LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
FRAC WATER
DISPOSAL / RECYCLING
PROCESSES FOR
UNCONVENTIAL SHALE GAS
WASTE WATER
by Tom Lewis III
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
CURRENT STATUS…
• SERVICE ORGANIZATION, INCORPORATED IN JANUARY 1991
• COMPANY HAS TWO PATENTS - HEAVY METALS REMOVAL
AND CYANIDE DESTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
• PATENT PENDING SHALE GAS WATER RECYCLING PROCESS
CORPORATE CAPIBILITIES
• OEM – CORE TECHNOLOGY: PATENTED GAC PROCESS
• WATER AND SOIL REMEDIATION CAPABILITIES
• SYSTEM ENGINEERING AND CAD DESIGN
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
•Crane Naval Base
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
TRILLION
DOLLAR
NATURAL GAS
RESERVE
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"Fracking” :injecting water, sand and special chemicals UNDER HIGH PRESSURE into the shale layer
separates the pores in the rock sand particles "hold" the cracks open RELEASES NATURAL gas
FLOWBACK: 35% - 40% OF INJECTED WATER IS RECVERD FROM THE WELL.
NASTY STUFF: fluids CAN qualify as hazardous material TOXIC LEVELS OF carcinoge
LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
Hydraulic Fracturing…
• FRACING” - INJECTING WATER, SAND AND
CHEMICALS UNDER HIGH PRESSURE INTO THE
SHALE FORMATION.
• SEPARATES THE PORES IN THE ROCK , SAND
"HOLD" THE CRACKS OPEN – RELEASES GAS
FLOWBACK: 20% - 25% OF INJECTED WATER IS
RECOVERED FROM THE WELL.
• NASTY STUFF: THERE’S AS MUCH AS TWO
POUNDS OF SALT IN A GALLON OF FRAC WATER.
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
HYDROFRAC REQUIRES
6,000,000 GALLONS WATER
THAT’S 1200 TRUCKLOADS
OF WATER OR 9 OLYMPIC
SIZE SWIMMING POOLS
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
HOW DO THEY COMPARE?
SHALE PLAY
LOCATION
BARNETT
MARCELLUS
FORT WORTH, TX
2/3 OF PA, PARTS OF NY
TWO BIGGEST DIFFERENCES
andIN
WV
WATER
SOURCES
SOME WHAT SCARCE WATER IS PLENTIFUL. 2ND
THE
PLAYS…
LARGEST WATER WAYS
OR LIMITED
1 - LIMITED 10,000
DEEPDISPOSAL
WELL INJECTION
DISPOSAL
8 DISPSOAL WELLS AND
OPTIONSOPTIONSWELLS
6 TREATMENT PLANTS
AND
FLOWBACK%
60% - 70% FLOWBACK 20% - 25% FLOWBACK IN
2 - HIGHER INITIAL
ORGANICS
STAGES AND TDS
INITIAL STAGE
ORGANICS
VERY WET GAS WITH
LOW % IN FRAC
CONCENTRATIONS
LEVELS
HIGHER SOLUBLE
WATER
ORGANICS
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
HYDROFRAC REQUIRES
4,000,000 GALLONS WATER
THAT’S 800 TRUCKLOADS
OF WATER OR 6 OYLIMPIC
SIZE SWIMMING POOLS
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
Flowback Samples
MEASUREMENT
A
pH
5.93
SODIUM
548 43
CALCIUM
3,600
MAGNESIUM
6,062
BARIUM
547
IRON
1,274
MANGANESE
99.6
BICARBONATE
415
SULFATE
10
CHLORIDE
93,000
TDS
148,016
B
5.83
629 1
15,680
1,770
112
60
1.4
183
10
35,000
54,230
C
5.95
477 34
6,800
899
127
105
1.7
348
20
68,000
110,847
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D
5.89
54
15,200
4,730
98
92
1.8
195
60
125,000
200,000
LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
BARNETT – MARCELLUS SHALE COMPARISON
BARNETT 1
pH
Alkalinity
Iron
Aluminum
BARNETT 2
MARCELLUS
6.8
480
0.50
<0.1
5.8
360
63
0.50
5.9
56
38
1
Calcium
Magnesium
1,400
180
10,400
880
1,300
100
Chloride
Manganese
23,100
1
95,750
5
16,400
2
Silica
Sulfate
TDS
29
32
39,800
14
430
176,400
12
20
29,000
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
FLOWBACK ANALYSIS OVER TIME
ITEMS
INFLUENT FLOWBACK INFLUENT
A
B
A DAY 14
FLOWBACK
B DAY 14
Sodium
6,190
32,500
88
31,500
Calcium
2,990
12,500
21
7,820
3.6
7.0
3.7
725
11.6
39.8
0.9
41
9.8
58
0.28
569
10,700
78,600
75
67,100
Bicarbonate
31
56
46
56
Ammonia
9.3
107
3.6
121
Magnesium
Iron
Barium
Chloride
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
2011 RECYCLING/FLOWBACK TREND ANALYSIS
ITEMS
FLOWBACK
FLOWBACK
SUMMARY…
YEAR 2009
YEAR 2011
•CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION
Sodium
12,200
31,000
INCREASED BY 100%.
