George W.
James Clark
Wickersham McReynolds
1909-1913
3/5/13-8/29/14
Thomas Watt
Gregory
1914-1919
A. Mitchell
Palmer
1919-1921
Calvin
Coolidge (R)
8/3/23-3/3/29
Harry M.
Harlan
Daugherty Fiske Stone
3/4/21-3/28/24 1924-1925
John T.
Sargent
1925-1929
Herbert
Hoover (R)
3/4/29-3/4/33
R
TU
UI
Q
DE P
AR
Warren G.
Harding (R)
3/4/21-8/2/23
ICE
Judson
Philander
William H.
Charles J.
Richard
Joseph
John W.
Harmon McKenna Griggs
Chase Knox
Moody
Bonaparte
Olney
1893-1895 6/8/95-3/5/97 1897-1898 1898-1901 4/5/01-6/30/04 7/1/04-12/17/06 12/17/06-3/4/09
Woodrow
Wilson (D)
3/4/13-3/3/21
MIN
A J U S T I TI A
SE
Franklin
D. Roosevelt (D)
3/4/33-4/12/45
William D.
Mitchell
1929-1933
Homer S.
Cummings
3/4/33-1/2/39
Frank
Murphy
1/2/39-1/4/40
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
William A.
Milton D.
Wade H.
William S.
Jas. A.
George C.
Charles B.
Frank K.
Guy
Augustus
William J.
John Lord
Harold M.
John
Robert H.
Thurman
Day
Purdy
Ellis
Kenyon
Fowler
Todd
Ames
Nebeker
Goff
Seymour
Donovan
O’Brian
Stephens
Dickinson
Jackson
Arnold
3/17/03-7/27/05 7/28/05-7/6/08 11/6/08-3/1/10 4/13/10-4/23/11 5/15/11-7/31/13 8/6/13-5/31/19 6/1/19-3/31/20 11/20/20-3/17/21 4/26/21-11/9/22 11/10/22-3/22/25 3/23/25-3/2/29 6/3/29-12/20/32 6/14/33-6/30/35 7/1/35-12/31/36 1/21/37-3/1/38 3/7/38-3/16/43
ASSISTANT to the
ATTORNEY GENERAL
1
1890
KEY CASES
AND EVENTS
William
Howard Taft (R)
3/4/09-3/3/13
ST
Theodore
Roosevelt (R)
9/14/01-3/3/09
DO
ICE
William
McKinley (R)
3/4/97 - 9/14/01
RO
William Henry
Harrison Miller
1889-1893
Grover
Cleveland (D)
3/4/93 - 3/3/97
IP
ATTORNEY
GENERAL
Benjamin
Harrison (R)
3/4/89 - 3/3/93
QU
PRESIDENT
DEPARTMENT
EPARTMENT OF
OF J
JUSTICE
USTICE
D
ST
AT THE
THE
AT
ENT OF JU
TM
ENT OF JU
M
T
DE P
AR
Timeline
imeline Of
Of
ANTITRUST
NTITRUST ENFORCEMENT
NFORCEMENT HIGHLIGHTS
IGHLIGHTS
7/2/90 – Sherman Act enacted
1890-1904 – On average, less than 2 cases filed per year;
antitrust enforcement not specifically funded
2
3
1900
3/10/02 – U.S. v. Northern Securities Co. filed; 4/9/03 trial
court decision; decided 3/14/04 by Sup. Ct., 193 U.S. 197
(Attorney General Knox argued for the U.S. against, inter
alia, his predecessor as Attorney General, John Griggs)
4
5
6
1910
10/27/11 – U.S. v. U.S. Steel complaint filed; decided
3/1/20 by Sup. Ct., 251 U.S. 417 (“the law does not make
mere size an offense”)
1/6/92 – U.S. v. Trans-Missouri Freight Assn petition filed;
decided 3/22/97 by Sup. Ct., 166 U.S. 290 (first Sup. Ct.
decision to find a Sherman Act violation)
5/10/02 – U.S. v. Swift & Co. (Beef Trust) filed; decided
1/30/05 by Sup. Ct., 196 U.S. 375 (Attorney General Moody
argued 1/6/05 and 1/9/05 for the U.S.)
2/11/13 – U.S. v. Board of Trade of Chicago complaint
filed; decided 3/14/18 by Sup. Ct., 246 U.S. 231 (Assistant
to the Attorney General George Carroll Todd argued for
the U.S.)
