Uncle Sam Desired Our Presence: Arkansans in the Korean War Lesson/Unit Plan by Sara Thompson, A/V Archivist Butler Center for Arkansas Studies 2010‐2011 School Year The lesson/unit plan utilizes Uncle Sam Desired Our Presence: Arkansans in the Korean War by the Butler Center for Arkansas Studies, a one‐hour documentary created in May 2010. To view a trailer, go to http://www.butlercenter.org/koreanwarproject/documentary.html. The documentary can be purchased for $15 from the Butler Center for Arkansas Studies, Arkansas Korean War Project, 100 Rock Street, Little Rock, AR 72201. Add $2.00 for postage and handling. Documentary Order Form is attached at the end of the lesson plan. The documentary uses oral history interviews with Arkansas Korean War veterans along with photographs and letters collected for the Butler Center’s FORGOTTEN: The Arkansas Korean War Project. Additionally, maps and video footage from Korea during the conflict are used throughout the DVD. Students will study the background of the Cold War and how it led to the Korean War. They will also learn about the war’s impact on the lives of Arkansans. Goal of Lesson/Unit: Students will observe and reflect on the personal experiences of Arkansans as they study the Korean War. Grade Levels: 9h – 12th (May be adapted for middle‐school students) Introduction: Students will utilize classroom textbooks, online resources, and other materials in their study of the end of World War II, the beginning of the Cold War, and the Korean War. The teacher will utilize the documentary Uncle Sam Desired Our Presence: Arkansans in the Korean War, which is available from the Butler Center. (See Documentary Order Form at the end of the lesson plan.) Collaboration with the school library media specialist to identify and obtain appropriate resources from the school library media collection, the collections of other libraries, or appropriate online resources, including the EOA at www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net, is suggested. The school library media specialist may also provide assistance in obtaining oral history clips of Arkansas Korean War veterans who are not part of the documentary by utilizing the online database, which lists all Arkansas Korean War veterans who have been interviewed to date: http://www.butlercenter.org/koreanwarproject/veterans.html. The school library media specialist can also provide assistance in obtaining the Butler Center publication Homefront Arkansas: Arkansans Face Wartime, which contains a chapter relating to the Korean War. Procedures: The teacher will select from the suggested student learning expectations chosen to be used with his or her students; review the key terms; preview the documentary; review the classroom textbook about the end of World II, the Cold War, and the Korean War; obtain copies of the text or media entries from the Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture (EOA); and prepare handouts available at the end of the lesson plan. See Appendix A: Pre‐Documentary Viewing Worksheet/Classroom Discussion Guide; Appendix B: Documentary Viewing Worksheet/Advanced Project Guide; Appendix C: Post‐
Documentary Writing Prompts; and Appendix D: Writer’s Checklist and Rubric Explanations The teacher will direct the students to complete the appropriate reading, lead the class discussions before and after viewing the documentary, and utilize the worksheets and/or writing prompts selected by the teacher. Arkansas Curriculum Frameworks: Arkansas History Student Learning Expectations: WWP.9AH.7‐8.2 Describe the social and economic effects of World War II on Arkansans Social Studies Student Learning Expectations: H.6.6.24 Discuss the involvement of the United States in the Korean War C.5.7.12 Discuss the importance of the world organizations involved in citizens’ rights (e.g., League of Nations, United Nations, North Atlantic Treaty Organization—NATO) C.5.8.12 Analyze the world organizations involved in citizens’ rights
H.6.8.27 Examine the impact of the Cold War between the United States and the USSR H.6.8.41 Identify the functions of post‐WWII International Organizations (SEATO, NATO) H.6.8.42 Examine the causes and effects of the Korean War conflict
U.S. History Student Learning Expectations: CUS.19.AH.7 Investigate the role of the United States in global conflicts: • Korean Conflict • Vietnam Conflict • Operation Desert Shield/Storm Contemporary United States History Student Learning Expectations: CW.4.CH.1 Research sources of conflict and confrontation during the Cold War (e.g., atomic/hydrogen bomb, Korea, Vietnam, China, United Nations, Berlin, Afghanistan, Cuba, Truman Doctrine, U2 spy plane, division of Germany, espionage) GC.5.CH.1 Investigate the role of the United States in the United Nations World History Student Learning Expectations: CC.3.WH.7 Research the causes of the Cold War using available technology (e.g., ideological differences between the United States and the USSR) CC.4.WH.8 Examine the outcomes of World War II: • creation of United Nations •
