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Siege of Vicksburg
Union – General Grant – 77,000 Union Soldiers
May 18-July 4, 1863
Confederates – General John Pemberton – 33,000 Confederate Soldiers
Vicksburg, Mississippi
Grant fights Pemberton and Pemberton retreats into the defenses of Vicksburg
Grant attacks but loses many men quickly so he stops attacking.
Grant surrounds Vicksburg and lays siege to the town.
The siege continued for 47 days before Pemberton surrendered.
The Union controlled THE ENTIRE MISSISSIPPI RIVER
Battle of Gettysburg
Union – General George Meade – 94,000 Union Troops
July 1-3, 1863
Confederates – General Lee – 71,000 Confederate Troops
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
After victory at Chancellorsville, Lee decided to invade the north again.
Goal = collect supplies from north, take fighting away from Virginia, threaten
northern cities, and weaken north’s appetite for war.
Lincoln appoints George Meade as leader of Union Army 3 days before the battle
Meade kept his army between Lee and Washington D.C.
Portions of the armies met at Gettysburg and fought during day 1.
Union army fell back to positions south of town – Cemetery Hill, Culps hill, Little
Round Top. Both armies reinforced overnight.
Day 2- Union defended a fishhook-shaped ridge against confederate attack all day
Union held strong all day. Fierce fighting at Devil’s Den and Little Round Top
Day 3- Confederates attacked center of Union Line at Cemetery Ridge.
Artillery fire decimate confederate troops. Huge losses for Confederates.
Lee retreats back into Virginia
HUGE Union victory!
Turning Point of the War
23,000 Union casualties – 28,000 Confederate casualites
Main Ideas/Central Questions
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Turning Point
Victory at Gettysburg is major victory for north
July 3-4, 1863
Siege at Vicksburg is major victory
North controls Mississippi River
Lee retreats into Virginia and suffers huge losses.
54th Massachusetts at Fort
All African American regiment from Massachusetts
Wagner
Led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, son of a Boston abolitionist
July 18, 1863
Every officer was white, while all of the soldiers were African American
Union was trying to capture Charleston, S.C.
Fort Wagner protected the entrance to the harbor at Charleston.
The fort had to be taken in order to invade Charleston.
Shaw and the 54th led the attack on Fort Wagner on July 18, 1863
The attack on the fort ultimately failed.
Robert Gould Shaw led his men into battle, and was killed in the fight
256 members of the 54th Massachusetts died in the battle.
We will watch the move “GLORY” about the 54th.
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