C H . 3 Creating Anglo-America, 1660–1750
96
GLOBAL COMPETITION AND THE
EXPANSION OF ENGLAND’S EMPIRE
EASTERN NORTH AMERICA IN THE SEVENTEENTH
AND EARLY EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES
Gulf of
St. Lawrence
hig
Mi c
Quebec (1608)
PENOBSCOT
NEW FRANCE
u ro n
Lake
R.
ABENAKI
Lake
KENNEBEC
Champlain
HURON
OTTAWA
MOHAWK
Lake Ontario
OTTAWA
ce
ren
aw
Montreal
ke H
an
La
St.
L
Lake Superior
ONEIDA
ONONDAGA
Fort Orange
CAYUGA
Van Rensellaer Estate
SENECA
Erie
NEW
Lake
TUSCARORAIROQUOIS
y
nd
Fu
f
Port Royal
y o (1606)
Ba
NEW
HAMPSHIRE
NARRAGANSETT MASSACHUSETTS BAY
(1629–1630)
Boston
PEQUOT
PLYMOUTH (1620)
NETHERLAND Hartford
(1624) Narragansett Bay Providence (1636)
New Haven (1638)
RHODE ISLAND (1636–1643)
DELAWARE
New Amsterdam
West Mystic
PENNSYLVANIA
(May 26, 1637)
NEW YORK
WESTERN
DELAWARE
(1681)
Wilmington
(Fort Christina)
Baltimore
SHAWNEE
(1664)
CONNECTICUT (1636–1639)
Philadelphia
MARYLAND (1632)
THE CHESAPEAKE
Jam
e
UPPER
CHEROKEE
s R.
Henrico
Williamsburg
Jamestown
VIRGINIA
(1607)
CATAWBA
MIDDLE
CHEROKEE
UPPER
NATCHEZ
LOWER
NATCHEZ
Raleigh expedition to
Roanoke Island (1585)
YAMASEE
Atl anti c
O cean
LOWER
CHEROKEE CAROLINA
(1663)
Charles Town
(Charleston)
GEORGIA
(1732) Savannah
CREEK
0
0
By the early eighteenth century, numerous
English colonies populated eastern North
America, while the French had established
their own presence to the north and west.
100
100
200 miles
200 kilometers
(1585) Date of settlement
Dutch settlement *English from 1664
English settlement
French settlement
Spanish settlement
the first Navigation Act, which aimed to wrest control of world trade from
the Dutch, whose merchants profited from free trade with all parts of the
world and all existing empires. Additional measures followed in 1660 and
1663. England’s new economic policy, mercantilism, rested on the idea that
England should enjoy the profits arising from the English empire.
According to the Navigation laws, certain “enumerated” goods—essentially