Rochester Institute of Technology
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Thesis/Dissertation Collections
10-13-1998
Egyptian Art
Ekrem Bigat
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Rochester Institute
A thesis
of
submitted
to the
of
Technology
Faculty
of
the College
Sciences in candidacy for
the degree of master of Fine Arts
Imaging Arts
and
Title
By
:
:
Egyptian Art
Ekrem Cetin Bigat
October
13, 1 998
Thesis Committee
Chief Adviser
Jim Ver Hague
date:
..... 0 0
led. / I, I D
Associate Advisor
Heinz Klinkon
date:
Associate Advisor
Heidi Nickisher
_
date: _1_2_ff_7_1't_~_
Chairperson
Nancy Ciolek
date:
I 2-' / 7·
ac.t::>()
I, Ekrem Cetin Bigot, prefer to be notified each time a
request for production is made at the following address:
11 8 Falmouth St. Apt. # 1
Rochester, NY 146 15
Ekrem Cetin Bigot
date :
,2
I , 7/ 'i ~
Special thanks to
This thesis
and report would not
without a great
Jim
:
deal
Ver Hague
Robert Keough
Heinz Klinkon
Heidi Nickisher
Gonul Bigat
Reda F. Choukairi
of support.
have been possible
I would like to thank to;
Table
of
Contents
Introduction
6
Research
Research
Design
data
screen layout
and analysis
systems of
Interface design
8
Procedure
Opening
Menu
Layout
and
Grid
Navigation
Animation
23
Conclusions
29
Appendix
30
Bibliography
31
1f%
n
s
~g|
m
i
1
\
i
_}
"Explore the
wonders of ancient
times"
Introduction
The
Egyptian
main purpose of
time periods,
icance
text, graphics,
art with
designed for the
of
people who are
hieroglyphs. This
the project, the
as well as
the
of
which
because it
the
One
3D
music and
combines
the
animation.
report will
touch
the
upon
in the research,
project
is
subject and signif
and
the
procedure
project.
interactive
communication sys
and retrieve visual and
most
important
of
claims
the
a unique environment
This
show
interested in Egyptian art, symbols, gods,
transmit,
of
interactive CD to
create an
a class of computer-driven
create, store,
information.
is to
areas covered
outcome of
Multimedia is
tems
this thesis
technology of video, audio
for interactivity, learner control
and
auditory
networks
multimedia
is that,
computers, it
and student
offers
interest
and
motivation.
Multimedia
sistent.
packages should
All information
animation,
be
should
be kept
simple, clear,
provided on
and sound maintain student's
learning fun.
the
interest
Colors,
screen.
without
concise and con
graphics,
being distractive.
technology love it
since they can see the things and learn from it easily because of its game-like
quality.
Using this technology is more interesting and fun than using a book
Multimedia
when
it
comes
makes
to getting
This thesis
to
create
this information
provides general
mation, graphics,
skills
all
users will
about
text
The final
project.
be
and
who use
anyone above
INTRODUCTION
6
this
across.
information
images, illustrations,
this interactive
ROM. The target
People
Egyptian Art.
The
ani
needed advanced computer
work
the
is in the form
age of
7 to
up.
of a CD-
The
program provides students with
for
the
material and
its
presentation
is
be willing to become mentally and emotional
ly involved. The program's use of basic graphic design as well as a variety
of stimuli such as color, sound, and animation in both its presentation and
feedback screens greatly enhances its effectiveness.
interesting
enough
them to
INTRODUCTION
7
RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS DATA
I
started
information
which provide
all
be
Wallace
Library
information, I
the
fitting
searching the internet.
I found many
Egyptian time periods, gods,
Egyptian Museum. Also, from the
continued
tried to
Egyptian
search on
my
arrange
data into
art.
groups which
sites
hieroglyphics,
library
public
After reviewing
I first considered
to my thesis.
Although this
how
about
I
by
about
egyptian art and
symbols,
and
research
my
to
project
arrange
the
had been defined into five parts, I was concerned
action of each item for the right portion, but I also
how to assemble them together. I came up with the scope of con
taining data for each portion (see flow chart 1).
The first section was a time line, which consists of the Early Dynastic
considered
Period, The Old Kingdom, The Middle Kingdom, The New Kingdom, The Late
Period, and The Greco Roman Period.
The second section was Egyptian Gods, which are Amun, Anubis,
Hathor, Isis, Khnum, Osiris, Ptah, and Ra.
