Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and
Ganga Rejuvenation
Flood Management Wing
STATUS OF FLOOD MANAGEMENT IN THE COUNTRY
JAL MANTHAN - 3
Floods
• Temporal & spatial distribution
of rainfall
• Drainage congestion
– Inadequate drainage capacity
– High tides, storm surges
• River erosion & Embankment
Overtopping/ breach
• Landslide Dams and Glacial
Lake Outburst Flood
• Trans-boundary river systems
– Ganga
– Brahmaputra & Barak
– Indus
2
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Floods
• Flood Prone Area: 40Mha
(RBA)
(12% of country’s area )
– Annually on an average about
2% of country’s area is affected.
– On an average about 2.5% of the
population is affected annually.
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Flood Prone area in India
• Rashtriya Barh Ayog (RBA)(1980) -assessed the total
flood prone area in the country as 40 mha.
• The XII Plan Working Group on Flood Management and
Region Specific Issues worked out the maximum of flood
affected area in any year in the country as 49.815 mha.
• As per an assessment, an area of around 20.00 mha has
been provided reasonable degree of protection against
floods through flood protection works.
• According to RBA, absolute protection to all flood prone
areas against all magnitude of floods is neither practically
possible nor economically viable.
2
Flood Damage Scenario in India : 1953 -2015
Item
Average
Maximum(Year)
Area Affected (Million Hectare)
7.021
17.50(1978)
Crop Area Affected (Million Hectare)
3.754
12.30(1988)
Population Affected (Million)
31.45
70.45(1978)
Human Lives Lost (Nos.)
1634
11316(1977)
94122
618248(1979)
Houses Damaged (Nos.)
1204992
3507542(1978)
Value of damage to crops (crore)
1342.54
7307.23(2003)
Value of damage to house (crore)
675.77
10809.79(2009)
Value of damage to public utilities (crore)
2170.95
17509.35(2009)
Value of damage to crops, houses & public
utilities (crore)
4267.23
32551.76(2009)
Cattle Lost (Nos.)
Flood Management – Statutory Provisions
The subject of flood control, unlike irrigation, does not figure
as such in any of the three legislative lists included in the
Constitution of India. However, drainage and embankments
are two of the measures specifically mentioned in Entry 17 of
List II (State List) as under:
“Water, that is to say, water supplies, irrigation and
drainage, drainage and embankments, water
storage and power subject to the provision of entry
56 (Union List).”
List-I (Union List) : Entry- 56 :
“Regulation and development of inter-State rivers and river
valleys
to the extent to which such regulation and
development under the control of the Union is declared by
Parliament by law to be expedient in the public interest.”
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Past Committees
Various Committees, Task Force, etc. in the past have reviewed the
flood problem and have suggested remedial measures.
•Policy Statement – 1954
•High Level Committee on Floods – 1957
•Policy Statement - 1958
•Ministerial Committee on Flood Control – 1964
•Minister’s Committee on Floods and Flood Relief – 1972
•Working Groups on Flood Control for Five-Year Plans.
•Ganga River Erosion Committee – 1978 (Pritam Singh Committee)
•Rashtriya Barh Ayog – 1980
•Regional Task Forces – 1996
•Report of the Committee on silting of rivers in India - 2002 (Dr B K
Mittal Committee)
•Report of the Experts Committee to Review the Implementation of
Recommendations of Rashtriya Barh Ayog - 2003 (R Rangachari
Committee)
•Committee for identification of critical anti-erosion schemes of Ganga
basin States for inclusion in CSS to be implemented during Tenth Plan
– 2003 (C B Vashishta Committee)
•Report of Technical Group on Flood and Erosion problems of North
Bengal – July, 2004 (M K Sharma Report)
•Task Force 2004 - to look into the problem of recurring floods in Assam
and neighbouring states as well as Bihar, West Bengal and eastern
Uttar Pradesh under the chairmanship of Chairman, Central Water
Commission.
