Name:
Unit 7 Interactive Vocab: The Great Depression,
FDR, and the New Deal
WORD
1. Great Depression (304)
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2. Black Tuesday (304)
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3. Speculation (304)
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4. Herbert Hoover (301)
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5. Hawley-Smoot Tariff (305)
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DEFINITION
An era, lasting from 1929 to
1940, in which the U.S. economy
was in severe decline and
millions of Americans were
unemployed
ANALYSIS
What were ONE of the causes of the
‘Great Depression’?
October 29, 1929: the day that
the stock market crashed
Preceded by Black Thursday
(October 24, 1929) where stocks
declined, people sold of shares,
and top bankers met on Friday
October 25 and bought stocks
above current market prices to
stop decline
Practice of making high risk
investments in hopes of
obtaining large profits
Investors speculating on stocks
with money they didn’t really
have is one cause of the Great
Depression
What practices led to the stock
market crash? (How were people
buying stocks?)
31st President of the United
States (Republican)
Led the country during the
beginning of the Great
Depression
Believed it is NOT the role of
government to step in and help
people
Why was Hoover blamed for the
Depression? (What was his view on
the role of government?)
Highest import tax in U.S. history
Attempt to protect domestic
industries from foreign imports
(help U.S. business)
Backfired because Europe raised
their tariffs, thus leading to a
slowdown in international trade
Why was this tariff so devastating
for European countries?
What was happening in the 1920s
stock market that made speculation
seem like a good idea? (term from
Unit 6 Vocab)
6. Dust Bowl (311-313)
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7. John Steinbeck (345)
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8. Dorothea Lange (344)
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9.
Mexican Repatriation Act (314-15)
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10. Huey Long (325)
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A natural disaster in the Great
Plains
Experienced an extended
drought in 1930’s that turned
soil to dust
Lasted for decades, leaving many
farmers without work or
substantial (livable) wages
Farmers driven from homes and
many went to California
Writer who recorded the misery
of the Great Depression
Wrote Of Mice and Men and The
Grapes of Wrath (both about
Dust Bowl migration)
His novel, The Grapes of Wrath,
was the best-selling novel of
1939
What would happen to all these
farmers moving to California?
Photographer who documented
people's lives during the
Depression
Hired by the government to
photograph effects of the Great
Depression for the Farm Security
Administration
The picture provided is one of
Dorothea Lange’s most famous
images
Authorized by President Hoover
Sent Mexican Americans to
Mexico during the Depression
since jobs were scarce
and non-Mexican Americans
needed jobs
Some were deported (sent back
unwillingly), others went back to
Mexico willingly
A southern senator who wrote
“Share the Wealth”, suggested
money should be taken from the
rich and re-distributed
Also wanted to increase tax on
the wealthy, provide better
yearly income for everyone, free
education, and free medication
Assassinated in 1935
Have you seen this image before?
How do you think the “Migrant
Mother” feels?
What do you think the tone of the
Grapes of Wrath was, if it is based
on the Dust Bowl?
Did the Mexican Repatriation Act
consider whether or not these
Mexican Americans were U.S.
citizens? Or deport anyone of
Mexican descent?
Do you think Huey Long was a
‘socialist’? Why or why not?
11. Hoovervilles (309)
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12. Reconstruction Finance
Corporation (RFC) (318)
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13. Bonus Army (319-321)
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14. Franklin D. Roosevelt (320-322)
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15. Eleanor Roosevelt (320)
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Makeshift communities or
shantytowns of the homeless
and unemployed
Mockingly named after President
Hoover because they blamed
him for Depression
After losing homes, people
would make shacks out of
leftover building materials in
open spaces
Established in 1932 by Hoover
Gave emergency loans to banks
and businesses because Hoover
believed cheap loans would spur
business
It granted over 2 billion dollars
to the local and state
governments
Hoover believed the money
invested would “trickle down” to
average Americans
Too little, too late
Group of WWI vets that
marched to D.C. in 1932 to
demand the immediate payment
of their government war
bonuses in cash
Happened during Hoover’s
presidency
General McArthur used tear gas
and tanks to push veterans out
of DC
Do you think it is fair to blame
Hoover for the Great Depression?
Why or why not?
Elected to four terms in office,
he served from 1933 to 1945,
and is the only U.S. president to
have served more than two
terms of office
Put people back to work using
government funds under his
“New Deal” platform
What was his political party? Why
would Americans choose someone
from this party at this time?
Wife of FDR
Major advocate of human rights,
peace, and political activist
Served as FDR’s eyes and ears by
traveling around the U.S.
What did Eleanor Roosevelt do as
First Lady to help the U.S.?
How would loaning money to major
economic institutions help the
economy? (Does this sound familiar
to a modern situation?)
Do you think it is right of the
veterans to demand immediate
payment? Why or why not?
16. New Deal (320-324)
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17. Deficit Spending (328)
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18. First Hundred Days (322)
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19. The “Brain Trust” (321)
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20. Fireside Chat (322)
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The name of President
Roosevelt's program for getting
the United States out of the
Depression
FDR pledged to “do whatever
was needed to help the needy
and promote recovery”
Does the New Deal increase or
decrease the power of the federal
government? Why?
A government's spending of
more money than it receives in
revenue
British Economist John Maynard
Keynes argued that deficit
spending was needed to end the
depression—putting people to
work on public projects would
put money into the hands of the
consumers who would then buy
more goods and stimulate the
economy
March 9, 1933--Congress began
a special session to review
recovery and reform laws
submitted by the President for
Congressional approval
New Deal legislation – the three
R’s – Relief, Reform and Recovery
Does our current government
practice ‘deficit spending’?