The third
mation
movie
works as
if
section was
depicting
one was
The fourth
three
the Egyptian
the inside
the
of
walking inside the
section
was
Museum.
It
consisted of a
3D
ani
museum and one could see all art
museum
in
real
Egyptian Hieroglyphics
life.
which
is divided into
Phonetic signs, determinative signs, and monoliteral
The fifth section was Egyptian Symbols which are Tree,
parts:
signs.
Djed, Shen,
Udjat Eye, Shenu, Primordial Hill, Maat, Pet, and Ankh.
I also needed to consider an effective medium to catch the user's eye.
The Macintosh computer had the most potential for my work. It supported all
necessary
I
software
used
the
following
4 for editing text,
and
for creating my
Adobe Illustrator 7, Adobe Photoshop
images. I picked Strata Studio Pro 1.5.2
applications:
graphics, and
Multimedia Director 6 to
all sound and
work.
background
produce
music
2D
and
3D
animation.
using SoundEdit 1 6.
RESEARCH
8
And I
Also,
I
edited
created
the
background
music
Finally,
for
6
designing interactivity
on
Macromedia Director
for assembling a variety
a
synthesizer.
of media
into
a
single,
RESEARCH
9
authoring
and
the
in
user
Lingo
interface,
compact piece.
with
and
DESIGN SYSTEMS OF SCREEN LAYOUT
This
access,
I
learn,
to
need
multimedia
sider
how
ject's
goal and
to
interact
and
arrange
compose
in this
provides
with
the
these
subject
It
and
it
in
which
a
user
can
Egyptian Art. Not only did
QuickTime movies, but also had to con
it unique,
shaped
by the
pro
contained.
into five
was
main
important to
free to jump to various menus,
back link on the lower right corner of
always
the
ways
about
elements and make
content
project.
several
information
text, graphics,
I divided the
options
project
which
give users
main
the
topics
the
function. In
screen
if
became
sense
next
that
the
main
they
were
level,
users wanted
to
I
made a
return
to
main menu.
Main
/\
/\
/\/\/\
\/
Section A
-^
Section B
^k.
Section C
-^;
Section D
Section E
I
the
also
screen
have
to
quit
a quit
from
link
the
on
the
main menu
project.
) Quit
Main
RESEARCH
10
in the bottom
right corner of
Interface Design
Multimedia
such
should provide good
the
A
CD-ROM presentations,
information
and
Interface design is the
content.
gram.
as
graphical
user
sense: an awareness of
interface
layout,
help
users
requires
color,
learn,
important
most
a
and
training
programs
and navigate through
part of
any
basic
good
software pro
graphic
texture, imagery, signs, icons,
design
symbols
and animation.
Additionally, interactive content presents two design challenges: mak
ing the material interesting and making it easy to locate. The more familiar
an interface becomes, the easier it will be to learn and use. This applies to
the design of controls, typography, symbols, icons, charts, maps, diagrams,
illustrations,
photos, videos, any underlying
grid
structure,
and color relation
ship.
All data
ed
in
a
and
way that
functions
users can
The tools for
should
easily
be appropriately
navigate
navigation-such as
organized and present
through the
menus,
contents.
dialog boxes,
and control pan
data and functions appear simple. Appropriate organiza
tion of content and layout help users to navigate and interact in an effective
way. The appearance, the caption, and the size of the buttons are all aspects
els-should
that tell
make
users
how
Planning
different
to
control movement within
process
for
an
than the traditional
be done using
outline, using
several
model.
methods,
an alphabetical
appropriate method should
ment
the complexity
of
interactive
the
both
project
Planning
match
make
is very important
these typical
a
topics
the ability to
content.
RESEARCH
11
project.
building
such as
index to
the
flow
and
very
relationships can
chart, creating
more accessible.
an
The
organize and comple
Early
Dynastic Period
Old Kingdom
egyptian
timeline
Middle Kingdom
New Kingdom
Late Period
Greco-Roman Period
egyptian
hieroglyphics
Photenic Signs
Determinative Signs
Minoliteral Signs
Ankh
Pet
Maat
Primordial Hill
egyptian
symbols
Shenu
Udjat Eye
main
Djed
Shen
Tree
Amun
Anubis
Hathor
egyptian
gods
Isis
Khnum
Osiris
Ptah
Ra
egyptian
museum
EGYPTIAN TIMELINE
Civilization in Egypt
grouped
into large
started around
periods.
The three
3000 BC. The dynasties
major pharaonic periods
are now
being
the
:
Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom.
