_.
Patented Dec. 30,- 1924.
I 1,521,055
' UNITEDSTATES'"PATENT oer-‘ice.
‘
'rmaononn rnANgoIs v:rnssn, or rams, nuance, AssreNon 'ro soomrnnao'ron
nannies & DE mnsao, or s'r. oumr, rnancn, AND rmtononn rnanoorsmnssn,
or rams, amen.
COATED AEBDPLANE CLOTH AND PROCESS OF MAKING
No Drawing.‘ Application ?led October v4, 1916, Seriakgo. 123,640, I .Renewed December a, 1320." ‘Serial
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v
No.
To all whom, it may concern:
5
428,815.
tionedz‘ (a) the compounds of the'nfethyL.
Be it known that I, THEODORE FnANgoIs propylphenol series whos'e" boiling 'points"
Tnssn, of 69 Avenue des Ternes, Paris, Re are above 200°C. ‘and which are liquid at
public of France, docteur es sciences, have ordinary temperature, such as carvacrol,
invented a ‘Coated Aeroplane Cloth and boiling point 236° C'., carvol, boiling point
Process ‘of Making Same, of which the fol 225° C., or (b) the others of -monatomic
lowing is a full, clear, and exact description. phenols, having unsaturated lateral chains 60
This invention has for its object to provide . and their isomers and their methylderiva
'an' improved process of coating aeroplane tives, and of this class eugenol (‘boiling
cloths, namely the cloths forming the sur point 247° C.) and iso-eugenol. (boiling
faces of the wings of aeroplanes, by the em point 260°- C.) are bodies whi i have been
ployment of several layers each adapted to found vto be‘ especially useful. hese sub .65
produce certain desired e?'ects,vwhereby by stances nfay be used singly or in combina:
the combination of such layers, the desirable tion, and there is also preferably added a
effects of each are retained, and the several substance capable of increasing the/supple:
undesirable effects (which each of the said *ness and softness and1 ?exibility, such as tri
layers alone would have) are to a certain ex acetin and also to this mixture there is added‘
a'body capable of preventing the precipita
tent neutralized.
In carrying out the process of this inven tion of cellulose ester, such as benzylic
alcohol, or aceto-acetic ether. To this is also
tion I preferably proceed as follows:
Step 1. The cloth, already "on. the frame added an inert compound such.as pigment,
forming the wing, is ?rst treated with an for example zinc oxid, the function of which
_ impregnating solution, for whichpurpose a is to counteract any excessive softness pro
solution of cellulose acetate, in a volatile duced by the high boilingv point liquids in
solvent is employed, and which solution does the large'quantity in which. they are neces
‘
1
,
not necessarily contain ‘any. other ingredi sarily used. .
In thev resent invention, thereis also pref
ents. This solution is then allowed to dry,
that is to sav the solvent is allowed to evap erably a ded to this second coating composi
80
orate, and in evaporating and drying, the tion, ?nely pulverized metal, such as alumi
num, bronze or copper, etc. Of these, alu
'30 effect ofv what Qis technically known as minum
is of particular importance, and this
“stretching” is produced, that is'to say the
35
.
fabric is put into what might be considered metal is used‘ in the form' of an impalpable 85
as a “stretched” condition, or in other words powder.‘
The function of themetal is, to strengthen
the fabric is put under considerable tension.
Step 2. The second step of the process the coating, to render the coating more ?ex
consists in applying one or more layers of a ible, to still further reduce the in?amma
second coating, composed of a novel com
bility’of. the coating, and also it has a par
position, covered generically in my copend ticular effect on the visibility of the aero 90
in'g application (filed Jan. 30, 1918, Serial
No. 214,525) whichcomposition may carry 'The use of metallic powder allows of us- ‘'
plane.
40
45
’
'
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the pigment or color and ingredients capable ing‘ a somewhat larger proportion of the
of modifying the effect of the ?rst coating hi h boilin - oint li uids, without causin '
‘
g
above described, and the third coating to be thg cloths ti‘); liJecome slack.
To obtain a coating having su?icient
described below. The base of this second
composition is a‘ cellulose acetate solution elasticity, plasticity and softness, it has been
(or other cellulose ester solution) in a sol found that relatively large quantities of
vent of low boiling point, such as acetone-or high boiling point liquids are to be used and
methyl acetate, together with a combination in such conditions the’ tension of the cloth
of vliquids of high boiling points, which decreases in large proportion. ‘For counter
liquids are capable of imparting plasticity acting this detrimental e?ect, an inert ma
and elasticity to the cellulose acetate. terial is added in such pro ortions as to re
Among ‘such liquids the following are men store the strength of the coating and
100
1,521,055
egpeilcially also the necessary tension of the
c
ot
.
