/30
BULLETIN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES VOLUME
1
Mations/mi n.
200
160
120
--20
0
2
2
0, conc. (Val
Figure 3. The effect of oxygen concentration on the
rate of gill ventilation. Points are means for five
fish, with 5 measurements of ventilation per minute
and averaged for each fish.
fairly constant rates of oxygen consumption
( Warren, 1971). The unarmored stickleback
shows this homeostatic ability quite well above 2.0
ppm. In oxygen concentrations below 2.0 ppm,
oxygen consumption drops rapidly.
A strong correlation exists between the level
of no excess activity point, when oxygen consumption begins to rapidly decrease, and the oxygen
concentration an organism is exposed to in its
particular habitat ( Macan, 1963). Goldfish
(Carassius aurains) have a considerably tower
incipient limiting point than do brook trout
(Sardinia fontinalis) (Fry and Hart, 1948;
(i raham, 1949; Beamish, 1964). Undoubtedly the
critical dissolved oxygen concentration which
causes the rate of oxygen consumption to drop can
he influenced by acclimation. Sim ilatly, the critical
or lethal low oxygen concentration is also effected by acclimation. Shepard ‘i1955) found that
the survival time of brook tro in a lethal oxygen
concentration of 1.06 pp
creased when fish
were held for 150 hours i .8 ppm 02. Fry and
Hart (1948) and Graha 1949) also showed that
temperature also affe
the point of no excess
activity.
The small mere- in respiratory rate (Fig. 2)
in oxygen co
trations slightly above the
level of no exce . activity has also been reported by
Beamish (1964). This increase is believed to he
caused by the large energy requirement needed
for providing sufficient gill ventilation at low
oxygen concentrations. Gill ventilation data for
73
the unarmored stickleback (Fig. 3) indicates the
great increase in ventilation rate required to allow
respiratory independence to exist as oxygen concentration decreases. These data show that even
though a field oxygen concentration of 3.0 pp
would not be lethal, a sizeable amount of energy
would be required for ventilation. Such a s'ination
would probably reduce both growth and *roductive abilities as well as general activiiir as energy
would be diverted to maintain a s icicnt metabolic rate.
Jones (1952) found that G rosteus aculeattu
would avoid water with lean than 2.0 ppm 02.
When a fish entered water with a dissolved oxygen
concentration less than 2.0 ppm it immediately
turned around or hacked out of it. Data presented
in this paper indicate that although the unarmored
stickleback also
ears to be capable of tolerating
oxygen levels 416 low as 2.0 ppm, below this concentration death would soon occur. Hence there
appears to be a good correlation between the behavioral observations of Jones and our oxygen
consumption data.
The daytime oxygen concentrations in the upper
Santa Clara River (mean 02 = 7.18 ppm) appear
to he well above this limiting level. However, in
isolated stagnant pools and perhaps on warm summer nights, when photosynthetic 02 production
would be absent, lower oxygen levels might occur.
The relatively high critical oxygen concentration
of 2.0 ppm for this species probably indicates a
preference for moving, well-oxygenated waters.
Field observations show that sticklebacks have a
strong preference for flowing water, and are entirely absent in ponds lacking flow.
With respect to physiological adaptations, the
unarmored stickleback again appears to be intermediate between fishes such as carps, which
inhabit stagnant waters and tolerate low 02 levels,
and those inhabiting cold mountain streams (sal-
.
6
TEMPERATURE AND OXYGEN
TOLERAN CE
LITERATURE CITED
mish, F. W. H. 1964. Respiration of fishes with
special emphasis on standard oxygen consumption III. Influence of oxygen. Canadian J.
Zool., 42:355-366.
rest, J. R. 1956. Some principles in the thermal
requirements of fishes. Quart. Rev. Biol., 31:
4
. 75-87.
ksen, C. H. 1976. Physiological ecology and
management of the rare "southern" grayling,
Thymallus aerials tricolor Cope. Verb. Inte
• Verein. Limnol. 19. In press.
ment on
of, F. E. J. 1947. Effects of e
- animal activity. Univ. Toronto Biol. Ser. No. 55,
Publ. Ontario Fisheries Res. Lab., 68.
OF THE
UNARMORED
STICKLEBACK
131
Fry, F. E. J., and J. S. Hart. 1948. The relation of
temperature to oxygen consumption in the g
fish. Biol. Bull., 94:66-77.
temperature
Graham, J. M. 1949. Some eff
metabolism and
and oxygen pressure o
lontinalis.