These three eras all eventually ended in periods of decline known respectively
as the First, Second and Third Intermediate Periods. The last two periods are
The Late Period and Greco-Roman Period.
Early Dynastic Period
:
First
united
kingdom
of ancient
Egypt. The
known hieroglyphic writing dates from here. This period began with
a 0 Dynasty, which had as many as 1 3 rulers,
ending with Narmer about
3100 BC followed by the 1st and 2nd dynasties about 3100-2755 BC, with
at least 1 7 kings. Some of the earliest massive
mortuary structures were built
earliest
at
Saqqara, Abydos,
and elsewhere
Old Kingdom
:
during
The Old Kingdom
the 1st
and
spanned
five
2nd dynasties.
centuries of rule
by
dynasties. The 3rd Dynasty marked the beginning of
a golden age of cultural freshness and vigor.
Egyptian civilization reached
a peak in its development, and this high level was generally maintained in
the 5th and 6th dynasties. The 7th Dynasty marked the beginning of the First
Intermediate Period. The period from Dynasties 7 to 10, is also known as the
the 3rd through the 6th
Heracleopolitan Period.
Middle Kingdom
Dynasty.
Dynasty.
:
Great irrigation
Attempts
were
The Middle Kingdom began
were
projects
the
during
undertaken
eleventh
the twelfth
Fayum, and reservoirs and
King Sesostris 2nd, and Amenemhat 3rd. The
made
canals were constructed under
with
to irrigate the
Second Intermediate Period includes Dynasties 14-17.
New Kingdom : The Empire Period. Dynasties 18-20, and is con
The Third
sidered by many to be the golden age of Egyptian civilization.
Intermediate Period includes Dynasties 21-24.
Late Period
the time that
Dynasty
many
has
:
The 25th
come
to
through the
be known
achieved a renaissance of
other aspects of
ganeclassical ages.
traditional
During
as
31
the
Egyptian
Egyptian
Dynasties
st
dynasties
civilization.
13
or
Saite,
from
remained under
Egyptian
during
Art, language
culture were resurrected
native
RESEARCH
Egypt
Late Period. The 26th
27-30, Egypt
rule, occasionally succeeding in placing
ruled
rulers on
and
by
Persian
the throne.
Greco Roman Period
BC.
of
Roman Egypt
the army
past.
and
official
mainstay
vest of grain
Egypt
was governed
judge
but
was also an
Christian
of
also
by
a
prefect,
were similar
Egypt
controlled
whose
to those
duties
the
of
around
332
as commander
pharaohs of
the
period was
for its
important
manasticism.
mainstream
The Romans
relatively peaceful. Egypt became an
the Roman Empire not only because of its annual har
Egypt in the Roman
economic
:
Christianity
and other manufactured products.
glass, metal,
Its Coptic
in the 5th
early Christendom and the first one
Monophysite church separated from
of
center of
or
century.
B.GODS
AMUN
Cult Center: Thebes, the
temples
of
Luxor
and
Karnak.
Attributes:
fertility
god.
Early,
The
a god of calm and wind.
of all
creator
New Kingdom he became "The
things.
king
of
Later,
During
the
by two tall
plumes.
A ram,
the
gods".
Representation: A bearded Man wearing
surmounted
a
a
headed
cap
man,
or a ram-headed sphinx.
Relations: Self
created
Believed to be the
RESEARCH
14
at
physical
the
father
beginning
of all
of
time.
Pharaohs.
ANUBIS
Cult Center: Thinis, Lycopolis, quickly spreading
throughout Egypt.
Attributes: Guardian of the Necropolis. He was
the
guide of
the
darkness
the
magic, it
dead
the
of
was
as
believed he
role he was
with
the embalming
believe him
Son
of
be
the
to
As
the
a
Isis
help
of
person's
announcer of
medicine.
to
patron
a
foresee
could
and
death.
He
was also
He
provided
Nephthys
and
Osiris.
of
Representation: A
A dog or a jackal.
Relations:
their way through
of embalming.
herbs
rare
made
underworld.
destiny. In this
Anubis was the patron
the keeper of poisons
unguents and
they
man with
Nephthys
son of
head
the
and
jackal.
of a
Osiris,
some
Seth.