College professors, labor leaders,
lawyers, and social workers who
gave advice on policies
Told or advised FDR to be as
creative as possible in
developing new strategies and
programs to deal with crisis
Why would it be a good idea to ask
college professors, labor leaders,
lawyers, and social workers for
advice?
President F. Roosevelt's use of
radio broadcasts to
communicate to the people
He explained his policies in
simple conversational terms
Presented himself as an optimist
in order to restore public
confidence
Do you think this helped the public
endure or cope with the Depression?
How?
Why do you think most of the
legislation was passed in the first
100 days?
21. Emergency Banking Act of 1933
(322)
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22. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
(324)
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23. Public Works Administration
(PWA) (324, 327)
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24. Agriculture and Adjustment
Administration (AAA) (323)
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March 6, 1933 - FDR ordered a
bank holiday
Many banks were failing because
they had too little capital
(money), made too many
planning errors, and had poor
management
Banks were closed and
permitted to re-open only after
the government found banks to
be financially sound
Relief Legislation
Helped conserve natural
resources such as national parks
and forests
Gave jobs to young men
(250,000 men: ages 18-25), such
as planting trees and cleaning up
forests
Men lived in camps and received
free food
Sent pay to their parents
Relief Legislation
What former time period does this
legislation seem familiar to?
Began under Hoover and
continued under Roosevelt
Provided jobs and income to the
unemployed but couldn't work
more than 30 hours a week.
Created federal jobs by building
public projects such as schools,
roads, courts, post offices, and
bridges
Relief Legislation
Why was it important to get people
back to work, and why building
public projects?
A government agency created
because food prices were too
low due to overproduction
The AAA tried to combat falling
crop prices by paying famers not
to plant crops and to destroy
crops
Second AAA (1938)- government
bought farm surpluses and
stored them in warehouse until
prices went up
Recovery measure and program
Why would destroying crops help
crop prices?
Why would men be the only group
employed by the CCC?
25. Schechter Poultry v. US (1937) (331)
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26. Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation (FDIC)(322)
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27. Securities Exchange Commission
SEC
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28. Tennessee Valley Authority (323)
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Why would private businesses
U.S. Supreme Court case
challenge FDR’s reform and recovery
concerning a New Deal agency
(National Industrial Recovery Act efforts?
and Agricultural Adjustment Act)
Claimed President overstepped
his authority in the Constitution
Supreme Court held that
Congress could not give the
President more power than
those granted in the Constitution
Encouraged FDR to try the Court
Packing Plan
An independent federal agency
created by the Glass-Steagall
Reform Act
It insured bank deposits up to a
certain amount so that people
would not lose their savings if a
bank failed
Helped put faith back into the
banks
Today insures up to $250,000
A Reform program
Why would people not have faith in
banks in 1929?
Federal agency established in
1934 to supervise (watch over)
the stock market to prevent
fraud and guard against another
stock market collapse
Reform legislation
What event that occurred in 1929
was this agency created to prevent
from happening in the future?
An independent government
agency
Built a series of dams on the
Tennessee river that provided
flood control and hydroelectric
power to 7 southern states
Brought needed jobs to the
region and encouraged
investment
Relief and Reform legislation
How would the 7 states be impacted
by the TVA?
29. Social Security System (329)
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30. Wagner Act of 1935 (330)
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31. Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
(330)
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32. Mary McLeod Bethune
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Provided workers with
unemployment insurance, old
age pensions, and insurance for
if they die early
Implemented since the elderly
were the largest group in
poverty
Both workers and employers pay
contributions to fund these
benefits and receive them when
they reached retirement age
Reform Legislation
(AKA) National Labor Relations
Act—established National Labor
Relations Board
Recognized the right of
employees to join labor unions
and gave workers the right to
collective bargaining
Reform Legislation
Do you think the Social Security
System works well nowadays? Why
or why not?
Provided workers with additional
rights such as: minimum wage,
maximum work week, and made
child labor illegal
Minimum wage was originally
set at 25 cents and the
maximum work week was 44
hours
Should the government be able to
set a minimum wage? Why or why
not?
Part of FDR’s Black Cabinet
o Unofficial African
American advisors who
will rise to positions in
the Department of the
Interior
She became the first African
American female to head a
federal agency and a special
advisor on minority affairs to
FDR
What did many of the “black
cabinet”, like Mary Bethune, hope
FDR would do to affect civil rights in
the South?
Why was it still important to protect
worker’s rights during the
Depression?
33. Indian New Deal
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34. FDR’s Court Packing Scheme (331)
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35. Father Coughlin (325)
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Part of FDR’s new deal
Led by John Collier
Reversed old government
policies like the Dawes Act,
encouraging tribal practices
Included the Indian
Reorganization Act which
restored Tribal control over
Native American Lands
Do we still have issues affecting the
relationship between the federal
government and Native Americans
today? (If so what?)
Because the U.S. Supreme Court
was declaring New Deal
Legislation unconstitutional,
Franklin Roosevelt proposed a
plan to allow the President to
add new appointments to the
U.S. Supreme Court for each
justice over 70 ½
If adopted, Roosevelt could add
6 Justices, giving him control of
the U.S. Supreme Court
It never became a law
How would FDR’s court packing
scheme threaten the ’separation of
powers’? (see unit 1 vocab for help)
Catholic priest who used his
popular radio program to
criticize the New Deal
Wanted nationalization of banks
and utilities
Increasingly anti-Roosevelt and
anti-Semitic
Catholic Church took him off the
air
What is ‘anti-Semitic’ and how does
this relate to WWII? (may use
Google)