Chapter 9
The Confederation and the Constitution
1776-1790
American Pageant
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The Constitution, the Articles, and
Federalism: Crash Course US History
#8
Chapter 9
The Confederation and the
Constitution
1776-1790
Primary Source: soaps-document-analysis.doc
Soap both Federalist 10 and 54
http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=10&page=transcript
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PERIOD 3: 1754–1800
Key Concept 3.2: The American Revolution’s democratic and republican ideals inspired new experiments with different forms of government.
A) Enlightenment ideas and
C) During and after the
D) In response to women’s
E) The American Revolution and the
I. The ideals that inspired
philosophy inspired many
American Revolution, an
participation in the American
ideals set forth in the Declaration of
the revolutionary cause
American political thinkers
increased awareness of
Revolution, Enlightenment ideas,
Independence reverberated in
reflected new beliefs about
to emphasize
inequalities in society motivated
and women’s appeals for expanded
France, Haiti, and Latin America,
politics, religion, and
individual talent over
some individuals and groups to
roles, an ideal of “republican
inspiring future independence
society that had been
hereditary privilege, while
call for the abolition of slavery
motherhood” gained popularity. It
movements.
developing over the course
religion strengthened
and greater political democracy
called on women to teach republican
of the 18th century.
Americans’ view of
in the new state and national
values within the family and granted
themselves as a people
governments.
women a new
blessed with liberty.
importance in American political
B) The colonists’ belief in
culture.
the superiority of republican
forms of government based
on the natural
rights of the people found
expression in Thomas
Paine’s Common Sense and
the Declaration of
Independence. The ideas in
these documents resonated
throughout American
history, shaping
Americans’ understanding of
the ideals on which the
nation was based.
A) Many new state
C) Delegates from the states
D) The Constitutional Convention
E) In the debate over ratifying the
II. After declaring
constitutions placed power in participated in a Constitutional
compromised over the representation Constitution, Anti Federalists
independence, American
the hands of the legislative
Convention and through
of slave states in Congress and the
opposing ratification battled with
political leaders created
branch and maintained
negotiation,
role of the federal government in
Federalists, whose principles were
new constitutions and
property qualifications for
collaboration, and compromise
regulating both slavery and the slave articulated in the Federalist Papers
declarations
voting and citizenship.
proposed a constitution that
trade, allowing the prohibition of the (primarily written by Alexander
of rights that articulated
B) The Articles of
created a limited but dynamic
international slave trade after 1808.
Hamilton and James Madison).
the role of the state and
Confederation unified the
central
Federalists ensured the ratification
federal governments while
newly independent states,
government embodying
of the Constitution
protecting individual
creating a central
federalism and providing for a
by promising the addition of a Bill
liberties and limiting both
government with limited
separation of powers between its
of Rights that enumerated individual
centralized power and
power. After the Revolution, three branches.
rights and explicitly
excessive popular
difficulties over international
restricted the powers of the federal
influence.
trade,
government.
finances, interstate
commerce, foreign relations,
and internal unrest led to
calls for a stronger
central government.
Checklist of Learning Objectives
After mastering this chapter, you should be able to:
1.
Explain the broad movement toward social and political equality that flourished after the Revolution and indicate why certain social and racial inequalities remained in
place.
2.
Describe the government of the Articles of Confederation and summarize its achievements and failures.
3.
Explain the crucial role of Shays’s Rebellion in sparking the movement for a new Constitution.
4.
Describe the basic ideas and goals of the Founding Fathers in the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention and how they incorporated their fundamental principles into the
Constitution.
5.
Understand the central concerns that motivated the antifederalists, and indicate their social, economic, and political differences with the federalists.
6.
Describe the issues at stake in the political fight over ratification of the Constitution between federalists and antifederalists, and explain why the federalists won.
7.
Explain how the new government, set up by the Constitution, represented a conservative reaction to the American Revolution, yet at the same time, institutionalized the
Revolution’s central radical principles of popular government and individual liberty.
SHORT ANWSER
Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
1.
Abigail Adams
2.
Daniel Shays
3.
Alexander Hamilton
4.
James Madison
5.
Thomas Jefferson
Define and state the historical significance of the following:
6. primogeniture
7.
checks and balances
8.
sovereignty
9.
"mobocracy"
10. consent of the governed
11. republicanism
12. states' rights
13. popular sovereignty
14. confederation
15. anarchy
16. republican motherhood
17. loose confederation
18. civic virtue
19. nonimportation agreements
20. ratification
21. constitutional convention
Describe and state the historical significance of the following:
22. Society of the Cincinnati
23. "Great Compromise"
24. Articles of Confederation
25. Electoral College
26. Land Ordinance of 1785
27. "three-fifths compromise"
28. Northwest Ordinance of 1787
29. antifederalists
30. Shays's Rebellion
31. Federalists
32. "large-state plan"
33. Constitution of the United States
34. The Federalist
35. "bundle of compromises"
36. Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom
37. Continental Congress
Notes: Fill in Outline
Chapter 09 - The Confederation and the Constitution
I. The Pursuit of Equality
II. Constitution Making in the States
III. Economic Crosscurrents
IV. A Shaky Start Toward Union
V. Creating a Confederation
VI. The Articles of the Confederation: America’s First Constitution
VII. Landmarks in Land Laws
VIII. The World’s Ugly Duckling
IX. The Horrid Specter of Anarchy
X. A Convention of “Demigods”
XI. Patriots in Philadelphia
XII. Hammering Out a Bundle of Compromises
XIII. Safeguards for Conservatism
XIV. The Clash of Federalists and Anti-federalists
XV. The Great Debate in the States
XVI. The Four Laggard States
XVII. A Conservative Triumph
Applying What You Have Learned
8.
What changes in American society did the revolutionary American ideas of natural human rights, equality, and freedom from governmental tyranny bring about in the
years immediately following the successful American Revolution?
9.
Why did neither the Revolution nor the Constitution bring an end to the greatest contradiction of American Revolutionary principles—human slavery? Does the postRevolutionary abolition of slavery in the North but not the South show the strength of the Revolution’s proclamation of human rights, or demonstrate its weakness?
10.
What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? Were the social problems of the 1780s really due to the national government’s failings, or were
they simply the natural aftermath of the Revolutionary War and separation from Britain?
11.
What really motivated the leaders who called the Constitutional Convention and worked out the essential compromises in the Constitution?
12.
Who were the federalists and the antifederalists, what were the issues that divided them, and why did the federalists win?
13.
Should the Constitution be seen as a conservative reaction to the Revolution, an enshrinement of revolutionary principles, or both? What was most truly original about the
Constitution?
14.
In Chapters 4 and 5, the basic structure of early American society and economy was described. How was that structure changed by the political developments during the
period after the Revolution? How did the Constitution itself reflect American attitudes toward liberty, equality, power, and property (including slave property)?
15.
The greatest concession that federalist supporters of the Constitution made to antifederalist opponents was to promise to add a bill of rights as soon as the Constitution was
ratified. Should the antifederalists therefore be honored as founding fathers of American liberty? How would the Constitution have been viewed if the first ten
amendments (the Bill of Rights) had not been added?
16.
Americans have traditionally revered the Constitution, and viewed its writers as demigods. Does the historical account of the actual initiation, writing, and ratification of
the Constitution confirm or detract from that view. Why or why not?
Primary Source: soaps-document-analysis.doc
Soap both Federalist 10 and 54
http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=10&page=transcript
HIPP
Historic
al
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Intended
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