HATHOR
Cult Center: Dendera
throughout Egypt.
and
Attributes: Because her workship stretches back to
pre-dynastic times, we find Hathor identified with
many local goddesses,
goddesses were
her playing
the west,
ty,
an
the
agricultural
of
and
Hathor
with
was
women,
men
RESEARCH
15
said
sky-goddess,
a
a
goddess of
no matter
women
identified
their
find
a goddess of
goddess
midwife.
the
all
we
a goddess of
and
the
that
At times
Hathor.
was considered
Period, dead
Hathor,as
be
can
moisture,
and
pregnant women
the Late
it
goddess,
love. She
patron of all
of
role of a
a goddess of
underworld.
hood,
forms
and
joy,
the
fertili
of
the
mother
protectress
She
station
was
in life.
the
In
identified themselves
with
Osiris.
ISIS
Cult Center: A temple is dedicated to her on the
Island of Philae, near the first cataract.
She is
revered
throughhout Egypt.
Attributes: Isis is
tant
the
goddess
feminine
ancient
before
revered
by
the
earliest and most
Egypt. She
counterport
bly occupied
was
in
the
one of
to
Osiris,
dawn
of
the Egyptian
its
most
a role she proba
dynastic Egypt. She
the
as
the
great
maternal spirit
in
intimate form.
Representation: A
hieroglyphic
the
was regarded as
people
mother-goddess and represents
impor
sents a
throne
a solor
disk
woman
symbol
or seat.
her
of
Often
on
wearing
her head
which
name,
repre
wearing horns
seen
and
her head.
on
KHUM
Cult Center:
Philae, Elephantine
Attributes: A very
ancient
and
deity. As
Esna.
a water god
he
flooding
of
closely associated with the annual
the Nile. His name means to create. He
was
ator of all
He
things that
created
the
are and all
gods and
things that
he fashioned
Relations: Self
ram
created.
Other Names: Khnenu
RESEARCH
16
headed
the
shall
cre
be.
mankind on a
potters wheel.
Representation: A
was
man.
PTAH
Cult Center: Memphis.
Attributes: Ptah
it begins to
it has
represents
rise above
As early
risen.
for
responsible
when
and or right after
Second Dynasty, he is
The patron of architects,
was a master
building
the time
the
as
He
sun at
horizon
the
regarded as a creator god.
artist and sculptors.
the
the
architect,
framework
the
of
and
uni
verse.
Representations: A
head
with a shaved
back
his
of
Holding
a staff
An ankh,
resents
neck
life,
that is
Menat,
as
a
a symbol of
a combination of
mummy
from
Hanging
and a was scepter.
stability,
the
happiness.
three
This
symbols.
staff
rep
longevity.
and
Husband
Relations:
wrapped
beard.
and
is the
djed,
a
man
of
father
Sekhmet,
of
Neferetem.
RA
Cult Center: Heliopolis
and
throughout Egypt.
Attributes: From very early times Ra was a sun
He took on many of the attributes and even the
god.
names of other gods as
began
was
born
was
believed to
sail
a
journey
travel in the
myths evolved.
across
the
Manjet-boat
sky.
Ra
Ra
and would
representing the
At the end of each day Ra
through the twelve provinces,
twelve
was
and
Egyptian
hours
of
throught to
daylight.
die
and embarked on
his
night
voy
age.
Representations: He is
or as a
hawk headed
RESEARCH
17
often
pictured as a
man with a solar
disk.
hawk
OSIRIS
Cult Center:
Busiris, later Abydos.
Attributes: Supreme
god and
judge
symbol of resurrection and eternal
fertility and
a
wrappings.
man
Wearing
the
the
symbols of supreme
crook.
His
skin
to
is
Relations: Son
horus.
er of
Father
of
Provider
of
of
Geb
by
atef
crown
power, the
and
flail
and
represent vegetation or
and
in
and
Husband
Anubis
white
wearing
earth.
Seth
and
to
green
the
represent
Nephthyns,
life.
bearded
holding
red
dead. The
the
prosperity to the living.
Representation:
mummy
of
of
Nut.
Brother
some myths
Isis
and
of
Isis,
he is broth
father
of
Horus.
Neathhyns.
C.SYMBOLS
For the Ancient Egyptians the
sented symbolically.
sustenance, to the
imbued
means
of
by which
life itself;
animal
hidden
with
From the
whole
sun and
kingdom,
meaning.
the Egyptians
the creation, the
as
world,
the
Nile,
they
saw
which gave
it,
was repre
food
them
and
domestic, everything was
deepest level, symbolism was the
wild and
At its
expressed
after-life and
their
the
speculations about
struggle
between
the
nature
good and
evil
Q.