3/4/92 – U.S. v. E.C. Knight Co. petition filed (Sugar
Trust); decided 1/21/95 by Sup. Ct., 156 U.S. 1
6/12/02 – U.S. v. Reading Co. petition filed; decided
12/16/12 by Sup. Ct., 226 U.S. 324
1/20/14 – President Wilson announced antitrust initiative
to Congress
1/8/96 – U.S. v. Joint Traffic Assn petition filed; decided
10/24/98 by Sup. Ct., 171 U.S. 505
2/11/03 – Expediting Act passed
12/10/96 – U.S. v. Addyston Pipe & Steel Co. complaint
filed; decided 2/8/98 by 6th Cir., 85 F. 271; decided 12/4/99
by Sup. Ct., 175 U.S. 211
2/25/03, 3/3/03 – First appropriation ($500,000 with no
strings) for antitrust enforcement authorizing an Assistant
to the Attorney General and additional employees
1/13/04 – Attorney General Knox letter to Congress on
how monies in $500,000 appropriation in 1903 had been
expended; six employees hired full time under appropriation
12/1/05 – Petition filed in U. S. v. Terminal R. R. Ass'n of
St. Louis; decided 4/22/12 by Sup. Ct., 224 U.S. 383
11/15/06 – Standard Oil complaint filed; decided 5/15/11
by Sup. Ct., 221 U.S. 1 (Attorney General Wickersham
argued in early 1909, and reargued in 1/11 for the U.S.)
7/10/07 – U.S. v. Am. Tobacco Co. petition filed; 12/15/08
trial court decision; decided 5/29/11 by Sup. Ct., 221 U.S.
106 (Attorney General Wickersham argued in early 1909,
and reargued in 1/11 for the U.S.)
9/26/14 – Federal Trade Commission Act enacted
10/15/14 – Clayton Act enacted
1914-23 – On average, 18 attorneys and 11 filings
per year
12/8/19 – Annual Report of the Attorney General included
a report on The Antitrust Division by Assistant to the
Attorney General C. B. Ames (may be the earliest use of
the term within official DOJ documents)
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
1920
1930
2/27/20 – Petition filed in U.S. v. Swift & Co., along
with consent decree that withstood several attempts to
vacate or modify it, decided by Sup. Ct., 276 U.S. 311
(1928), and 286 U.S. 106 (1932); 189 F. Supp. 885
(ND Ill. 1960), aff'd 367 U.S. 909 (1961); U.S. consented
to modifications in 1971, 1975 and 1980, (see 1980
WL 2017 (N.D.Ill. 1980), 1983-1 Trade Cases P 65,250)
6/29/32 – U.S. v. Appalachian Coals case petition filed;
decided 3/13/33 by Sup. Ct., 288 U.S. 344
8/8/22 – Indictment returned in U.S. v. Trenton Potteries
Co; decided 2/21/27 by Sup. Ct, 273 U.S. 392 (Assistant
to the Attorney General William Donovan argued for
U.S.)
1933 – 15 attorneys in Antitrust Division at start of FDR
Administration
6/10/33 – Senate confirmed Stephens as first Assistant
Attorney General for Antitrust Division
6/14/33 – Stephens started as Assistant Attorney General
for Antitrust Division
12/36 – Indictment in U.S. v. Socony-Vacuum Oil Co.
returned; decided 5/6/40 by Sup. Ct., 310 U.S. 150
(Assistant Attorney General Thurman Arnold argued
for U.S.)
4/23/37 – U.S. v. Aluminum Co. of America complaint
filed; decided 3/12/45 by 2d Cir., 148 F.2d 416 (Judge
Learned Hand opinion)
1938 – Economists added to staff
12/20/38 – Indictment returned in U.S. v. Am. Medical
Assn; decided 1/18/43 by Sup. Ct., 317 U.S. 519 (1943)
(Assistant Attorney General Thurman Arnold argued
for U.S.)
12/11/39 – U.S. v. Hartford-Empire complaint filed;
decided 1/8/45 by Sup. Ct., 323 U.S. 386
John F.
Herbert
Sonnett
Bergson
5/1/47-5/14/48 6/16/48-9/30/50
1940
KEY CASES
AND EVENTS
7/24/40 – U.S. v. Am. Tobacco Co.,
information filed; decided 6/10/46 by Sup.