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FLOOD MANAGEMENT MEASURES
 STRUCTURAL MEASURES:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Reservoirs
Detention basins
Embankments
Channelization of rivers
Channel improvement
Drainage improvement
Diversion of flood waters
Watershed Management
 NON-STRUCTURAL MEASURES
• Flood Forecasting and Warning
• Flood Plain zoning
• Flood Proofing
STRUCTURAL MEASURES
• Immediate measures - Include schemes for closure of
breaches, raised platforms, critical anti-erosion works etc.
• Short-term
measures
-Schemes
for
raising
and
strengthening of embankments, anti-erosion works, drainage
developments etc.
• Long-term measures - Creating storage reservoirs of
adequate capacity with the requisite allocated flood cushion.
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Flood Management Programme
Flood Management Programme
Scope :
• Critical works related to flood control, river
management, anti erosion, drainage development,
anti-sea erosion, restoration of damaged flood
control/management works, flood proofing, flood
prone area development and catchment area
treatment.
6
Funding Pattern under FMP
Category
Central
Share
State
Share
Special Category States
(NE States, Sikkim, HP, J&K and Uttrakhand)
90 %
10%
Non Special category States
75%
25%
For restoration of Damaged Works
90%
10%
Special Category States
(NE States, Sikkim, HP, J&K and Uttrakhand)
70%
30%
Non Special category States
50%
50%
Special Category States
(8 NE States and 3 Himalayan States)
80%
20%
Others
50%
50%
XI Plan
XII Plan
Modified for XII Plan (w .e .f. 28-10-2015)
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FMP Performance-XI and XII Plan
Details
During 11th Plan
During 12th Plan
Plan outlay
Rs 8000 crore
Rs 10000 Crore
Number of Projects
approved under FMP
420
102
Estimated cost
Rs 7857 Crore
Rs 5381 Crore
Approved Central
Share
Rs 6230 Crore
Rs 3713 crore
Central share
Released
Rs 3566 Crore
Rs. 1307 Crore
Projects completed
252
66
Area Protected
2.589 Lakh Ha
15.52 Lakh Ha
Population Benefitted
197.28 lakh
167.76 lakh
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FMP DURING XII PLAN
Sl.
No.
State
Schemes Included under FMP during XII
Plan
Nos.
Approved
Central Share
Central Share
Released
during XII Plan
1
Arunachal Pradesh
87.91
2
3
4
5
6
Assam
Bihar
Chattisgarh
Goa
Himachal Pradesh
41
4
0
0
4
1027.89
302.5
0
0
797.73
64.89
184.64
3.75
2.00
221.87
7
Jammu & Kashmir
15
393.73
169.95
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Jharkhand
Kerala
Manipur
Mizoram
Nagaland
Sikkim
Uttar Pradesh
Uttrankhand
West Bengal
0
0
0
0
6
17
3
10
1
0
0
0
0
52.16
182.97
208.43
372.59
329.21
4.27
55.22
24.36
1.93
54.17
8.15
111.22
153.98
158.75
102
3713.95
1307.07
Total
STATE WISE BENEFITS ACCRUED DURING XII PLAN
Sl.No
State
No. of projects
completed during
XII Plan till date
Area in (Lakh Ha)
Population benefited (In lakh)
1
Assam
2
Bihar
3
Goa
4
Gujrat
21
15
1
1
1.831
13.177
0.002
0.000
25.490
137.603
0.120
0.330
5
Himachal
Pradesh
1
0.050
0.300
6
Jharkhand
7
Nagaland
8
Mizoram
9
Manipur
10
Sikkim
11
Tripura
0.027
0.010
0.001
0.004
0.243
0.016
0.093
0.061
0.165
0.420
0.150
0.032
1.394
0.344
0.450
0.960
15.515
167.758
12
Uttarakhand
13
West Bengal
2
3
1
2
6
4
5
4
Total
66
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Administrative / Non-structural Measures
• Flood Forecasting & Warning
• Flood Plain Zoning
Flood Forecasting and Warning
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Flood Forecasting
•
Central Water Commission (Ministry of Water
Resources,
River
Development
&
Ganga
Rejuvenation) - Flood Forecasting Activities
•
Activities based on hydro-meteorological data from
its network, reservoir release data received from
project authorities, Rainfall forecast from Indian
Meteorological Department
Associated Ministries / Institutions
 Ministry of Earth Sciences (India Meteorological Department)
 Weather monitoring & Forecast
 Department of Space (National Remote Sensing Centre )
 Satellite observation
 Ministry of Water Resources, River Development
Rejuvenation (Central Water Commission )
&
Ganga
 River monitoring & Flood Forecasting
 State Governments
 Warning and mitigation
 National Disaster Management Authority
 Policy
 Ministry of Home Affairs
 Overall inter agency coordination
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Data collection network
•
Hydrological stations is being increased from existing 878 to 1678
additional stations.