Ankh: Symbol
seen
holding
sidered
to
The breath
be
of eternal
an ankh
an
to
offering
you will need
RESEARCH
18
life. The
someone's
of
gods are often
lips. This is
"The Breath
in the
afterlife.
of
con
Life".
PET
This
at
depicts
symbol
the ends, the
for
the
same
horizon. This
tural motifs; the
bolizes
the sky
top
of
as a
way the
ceiling
real
sky
which
drops
to
reach
seems
sign was often used
walls,
and
in
architec
door frames. It
sym
heavens.
the
MAAT
Represents truth, justice, morality
pharaoh's job to uphold Maat.
died,
Maat
lost
was
chaos.
Only
restore
Maat.
the
the
and
balance. It was
and
When
world
a
pharaoh
flung
was
into
coronation of a new pharaoh could
PRIMORDIAL HILL
The Egyptians believed that
rose out of
idea
of
the
Egyptians, being
outs
to the
to
sea of chaos
rising had
this
during
used as
possible
a
creation
create
profound
every
this
land. The
dry
effect
thing from
hill
on
temple
inspiration behind the
the
lay
pyramids.
SHENU
More commonly know
represents a
A
loop
protector of
of rope
that
RESEARCH
19
as
name.
a
in
cartouche.
The
which a name
is
shape
written.
UDJAT EYE
The
sound
eye
Horus.
of
Symbolizes
healing
and
protection.
SHEN
The
ning
or
nity.
Its
of
the
perfection of
the
end,
animals
form
a round
and
it
made
it
sun and
shen
a
ring
very
mulet,
such
depicted
as
without
begin
obvious symbol of eter
also associated
was often
birds,
a
the
it
with
the
being
falcon,
disc
held
with
by
strong
"Magic"
rings were
solar connections.
and were
believed
to
give protection
very
from
popular
various
ill
nesses.
DJED
It is belived that the Djed is
backbone. It
acts
as a
into the
represents
sign
of
a
rendering
stability
of a
and strength.
stability for the deceased
human
It
also
journey
afterlife.
TREE
The tree, especially the date
was
indeed
Egyptians,
the
since
symbol
it
water.
RESEARCH
20
of
grew where
palm
and
life for
there
sycamore,
the
was
Ancient
life-giving
foot
sand
shaped
mound
head
)^\
o<&$
full
well
of water
hill
over
harpoon
wticn are
Tuys
nead of
sickle
bone
f
11 u o sn q
butcher's
bowl
two
knife
house
?
broom
cord
reed
girdle
knot
.
rush
shoots
Q
mast
crook
heart
star
lung
piece
and
aorta
stem
ana
windpipe
of
cloth
scepter
of
papyrus
with
fringe
Phonetic Signs
-J^-t_l^
breast,
bough
path
sail
educate,
of a
and
filled
bring
tree
plants
with
up
_____
mountain
vase,
beer jug
crossed
sticks,
^ro^ncf
iwlnd
vase,
beer jug
QX
cartouche
action
form
baking
pyramid,
house,
stone,
seat,
molds
pyramidion
staircase
brick
naos
with
bread
4 Y T W 1
chisel
string,
for
support
saucer,
rush
scales
arrow
boomerang
bone
point
pen
of a
wood
harpoon
Determinative Signs
RESEARCH
21
^J
eagle
foot
s
placenta
hand
1
court
reed
snake
vxper
S>
%
basket
lion
owl
jar
water
lasso
yard
chick
0
TJ
door
slopl
mouth
folded
cloth
Monoliteral Signs
RESEARCH
22
c^
bread
flfl
read
tress
PROCEDURE
The
Macintosh
The
entire
with a
interactive
keyboard,
educational
project was
created
on
a
Power
a mouse and a number of software packages.
Macromedia Director, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe
Illustrator, Strata Studio Pro, aand Macromedia SoundEdit 1 6. Other equip
programs used were
All graphics, text, animation,
together using Macromedia Director.
ment used were a scanner and synthesiger.
sound and music were put
Opening
The
project starts off with
a
blank
screen
Egyptian Timeline, Egyptian
Egyptian Gods, and Egyptian Hieroglyphics.
which
is the
showing different
Museum, Egyptian Symbols,
Main Menu
PRECEDURE
23
sections
design of the menu is extremely simple and not busy. The
background is black and there are no other elements except five red color
buttons and a quit button The navigation buttons, which directly access the
five sections, and the main button look blurry. A button has a sharp outline
The
screen
.
and
the
text.
