LisaMa'soo-Smith
DeptofAnatomy,UniversityofOtago
Trackinghumanmigra'onsthroughDNA
AllanWilson(1934-1991)
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BorninNgaruawahia
BScOtago
PhDUCBerkeley
TheWilsonLab
–  molecularevolu'on
–  molecularclock
–  mtDNA
–  ancientDNA
StructureofaCell
MitochondrialDNAvsNuclearDNA
YouinherityournuclearDNAfrombothofyourparents–onaverage50%fromeach
InheritanceofmtDNA
MtDNAisinheritedonlyfromyourmother.
MtDNAdoesnotrecombine(ormix)withpaternalDNA.
Mitochondrial“Eve”
basedonCann,Stoneking&Wilson1987
Anevolu'onarytree
frompopula'ons
aroundtheworld
basedonmtDNA
differences.
Tracedalllineagestoa
singlematernalline
thatexistedinAfrica
over150,000years
ago
Haplogroups
h]p://www.mcdonald.cam.ac.uk/gene'cs/links.html
LastGlacialMaximum(IceAge)
AncientDNAAnalyses
NeolithicExpansions&Replacements
h]p://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/media/images/77640000/gif/_77640634
_europe_ancient_farmers_20140917-01.gif
MesolithicWesternEurope
U5biscommon
Modernpopula'ons
Resultof
replacementduring
Neolithicandlater
BronzeAge
popula'ons
ProfPierreZalloua
LebaneseAmericanUniversity
2008
Ychromosomeanalyses(paternally
inherited)
Modernpopula'ons
J2haplogroupmarkersassociated
withPhoeniciancontact
Tyrianpurple
Murex
Cedar-Lebanon
Na'onalMuseumofCarthage
ByrsaHill–siteofPhoenicianacropolis
Tunis
1994
Carthage
Established813BCEbyQueen
ElissafromTyre(Lebanon)
DestroyedbytheRomansduring
3rdPunicwar,(149-146BCE)
Twocarvedsandstonesarcophagi
Amphorae
Ariche
1.7mtall
Aged19-24
6thcBCE
Puniclamp
AEuropeanmitochondrialhaplotypeiden'fied
inancientPhoenicianremainsfromCarthage,
NorthAfrica
mtDNAhaplotypeU5b2c1
Note:U5b2cisnotfoundin
modernLebanonorSyria,also
notrecordedinNorthAfrica
Ariche
Mostrecentresults:
Phoenician&PunicaDNAsamplesfrom
Beirut,SouthernSardiniaandIbiza
n=22
SampleID
Range
Haplogroup Location
SiteInfo
Coverage
MeanDP
MS10560
MS10562
MS10564
MS10565
MS10575
MS10577
MS10578
MS10579
MS10580
MS10581
MS10582
MS10584
MS10585
MS10587
MS10588
MS10612
MS10613
MS10614
56-16549;
56-16549;
56-16549;
56-16549;
56-16549;
56-16549;
56-16549;
56-16549;
56-16549;
56-16549;
56-16549;
56-16549;
56-16549;
56-16549;
56-16549;
56-16549;
56-16549;
56-16549;
T2b3+151 Beirut
H
Beirut
H1c
Beirut
R0a2n
Beirut
H34
Beirut
H5d
Sardinia
N1b1a5
Sardinia
J1c+16261+189
Sardinia
J1c+16261+189
Sardinia
W5
Sardinia
H3
Sardinia
H+16311
Sardinia
H1e1a6
Sardinia
X2b+226
Sardinia
H1bn
Sardinia
H3+152
Ibiza
U4a
Ibiza
T2b
Ibiza
Bey197Context30225/1/16
99.95 10.2921721
Bey198Cxt52912/2/2016
97.39 4.84694309
Bey198Cxt64412/2/16
100 45.4333394
Bey198Cxt504812/2/16
99.6 8.56171163
FAD10290/305434DrGeng22/1/16
100 19.4285714
Samplenumber1Tomb351Gravetyoe:pitinthegroundRitual:inhum
100 66.6108999
Samplenumber2Tomb344Gravetype:pitinthegroundRitual:inhum
98.13 5.75436055
Samplenumber3Tomb352Gravetype:pitinthegroundRitual:inhum
99.96 10.1564971
Samplenumber4Tomb358Gravetype:pitinthegroundRitual:prima
100 118.34649
Samplenumber5Tomb355Gravetype:pitinthegroundRitual:reduc
100 127.103446
Samplenumber6(also9,thoughthistuberemainsunlabelled,butsam
100 359.896675
Samplenumber8Tomb349Gravetype:enchytrismosRitual:inhumat
100 1225.79142
Samplenumber10Burial347Gravetype:pitinthegroundRitual:inhu
100 42.4732331
Samplenumber12Tomb354Gravetype:pitinthegroundRitual:inhu
100 21.848633
Samplenumber13Tomb357Gravetype:holeinthegroundRitual:inh
96.78 4.93041222
Sample3CalleLeon10-12(Ibiza)EstratoII(1983-84)Sitename:Carrer
100 59.3320056
Sample4CalleLeon10-12(Ibiza)Hip3BOCA(1983-84)Sitename:Car
99.26 7.30647595
Sample5Male,CanPortusd'esjurathipogeoca'smoli(Ibiza1973)Site
100 399.036091
FromAfricatoAotearoa
(viaLebanon)
ThebridalpartyofGabrielFarryandJamelieCoory
h]p://www.teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/2009/wedding-party
LisaMa'soo-Smith
UniversityofOtago
h]p://www.teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/
2005/the-lebanese-in-dunedin
W
V
2%
1%
LebanonmtDNA
X
A
0%
2%
U
12%
H
30%
T
10%
R
5%
N
K
5% M
9%
1% L JT
2% 0%
D
0%
DunedinLebanesemtDNA
J
9%
HV
i 8%
2%
T
N 6%
9%
U
21%
H
21%
X
9%
K
25%
J
6%
V
3%
The Levant Y chromosomes
(E1b1b1)
DunedinLebanese
Dunedin
J2
7%
I1
7%
R1b
20%
E1b1b1
13%
J1
53%
Funding and Institutional Support
JamesCookFellowshipAdministeredby