Ct., 328 U.S. 824 (Assistant Attorney
General Wendell Berge argued for U.S.)
1941 – Murals installed in Main DOJ
library, including:
a. “Competition and Monopoly shows
men in a tug-of-war. In the background
two steers are fighting, while in the
foreground, a figure stifles his
competitors.”
b. “Red Tape is a huge spider web with a
skull. The clock suggests the passage of
time. The people caught in the web are
being released by Justice Holmes as Don
Quixote.”
James P.
McGranery
4/8/52-1/20/53
Hugh G.
Morison
1/7/51-6/30/52
Stanley
Barnes
5/1/53-7/3/56
Herbert
Brownell
1/21/53-11/8/57
Victor
Hansen
7/13/56-4/20/59
1950
12/29/50 – Celler-Kefauver Act enacted to
amend Clayton Act
3/10/58 – Northern Pac. Ry. Co. v. U.S. decided,
356 U.S. 1
7/26/45 – U.S. v. Int’l Salt Co. complaint filed;
decided 11/10/47 by Sup. Ct., 332 U.S. 392
3/31/55 – Report of the Attorney General’s
National Committee to Study the Antitrust
Laws
6/30/58 – Complaint filed in U. S. v. Arnold,
Schwinn & Co.; decided 6/12/67 by Sup. Ct.,
388 U.S. 365 (Richard Posner argued for U.S.)
12/13/47 – Complaint in U.S. v. E.I. DuPont
de Nemours & Co. filed; decided 6/11/56 by
Sup. Ct., 351 U.S. 377
7/7/55 – Sherman Act amended to increase
maximum fine from $5,000 to $50,000
12/15/47 – Complaint in U.S. v. United Shoe
Machinery Corp. filed; decided 2/18/53 in110
F. Supp. 295 (D. Mass. 1953), affirmed per
curiam, 347 U.S. 521 (1954)
11/28/55 – Complaint filed in Brown Shoe
Co. v. U.S.; decided 6/25/62 in Sup. Ct., 370
U.S. 294 (first case to reach Sup. Ct. after
Clayton Act amended by Celler-Kefauver)
10/1/59 – Complaint filed in U.S. v. Pabst
Brewing Co.; decided 6/13/66 by Sup. Ct., 384
U.S. 546 (argued 4/27/66 for U.S. by Assistant
Attorney General Edwin Zimmerman)
6/13/49 – Standard Oil Co. of California v.
United States, 337 U.S. 293 (Assistant Attorney
General Herbert Bergson argued for U.S.)
Lyndon B.
Johnson (D)
11/22/63-1/20/69
Robert F.
Kennedy
1961-1964
Robert A.
Lee
Bicks
Loevinger
7/15/60-1/19/61 3/16/61-6/10/63
Nicholas deB.
Katzenbach
1965-1966
William H.
Orrick, Jr.
6/19/63-6/18/65
Donald F.
Turner
6/1/65-6/1/68
R
TU
UI
Q
MIN
A J U S T I TI A
SE
Richard M.
Nixon (R)
1/20/69-8/9/74
Ramsey
Clark
1967-1969
John N.
Mitchell
1969-1972
Edwin M.
Zimmerman
6/2/68-1/19/69
Richard W.
McLaren
1/21/69-2/2/72
1960
1/4/43 – Parker v. Brown decided, 317 U.S.
341 (1943), (U.S. was amicus curiae)
6/30/48 – Antitrust Division and FTC (Chair
was Robert Freer) signed a half-page
memorandum establishing a formal liaison
agreement
DE P
AR
William
P. Rogers
1957-1961
ICE
Wendell
Berge
1943-4/30/47
James H.
McGrath
8/24/49-4/7/52
ST
Thomas C.
Clark
3/15/43-8/28/43
Tom
Clark
7/1/45-8/24/49
DO
ICE
Thurman
Arnold
3/7/38-3/16/43
Francis
Biddle
7/12/41-6/30/45
John F.
Kennedy (D)
1/20/61-11/22/63
RO
ASSISTANT
ATTORNEY
GENERAL
Robert H.
Frank
Jackson
Murphy
1/2/39-1/4/40 1/18/40-7/11/41
Dwight D.
Eisenhower (R)
1/20/53-1/20/61
IP
ATTORNEY
GENERAL
Harry S.
Truman (D)
4/12/45-1/20/53
QU
Franklin D.