Salvelinus
,
activity of the speckle
7:270-288.
Canadian J. Re
., and G. N. Somero. 1973.
of biochemical adaptation. W. B.
ders Co., 358 pp.
Hochachka
St
ewis, D. B., M. Walkey, and H. J. B. Hannan.
1972. Some effects of low oxygen tensions on
the distribution of the three-opined stickleback
Gasterosteus aculeatus L. and the nine-opined
stickleback Pungitius pungitius (L.). J. Fish.
Biol., 4:103-108.
. 1967. Responses of vertebrate poikilo- Lowe, C. H., and W. G. Heath. 1969. Behavioral
and physiological responses to temperature in the
: therms to temperature. In Thermobiology, (A. H.
Rose, ed.) Academic Press. New York.
desert pupfish (Cyprinodon tnacularius). Physiol.
Zool., 42:53-59.
. 1971. The effect of environmental factors
the physiology of fish. In Fish physiology.
Vol. 6. ( W. S. Hoar and D. 5. Randall, eds.)
Academic Press, New York. pp. 1-98.
Accepted for publication May I, 1976.
FISH REMAINS FROM AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE AT RANCHO CARRILLO
ON THE SILVER STRAND, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
W. I.
FOLLETT'
Aesrancr: A collection of 170 fish remains from an archaeological site on the Silver Strand,
species, all of which are
../immediately west of San Diego Bay, California, represents nine
calijorniensis, Paralabrar sp.,
edible: Mustelus calijornicus, Sardinops sagas, A therinopsis
argentea, and
Roncador stearnsii, Genyonentas lineatus, Cyno.scion parripinnis, Sphyraena
Pneuntatophorus japonicas.
Remains of Cynoscion parvipinnis, a subtropical fish unknown from California in recent
years, indicate the occurrence of a former warmwater fauna in this vicinity, probably during
more than two centuries.
probably caught in
Remains of large Sphyraetta argentea and Pneurnatophorus japonicas,
the ocean, suggest aboriginal use of the tule balsa.
monids).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We
wish to thank the following people and organizations-the members and advisors of the Unarmored
Threespine Stickleback Recovery Team and J. MacKinin, owner of the study site land, for their cooperation; James Herman, Thomas Williams and Deborah
Flores for assistance in the field; the California State
Department of Fish and Game for support through
conti act AB-27.
pis is a report on a collection of fish remains land masses, Coronado and Coronado Heights
10 km apart), and separating the moderrecovered by Carl L. Hubbs and Laurence G. (about
ately surf-beaten ocean beach from the extensive
Jones during July 1962 from an archaeological site mud flats and open water of San Diego Bay (U.S.
at Rancho Carrillo, a former Spanish ranch on the
Silver Strand (Coronado Strand), San Diego Co,
Academy of SciCalifornia. The narrow, gently curving Silver
' 13W. Ichthyology, California94118.
,Strand is a sandspit connecting two low-terrace ences, San Francisco, California
II-
132
BULLETIN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES VOLUME 75
of 17.2 kg, but few exceed 107 cm or 4.1 kg (Fitch,
1972:104). It was said to be the commonest shark in
southern California, great numbers being taken in
seines and on setlines in San Diego Bay (Starks and
Morris, 1907:163).
Material: I vertebral centrum, diameter 5.7 mm.
Identified from radiographs.
For a photograph of a vertebral centrum of this
species, see Follett ( I 966:fig. la).
Records front other archaeological sites: Irvine,
Ora-1190 (Follett, 1966:190, 191); Ventura, Ven-3
(Fitch, 1969a:62); Diablo Cove, SLO-2 (Fitch, 1972:
104),
Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart 5107). The
primitive topography of the Silver Strand and its
vicinity is shown on a map of San Diego Bay made
in 1782 by Juan Pantoja (Pomade, 1961:80).
The approximate location of the site is indicated
by Kroeber (1925:920, fig. 75, third site from
bottom). Fish remains were recovered only at
Stations B and C of this site.
Station B represents a Diegueno camp with an
abundance of pottery—a culture still extant when
the Spaniards arrived (Moriarty, 1961:13, 16).
This station is on the light-colored, unconsolidated
upper sand, among low sand dunes cast of the south
extension of Silver Strand State Park. It is at an
elevation of 6.4 m above sea level, about 600 m
from Stale Park Monument No. 5. A radiocarbon
date of 270 ± 150 years B.P. (A.D. 1680) from
material from the surface midden (LJ-210,
32°37'27"N, 117°08'09"W) was noted by Hubbs,
Bien, and Suess (1962:212: 1965:104).