•
Flood forecasting sites are being increased from existing 199 to 275.
•
Network with telemetry is being expanded from 445 to 1074 stations.
•
Estimation of river water level or inflow into reservoirs in
advance to alert concerned.
•
River Water Level Forecast for towns/habitations.
•
Reservoir Inflow forecast for Reservoir operation.
•
Inundation modelling using available DEMs.
Annually over 6000 flood/inflow forecasts and advance
warnings with overall accuracy of forecast of around 96%
are being issued, which on expansion of the present
network will touch 10000.
CWC has started three days advisory forecast at some of
the locations using rainfall-runoff modeling and rainfall
forecast of IMD to give enhanced lead time to the disaster
managers for preparedness.
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Flood Storage Estimation study by CWC on
Ganga River Basin
Important tributaries of River Ganga
Southern tributaries
• Yamuna (347703 sq.km just before Sangam at
Allahabad)
Chambal (141948 sq.km), Betwa (43770 sq.km), Ken (28706
sq.km), Sind (27930 sq.km), Gambhir (25685 sq.km)
• Tauns (17523 sq.km)
• Sone (67330 sq.km)
Northern Tributaries
• Ghaghra (132114 sq.km)
• Gandak (41554 sq.km)
• Kosi (92538 sq.km including Bagmati)
Total drainage area at Farakka – 931000 sq.km
Total drainage area at Patna - 725000 sq.km
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Drainage area map of river Ganga
Rainfall pattern in Ganga basin
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Flood storage estimate for Ganga Basin
Estimated flood storage in Yamuna river system
Chambal sub basin – 3 BCM
Ken sub basin – 2 BCM
Betwa sub basin – 2.5 BCM
Sind – 0.3 BCM
Estimated flood storage on Tauns – 0.8 BCM
Estimated flood storage in Sone river system – 2.5 BCM
Estimated flood storage in Ghaghra river system – 3 BCM
Live storage – 16.21 BCM (Karnali-Chisapanai), 1.19 BCM (Namure), 6.038 BCM
(Pancheshwar with additional 0.3 BCM between FRL and MWL as flood cushion)
Estimated flood storage on Gandak – 2.3 BCM
Estimated flood storage on Kosi – 3.25 BCM
(Saptakosi & Sunkosi
multipurpose projects on Saptakosi, Bagmati Multipurpose project on river Bagmati
and Kamla Dam on Kamla River are proposed storage projects in Kosi river system.
total live storage and flood storage of 12180 MCM and 1530 MCM respectively)
• To ensure effective flood mitigation, integrated operation of
the proposed/existing storage projects is essential.
• Efforts should also be made to ensure some dynamic flood
cushion supported with the inflow forecast.
• Further, about 63% of the drainage area of river Ganga at
Patna out of 7,25,000 sq.km is likely to remain untapped
due to topographical constraints.
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FLOOD PLAIN ZONING
•
FLOOD PLAIN ZONING
•WARNING •RESTRICTIVE •PROHIBITIVE •RESTRICTIVE
•I
•II
•III
•II
•WARNING
•I
•RIVER
CHANNEL
•Flood Plain is also the domain of the river just as the river
channel is.
