Matter:
It’s what the world is made of.
What is matter?
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Matter is anything that has mass and
takes up space.
What do you know about matter?
Solids
Gases
Liquids
Plasma
Solids
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Solids have definite
shape and definite
volume.
Solids have mass.
Solids take up space.
Read more!
Particles in Solids:
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Are packed tightly
together
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Have very little energy
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Vibrate in place
Liquids
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Liquids take the shape
of their container and
have definite volume.
Liquids have mass.
Liquids take up space.
Read more!
Particles in Liquids:
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Are loosely packed
Have medium
energy levels
Particles flow around
each other
Gases
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Gases spread out to
fill the entire space
given and do not
have definite
volume.
Gases have mass.
Gases take up
space.
Read more!
Particles in Gases:
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Move freely
Have LOTS of
energy
Plasma
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Lightning is a plasma.
Used in fluorescent light
bulbs and Neon lights.
Plasma is a lot like a
gas, but the particles
are electrically charged.
Read more!
Particles in Plasma:
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Are electrically
charged
Have EXTREMELY
high energy levels
So… What does it MATTER?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Atoms and molecules are all composed of matter.
Matter is everything around you.
AND …
Oh… what is our next unit in
science class by the way??
STATES of matter?
What would it take for matter to move
from one state to another?
Energy determines the state!
Wait …Did you catch that??
What determines the state of matter?
Energy determines the state!
Add or Subtract Energy. . .
When energy is added, particles move faster!
When energy is taken away, particles move slower!
What will happen? Why?
Solid + Energy = ?
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When energy is
added to solids, they
become liquids!
Examples?
Liquid + Energy = ?
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When energy is
added to liquids,
they become gases!
What examples can
you think of?
Phase Change
"Phase" describes a physical state of matter.
key word – “physical”
Things only move from one phase to
another by physical means.
If energy is added (like increasing the temperature) or if
energy is taken away (like freezing something), you have
created a physical change.
When molecules move from one phase to another they are still
the same substance.
Phase Change
When molecules move from
one phase to another…
they are still the same substance!!
Vocabulary to Know
There are several names for matter changing
states:
Example:
Dry Ice is an example of the sublimation
process to occuring. The solid carbon dioxide
changes directly into gaseous carbon dioxide,
without going through the liquid state.
Causes of Physical Change
Changes in the physical state are related
to changes in the environment such as:
temperature
pressure
and other physical forces
Physical Change vs. Chemical Change
What do you notice?
Physical Change vs. Chemical Change
Physical Change = No Change to Molecules
Chemical Change = Changing the Molecules
Physical Change EXAMPLE
Step on a can and crush it?
a physical change
-
only the shape of the can changed
not a change in the state of matter
molecules in the can are still the same molecules
no chemical bonds created or broken
Chemical Change EXAMPLE
A candle burning?
a chemical change
-a wick and wax turns into ash/smoke
-new substances are formed
-the change cannot be “undone“
- In a chemical reaction, matter is changed
from one substance to another.
So, did we get something new?
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Ice cream and melted ice cream?
Chocolate and melted chocolate?
Ice, water, and water vapor?
Steel and molten steel?
Review Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
What state of matter has definite
volume and definite shape?
Describe the properties of liquids.
Describe the differences between
gases and plasma.
What is needed for states of matter to
change phase?
references
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_intro.html