Calcium
7,500
19,500
•BARIUM
AND STRONTIUM
CONCENTRATIONS
Magnesium
570
1,680
INCREASED
30 – 40 TIMES.
Iron
39
109
•CALCIUM
CONCENTRATION
INCREASED
Barium
95
3,310
Strontium
103
4,040
2 – 3 TIMES.
Chloride
80,200 2 – 3 148,000
•TDS
LEVELS INCREASED
TIMES.
Bicarbonate
36
56
THESE
INCREASES ARE
GAME CHANGERS
Ammonia
107
135
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
Cost Effective Solutions For …. Today’s Problems
LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
WATER MANAGEMNT TRENDS…
SMALL and MEDIUM SIZE DRILLERS
• OFF-SITE DISPOSAL COSTLY TRUCKING AND
DISPOSAL FEES
LARGE SIZE DRILLERS
•
•
REUSE “DIRTY” FRAC WATER AND FRESH WATER
DEEP WELL INJECT CONCENTRATED
BRINE WATER
LOSS OF VALUABLE WATER AND
RECOVERABLE RESOURCES
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
FRAC WATER MANAGEMENT
2nd
DRILL
SITE
FRESH
WATER
DIRTY FRAC
WATER
DIRTY
FRAC
ENVIROWATER
SHALE
FILTRATION
PROCESS
FRAC WATER
RECYCLED
RECYCLED
FRAC WATER
5 – 6 TIMES
DEEP WELL
ELIMINATE
DEEP
INJECTION
WELL
INJECTION
Cost Effective Solutions For …. Today’s Problems
"Fracking” :injecting water, sand and special chemicals UNDER HIGH PRESSURE into the shale layer
separates the pores in the rock sand particles "hold" the cracks open RELEASES NATURAL gas
FLOWBACK: 35% - 40% OF INJECTED WATER IS RECVERD FROM THE WELL.
NASTY STUFF: fluids CAN qualify as hazardous material TOXIC LEVELS OF carcinoge
LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
FRAC AND PRODUCED
WATERS ARE
TRANSPORTED TO
VARIOUS TREATMENT AND
MUNICIPAL FACILITIES.
BASED ON NEW DEP
REGULATIONS SCHEDULED
TO BEGIN IN 2011, THERE
ARE NO FACILITIES
CURRENTLY IN OPERATION
WHICH CAN MEET THE NEW
DISCHARGE LIMITS. THERE
IS A “REAL” NEED FOR
PROCESSING CAPACITIY.
Cost Effective Solutions For …. Today’s Problems
"Fracking” :injecting water, sand and special chemicals UNDER HIGH PRESSURE into the shale layer
separates the pores in the rock sand particles "hold" the cracks open RELEASES NATURAL gas
FLOWBACK: 35% - 40% OF INJECTED WATER IS RECVERD FROM THE WELL.
NASTY STUFF: fluids CAN qualify as hazardous material TOXIC LEVELS OF carcinoge
LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
MARKET SIZE…
• HUGE MARKET – 10,000 WELLS IN THE
•
•
•
•
NEXT 5 YEARS
PROJECTED WATER USAGE - 28,000,000
GALLONS PER DAY (5,000 TRUCKLOADS/DAY)
DISPOSAL VOLUME – 1.85 BILLION GALLONS PER
YEAR
NATURAL GAS REVENUES TO PA - $1.2 TRILLION
THE ISSUES WITH WATER USAGE AND DISPOSAL
MUST BE ADDRESSED IF THE STATE IS THE
REALIZE THESE REVENUES.