Roosevelt (D)
3/4/33-4/12/45
PRESIDENT
DEPARTMENT
EPARTMENT OF
OF J
JUSTICE
USTICE
D
ST
AT THE
THE
AT
ENT OF JU
TM
ENT OF JU
M
T
DE P
AR
Timeline
imeline Of
Of
ANTITRUST
NTITRUST ENFORCEMENT
NFORCEMENT HIGHLIGHTS
IGHLIGHTS
3/25/60 – Complaint filed in U. S. v. Von’s
Grocery; decided 5/31/66 by Sup. Ct., 384
U.S. 270 (Richard A. Posner argued 3/22/66
for U.S.) (Justice Stewart’s dissent: “The sole
consistency that I can find is that in litigation
under § 7, the Government always wins”)
1961 – Electrical Equipment cases (maximum
jail sentence imposed was 30 days)
1/6/61 – Complaint filed (amended 8/8/61) in
U.S. v. Penn-Olin Chemical Co.; decided
6/22/64 by Sup. Ct., 378 U.S. 158 (Solicitor
General Archibald Cox for appellant)
2/25/61 – Complaint filed in U.S. v. Phila. Nat’l
Bank; decided 6/1/63 by Sup. Ct., 374 U.S.
321 (Assistant Attorney General Lee Loevinger
argued for U.S.)
4/13/61 – Complaint filed in U.S. v. Grinnell
Corp.; decided 6/13/66 by Sup. Ct., 384 U.S.
563
1961-62 – U.S. intervenes in ICC hearings in
U.S. v. ICC (Northern Lines merger); decided
2/2/70 by Sup. Ct., 396 U.S. 491 (Assistant
Attorney General Richard McLaren argued
10/21/69 for U.S.)
8/30/62 – Complaint in U.S. v. General Motors
Corp. filed; decided 4/28/66 in Sup. Ct., 384
U.S. 127
9/19/62 – Antitrust Civil Process Act enacted
10/14/63 – Complaint filed in U.S. v. Container
Corp of America; decided 1/14/69 by Sup. Ct.,
393 U.S. 333 (Assistant Attorney General Edwin
Zimmerman argued 11/18/68 for U.S.)
7/13/65 – Complaint filed in U.S. v. Falstaff
Brewing Corp.; decided 2/28/73 by Sup. Ct.,
410 U.S. 526 (1973) (Assistant Attorney General
Thomas Kauper argued 10/17/72 for U.S.)
10/6/66 – Indictments returned in U. S. v. Am.
Radiator & Std Sanitary Corp. (plumbing
fixtures case) resulting in jail sentences of 60
and 50 days upheld on appeal, 433 F.2d 174
(3rd Cir. 1970), and on remand, 1971 WL 530,
1971 Trade Cases P 73,579
8/11/67 – FTC v. Procter & Gamble (the Clorox
case), 386 U.S. 568, decided (Solicitor General
Thurgood Marshall argued 2/13/67 for FTC)
9/22/67 – Complaint in U. S. v. General
Dynamics Corp. filed; decided 3/19/74 by Sup.
Ct., 415 U.S. 486
1/15/68 – Complaint filed in U.S. v. Topco
Associates, Inc.; decided 3/29/72 by Sup. Ct.,
405 U.S. 596
5/30/68 – Original Merger Guidelines issued
7/14/69 – U.S. v. Otter Tail Power Co. complaint
filed; decided 2/22/73 by Sup. Ct., 410 U.S. 366
Walker B.
Comegys
2/3/72-6/30/72
Thomas
Kauper
7/1/72-8/1/76
Donald
Baker
8/2/76-5/6/77
7/24/70 – Newspaper Preservation Act enacted
12/5/72 – Complaint filed in Nat’l Socy of Prof.