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CC.4.WH.10 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) advances in technology creation of satellite nations Cold War Investigate the effects of the Cold War on the post‐World War II era (e.g., emerging superpowers, containment policies, space race, arms race) PG.9.WH.8 Examine the political theories of socialism, communism, and fascism PG.10.WH.3 Analyze the structure and purpose of the United Nations Library Media Student Learning Expectations: A.3.5.1 Practice organizational strategies to record and synthesize information A.3.9.1 Demonstrate organizational strategies, with guidance, to record and synthesize information Related Encyclopedia of Arkansas Entries: Text entry on Military History in Arkansas (Includes information on Korean War) http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry‐detail.aspx?search=1&entryID=393# Text Entry on World War II through the Faubus Era (1941–1967) http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry‐detail.aspx?search=1&entryID=404 Butler Center Online Resources: FORGOTTEN: The Korean War Project http://www.butlercenter.org/koreanwarproject/ Butler Center Publication: Homefront Arkansas: Arkansans Face Wartime Ordering information: http://www.butlercenter.org/publication/books/homefront/buy.html Secretary of State’s Arkansans at War Exhibit Opening: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtjbUoTyxfQ Key Terms: Communism McCarthyism Primary Source Secondary Source Key Terms Defined: Communism: Authoritarian socialism; economic and political system in which governments own the means of production and control economic planning McCarthyism A term describing a period of intense anti‐Communist suspicion in the United States that lasted roughly from the late 1940s to the late 1950s Primary Source: Original documents, manuscripts, or records Secondary Source: Artifact or record that is not original work but builds on a primary source Resources All student learning expectations are from Curriculum Frameworks from the Arkansas Department of Education website: www.arkansased.org Free professional development resource for educators: Teaching with Primary Sources Direct www.loc.gov/teachers/professionaldevelopment/tpsdirect The Taylor Foundation (Little Rock, Arkansas) makes Butler Center lesson plans possible. Contact the Butler Center for Arkansas Studies, Central Arkansas Library System 100 Rock Street, Little Rock, AR 72201 501‐320‐5700 www.butlercenter.org and www.cals.org Appendix A Pre‐Documentary Viewing Worksheet/Classroom Discussion Guide (Answers will vary based on how teachers use the questions.) Teachers will direct students on which questions to answer and on how to obtain the information. Suggested resources for learning about the end of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War include the textbook, online sources including Butler Center online collection about the Korean War http://www.butlercenter.org/koreanwarproject/index.html, the Encyclopedia of Arkansas (www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net), and materials and resources obtained in the school library. 1. What was the United States’ post–World War II policy in Asia, and what did it mean? 2. What was happening in the world and in Korea that caused the U.S. government to think it necessary to deploy troops? 3. How many American soldiers lost their lives in the Korean War? 4. Why was Korea divided into two countries after World War II? 5. What two super‐power countries occupied each section of Korea? 6. Who were the Korean leaders of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea? 7. When was the armistice signed? Appendix B Viewing Worksheet/Advanced Project Guide Uncle Sam Desired Our Presence is a term quoted in one of the oral history clips from FORGOTTEN: The Arkansas Korean War Project and is the title of the documentary. The teacher will instruct the students to use the following as a viewing worksheet or advanced project guide. The documentary is organized into eight segments. Students may simply use the worksheet to write down the names of the Arkansas Korean War veterans whose quotes they liked for each segment. For the advanced project, students could search the online collection and look for other Arkansas Korean War veterans who had comments that might be used in each segment. See the following link to find other interview clips http://www.butlercenter.org/koreanwarproject/index.html. Segment One: Introduction: The Conflict and Call to Duty Segment Two: Leaving Home Segment Three: Inchon/Pusan/Seoul Segment Four: Chosin/Withdrawal Segment Five: Camp Life Segment Six: Cost of War Segment Seven: Sounds of War Segment Eight: South Korean Civilians/Integration Segment Nine: Coming Home/Lasting Impressions Appendix C Post‐Documentary‐Viewing Writing Prompts Writing Prompt #1 During the Cold War era of the 1950s, U.S. citizens could join the military at the age of 18. Some joined the military right after their high school graduations; some lied about their ages and joined early. There were many soldiers who served in Korea who were around the same age as you and your classmates. Write about what you imagine the experience to be like when leaving home for the first time means going to a foreign country to fight in a war. Describe how you would have felt while learning to survive in a war zone with its extreme weather conditions such as the ones described in Uncle Sam Desired Our Presence. Writing Prompt #2 Truman and the Banning Letter http://www.trumanlibrary.org/banning.htm Use the above link to find the Banning letter to President Truman. Describe the Banning letter and also answer this question: Do you feel it was appropriate for Mr. Banning to send such a letter to the president of the United States? Explain your answer. Writing Prompt #3 The Korean War is often called the Forgotten War. It was not until 1995 that a national monument to honor Americans who served in the war (Korean War Veterans Memorial) was erected on the Mall in Washington DC. Why do you think it has been forgotten in history? Writing