Station C, 0.1 km northwest Irons Station B,
very likely represents the late stage of the La
JoIlan (prepottery) culture, which preceded the
Diegueno; material Irons superficial layers of
Station C is much more ancient than that from
Station II. Station C is on the upper layer of the
swale to the west of a sand ridge and at a much
lower elevation, not much above sea level. A
radiocarbon date of 3470 ± 175 years B.P. (1520
B.C.) from material from a depth of 5 to 15 ens
(1J-593) was noted by Hubbs, Bien, and Suess
(1965:104). Since the material from Station C
appears to represent a redeposit from the adjacent
slopes to the cast (Carl L. Hubbs, pers. comm.),
the possibility cannot be excluded that the fish
material at Station C was derived by surface wash
Irons the Dieguetio material of Station B.
The specimens are deposited at the Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, under Accdsion No.
1962-VII:21.
FISHES REPRESENTED
The collection comprises 170 fish remains, most
of which are incomplete or fragmentary. The
stations and depths from which they were recovered are shown in Table I. At least nine species,
referable to nine genera and seven families, are
represented.
Family Triakidae
Mustehts californicus Gill, 1864
The gray smoothhound (Roedel and Ripley, 1950:
fig. 37) attains a total length of 163 cm and a weight
Family Clupeidae
Sardinops sagas (Jenyns, 1842)
The l'acific sardine (Hart, 1973:100, unnumbered
fig.) has been known to attain a fork length of 41.3
cm, but usually does not exceed 33 cm (Roedel,
1953:33). A fork length of 41.3 cm would correspond
to a total length of about 46 cm. At times, sardines
have occurred in San Diego Bay in such abundance
that bushels were left at low tide in the small puddles
about piles (Eigenmann, 1892:136, 137, as Clupea
sagas). Under such conditions, sardines could have
been caught by a seine or a gill net. If the Dieguefic,
used a seine, they might have manipulated it from
balsas. By so doing, they could have avoided being
stung by the round stingray, Urolopluts halleri Cooper,
which has been very common in San Diego Bay
(Eigenmann, 1892:134).
Material: Articular (1 ), dentary (1 ), frontal (2).
supplemental maxillary (1), opercle (3), preopercle
( I ), scale (4), sphenotic (1), and vertebra (10)—
representing fish about 13 to 23 cm in total length.
For figures of the skeletal elements of this species,
see Phillips (1942).
Records from other archaeological sites: Conejo
Rock Shelter, Ven-69 (Follett, 1965:83); Tomales
Bay, Mann Co (Follett, I968a:3); Century Ranch,
LAn-229 ( Follett, 1968b: 134); Rincon Point, SBa-1
(Filch, 1969b:72, as Sardinops caeruleus); Swoape,
Ven-168 (Fitch, 19696:72, as Sardinops caertrieus);
Diablo Cove, SLO-2 (Fitch, 1972:105, as Sardinops
caeruleus); San Buenaventura Mission, Ven-87 (Fitch,
1975:442).
Family Athcrinidae
Atherinopsis californiensis Girard, 1854
The jacksmelt (Jordan and Evermann, 1900:pl. 125
fig. 341) seldom exceeds a total length of 33 cm
south of Point Conception (Cannon, 1964:234). The
largest measured specimen was 44.4 cm in total length
(Miller and Lea, 1972:82). Jacksmelt were abundant
in San Diego Bay (Eigenmann, 1892:129, 145); they
could have been caught by hook and line or by seine.
Material: Articular ( I; from a fish about 23 cm in
total length).
133
FISH REMAINS FROM ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE
Moriarty,
1961:104);
Conejo
Rock
Shelter,
Ven-69
Records f coin other archaeological sites: Ventura,
Vert-3 (Fitch, 1969a:64); Shelter Hill, 4-Mm-14 (Follett, 1965:84); Ventura, Ven-3 (Fitch, 1969a:65);
(Fitch, 19696:73); Swoape,
(Follett, 1974:146); West Berkeley, CA-Ala-307 Rincon Point, SBa-1
Ven-168 (Fitch, 1969b:73); Diablo Cove, SLO-2
(Follett, 1975:78).
(Fitch, 1972:111, 120); San Pedro, LAn-283 (Frey,
1974:92); San Buenaventura Mission, Ven-87 (Fitch,
Family Serranidae
1975:449).
Paralabrax sp.