Engineers v. U.S.; decided 4/25/78 by Sup. Ct.,
435 U.S. 679 (1978)
6/26/75 – Gordon v. NYSE decided, 422
U.S. 659 (U.S. filed brief and argued as
amicus curiae)
4/16/73 – Complaint filed (amended 2/26/76)
in U. S. v. National Broiler Marketing Ass'n;
decided 6/12/78 in 436 U.S. 816 (Assistant
Attorney General Shenefield argued for U.S.
against Richard Posner)
9/30/76 – Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust
Improvements Act, including Tunney Act,
enacted
7/24/73 – Creation of ATD Economic Policy
Office (George Hay was first director)
6/9/77 – Illinois Brick Co. v. Illinois
decided, 431 U.S. 720 (Assistant Attorney
General Donald Baker argued for U.S.
as amicus)
12/21/74 – Antitrust Procedures and Penalties
Act enacted (amending Sherman Act to make
violations of it a felony – maximum 3 years in
jail – and increasing maximum corporate fine
to $1 million; amended Expediting Act of 1903)
Richard
Thornburgh
1988-1991
1980
10/22/71 – Complaint filed in U.S. v. Marine
Bancorporation, Inc.; decided 6/26/74 by Sup.
Ct., 418 U.S. 602
11/20/74 – U.S. v. AT & T complaint filed;
settled by consent decree 1/8/82 requiring
divestiture
Ed
Meese
1985-1988
John
Sanford
William
J. Paul
Douglas
Charles
Shenefield
Litvack
Baxter
McGrath
Ginsburg
Rule
5/19/77-2/21/80 2/22/80-3/1/81 3/30/81-12/16/83 12/16/83-4/1/85 9/1/85-11/10/86 7/20/87-4/28/89
1/16/75 – Goldfarb v. Va. State Bar decided,
421 U.S. 723 (1975) (Solicitor General
Robert Bork argued for U.S. as amicus
curiae)
11/27/73 – Indictment returned in U.S. Gypsum
Co.; decided 6/29/78 by Sup. Ct., 438 U.S. 422
(first case to reach Sup. Ct. after violations of
the Sherman Act were made a felony)
William F.
Smith
1981-1985
1/26/77 – Antitrust Division issued Antitrust
Guide for International Operations
1978-79 – National Commn to Review
Antitrust Laws and Procedures held
hearings and issued 1/22/79 report to the
President and Attorney General
10/78 – Original Corporate Leniency Policy
announced
2/2/79 – Catalano, Inc. v. Target Sales,
Inc. decided, 446 U.S. 643 (U.S. filed brief
as amicus curiae)
4/17/79 – ASCAP v. CBS decided, 441 U.S.
1 (1979) (U.S. was amicus curiae)
1980 – Antitrust Guide Concerning
Research Joint Ventures was issued
In FY 80 (ending 9/30/80) – 55 criminal
cases were brought, largest since WW
II, with average jail sentence of more
than 3 months
1/8/82 – Settlement of U.S. v. AT&T
announced
6/14/82 – New Merger Guidelines issued
6/18/82 – Arizona v. Maricopa County
Medical Soc. decided, 457 U.S. 332
(1982) (U.S. was amicus curiae)
8/11/82 – U.S. v. Western Electric Co.
& AT&T Co., 552 F. Supp. 226 (DDC
1982) opinion issued finding settlement
of U.S. v. AT&T in the public interest
3/20/84 – Monsanto Co. v. Spray-Rite
Service Corp. (1984) decided (Assistant
Attorney General William Baxter argued
for the U.S. as amicus curiae in support
of petitioner)
James
Rill
6/22/89-5/18/92
Anne
Bingaman
6/17/93-10/18/96
10/11/84 – Joint Research and
Development Act of 1984 enacted
3/26/86 – Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co.,
Ltd. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574
decided (Deputy Assistant Attorney
General Charles Rule argued for U.S. as
amicus curiae)
12/9/86 – Cargill v. Monfort of Colo.,
Inc. decided, 479 U.S. 104 (U.S. was
amicus curiae)
11/10/88 – Antitrust Division releases
revised Antitrust Enforcement Guidelines
for International Operations
2/23/89 – Complaint filed in U.S. v.
Rockford Memorial Corp.; decided 4/3/90
by 7th Cir. (Posner, J.), 898 F.2d 1278
11/16/90 – Sherman Act maximum
corporate fine increased to
$10 million
4/2/92 – Horizontal Merger Guidelines
issued by the DOJ and the FTC
6/8/92 – Eastman Kodak Co. v. Image
Technical Services, Inc. decided, 504 U.S.
451 (Assistant Attorney General James
Rill argued for U.S. as amicus curiae)
8/10/93 – Corporate Leniency Policy
amended
11/16/93 – Complaint filed in U.S. v.
