Skyler Walker
APUSH 361.) ​
“The Evil Empire” Ronald Reagan’s description of the Soviet Union because of his fierce anti­communist views and the USSR’s history of violation of human rights as well as aggression 362.) ​
Trickle Down Economics Trickle down economics is a term used to describe the belief that if high income earners gain an increase in salary, then everyone in the economy will benefit as their increased income and wealth filter through to all sections in society. 363.) ​
Christian Fundamentalism A Protestant religious movement grounded in the belief that the Bible is a literal, historical text. This movement was challenged by modernists in the 1920’s in the Scopes Monkey Trial involving Clarence Darrow and /william Jennings Bryan. 364.) ​
The AIDS Epidemic Diagnosed in the US in 1981, the appearance of it did not receive much attention at first. However the increased spread of AIDS caused many to worry. Between 1981 and 2013 nearly 1,194,039 people in the United States had been diagnosed with AIDS. 365.) ​
Mikhail Gorbachev, Perestroika, Glasnost, Nuclear Disarmament Gorbachev served as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union​
from 1985 until 1991 when the party was dissolved. During his time as General Secretary Gorbachev ushered in Perestroika which is Russian for restructuring. This included the modernization of the highly bureaucratized economy of the Soviet Union. Along with Perestroika came Glasnost which means openness. This was the liberalization of the political system in the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union underwent nuclear disarmament under Gorbachev. 366.)​
Iran­Contra Scandal In 1986 John Poindexter and Oliver North were discovered to have colluded with CIA director William Casey in the selling of weapons in exchange for US hostages despite the demand that no US allies trade with Iran. The money from the sale of the arms went to fund the Contras, a guerilla rebel group in Nicaragua. North was convicted of lying as well as destroying several documents. Bush pardoned several officials and was accused of a cover up, as he was vice president at the time of the sales. 367.) ​
“A Kinder and Gentler Nation” A quote from George H.W. Bush at the Republican National Convention that implied military spending cuts, and increased funding to relief and educational causes. This policy resulted in a large amount of criticism and never truly came to fruition. 368.) ​
Intifada An unarmed, but violent Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation that involved both civil disobedience as well as violence toward both Israelis and Palestinians. Israeli soldiers used live ammunition as well as tear gas to put down the uprising, killing an estimated 1,100 Palestinian civilians with many more injured on both sides. 369.) ​
Terrorism The use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims. 370.) ​
Punk Rock A loud, fast moving, and aggressive form of rock music that was popular in the late 70’s and early 80’s. Often it is politically charged. 371.) ​
Japan Inc. A nickname for the corporate world of Japan that came about during the 1980’s boom, when western business people saw how closely the Japanese government worked with it's nation's business sector. 372.) ​
The National Debt The total amount of money that a country’s government has borrowed, by various means. 373.) ​
The Berlin Wall Comes Down In 1989 the Berlin Wall came down. The falling of the wall marked the end of Soviet influence in the country and allowed Germany to become reunited. 374.) ​
Tiananmen Square and the “Tank Man” The Tiananmen Square uprising was the attempt to suppress Chinese students protesting for the introduction of democracy to the country by the PLA. Between June 3rd and 4th of 1989 armed troops were deployed to disperse the protesters, several unarmed civilians were killed. Out of the uprising came one of the world's most well known photographs “The Tank Man” which depicts a man standing in front of PLA tanks during the uprising. 375.) ​
The Persian Gulf War 1991, After Iraq invaded Kuwait, the US invaded Iraq in order to liberate Kuwait. Iraq set Kuwait's oil fields ablaze so the Americans could not retrieve it. Also known as Operation Desert Storm this conflict influenced the setup of US military bases in Saudi Arabia. 376.) ​
Hilary Clinton’s Health Care Reform Proposal The Clinton health plan required each US citizen and permanent resident alien to become enrolled in a qualified health plan and forbade their disenrollment until covered by another plan. It listed minimum coverage’s and maximum annual out­of­pocket expenses for each plan. It proposed the establishment of corporate "regional alliances" of health providers to be subject to a fee­for­service schedule. People below a certain set income level were to pay nothing. 377.) ​
The “Angry White Male” of the 1990’s A pejorative reference to someone with what is typically known as a traditional conservative viewpoint, especially in the context of U.S. politics, characterized by opposition to racial quotas, political correctness, affirmative action, anti­discrimination policies, and other liberal policies. 378.) ​