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
FRAC WATER TREATMENT CHOICES…
• ENVIRO-SHALE PROCESS –
ZERO DISCHARGE
• OZONE DESTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
• REVERSE OSMOSIS (RO)
•DISTILLATION AND EVAPORATION
• CRYSTALLIZER
LET’S REVEIW HOW EACH ONE WORKS
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Cost Effective Solutions For …. Today’s Problems
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
OZONE
STRENGTH
ALLEGHENY OZONE
SOMERSET, PA
ECOSPHERE
TECHNOLOGIES
DELAWARE CORP.
DESTRUCTS
ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS
PATENTED
PROCESS
WEAKNESS
NEEDS ELECTRICITY TO
MAKE OZONE
VERY EXPENSIVE
CAPITAL EQUIPMENT
HIGH ENERGY
CONSUMPTION
STILL HAS WASTE
STREAM
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
DISTILLATION
GE WATER (USA)
FOUNTAIN QUAIL
(USA)
PURE STREAM
STRENGTH
RECOVERS AND
CONCENTRATES
FINANCIALLY
STRONG
INDUSTRY
ACCEPTANCE
WEAKNESS
EXPENSIVE
EQUIPMENT
HIGH ENERGY
CONSUMPTION
CONCENTRATE
DISPOSAL
HIGH MAINTENANCE
COSTS
TDS LIMITS
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
CRYSTALLIZER STRENGTH
GE WATER (USA)
CONCENTRATES
HIGH TDS
FEEDSTOCKS
FINANCIALLY
STRONG
AQUA-TECH (USA) NO UNITS IN
MARCELLUS PLAY
WEAKNESS
VERY EXPENSIVE
EQUIPMENT
HIGH ENERGY
CONSUMPTION
CONCENTRATE
DISPOSAL
HIGH MAINTENANCE
COSTS
Cost Effective Solutions For …. Today’s Problems
Cost Effective Solutions For …. Today’s Problems
Brine Concentrator/Crystallizer
EXTENSIVE RECYCLING OF FRAC
FLUIDS HAS REDUCED THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF RECOVERY
TECHNOLOGIES DUE TO THE HIGH TDS
AND CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS
LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
THE SOLUTION …
• ENVIRO-SHALE PROCESS - ZERO DISCHARGE
PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGY (PATENT PENDING)
• PRODUCES HIGH PURITY WATER FOR REUSE
• RECOVERS BRINE AS SALEABLE SALT
• ELIMINATES LARGE VOLUMES OF FLOWBACK
DISPOSAL
• ON-SITE TREATMENT CAPABILITY
SAVES MONEY AND RESOURCES
WHILE IMPROVING THE ENVIRONMENT
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Cr
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Cr
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
TWO MAJOR ISSUES INTERSECT…
PENNSYLVANIA’S HIGH TDS
NEW SOURCE REGULATIONS
&
ZERO DISCHARGE FRAC WATER
RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY
WORKING TOGETHER BOTH WIN
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
TITLE 25 PA CODE CHAPTER 95...
NEW SOURCES OF HIGH TDS WASTE WATERS
AFTER SEPTEMBER 1, 2010
SHALE GAS WASTE WATER DISCHARGE LIMITS
MAY, 2011 SOLIDS
– PA GOV CALLED
TOTAL DISSOLVED
500 mg/l
FOR A VOLUNTARY STATEWIDE
TOTAL CHLORIDES
250 mg/l
MORATORIUM ON DISPOSAL AT
MUNICIPAL WATER PLANTS 250 mg/l
TOTAL SULFATES
TOTAL BARIUM
10 mg/l
TOTAL STRONTIUM
10 mg/l
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRO-SHALE PROCESS (ESP)
TWO STAGE PROCESS
• 1st STAGE – REMOVES OIL/GREASE, ORGANICS
AND IRON
• 2nd STAGE – REMOVES TRACE ORGANICS AND
NONDESIRED INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS
• ESP EFFLUENT IS CLEAR AND ORGANIC FREE
• HIGH PURITY BRINE STREAM
FINAL STEP IS DISTILLATIVE RECOVERY FOR
SALEABLE SALT AND HIGH PURITY WATER
DISTILLATE
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT SYSTEM
BRINE WASTE