General Motors and ZF Friedrichshafen,
AG (medium/heavy duty automatic
transmission business-innovation market
case); transaction abandoned 11/18/93
8/10/94 – Individual Amnesty Policy
announced
4/5/95 – Antitrust Enforcement Guidelines
for International Operations issued by the
DOJ and the FTC
4/6/95 – Antitrust Guidelines for the
Licensing of Intellectual Property issued
by the DOJ and the FTC
8/28/96 – Statements of Antitrust
Enforcement Policy in Health Care issued
by the DOJ and the FTC
R
TU
UI
MIN
A J U S T I TI A
William J.
Clinton (D)
1/20/93-1/20/01
George W.
Bush (R)
1/20/01-Present
Janet
Reno
1993-2001
John
Ashcroft
2001-Present
Joel
Klein
7/18/97-9/29/00
1990
6/84 – Revised Merger Guidelines issued
Q
DE P
AR
William
Barr
1991-1992
ICE
Richard W.
McLaren
1/21/69-2/2/72
Benjamin
Civiletti
1979-1981
George H.W.
Bush (R)
1/20/89-1/20/93
ST
John N. Richard G.
Elliott L.
Robert H. Bork William B.
Edward
Griffin
Mitchell Kleindienst
Richardson
Acting AG
Saxbe
Levi
Bell
1969-1972 1972-1973 5/25/73-10/20/73 10/20/73-1/4/74 1/4/74-2/1/75 2/1/75-1977 1977-1979
1970
KEY CASES
AND EVENTS
Ronald
Reagan (R)
1/20/81-1/20/89
DO
ICE
Jimmy
Carter (D)
1/20/77-1/20/81
RO
ASSISTANT
ATTORNEY
GENERAL
Gerald R.
Ford (R)
8/9/74-1/20/77
IP
ATTORNEY
GENERAL
Richard M.
Nixon (R)
1/20/69-8/9/74
QU
PRESIDENT
DEPARTMENT
EPARTMENT OF
OF J
JUSTICE
USTICE
D
ST
AT THE
THE
AT
ENT OF JU
TM
ENT OF JU
M
T
DE P
AR
Timeline
imeline Of
Of
ANTITRUST
NTITRUST ENFORCEMENT
NFORCEMENT HIGHLIGHTS
IGHLIGHTS
SE
Charles A.
James
6/21/01-11/22/02
2000
10/15/96 – Information and plea in U.S. v.
Archer Daniels Midland resulting in the
largest antitrust fine imposed to that date
($100 million)
4/8/97 – Revised Horizontal Merger
Guidelines issued by the DOJ and the FTC
3/23/98 – Complaint filed in U.S. v.
Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman
Corp. (military products and services; single
largest proposed merger ever challenged);
transaction abandoned 7/16/98
5/18/98 – Complaint in U.S. v. Microsoft
filed; decided 6/28/01 by DC Cir., 253 F3d
34, cert. denied 534 U.S. 952 (2001)
10/7/98 – Complaint in U.S. v. Visa U.S.A.
Inc. filed; decided 9/17/03 by 2d Cir., 344
F.3d 229
5/20/99 – Information filed in U.S. v.
F. Hoffmann-LaRoche and U.S. v. BASF
AG (international vitamins cartel), with
pleas and largest ever criminal fine ($500
million) imposed under any federal
proceeding under any statute and the second
largest antitrust fine ($250 million)
7/8/99 – Complaint in U.S. v. Cargill
and Continental Grain (monopsony in
agriculture) filed with proposed decree;
U.S. responses to public comment filed
3/24/00; final judgment entered 6/30/00
1/19/00 – Indictment returned in U.S. v. Mitsubishi
(international graphite electrode cartel); after trial
and 2/01 conviction, $134 million sentence
imposed; largest fine resulting from antitrust trial
6/27/00 – Complaint filed in U.S. v. Worldcom,
Inc. and Sprint Corp. (telecommunications and
Internet services); transaction abandoned 7/13/00
10/01 – International Competition Network formed
11/2/01 – U.S. v. Microsoft settled; decree entered
after Tunney Act proceedings, 11/12/02; 2002 WL
31654530, 2002-2 Trade Cases P 73,860
10/31/02 – Complaint filed in U.S. v. Echostar
Communications and DirecTV Enterprises (pay
television service); transaction abandoned 12/10/02
In FY 03 (ending 9/30/03) – 41 criminal cases
were brought, $107 million in criminal fines were
obtained, and average jail sentence imposed was
21 months (a Division record)