Mobilier 9. __________________________ became very valuable.
The head of Crédit Mobilier, Oakes Ames, gave stock to members of
10. __________________________. He didn’t want them to 11. __________________________
his company. Ames’s illegal plan was discovered, but he remained in the House
of 12. __________________________.
In another scandal, Secretary of War 13. __________________________ cheated
American Indians living on reservations. In the 14. __________________________
Scandal, members of the Treasury Department were paid off by whiskey companies.
Even 15. __________________________’s personal secretary was involved.
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Workbook Activity
Chapter 21, Lesson 2
86
Political Reforms Puzzle
Directions Read each clue. Then choose the correct word from the Word
Bank to complete the puzzle.
1
3
2
4
Word Bank
Arthur
5
boss
6
bribe
civil
7
8
Cleveland
corruption
9
fees
10
Garfield
Hayes
11
Nast
12
political
railroad
13
reforms
14
spoils
Tweed
Across
1. President Arthur had many ______ enemies
and was not nominated for re-election.
6. Newspapers criticized government ______.
7. The Interstate Commerce Act forced railroad
companies to charge fair ______.
9. Mugwumps and other groups wanted many
______.
10. A(n) ______ is a payment to make a person
act in a certain way.
12. Reformers worked to put President ______ in
office.
13. Boss ______ stole city money and was
convicted in 1873.
14. President ______ fired federal workers who
Down
2. Mugwumps wanted a(n) ______ service
system.
3. William Tweed was a powerful ______ in New
York City.
4. President ______ convinced Congress to pass
civil service laws.
5. The ______ system allowed friends of
politicians to get government jobs.
8. Charles Guiteau shot President ______
because he didn’t get a government job.
9. The ______ companies did not want the
government to regulate their business.
11. Thomas ______ drew political cartoons that
brought attention to corruption.
got paid without doing work.
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Chapter 21, Lesson 2
86
Civil Service Reforms
Directions Match the words in Column 1 with the details in Column 2.
Write the letter on the line.
Column 1
______ 1. Chester A. Arthur
______ 2. civil service system
______ 3. Rutherford B. Hayes
______ 4. James G. Blaine
______ 5. William Marcy Tweed
______ 6. James Garfield
Column 2
A system in which people are hired for government jobs
according to their qualifications
B president who convinced Congress to pass civil service
laws
C Republican reform group that wanted to replace the
spoils system
D president who was assassinated by a disappointed
office seeker
______ 7. Thomas Nast
E corrupt Democratic political organization that stole
______ 8. Grover Cleveland
______ 9. political boss
______ 10. bribe
______ 11. Mugwumps
______ 12. Benjamin Harrison
______ 13. Interstate Commerce Act
______ 14. spoils system
______ 15. Tammany Hall
city money
F president who investigated corruption and fired many
federal workers
G president who angered former supporters and the
railroad companies
H payment to make someone act in a certain way
I Republican candidate who wanted to appoint friends
to government jobs
J powerful New York City boss who was convicted for
political corruption
K political cartoonist who fought corruption and was
offered a bribe
L professional politician who controls the actions of a
political party
M president who held office in between President
Cleveland’s two terms
N system in which friends of politicians are given
government jobs
O federal law that forced railroad companies to charge
fair fees
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Workbook Activity
Chapter 21, Lesson 3
87
Labor Unions
Directions Use the words in the Word Bank to complete the paragraphs.
Write each word on the correct line.
Word Bank
all
Knights of Labor
strikes
Chicago
membership
strikebreakers
demands
peaceful bargaining
Terrence Powderly
eight-hour
Samuel Gompers
Uriah Stevens
Haymarket Square
secret
workers
In 1869, 1. ___________________________ organized the Noble Order of the
Knights of Labor. This union was small. It was also a 2. ___________________________
organization. Ten years later, a new leader named 3. ___________________________
changed the union. The union accepted 4. ___________________________ workers,
including women and blacks. Its membership grew rapidly.
In 1886, the American Federation of Labor was formed. Its leader was
5. ___________________________. This new union organized many different
groups of skilled 6. ___________________________ into one powerful union.
The AFL favored 7. ___________________________, while the Knights of Labor
favored 8. ___________________________ and boycotts.
To strike a company, union workers refused to work until their 9. ___________________________
were met. Companies sometimes hired new workers to replace the strikers. These
nonunion workers were called 10. ___________________________. Sometimes
violence would occur when strikebreakers tried to take the jobs of union workers.
One instance of violence occurred at 11. ___________________________ in the
city of 12. ___________________________. Workers were on strike to gain a(n)
13. ___________________________ workday. At a protest meeting, a bomb was
thrown. Several people were killed. Many people blamed the 14. ___________________________
for this. As a result, the union’s 15. ___________________________ steadily declined.
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Chapter 21, Lesson 3
87
The Growth of Unions
Directions Write the answers to these questions. Use complete sentences.
1. What was the Knights of Labor like when Uriah Stevens founded it?
2. What happened to the Knights of Labor after Terrence Powderly became its leader?
3. What union did Samuel Gompers lead?
4. What type of workers did the AFL want to represent?
5. How was the AFL organized?
6. Why was the AFL considered more conservative than the Knights of Labor?
7. What is a strike?
8. What problem did strikers have with strikebreakers?
9. What condition did Chicago strikers want to improve in May 1886?
10. What happened at Haymarket Square to destroy the Knights of Labor?
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Workbook Activity
Chapter 21, Lesson 4
88
The Populist Party
Directions Each detail in the Answer Bank was believed to help either big
business or the average American in the 1880s. Write each
detail under the correct heading below.
Answer Bank
• farm alliances
• Populist Party
• gold standard
• publicly owned railroads
• graduated income tax
• Sherman Antitrust Act
• Grover Cleveland
• silver coins
• higher crop prices
• trust companies
• Interstate Commerce Commission
• William Jennings Bryan
• James Weaver
• William McKinley
• limited money supply
Big Business
Average American
1. ___________________________________
6. ___________________________________
2. ___________________________________
7. ___________________________________
3. ___________________________________
8. ___________________________________
4. ___________________________________
9. ___________________________________
5. ___________________________________
10. ___________________________________
11. ___________________________________
12. ___________________________________
13. ___________________________________
14. ___________________________________
15. ___________________________________
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Chapter 21, Lesson 4
88
The Popular Populists
Directions Read each clue. Choose a word from the Word Bank to
complete the puzzle. Then write the answer from the box.
___
___1. ___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___2. ___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
3. ___
___
___
___
___
___
___4. ___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_
___5. ___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___6. ___
___
___
___
___
___
___ __
___
___
___
___7. ___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___8. ___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___9. ___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
10. ___
___
___
___
___
___ __
___
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___ ___
1. One idea of the Populist Party was to have a graduated _______ tax.
2. _______ had different goals than Democrats or Republicans.
3. Populists wanted more _______ available.
Word Bank
Bryan
companies
income
McKinley
4. Congress tried to control the largest _______ in America.
5. _______ won the 1896 presidential election, although he didn’t travel
much during the campaign.
6. Reformers worried that _______ companies were taking away
competition and charging higher prices.
money
Populists
prosecute
senators
silver
trust
7. The Populist Party wanted _______ to be elected directly by the people.
8. Populists wanted to use _______ coins and did not support the gold standard.
9. The Sherman Antitrust Act was supposed to _______ monopolies, not unions.
10. _______ was the Democratic and Populist candidate for president in 1896.
What word do the letters in the box spell? ______________________________
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