NAFTA Standing for North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement, this agreement was created to allow the free movement of goods between Canada, the US, and Mexico by lessening or limiting the preexisting tariffs between said countries. 379.) ​
GATT Standing for General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, this international trade organization encourages free trade by lowering tariffs and other trade restrictions. Similar to that of NAFTA except this included all UN countries rather than just Canada, the US, and Mexico. GATT was replaced by the World Trade Organization in 1995. 380.) ​
Crime Bill of 1994 Introduced in the House by Jack Brooks on October 26, 1993. This bill was passed by both the House and Senate in November of 1993. The bill was signed into law by President Clinton on September 13, 1994. This bill dealt with crime as well as law enforcement. 381.) ​
The Brady Bill The Brady Bill was a gun control law named for presidential aide James Brady who had been wounded and disabled by gunfire in the assassination attempt on president Reagan in 1981. The Brady Bill requires that background checks be conducted on individuals before a firearm may be purchased from a federally licensed dealer, manufacturer or importer—unless an exception applies. 382.) ​
The Impeachment of Bill Clinton Clinton admitted before a jury that he had an improper and unprofessional relationship with White house intern Monica Lewinsky. The prospect of impeachment soon became an issue. After the House lied the issue moved to the Senate where Clinton was acquitted of his presidency. 383.) ​
Newt Gingrich’s “Contract with America” The Contract was revolutionary in its commitment to offering specific legislation for a vote, describing in detail the precise plan of the Congressional Representatives, and marked the first time since 1918 that a Congressional election had been run broadly on a national level. Furthermore, its provisions represented the view of many conservative Republicans on the issues of shrinking the size of government, promoting lower taxes and greater entrepreneurial activity, and both tort reform and welfare reform. 384.) ​
Advent of the Personal Computer The first was launched by Apple, called Apple II in 1977. IBM later interned the market and dominated. The result was thousands of jobs, some in the manufacturing of computers and hardware. Computers were no longer limited to jobs of higher ups, this allowed for the creation of the internet. 385.) ​
Technological Revolution Digital technologies, cell phones, computers, the Internet, ect., created new jobs and consumer needs. Helped with rapid economic growth in the late 20th century. 386.) ​
Bill Gates and Microsoft American business magnate, investor, programmer, inventor and philanthropist. Gates is the former chief executive and current chairman of Microsoft, the world’s largest personal­computer software company, which he cofounded with Paul Allen. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of CEO and chief software architect, and remains the largest individual shareholder, with 6.4 percent of the common stock. 387.) ​
Steve Jobs and Apple Was an American entrepreneur and inventor, best known as the co­founder, chairman, and CEO of Apple Inc. Through Apple, he was widely recognized as a charismatic pioneer of the personal computer revolution and for his influential career in the computer and consumer electronics fields, transforming "one industry after another, from computers and smartphones to music and movies. 388.) ​
Larry Page, Sergey Brin and Google Founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin in 1998. The CEO of the company is Larry Page. Google is a multinational company that deals with internet services and products. Google ranges from search engines to web browsers, and even calling abilities. Google also owns sites such as YouTube and Blogger. Modernly , it is the top search engine in the world. 389.) ​
The Rise of China, Inc. With China’s expanding economy it is becoming apparent to many economists that China is heading towards superpowerdom. This poses a threat to many of Europe’s and the United States businesses worldwide. 390.) ​
End of the Cold War The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union ended officially on November 9th of 1989. Reasons for its ending included ​
Reagan's hard­line economic and military approach to the USSR that put pressure on them. The USSR could not compete and as a result, collapsed. 391.) ​
Boris Yeltsin President of the Russian republic who criticized the slow pace of Mikhail Gorbachev 's reforms. In 1991, he successfully led the opposition to an attempted coup by communist hard­liners and became the most powerful person in the former Soviet Union. 392.) ​
The Internet A network of computers that allows people to communicate with others all over the world. As time has progressed the internet has become a place of business, crime, play, and entertainment. 393.) ​