Cynoscion parvipinnis Ayres, 1862
Three species of bass (Paralabrar eh:donuts, P.
maculatofasciants, and P. nebulifer) were abundant
The
shortfin
corvina (Croker, 1932:0g. 89) was
in the vicinity of San Diego and were known to enter
San Diego Bay (Eigenmann, 1892:130, 150-151). said by Jordan and Gilbert (1881:48) to reach a
length of about 61 cm and a weight of 3.6 kg. That
All are food fish, readily caught by hook and line. appears
to have been an inadvertent overstatement of
In the skeletal elements represented in this collection,
at that length: a specimen of normal apthese three species are but slightly differentiated from the weight
collected by W. I. Follett and Richard S.
one another. Identification is therefore to genus only. pearance,
Croker off San Felipe, Baja California, measured 59.7
Material: Basipterygium (I), ceratohyal (1), cm in total length and weighed 1.8 kg. Shortfin
cleithrum (1), vertebra (I)—representing fish to per- corvinas are readily caught by hook and line. This
haps 46 cm in total length.
species was common in southern California, where it
Records front other archaeological sites: Century now seems to have been absent for many years, though
Paralabrax
1963a:302,
(Follett,
Ranch, LAn-227
it remains abundant in central Baja California (Hubbs,
clatitratus); Arroyo Sequit, LAn-52 (Follett, 1963b: 1948:466). It was originally described from the coast
115, Paralabrax clathratus); Irvine, Ora-I I8A and of Baja California at about 27°N (Ayres, 1862:156),
Ora-119B (Follett, 1966:191, 193, Paralabrax macu- in the vicinity of Punta San Hip6lito; it was recorded
latofasciatus); Corona del Mar, Ora-I90 (Fitch, 1967: from San Diego by Jordan and Gilbert (1880:28, as
188, Paralabrax sp.).
Cynoscion magdalettae), Eigenmann (1892:130, 154),
Starks and Morris (1907:198).
Family Sciaenidae
Material: Ceratohyal (1), epibranchial (I), epihyal
Roncador stearnsii (Steindachner, 1875)
(1), metapterygoid (1), palatine (1; fig. IA), and
lower pharyngeal (1)—representing fish from about
The spotfin croaker (Roedel, 1953:fig. 93) is
to 51 cm in total length.
known to attain a weight of 4.76 kg; a 673 mm speci- 43Although
in certain skeletal elements this species is
men weighed 4.2 kg (Baxter, 1960:39). Spotfin but slightly differentiated from the white seabass,
croakers were said to be "only occasionally absent Cynoscion nobilis (Ayres), which was also abundant
from" San Diego Bay (Eigenmann, 1892:152). They in the region of San Diego, the identification of the
are readily caught by hook and line.
present material appears satisfactory. In particular,
Material: Dentary (1), maxillary (1), pelvic spine
dorsal ridge of the palatine is more prominent
(I), upper pharyngeal (I ), sagitta (1), scale (24), the
in C. nobilis, the lower pharyngeal is wider in
and vertebra (3)—representing fish about 48 to 56 than
proportion to its length, the epibranchial is less striate,
cm in total length.
and
the
ceratohyal is more deeply concave along its
Records from other archaeological sites: Scripps superior margin.
Hubbs,
and
(Shttmway,
Estate, San Diego Co
Records front other archaeological sites: I have
Moriarty, 1961:104); San Pedro, LAn-283 (Frey, found no published records of archaeological material
1974:92); San Buenaventura Mission, Ven-87 (Fitch,
of this species.
1975:450).
Family Sphyraenidac
Genyonemus lineatus (Ayres, 1855)
Sphyraena argentea Girard, 1854
The white croaker (Roedel, 1953:fig. 97) attains a
The California barracuda (Watford, 1937:colored
total length of 413 mm and a weight of 1.1 kg (Fitch,
66 fig, a) is known to attain a length of 118 cm
1975:450). It was abundant in San Diego Bay during pl.
a weight of 8.2 kg (not the same fish) (Fitch and
December and January (Eigenmann, 1892:130, 153), and
Lavenberg, 1971:142). Barracudas were abundant at
but it is caught throughout the year (Baxter, 1960:38). San Diego throughout the summer, the young (about
In southern California this is one of the fishes most
30 cm in length), but not the adults, entering San
readily caught by hook and line from the shore.
Diego Bay in large schools (Eigenmann, 1892:147).