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,
cellulose acetate in 92 parts of acetone or
methyl acetate, to which there is added, per
100 kgs. of solution, 2 to 3 kgs. of im~
The example herein indicated shows ap
proximately the relative proportion of the palpable metallic powder, such as aluminum,
two classes of bodies, viz, high boiling point 2 to 5 kgs. of very ?ne and very light zinc
70
liquids and inert material whose proper oxid, and to 2 to 3 kgs. of eugenol, or one of
combination allows of obtaining the desired the other high boiling point liquids added,
result of plasticity, elasticity, softness, sup together with 1 to 2 kgs. of triacetin. There
pleness, resistance and strength in the coat 1s also added aceto-acetic ether or benzylic
ing, and at the same-time maintaining the‘ alcohol, for facilitating the formation of a
?lm. This mixture is thoroughly ground,
necessary’tension in the cloth.
The application of the coating composi for example in a paint mill.
In applying what is referred to as the
tion to the planes has the etl'ect of metalliz
'11
ing them and by rcflecting‘the light from second coating, in many cases it is ‘advis
the same, reduces the visibility of the aero able to apply several layers of the composi
plane, hence renders the determination and tion, and allow each layer to dry or par
80
' altitude of the aeroplane (by observers lo tially dry, before adding the next layer.
The bottom layer, which impregnates the
eated on the ground or a distance away)
much more di?icult. The metal particles fabric, and also the top layer, both consist
act as re?ectors for the rays of the sun, ing (after they removal of solvent) essen
thereby prevents the sun from penetrating tially‘ of cellulose acetate, are relatively
into the coating, and hence prevents such rigid. These layers serve also to prevent
decomposition of the components of the evaporation of the relatively non-volatile
coating as are produced or accelerated by liquids mentioned, which serve as plastici
the action of direct sunlight.
fying agents, agents imparting elasticity
_
The following particulars are o'iven to and suppleness to the cellulose ester, which
illustrate a suitable method of preparing also carries the inert material. The inter
the improved coating composition for the mediate~ layer is distinguished from the bot
tom and top layers of the composite coating
second layer: '
'
A solution of cellulose acetate in acetone in that this intermediate‘ layer is perma
or methyl acetate containing 70 to 80 gms. nently ?exible, and hence modi?es the effect
of the cellulose ester per litre is prepared. of the rigid layers, and is‘itself in turn af“
100 kgs. of this solution is mixed with 2 to fected thereby, so that the entire coating is
M U!
5 kgs. of pigment and preferably also 2 to simultaneously rigid and ?exible.
It is to be understood that the improved
3 kgs. of impalpable metallic powder (pow
dered aluminum, bronze, copper-or other ipetallic coating composition is capable of
eing used for numerous industrial purhaving a high boiling point as stated above, poses andthat the proportions‘ and nature
metal); 2 kgs. of eugenol or other liquid
10
'
2 kgs, of benzylic alcohol, and 1 to 2 kgs. of of its constituents may be modified accord
40
ing to such purposes, and it is also to be un
lriacetin are then added.
1O
The proportions of these liquids of high derstood that when metallic powders are
boiling points should be increased if it is employed as the inert substance, no chlori~
desired to produce very ?exible skins ‘or nated'products should be used as a solvent
coatings.
'
for the cellulose ether.
,
The process of the present‘ application
' After allowing this second coating to dry,
it is “pounced” or rubbed down very constitutes an improvement upon that de
slightly, or is very ‘lightly sand-papered. scribed and claimed in my copendin'g appli
cation 71,2()1, ?led Jan. 10, 1916, of which
This produces a dead ?at surface.
Step 3. There is ?nally applied to the fab the present case is in part a continuation.
114
ric treated as above, a third coating, having .I claim:
1. A process of coating fabrics, which
the same or substantially the same composi
tion as the ?rst coating above referred to. comprises applying thereto in succession,
By this application of a third coating, there three coatings, as follows :--?rst,' a solu- 1
is produc d the effect of imprisoning the tion in a volatile solvent containing a. cellu
second eoa ing, between two closely adherent lose ester as a base‘; second, a coating com
position comprising a cellulose ester, liq
?lms of cellulose acetate.