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Flood Plain Zoning

Purpose is to minimise damages due to floods, if not avoided.

Measures aim at demarcating zones or areas likely to be affected by
floods of different magnitudes or frequencies and probability levels, and
specify the types of permissible developments in these zones.

Model Flood Plain Zoning Bill has already been circulated by MOWR /
CWC for enacting suitable legislation by all States / UTs.

So far, Manipur, Rajasthan and Uttarakhand have enacted legislation.

Parliamentary Standing Committee in 2013 has emphasized on early
enactment of Flood Plain Zoning Bill in a time bound manner.
INTERLINKING OF RIVERS
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INTERLINKING OF RIVERS TO TRANSFER WATER FROM
SURPLUS BASINS
The National Perspective Plan envisages inter-linkages
between various Himalayan river and Peninsular rivers
for transfer of waters from surplus of water to deficit
basins for optimum utilisation of water resources.
Integrated approach is likely to accrue besides other
benefits, significant flood moderation as well.
RIVER MORPHOLOGY EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION
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EXPERT COMMITTEE
In the 6th meeting of the National Ganga River Basin Authority held
on 4th July, 2016, the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG),
Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga
Rejuvenation (MoWR, RD & GR) constituted a Committee for
preparation of guidelines for works on de-siltation from Bhimgauda
(Uttarakhand) to Farakka (West Bengal) under the Chairmanship of
Shri Madhav Chitale, Expert Member, NGRBA. The ToR of the
Committee is :
-To establish need for de-silting for ecology and e-flow of the river.
-To form Guidelines for works on de-siltation from Bhimgauda
(Uttarakhanda) to Farakka (West Bengal) and will provide necessary
approvals for de-siltation works.
The Members of the Committee are Secretaries of MoWR, RD & GR and
MoEF & CC, Director, CWPRS.
Expert Committee on Erosion & Siltation in Rivers
•
The Committee shall study the root cause of erosion and siltation in
rivers in India, particularly the Brahmaputra and Ganga Basin.
•
The Committee shall study and review the recommendations of
various important expert committees constituted in the past including
the RBA, Task Force 2004 on Flood Management/Erosion control,
B. K. Mittal Committee-2006 on siltation of rivers and recommend
suitable measures of erosion control and appropriate combination of
raising and strengthening of existing embankments, measures to
control siltation of river beds and techno environmental permissible
de-siltation/ dredging of river beds for providing adequate waterway to
safe passage of flows in floods.
•
Committee is headed by Director, CWPRS with members from
Ministry, CWC, NIH, NRSC, IIT and States Governments.
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FLOODS ON TRANSBOUNDARY RIVERS
International Dimensions of Flood
•
Three major river systems of India namely Ganga, Brahmaputra and Indus
cross international borders.
•
Ministry of Water Resources is responsible for strengthening international
cooperation on matters relating to these rivers by way of negotiations with
neighbouring countries in regard to river waters, water resources
development projects and operation of international treaties relating to water.
•
Bilateral co-operation on flood management with Bangladesh, Bhutan,
China, Nepal & Pakistan.
• Near real-time hydro-meteorological data exchange with neighbouring
countries (54 stations from Nepal, 35 stations from Bhutan, 11 stations to
Bangladesh, 4 stations from China)
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Integrated Flood Management Approach
•
Paradigm shift from the traditional, fragmented and localized approach to river
basin as a whole, backed by latest technologies and implemented in a most
effective manner.
•
Long-term solution to problems of recurrent floods lies in construction of dams
and reservoirs with adequate flood-cushion.
•
Moderation of the flood waters through interlinking of rivers and judiciously
utilize and for other benefits.
•
Scientific Assessment of Flood Prone Area for the entire country.
•
Expansion of the Flood Forecasting Network including inundation modeling/
forecast. Efforts to use extended hydrological prediction and numerical weather
prediction methods and development of mathematical models.
•
Enactment of Flood Plain Zoning Bill by States.
•
Integrated operation of reservoirs to moderate floods during monsoon.
THANK YOU
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