CELLULAR RESPIRATION
How Do Organisms Get Energy From Food?
PAGE 9
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Animals cannot make their own food like plants can.
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But, ___________ plants and animals must break down (digest) food in order to get
energy from it (so they can live, grow, & develop)
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Cells do this 2 ways: cellular _______________ and __________________
Cellular Respiration Produces ATP
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Energy obtained from food must be transferred into ___________.
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This is done through cellular respiration.
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Oxygen speeds up the process = ___________________
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Can be done _________________ oxygen = ________________________
Cellular Respiration
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Cellular Respiration = chemical process that happens in cells
In prokaryotes, it happens in the cell membranes
In eukaryotes, it happens mostly in the mitochondria
Cellular Respiration has 3 Main Stages
1. GLYCOLYSIS
2. CITRIC ACID CYCLE (KREB’S CYCLE)
3. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
STAGE 1 – GLYCOLYSIS
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Glycolysis = ________________ is broken down in the cytoplasm of the cell.
ATP is made.
Glycolysis uses two ATP molecules but it produces four ATP molecules = net gain of
two ATP molecules.
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Glycolysis can occur WITH or WITHOUT oxygen
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WITH OXYGEN
-__________________________ (Produces more ATP than without)
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WITHOUT OXYGEN = FERMENTATION
-__________________________ (Small amounts of ATP produced)
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So most eukaryotes (ex: plants & animals) get their energy through cellular respiration
In Stage 2, More ATP is Made by Aerobic Respiration
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______________ _____________ = A series of reactions that produce ATP
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Aerobic = Oxygen
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AKA = Citric Acid Cycle
Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain
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Makes ______________
Occurs in the membranes of ____________________________
Aerobic Respiration
No oxygen? Then Fermentation follows Glycolysis
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Two kinds of fermentation
1. Lactic Acid Fermentation
2. Alcoholic Fermentaion
Lactic Acid Fermentation
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Vigorous exercise produces a build up of pyruvate in muscles
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Pyruvate converts to lactate in the ___________________ of oxygen
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______ is still produced in glycolysis BUT you will likely be sore due to a build up of
____________________.
Alcoholic Fermentation
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PAGE 10
In other organisms, pyruvate is broken down into __________________________.
Can be done by _______________
Two step process:
1. Pyruvate is broken down which releases CO2.
2. Electrons are transferred and ethanol is produced.
Summary
https://eapbiofield.wikispaces.com/Chapter+9+Cellular+Respiration-Harvesting+Chemical+Energy+AK
Review of Cellular Respiration
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Food (glucose) is broken down into CO2 and H2O and energy is released
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C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy (ATP)
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This energy can be used for:
-Keeping a constant body temperature
-Storage (ATP) - to be used later for things like growth
Photosynthesis vs Cellular Respiration
What Do You Notice?
Gotta Get That ATP Questions
1. Glucose needs to be converted to ____________.
2. ATP is used for ______________.
3. What the first stage of Cellular Respiration called? ________________________
4. Where does the Citric Acid Cycle happen (organelle)? _________________________
5. What is the last step called? LOTS of ATP is made during this step.
________________________ _________________________ ________________________