Without limiting myself to the particular uids of high boiling point capable of im
(ill
details given, and for the sake of illustra parting plasticity, elasticity and suppleness, '
tion only, the following examples of the coat and capable of preventing the precipitation
ing compositions are given. The ?rst and of the cellulose ester, such components 'be.~
third ‘coating solutions may be composed of ing dissolved in a volatile solvent, and a
‘about 8 parts by weight of cellulose acetate ?ne metallic powder; and third, a solution
-'in 92 parts of aretone or methyl acetate. in a volatile solvent containing a cellulose
' The second and intermediate coating com~ ester as a base; allowing each of the ?rst
65
position may contain 8 parts by‘ weight of two coatings to dry before applying the next
1,621,055
3
.
A
coating, whereby the second ?exible coating ing each of the ?rst two coatings to dry
is imprisoned between two layers of more before applyin the next coating, whereby
'i '
the second ?exi le coating is imprisoned be- -
rigid cellulose ester.
v2..A process which comprises coating a tween two layers‘of more rigid cellulose
5 fabric with a succession of coating layers,
7. A process which comprises coating a
an intermediate one of said coating layers
comprisin a cellulose ester and a'plurality fabric with a succession of coatings, ah in—
ester.
of normally non-volatile liquids capable of
imparting plasticity, elasticity and supple
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70
termediate one of said coatings comprising '
a cellulose ester, ‘a normally. non-volatile
1 O ness, and capable of preventing the precipita liquid capable of imparting plasticity and
> tion of the cellulose ester, and another liquid elasticity, and another liquid having a boil- -
capable of imparting softness and ?exibility, ing point not below 100° 0., and capable of
and a ?ne metallic powder, such intermediate preventing precipitation of the cellulose
layer being imprisoned between layers of ma ester, 'such intermediate layer being im
teréial substantially impervious to such liq prisoned between layers of material substan.
20
m
s.
tially impervious to such liquids.
.
3. A process which comprises coating a _ 8. A process which comprises ?rst stretch
fabric with a succession of coating layers, ing the fabric on a frame, and thereafter
an intermediate one of said'coating layers coating such fabric with a succession of
comprising "a cellulose, ester and a plurality coatings, an intermediate one of said coat
of normally non-volatile liquids capable of ings comprising a cellulose ester of a fatty
imparting ‘plasticity, elasticity and supple-' acid, a normally non-volatile liquid capable
ness, and capable of preventing the precipi of imparting plasticity and elasticity, and
tation of the cellulose ester,.and another liq another liquid capable of imparting soft- ,
uid capable of imparting softness and ?exi ness and ?exibility, such intermediatelayer .
bility, and ?nely powdered aluminum, such being carried between two closely adherent
intermediate layer being carried between layers of less ?exibility and of greater rigid
two closely adherent layers of less ?exibility ity,’ whereby a coated structureis provided
30
and of greater rigidity, whereby a structure having a desired degree of I’ rigidity and
is provided having a desired degree of rigid
ity and ?exibility.
4. A fabric forming the covering of an
aeroplane, said fabric being provided with
3
no '
a composite coating comprising a succession
, of at least three layers’ of compositions hav
?exibility.
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.
_
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,
9. A fabric forming the covering of a
wing of ‘an ‘aeroplane, said fabric being pro
vided with a composite coating comprising a
succession of at least three layers of com
positions each having a fatty acid ester of
ing a’fatty acid ester of cellulose as a base, cellulose as a base, an intermediate one of
an intermediate one of which layers has a which layers has a greater elasticity and
greater elasticity and ?exibility than the ?exibility than the outer layers, and which
outer layers, and which contains a ?nely-di
vided metal.
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contains a solid. inert material.
10. A fabric provided with a composite, 105
5. A fabric having a composite coating coating comprising asuccession of at least
comprising a succession of at least three three layers of composition containinga cel
layersof material including a‘cellulose ester luloseester of a fatty acid, an intermediate
of a fatty acid, an intermediate one of which one of which layers has as an ingredient
layers containsmetal in the form of an im thereof, a?liquid of high boiling point ca
110
palpable. powder and has as ingredients pable of increasing the plasticity and elas-y
.\ thereof, liquids of high boiling points in ticity of cellulose ester composition, another
‘ cluding one which is capable bf imparting liquid capable of increasing the suppleness
plasticity and elasticity, another which is and ?exibility of cellulose ester composition,
capable of increasing the'suppleness .and and another liquid capable of’ preventing
softness and ?exibility and another which precipitation of cellulose ester in such com~ ,
is capable of preventing the precipitation position,-'the evaporation of which liquids
of the cellulose ester, the evaporation of .is' prevented by the imprisonment of suc
' which‘liquids is‘ prevented by the imprison;
layer be ween the outer layers.
' , '
11. A’ii‘rocess of impermeabilizing fabrics
ment of such layer between the outer layers.