Material: Maxillary (1), lower pharyngeal (I),
sagitta (2), scale (2)—representing fish about 23 to The large individuals represented in the collection were
probably caught in the ocean, presumably by hook
25 cm in total length.
lute balsa.
Records from other archaeological sites: Scripps and line trolled from a
Material: Cleithrum (1), hyomandibular (2),
Estates, San Diego Co (Shumway, Hubbs, and
1976
134
BULLETIN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES VOLUME 75
1892:148, as Scomber colias). The large individuals
represented in the collection were probably caught in
the ocean by hook and line from a tule balsa; the
small ones, in San Diego Bay by net or possibly
by hook and line.
Material: Anal spine (1), cleithrum ( I ), dentary
( I ), hyomandibular (1), interhaemal spine (1 ),
maxillary (I), positemporal (1), premaxillary (2),
pterygokl (1). and vertebra (69; one shown in fig.
1C)—representing fish about 18 to 50 cm in total
length.
Records from other archaeological sites: Century
Ranch, LAn-227 and LAn-229 (Follett, I963a:304,
1968b:135; as Scomber japonicas diego); Arroyo
Sequit, LAn-52 (Follett, I963b: 116, as Scomber
japonicas diego); Conejo Rock Shelter, Ven-69
(Follett, 1965:84, as Scomber japonicas diego);
Ventura, Ven-3 (Fitch, 1969a:65, as Scomber diego).
DISCUSSION
Indications of Former Warmtvater Faunas.—Re-
mains of Cynoscion parvipinnis recovered from
Figure I. Fish remains from Rancho Carrillo: A,
right palatine, length 39 mm, of Cynoscion parripinnis
(total length about 50 cm) from Station B, on slope,
decimeter 2; B, right palatine (mesial aspect), length
73 mm, of Sphyraena argentea (total length about 92
cm) from Station B. on slope, decimeter 4; C. caudal
vertebra, length 6.3 mm, of Pneumatophorus japonicas
(total length about 28 cm) from Station B, on slope,
decimeter I.
hypural (2), maxillary ( I ), palatine (I; fig. IB),
vertebra (7), vomer ( I )—representing fish about 86
to 110 cm in total length.
Records front other archaeological sites: Century
Ranch, LAn-227 and LAn-229 (Follett, 1963a:303;
1968b:135); Arroyo Sequit, LAn-52 (Follett, 1963b:
115): Conejo Rock Shelter, Ven-69 (Follett, 1965:
84); Ventura, Ven-3 (Fitch, I969a:64); San Buenaventura Mission. Ven-87 (Fitch, 1975:455); Swoape,
Ven-168 (Fitch, 1975:466).
Family Scornhridae
Pneumatophorits japonicus (Houttuyn, 1782)
The Pacific mackerel ( Watford. I937:colored pl.
37 fig. b) has been known to attain a total length of
63.5 cm and a weight of 2.9 kg, but usually is under
38 cm in length ( Roedel, 1953:84, as Plicanwtophoras
diego). Half-grown individuals were exceedingly
abundant in San Diego Bay during the autumn, but
very few large ones were caught there (Eigenmann,
this site strongly corroborate the conclusions expressed by Carl L. Hubbs, some 14 years before
the Rancho Carrillo collection was made, that
former northward occurrences of subtropical
fishes along the southern California coast did not
represent merely single-season waves, but longlasting warmwater faunas (Hubbs, 1948:465).
These remains indicate that C. parvipinnis had
persisted in the San Diego area for a considerable
period of time, probably for more than two centuries. The material of this species was recovered
Irons Station B at three distinct levels. The remains
of 0--± 1 decimeter were presumably contemporaneous with the material from the surface midden
that yielded a radiocarbon date of 270 ± 150 years
B.P. (A.D. 1680). Presumably, the remains from
decimeter 2 were older, and those from decimeter
3 were older still.
Doubtless in addition to the long-lasting warm.
water periods, there has been an occasional warmwater year that may have brought C. parvipinnis
into southern California for a short interval.
Between 1927 and 1929, shortfin corvinas from
1.4 to 1.8 kg in weight were netted on several
occasions in salt ponds at the southern part of
San Diego Bay (John E. Fitch, pers. comm.).
These fish may have been holdovers in this favorable habitat from a possible northward occurrence
of this species in I926—a year when other fishes
are known to have strayed north of their usual
range (Hubbs and Schultz, 1929). Another subtropical species, the bonefish, Alhula ',tripes
135
FISH REMAINS FROM ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE
1976
TABLE I. Number of fish remains recovered from Rancho Carrillo site.