OSHA The Occupational Safety and Health Administration is a Governmental Agency with the responsibility for regulatory and enforcement of safety and health matters for most United States employees; an individual State OSHA agency may supercede the US Department of Labor OSHA regulations, A government organization whose mission is to assure the safety and health of America's workers by setting and enforcing standards; providing training, outreach, and education; establishing partnerships; and encouraging continual improvement in workplace safety and health., regulates the workplace environment; ensures that workplaces are safe and healthful for employees. 394.) ​
Ban on Stem Cell Research ​
Congress intervened and passed the ​
Dickey­Wicker Amendment​
in 1995 (the final bill, which included the Dickey Amendment, was signed into law by Bill Clinton) which prohibited any federal funding for the Department of Health and Human Services be used for research that resulted in the destruction of an embryo regardless of the source of that embryo​
. 395.) ​
Assassination of Yitzrack Shamir Took place on November 4, 1995 at 21:30, at the end of a rally in support of the Oslo Accords at the Kings of Israel Square in Tel Aviv. The assassin, a religious Zionist named Yigal Amir, strenuously opposed Rabin's peace initiative and particularly the signing of the Oslo Accords Rabin, despite his extensive service in the Israeli military, was disparaged personally by right­wing conservatives and Likud leaders who perceived the Oslo peace process as an attempt to forfeit the occupied territories. 396.) ​
“The Graying of America” Americans were living healthier and longer lives, however this meant the increase in government funded programs to assist the elderly pulling at America's economy. 397.) ​
Social Security Crisis 398.) ​
Generation X Generation X, commonly abbreviated to Gen X, is the generation born after the Western Post–World War II baby boom. Most demographers and commentators use birth dates ranging from the early 1960s to the early 1980s. 399.) ​
Generation Y Millennials (also known as the Millennial Generation or Generation Y) are the demographic cohort following Generation X. There are no precise dates for when the generation starts and ends; most researchers and commentators use birth years ranging from the early 1980s to the early 2000s. 400.) ​
Election of 2000 Reported that gore had won the crucial state of florida but polls were still open. In the morning FL went to Bush. Networks said it was so close that a recount was necessary. Bush's chief attorney Mark Rosco., George W Bush v Al Gore. Florida had re­counts and Supreme Court determined winner., Reported that gore had won the crucial state of florida but polls were still open. In the morning FL went to Bush. Networks said it was so close that a recount was necessary. Bush's chief attorney Mark Rosco, supreme court put themselves on the line to choose bush, elections standardized. 401.) ​
9/11/01 Terrorist attacks on the United States that killed thousands of people at the twin towers and the Pentagon, Islamic suicide attacks on Both World Trade center buildings in New York and on the Pentagon in Virginia, Two planes were hijacked and were sent flying into the World Trade Center in NYC another plane crashed in PA and another plane crashed into the side of the Pentagon. 402.) ​
Homeland Security Act The Homeland Security Act (HSA) of 2002, (Pub.L. 107–296, 116 Stat. 2135, enacted November 25, 2002) was introduced in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks and subsequent mailings of anthrax spores. The HSA was cosponsored by 118 members of Congress. Created Homeland Security 403.) ​
War on Terror U.S. launched an attack on Afghanistan that drove the Taliban from power, A war based on destruction of terrorism and governments that support it. Started after 9/11, initiated by Bush after 9/11, attacks to weed out terrorist operatives throughout the world, using diplomacy, military means, improved homeland security, stricter banking laws, and other means, initiated by George W. Bush after the september 11, 2001, attacks to weed out terrorist operatives throughout the world, using diplomacy, military means, improved homeland security, stricter banking laws, and other means. 404.) ​
Iraq War The war began when Iraq invaded Iran, launching a simultaneous invasion by air and land into Iranian territory following a long history of border disputes, and fears of Shia insurgency among Iraq's long­suppressed Shia majority influenced by the Iranian Revolution. Iraq was also aiming to replace Iran as the dominant Persian Gulf state. 405.) ​
Afghanistan Country in the middle east 406.) ​
Al Qaida A global militant Sunni Islamist terrorist group founded by Osama bin Laden, responsible for the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. 407.) ​
Telecommunications Revolution The exponential growth of phones, fax, and television as well as the internet. This made worldwide communication easier. 408.) ​
National Healthcare Is health insurance that insures a national population for the costs of health care and usually is instituted as a program of healthcare reform. 409.) ​
Election of 2008 then­Senator Barack Obama of Illinois was the Democratic nominee, and Senator John McCain of Arizona was the Republican nominee George W. Bush was ineligible for re­election & Vice President Dick Cheney declined to run for the office. Senator Obama won the number of electors necessary to be elected President and was inaugurated on January 20, 2009. 1st Black president.