Earth Science 11
Unit 6 Review – Oceanography
Name:___________
Work in partners to complete this assignment.
1. Match each term in Column A with its description in Column B.
____currents
a) water moves up and down every few seconds
____tides
b) water moves up and down twice a day
____Tsunamis
c) water moves in the same direction for a great distance
____waves
d) water is set in motion by earthquakes
____harbour waves
e) water set in motion following a landslide in a bay or inlet
2.
List the five major oceans recognized by geographers: __________________,
________________, _______________, ______________, ______________
Word list for questions 3 – 34 (Do the ones you know 1st, then look in text for others…)
70
heated
cores
fewer
phytoplankton
30
thermocline
ice age
chemical
zooplankton
35
decreases
guyots
polar creep
sonar
4
salinity
active
wave erosion
submarine canyons
300
Mediterranean
warm
diatom
sunlight
Sea
3
echo sonar
dredges
mixed layer
lead weight
100
carbon dioxide
cold
black smokers turbidity currents
thousand
steeper
trench
abyssal plain
3. Approximately ______ percent of the Earth is covered by water.
4. The average depth of the ocean is more than _____ times the average height of the land
above sea level.
5. ____________ is the ratio of the mass of salt in a water sample to the original mass of the
water.
6. The saltiness of seawater is measured in parts per ________________.
7. The average salinity of the ocean is ______ ‰.
8. Salinity is above average in regions of hot, dry climates such as those that occur at
latitudes about _______ degrees of the equator.
9. The _____________ composition of seawater is approximately the same in all oceans.
10. Common salt is mined from seawater cheaply because it only requires ______________ to
evaporate the water.
Matty 2014
Earth Science 11
Unit 6 Review – Oceanography
Name:___________
11. The ocean may be divided into ______ vertical temperature zones.
12. The ocean is _______________from the surface down by sunlight and most of the energy is
absorbed in the first few meters.
13. The _____________________________ has the warmest bottom at 12° C.
14. The surface layer is called the __________________ because wind and waves transfer heat
uniformly through this layer.
15. The surface layer varies in thickness from ________ meters at the equator to as deep as
_________ meters at other (mainly middle) latitudes.
16. Below the surface layer the water temperature changes relatively fast in a layer called the
____________________.
17. Very cold water from the polar regions moves slowly along the bottom to the deepest parts of the
ocean in a deep current called the _____________________.
18. In the surface layer, there is an important group of floating microscopic plants called
____________________________.
19. A common type of floating microscopic plant with a silica shell is called a ___________.
20. The microscopic plants are eaten by microscopic floating animals called ____________.
21. As the water depth increases, the oxygen supply __________, and __________ fish are found.
22. _____________________________ accumulates in the deep ocean waters because there is no
plants at great depths.
23. Hot springs have been found on the ocean floor of the Pacific Ocean are known as
_____________________________.
24. The H.M.S. Challenger measured the ocean depths using a ________________ on a line, while
modern ships continuously measure the ocean depths using _______________.
25. Samples of the ocean floor are obtained using cylindrical sections by ___________ or they are
scooped up off the floor by ________________.
26. The continental slopes are cut by many gullies and valleys called ___________________ that
may have formed during the _________________ when the sea level was perhaps 100m lower
than today.
27. Some geologists think that the gullies and valleys on the continental slope may have
formed when landslides of mud and sand called __________________________ rushed
at hi speed down the slopes.
Matty 2014
Earth Science 11
Unit 6 Review – Oceanography
Name:___________
28. Some seamounts that appear to have their tops sheared off are called ________________.
29. These flat toped seamounts became flat topped as a result of _____________________.
30. Another name for a precision depth recorder is ______________________.
31. Ocean currents that move away from the equator tend to be ____________ and currents
that move towards the equator tend to be ______________.
32. The Continental slope is __________________ than the Continental rise.
33. The flattest places on Earth are the __________________________.
34. Continental rises are not found on an _________________continental margin because the
deep-sea __________________ trap the sediments.
For each of the following terms, locate where it would be on the profile of the
seafloor, and next to each term, write the letter designating each location.
1) _____ continental shelf
7) ______ shoreline
2) _____ guyot
8) ______ continental slope
3) _____ seamount
9) ______ mid-ocean ridge
4) _____ continental rise
10) _____ trench
5) _____ submarine canyon
11) _____ rift valley
6) _____ abyssal plain
Matty 2014