On flat
dm
Mustelus californicus
Sardinops sagar
A therinopsis californiensis
Paralabrar sp.
Roncador stearnsii
Genyonennis lineatus
Cynoscion parvipinnis
Sphyraena argentea
Pnettttt atophorits japonicas
1
1
dm 2
1
"
Station C.
Station B.
On slope
'
dm 1
dm 2
dm 3
dm 4
II
1
I
5
1
3
8
2
lt
dm
6
3
3
2
30
8
1
1
3
15
8
Surface
misc.
levels dm 1
dm 2
2
4
dm 3
1
1
2
1
4
2
3
1
7
6
20
A radiocarbon date of 270:-. 150 years B.P. (A.D. 1680) was obtained from Pismo clam (Tirtla stubortun) valves from
Station B ( Dieguerio) surf ace midden.
B.P. (1520 B.C.) was obtained from Pismo clam (TIvela stultornm) valves front
r A radiocarbon date of 3470 -± 1755 years
Station C (La Jollan1) at a depth of to 15 cm.
(Linnaeus), is known to have occurred in some
numbers in Los Angeles Co, California, during
1926. Between 25 September and 7 November
1926, while employed at the California State Fisheries Laboratory at Terminal Island, I caught three
bonefish from the Terminal Island seawall, saw
another, and examined two that another angler
had caught. These observations, on five distinct
occasions, caused me to believe, erroneously, that
the bonefish was normally a member of the southern California fauna ( Follett, 1928 :285 ).
Indications of Dieguelio Use of the Tule Balsa.
—The presence of remains of barracudas and
mackerel, of large size, indicates the use of some
type of watercraft for fishing in the ocean. Large
individuals of these two species were probably not
caught from the shore, since they surely did not
occur either on the mud flats or in the surf. According to Eigenmann (1892:147, 148), adult
bariacudaenever or very rarely entered San Diego
Bay, and very few large mackerel were caught
there, although the young and half-grown of both
species abounded in the bay. These remains suggest the use off San Diego, during aboriginal times,
of a tule balsa such as that ascribed to the historic
Dieguelio by Costanso (1910:121), Menzies
(1924:340), Kroeber (1925:723), and Heizer
and Massey (1953:295).
Presumably, the Rancho Carrillo people were
able to launch their balsas from the steep beach
on the ocean side of their area of occupation.
Once under way, they could have taken advantage
of the local drift to reach (and to return from) an
eddy in the lee of Point Loma, which may have
been their most favorable fishing grounds. The
dominant southeastward coastwise current, de-
fleeted by Point Loma, creates a back-set beach
drift along the Silver Strand and forms a counterclockwise eddy several kilometers in extent (Davis,
1933:235). That eddy would seem to have been
a feeding area for the large barracudas and large
mackerel that were captured by the people of
Rancho Carrillo.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I wish to express my appreciation to Carl L. Hubbs for
permitting me to study this collection of fish remains
and for making available to me an unpublished report
on the site by Carl L. Hubbs and Laurence G. Jones;
to Leonard J. V. Compagno (Stanford Univ.) for
assistance in identifying the shark vertebra; to Lillian
3. Dempster (California Acad. Sci.) for assistance with
the manuscript; to John E. Fitch (California Dept.
Fish and Game) for identifying the otoliths, for providing the vernacular "Swoape Site" for Ven-168, and
for information regarding shortfin corvinas in San
Diego Bay; and to Maurice C. Giles (California Acad.
Sci.) for enlarging the photographs.
LITERATURE CITED
Ayres, W. 0. 1862. [Description of Cynoscion
parripinnis.] Proc. California Acad. Nat. Sci.,
2:156-158:
Baxter, J. L. 1960. Inshore fishes of California.
California Dept. Fish and Game. Sacramento,
80 pp.
Cannon, R. 1964. How to fish the Pacific coast.
Lane Book Co., Menlo Park, California, Second
Edition, xi + 337 pp.
136
BULLETIN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES VOLUME 75
Costanso, M. 1910. The narrative of the Portola
expedition of 1769-1770. (A. van Hemert-Engert
and F. J. Teggart, eds.) Publ. Acad. Pac. Coast
Hist., 1(4):91-159.
1963b. Fish remains from Arroyo Sequit
shellmound (LAn-52), Los Angeles County,
Croker, R. S. 1932. The white sea-bass and related
1965. Fish remains from the Conejo Rock
Shelter site (Ven-69), Ventura County, California. Univ. California Los Angeles Archaeol.
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