6. A process of coating fabrics, which which comprises ?rst applying thereto a so
comprises applying thereto in succession, lution of’ a cellulose ester,’ drying, then ap
three coatings, as follows :'—.?rst, 'a solution plying a solution of a fatty acid ester of cel
in a volatile‘ solvent containing’a' cellulose lulose, in a volatile solvent, said solution
60 ster as a base; second, a coating‘ composi containing ‘as ingredients, non-volatile liq?
._tion comprising a cellulose ester, liquids of‘ uids having high boiling'points including an
vhigh .boiling points,v a volatile solv?ant for agent capable of imparting elasticity and
‘ suchl'constituents, and an inert .materi al- - plasticity,jan agent-capable of increasing the
T", and third, a solution in a ‘volatile solvent: suppleness and softness and ?exibility, ,' and
m’ containing a cellulose ester as a base; allow
1
.a. substance capableof preventing the pre
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a
1,521,055
' cipitation of the cellulose‘ esteri during the acid. anda; normally, non-volatile liquid ca-c
, evaporation of the volatile solyentasuch Isoe .pable of imparting plastieityand;elasticity,;I’ '
' 1 I ‘lutio'n' being; combined with; an inert , mate»_
V
‘such intermediatelayeri being carried be~
c
"rial,- and allowing the" Volatile solvent to tween ‘two. ‘closely.’ adherent layers of less ,
evaporate, and‘ ?nally, applying a surface ?exibility and of great rigidity, whereby; a; - _ I I I _ I .
.
'
' coating
of a . solution ‘of cellulose ester of: a, whole is provided having a desired degree I -
fatty acid, ‘ and drying.
Vtlie ‘fabric forming
of rigidity and ?exibility
.
, _ ,
,
,
,
16: A fabric carried und e'rI tension 7 upon .a
' 12. In: the coating. of
. the coverings of an aeroplane, the ‘herein. d'e-r ; framework of; an, aeroplane ‘element having
‘scribed improvement which comprises zap a plurality .of- dried‘ coating ‘layers :there- i ' ;
- ' ; ‘plying , a ? succession; of coating layers, the,
upon,gtl1e base of such coatinglayers being
j outer comprising a cellulose ‘ester base, and‘ a cellulose :ester and : an : intermediate one of
"another comprising cellulose ester ‘With other thes'aid layers iin'thei-r ?nal dried‘ state hay-I , I
agent's capable; of preventing i precipitation ing a greater degree of vsoftness,= suppleness,
and‘ of imparting plasticity, elasticity de~1 plasticity : and; I elasticity, than , the ~, outer
I
'gree of: softnessyand suppleness; one of said
fabric carried under tension upon
i
‘coating layers carrying :apigment.
framework;
_.
of an aeroplane element,- hav~
' 13. The method of treating ‘aeroplane. and l f a‘i .17
"Vii:I'Isimilar-fabricseonsistingof applyinga com .inga; plurality of dried coatinglayersthere-p '
layers. v
' H"
=
~
7
;, I
I- i -I I T
I ~ I
I position comprising eelluloseesteriin awola» I upon, the base , of such _ coating ~ layers being
tile solvent, applylng a'second‘compositioni a cellulose estelg; an intermediate one; of; the’ : ,
, ,
"I:"-'- “Pei I:comprisingcelluloseiesterandastab?mmg said layers in their?nal dried state having _ 1 ‘ingredient in a: volatile‘solvanlg: andIapply-1: :a ; greater ; degree i026 ; softness, =, .suppleness, I
"
"ing‘a ?nish protective coating.‘
'
I I
‘5T : ' i 14;.- I'The' method ofztreatingneroplane ‘and,
similar fabrics consisting of applying a4 com
~
= plasticity and. elasticity: than the outer laye: I
.ers, and at least one of such layers carrying:
a
:1 position: comprising relatively non-in?ame "
pigment ‘as: an- ingredient‘ . ; ' I , >I , I,
,
:
,
,
The =foregping speci?cation of my5 coating;
‘ : - mable ; cellulose ester. and: applying to, $110111 ; eO’mpositi-onand process of applying same, i : c
‘ ~
I
coated structure af separate: protective coat-C intended more; particularly :for co'atingaero»
' , ' r mg : contammg; material} opaque, to act1n1o~
rays
I
~15. A. process lwhich comprises,‘ ' ?rst '
' -' stretching the ‘fabric on" a frame: and there- ,
' after ‘coating = such ‘fabric with a succession
of coatings, an intermediate one‘ of said _coat~
ings comprising a cellulose ester of a fatty
plane cloths, signed by me this 14th day. of.
September,‘ 1916. ,
,
'
Iqmnnononn'rnanoors rnssn.;._i
, =