Industrial Revolution Review Sheet
Vocabulary to know:
Social Darwinism
Monopoly
Industrialization
Laissez Faire
Urbanization
Alexander Graham Bell
Thomas Edison
John D. Rockefeller
Andrew Carnegie
Cornelius Vanderbilt
J.P. Morgan
Wright Brothers
Tenements
Robber Barons
Haymarket Riot
Gilded Age
Collective Bargaining
Philanthropy
Samuel Gompers
Henry Ford
Assembly Line
Gospel of Wealth
Boss Tweed
Political Machine
American Federation of
Labor
Knights of Labor
Sherman Anti-Trust
Old Immigrant
New Immigrant
Quota Acts
Chinese Exclusion Act
Nativist
Short Answer Questions:
1) What were some reasons immigration
increased during the industrial revolution?
Immigrants wanted jobs and more opportunities (better
housing, better pay). They realized this may take a few
achieve but were willing to take the risk. Other reasons
included religious and political freedoms that the U.S.A.
schools, better
generations to
for immigration
had to offer.
2) List three results of the Industrial Revolution.
1- Urbanization
2- Pollution
3- Formation of Unions (improved working conditions and better
4- EVENTUALLY, higher standard
pay)
of living
3) Discuss why workers wanted to form unions? What were the goals of unions?
Workers wanted to form unions because it gave them greater power. If only
one person argues for better pay and working conditions, the boss will likely
not listen to them (and that worker often would get fired). If the entire
factory argues for better pay and working conditions, they are more likely
to meet their goals. This idea is known as collective bargaining.
The goals of unions were better
conditions.
pay, less working hours and safer working
4) How did the American Federation of Labor differ from the Knight of Labor?
The AFL was a union for SKILLED workers ONLY. They had "bread and
butter goals" which were the basic goals (better working conditions, better
pay and less working hours). The Knights of Labor was a union for both
skilled and unskilled workers. Their goals became too ambitious and were
not achievable. The AFL lasted while the Knights of Labor did not.
5) Discuss the idea of Social Darwinism. How does it relate to the industrialists
of the
Industrial Revolution?
Social Darwinism is the idea of survival of the fittest. The Industrialists
(owners) said they deserved to be wealthy because they worked harder and
were smarter than their workers were. The Industrialists used this idea to
justify their wealth.
6) Define laissez faire. Who would be in support of laissez faire and who would be opposed
to it?
Laissez faire - the government does not get involved in the business world.
"Hands off"l There are no government regulations (safety codes, minimum
wage, etc.) Industrialists (owners) would support laissez faire while the
factory workers would be against it.
Multiple Choice Questions
DUling the late 1800s, pools and trusts w r us d
by big business in an effort to
Speaker A: Feeding
and clothing the poor is a
mistake. Just as nature weeds out unfit
members, a capitalist society should be
allowed to do the same.
Speaker B: To provide for the common
good and
protect the people, the government
should pass laws to prevent the sale of
alcohol.
Speaker C: To promote
economic
growth
the
government
should
expand
United
States mark ts 0\ erseas.
Speaker D: Since
transportation
is a public
necessity, the government should own
and operate the railroads in the public
interest.
17 \\ hich speak r would most likely SUppOlt the
theory of Social Darwinism?
~
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D
In the lat 19th century critics of big business
claim d that monopolies
most harmed the
conomy by
(1) limitin com etitiol
(2) d creasing the urban growth rate
(3) preventing technological innovation
(4) failing to keep pace with European industries
In the late 19th century, the ideas of Social
Darwinism were used primarily to
(1)
ncourage
the passa ze of compulsory
ducation lav s
(2) explain the differences in income
oor
(3) urge Congress to end imrni zration
(4) SUppOlt the growth of new political parties
(1) increas impOlts
:... imit com) tition
(3) improve working conditions
(4) reduce corporate income taxes
The Interstate Comm rce Act (18 7) and th
Sherman Antitrust Act (1 90) were fforts by the
federal go ernm nt to
1) re uInt some as) cts of busines.
(2) expand th positive Features of the trusts
(3) fa\ or big business
(4) move tov ard go
industri
er small compani s
rnment own rship of ke
0\
s
\Vhich
factor
contributed
the
urbanization in the lat 1 OOs?
1 assimilation
(2) industrialization
most
to
(3) imperialism
(4) nullification
In the late 1 OOs, the principles of Social
Darwinism were most consistent with th ideas of
(1) Po oulism
:....laissez-Caire economics
(3) trustbusting
(4) utopian socialism
Th - theory of Social Dam ·niS111was oft n us d to
[ustif the
(1) creation of the Ku Klux Klan
ormation of busi ss monopolies
(3) use of strik s b labor unions
(4) passage of antitrust laws
In the lat 1 ODs,the creation of the Standard Oil
Trust by John D. Rock f ller was intended to
(1 orotect small. inc1 p ndent oil firms
(2) cOi1frolpnc sane practic . in the oil refining
business
(.3) increase competition among oil refining
companies
(4) distribut donations to charitable causes
Commi
ion
OUlt
The growth of big busin ss in th lat
resulted in
(1) a r duction in child labor
(2t the elimination of th middle class
3 -tl1e WiClning
rl
C011on11C gap
(4) a shift
in transportation
railroads to canals
in
1 ODs
stm nt from
On reason th
(AFL) was succ
1) 'f~cused 01
.11
Source: Frank Beard, The Judge, July 19, 1884 (adapted)
typ of business orzamzation
cliticized in this cartoon?
\i\ hich
is bing
1 mono )01
(2) multinational corporation
(.3) partnership
(4) proprietorship
the 1920s, the passag of the Quota Acts and
th trial of Sacco and \ anzetti illustrat that man
Americans were
111
1 intole"mt of ethnic minOJiti
(2) committed to racial int ration
(3) worried about foreign \\ ars
(4) d t rmin d to increase immigration
would this cartoonist
toward th
nit d Stat
than
large companies
to relocate
"n w
5 aft r
nativ e-born
standard of living than most
jobs
as
11a
our an wers to gu sttons 1 ' and HJ on the
passag b low and on your knowl dg of social studi s.
"... This then, is held to be the duty of th man
of Walth:
First to set an exampl of mod st,
unostentatious
living, shunning
displa
or
extrav aganc ; to prO\ ide mod rat I for th
legitimate \ ant of thos d p nd nt upon him;
and after doinv so to consider all surplus rev nues
which com to him simpl as trust funds, \ hich h
is called upon tol administ r, and strict] 1 bound as
a matt r of duty to administer in th mann r
which, in his judgment,
is b st calculat d to
produc
th
most b neficial re ults for th
community->- ... "
-
Andrew Carnegie, "Wealth," North American
Review, June 1889
1
th
responsibilit
of
(2) s rving man»
ars in th D d ral gO\ ernm nt
(3) inv tin hi fortun in sev 1"< I n w industri
(4) promotin
pr
ram
to b n fit th
\V
alth