Prompt #4 Compare and contrast the Korean War and World War II (e.g., life in America, the return reception, the outcome of the war). Writing Prompt #5 Why do you think war in Korea broke out in 1950? What were the factors leading up to it? Writing Prompt #6 Explain how the Korean War ended. What is the relationship between North and South Korea today? Describe the current relationship between the United States and these two countries. Writing Prompt #7 Below is a list of facts and statistics shown at the beginning of the documentary: - 1.8 million Americans served in the Korean theater - An estimated 4 million Korean civilians were killed, wounded, or declared missing during three years of war - 36,940 Americans died as a result of the Korean War - 8,176 Americans were declared missing in action in Korea - The Korean War cost the United States $30 billion ($350 billion in today’s dollars) - The Korean War marked the beginning of the Cold War Pick two of these and write about why you believe they are the most significant, surprising, or compelling. Appendix D: Writer’s Checklist and Rubric Explanations Writer’s Checklist 1. Look at the ideas in your response. — Have you focused on one main idea? — Have you used enough details to explain yourself? — Have you put your thoughts in order? — Can others understand what you are saying? 2. Think about what you want others to know and feel after reading your paper. — Will others understand how you think or feel about an idea? — Will others feel angry, sad, happy, surprised, or some other way about your response? (Hint: Make your reader feel like you do about your paper’s subject.) — Do you have sentences of different lengths? (Hint: Be sure you have variety in sentence lengths.) — Are your sentences alike? (Hint: Use different kinds of sentences.) 3. Look at the words you have used. — Have you described things, places, and people the way they are? (Hint: Use enough detail.) — Are you the same person all the way through your paper? (Hint: Check your verbs and pronouns.) — Have you used the right words in the right places? 4. Look at your handwriting. — Can others read your handwriting with no trouble? Writer’s Rubric Guidelines Content (C) The Content domain includes the focusing, structuring, and elaborating that a writer does to construct an effective message for a reader. It is the creation of a product, the building of a composition intended to be read. The writer crafts his/her message for the reader by focusing on a central idea, providing elaboration of the central idea, and delivering the central idea and its elaboration in an organized text. Features are: • Central idea • Unity • Elaboration • Organization Style (S) The Style domain comprises those features that show the writer is purposefully shaping and controlling language to affect readers. This domain focuses on the vividness, specificity, and rhythm of the piece and the writer’s attitude and presence. Features are: • Selected vocabulary • Tone • Selected information • Voice • Sentence variety Sentence Formation (F) The Sentence Formation domain reflects the writer’s ability to form competent, appropriately mature sentences to express his/her thoughts. Features are: • Completeness • Embedding through standard subordination and modifiers • Absence of fused sentences • Standard word order • Expansion through standard coordination and modifiers Usage (U) The Usage domain comprises the writer’s use of word‐level features that cause written language to be acceptable and effective for standard discourse. Features are: • Standard inflections • Word meaning • Agreement • Conventions Mechanics (M) The Mechanics domain includes the system of symbols and cueing devices a writer uses to help readers make meaning. Features are: • Capitalization • Formatting • Punctuation • Spelling Scoring Scale Each domain is scored independently using the following scale: 4 = The writer demonstrates consistent, though not necessarily perfect, control* of almost all of the domain’s features. 3 = The writer demonstrates reasonable, but not consistent, control* of most of the domain’s features, indicating some weakness in the domain. 2 = The writer demonstrates inconsistent control* of several of the domain’s features, indicating significant weakness in the domain. 1 = The writer demonstrates little or no control* of most of the domain’s features. *Control: The ability to use a given feature of written language effectively at the appropriate grade level. A response receives a higher score to the extent that it demonstrates control of the features in each domain. Documentary Order Form Copies of Uncle Sam Desired Our Presence: Arkansans in the Korean War can be ordered for $15 each. All proceeds benefit FORGOTTEN: The Arkansas Korean War Project, an initiative of the Butler Center for Arkansas Studies. Name Address Telephone Email DVD Format Cost Widescreen or Standard # of Copies ($15 each) Postage* TOTAL * DVDs can be picked up in the research room at the Arkansas Studies Institute. If you would like your DVD to be mailed to you, please include $2 for postage. ___ I will be picking up my DVD. Please contact me when it is ready. ___ I would like my DVD to be mailed to the address above. Method of Payment: ___Cash ___Check (payable to Butler Center) ___Credit Card Credit Card Type: ___MasterCard ___Visa ___American Express Card Number: _________________________________ Expires: ___________ Mail order forms to: Butler Center for Arkansas Studies Arkansas Korean War Project 100 Rock Street Little Rock, AR 72201 Thank you for your order!