Will
names of
Layout
A
and
four
sections will not
layout
was used
and avoid confusion.
the text
on
Background images
three
the
mouse cursor
play
until
the
is
on
it.
The
user clicks on
narration of
it.
Grid
standard
consistency
behind
appear whenever
dimensional
black background
the time
for
show
the
sections
to
maintain a sense of
Different background images
section
period
were manipulated
space.
all
using
Transparency
to
make
Photoshop
was given
it
to
more
to the images to
Main
24
interesting.
provide a sense of
through.
PRECEDURE
were used
menu
let
the
Egyptian time line
Egyptian Gods
Egyptian Symbols
PRECEDURE
25
Egyptian Hieroglyphics
Phonetic Signs
Determinative Signs
PRECEDURE
26
Monoliteral Signs
Navigation
displayed clearly. The main
menu items, graphics, illustrations were designed and arranged on the
screen.
Users can access sections only from the menu, even though users
can go back to the main menu screen from all the section screens.
When
In terms
players
finish
main menu
ton,
of navigation
all choices are
a section or want
by
leave
presents
the
on
clicking
so users can
Egyptian Art
,
the
the
to
leave
main
the section,
button.
Every
section whenever
they
they
section
want.
can return
has
to the
a main
but
T he flowchart
of
clear path of navigation.
Animation
Animation is
Animation in
make
color was created and
QuickTime
brought
in many multimedia programs.
rendered in Strata Studio program to
a common element
movies of a
them into the
640
Director
480
by
project.
PRECEDURE
27
pixel screen size.
After that I
(Egyptian Museum Figure
PROCEDURE
28
1-12)
Conclusion
I tried to
make
offers
with
text, but
adds
Furthermore,
liked
the
it
Multimedia
same audio-visual experience
directly
interactivity.
worthy opportunity to research,
the whole
design,
man
project possible.
for feedback after they finished my program. Some
icons represented for each section. Some shared their ideas and
For
comments.
all
was able
to
feedback,
provide
I
the
am
deeply
overall
appreciative.
idea
about
this
project
for
visitors
this interactive tour.
I truly
helped
not
asked viewers
the
I
power of
was a
edit and create
I
project as complete as possible.
the ability to integrate this
only
age,
the
me
enjoyed
in my
this
learning
and creative experience
professional and personal growth.
CONCLUSION
29
because it
to
Appendix
Adobe
Photoshop 4.0
Photoshop is the leading
tool
for creating digital imagery. Version 4.0
provides users with greater creative support such as
actions, adjustment
lay
ers, free transform and custom gradients among others. Adobe
Photoshop
continues to be the
leading software package in image editing and manipu
lation.
Macromedia SoundEdit 1 6 2.0
SounEdit 1 6 enables a person to record, edit, enhance, mix,
play back
and store multitrack highest
quality, which is 1 6-bit, 44kHz soundtracks. Its
features include the ability of multi-track mixing and editing in a QuickTime
format for better synchronization. SoundEdit 16 has the capability of con
verting these
files into different file formats
sound
to
be
compatible with other
multimedia applications.
Adobe Illustrator 7.0
Adobe Illustrator
typographic
control
need
to
video
artwork,
and
image
support.
inspired packaging,
create
Web
pages,
finest illustration
the
combines
ad
Illustrator
and
tools
provides
editorial
with
extensive
the tools
spreads,
you
brochures,
and more.
Macromedia Director 6.0
Multimedia Director Studio includes tools for creating
activity, animations, sounds,
and
demonstrations,
kiosks, tutorials,
informational
graphics,
so
you
can
and
editing inter
develop
product
entertainment aplications and
more.
Strata Studio Pro 1
.5.2
Strata Studio Pro is
animation package
for
a most powerful
3D modeling,
creative professionals.
PRECEDURE
30
rendering,
and
Bibliography
1 Jung,C, Mandala Symbolism
Princeton: Princeton University
.
Press, 1972
2. J.R.Harris., Egyptian Art
Spring Books
Press, 1968
3. Vagn Poulsen., Egyptian Art
New York Graphic Society Ltd.
Greenwich, Connecticut
Press, 1968
,Germany
4. Ernesto Scamuzzi., Egyptian Art In The Egyptian Museum
Harry N. Abrams, Inc.
of
Turin
Press, 1971, New York
5. Wolfhart Westendery, Painting, Sclupture,
Museum
Harry N. Abrams,
Inc.
Press, 1 968, New York
BIBLIOGRAPHY
31
and
Architecture
of
Ancient