• COLLECTION SYSTEM
• EQUILIZATION
• pH ADJUSTMENT
• METALS REMOVAL
TREATMENT
SYSTEM
CLARIFICATION
REMOVES HEAVY
METALS, DIRT OIL &
GREASE AND LIMITED
ORGANICS
• LAMELLA FILTER
• SLUDGE THICKER
• FILTER PRESS
• FINAL EFFLUENT DISCHARGE
• FILTER PRESS SLUDGE
FINAL
DISCHARGE
CHLORIDES
ARE NOT
REMOVED
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRO-SHALE PROCESS w/ EVAPORATOR
UPGRADE
ESP ESP
PROCESS
DISTILLATION
• UPGRADED CONVENTIONAL
TREATMENT W/ ESP REAGENTS
REMOVES HEAVY
METALS, DIRT OIL &
GREASE AND SOME
ORGANICS - 80%
• EFFLUENT POLISH
• IMPURITY REMOVAL
• REMOVES BARIUM and STRONTIUM
• HIGH PURITY DISTILLATE
• SALEABLE BRINE SOLIDS
PHASE
POLISHING
1 – RECYCLE
STEP:
ORGANICS
WATER&W/
TRACE
METALS
CHLORIDES
REMOVED
TO
DRILLERS
• FINAL EFFLUENT SOLD TO DRILLERS
• BRINE SOLIDS SOLD TO 3dr PARTY USERS
FINAL
DISCHARGE
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
FEED WATER CHARACTERIZATION
RAW FEED
ITEM
VALUE RANGES
TDS
306,000
- 138,000
pH
7.4
- 5.4
TOTAL IRON
109
- 93
TOTAL CHLORIDE
185,600
- 130,000
TOTAL BARIUM
3,479
-
1,360
TOTAL STRONTIUM
5,420
-
3,600
CALCIUM
23,000
-
18,800
136
-
52
TOC
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRO-SHALE PROCESS RESULTS
%
ITEM
AVERAGE
EFF VALUE REMOVAL
TDS
CARBON DIOXIDE
TOTAL IRON
TOTAL CHLORIDE
TOTAL BARIUM
TOTAL STRONTIUM
CALCIUM
TOC
153,700
14.0
14.1
71.6
0.2
99.9
126,300
18.5
740
72.1
3,742
22.0
19,003
6.2
27
69.0
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
RAW
FRAC
WATER
ESP
EFFLUENT
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRO-SHALE PROCESS TEST RESULTS
ITEM
RAW
FEED
TDS
181,000
ESP 1&2
FINAL
%
DISTILLATE REMOVED
191,000
406
5.63
•THIS MEETS
THE 6.42
TOTAL IRON
NEW HIIGH143
TDS <0.1
TOTAL CHLORIDE
71,900
DISCHARGE78,000
LIIMITS
6.82
<0.1
99.93%
95
99.87%
pH
99.77%
TOTAL BARIUM
95.3
1.04
<0.1
99.89%
TOTAL STRONTIUM
108
7.94
<0.1
99.90%
OIL & GREASE
77.0
<5
<5
99.70%
TOC
62.76
0.61
<0.1
99.84%
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
Cost Effective Solutions For …. Today’s Problems
LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
Cost Effective Solutions For …. Today’s Problems
LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
BARNETT SHALE
TREATMENT OPTION
DISPOSAL - $1.47 TRANS;
$2.00 DEEP WELL FEE
DEEPWELL
THERMAL
ENERGY
$ 3.474
x
WATER RECYCLE - $ 2.52 @
80% WATER RECOVERY
x
$ 2.52
BRINE DISPOSAL - $3.47 @
20%
x
$ 0.69
WATER RECOVERY$ 1.35 BBL
TOTAL COST PER BARREL
RECOVERY SAVINGS
x
-$ 1.35
$ 3.47
$ 1.86
46.4%
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
MARCELLUS SHALE
TREATMENT OPTION
DISPOSAL - $10.50 TRANS;
$2.93 DEEP WELL FEE
DEEPWELL
$ 13.444
x
x
WATER RECYCLE - $ 8.40 @
70% WATER RECOVERY
x
$ 8.40
$ 10.50
$ 4.03
- 2.00
x
x
- 1.39
$ 13.44
$ 12.43
12.5%
$ 7.11
47%
•MOBILE PROCESSING IN
BRINE
- $13.44 @ SAVE x
THEDISPOSAL
FIELD WOULD
AN
30% ADDITIONAL $3.15 BBL
SALT RECOVERY- $50/TON;
80,000 mg/l Cl; 30%
TOTAL COST PER BARREL
RECOVERY SAVINGS
THERMAL ZERO
ENERGY DISCHARGE
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
SUMMARY…
ZERO DISCHARGE RECYCLING
TECHNOLOGIES WILL POSITIVELY
IMPACT MARCELLUS SHALE
DRILLING EXPLORATION.
PROVIDE VIABLE WATER
MANAGEMENT SOLUTION.
REDUCE COST AND ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT.
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