Non-Core Vocabulary in Nepos’ Life of Hannibal, Chapter 1
antecēdō –cēdere –cessī –cessum: excel, surpass
Hannibal Hannibalis m.: Hannibal※
bellō –āre: wage far, fight, contend※
hērēditās hērēditātis f.: inheritance
congredior –gredī –gressus sum: come together,
meet, join battle※
indigeō –digēre –diguī: be in need of, require
cōnservō –āre: retain,mantain, preserve ※
īnfitior īnfitiārī īnfitiātus sum: deny, contradict
dēbilitō –āre: weaken
Ītalia –ae f.: Italy※
dēpōnō –pōnere –posuī –positum: lay down,
put down※
Karthāginiensis Karthāginiensis:
Carthaginian※
dēsistō –sistere –stitī –stitus: cease (from), leave
off, abandon (+infin.)
nātiō nātiōnis f.: people, nation, race※
dēvincō –vincere –vīcī –vīctum: conquer,
overcome
ergā: towards, in relation to (+ acc.)※
fortitūdō fortitūdinis f.: strength, force,
manliness
Hamilcar Hamilcaris m.: Hamilcar Barca
(Carthaginian general and father of Hannibal)※
(+gen.)
obtrectātiō obtrectātiōnis f.: detraction,
disparagement
paternus –a –um: fatherly, paternal
prūdentia –ae f.: practical skill, intelligence※
quotienscumque: however often, as often as
Rōmānus –a –um: Roman ※
Non-Core Vocabulary in Nepos’ Life of Hannibal, Chapter 2
absēns absentis: absent※
adiungō –iungere –iūnxī –iūnctum: add,
connect, join to※
anteā: before, earlier, already※
Antiochus –ī m.: Antiochus (III, the Great, king of
Syria)※
imprūdēns imprūdentis: unaware, lacking
foresight, imprudent
incendō –cendere –cendī –censum: inflame, set
fire to※
interior interius: inner, more inward※
Ītalia –ae f.: Italy※
bellō –āre: wage war, fight, contend※
Iuppiter Iovis m.: Jupiter
cēlō –āre: hide, conceal
Karthāgō Karthāginis f.: Carthage※
clandestīnus –a –um: secret, hidden, concealed
libēns libentis: gladly, happily, willing
commemorō –āre: recall, mention※
novem: nine
comperiō –perīre –perī –pertum: find out, learn,
know
omittō –mittere –mīsī –missum: neglect, omit
cōnservō –āre: retain, maintain, preserve※
cupiditās cupiditātis f.: longing, desire, passion
dīvīnus –a –um: divine
explōrō –āre: investigate, inquire, put to the test※
frūstror frūstrārī frūstrātus sum: disappoint,
frustrate
Hamilcar Hamilcaris m.: Hamilcar Barca
(Carthaginian general and father of Hannibal)※
Philippus –ī m.: Phillip (V, king of Macedon)
postulō –āre: ask for, demand, require※
puerulus –ī m.: little boy
removeō –movēre –mōvī –mōtum: remove,
dismiss※
Rōmānus –a –um: Roman※
ruber rubra rubrum: red
sacrificō –āre: make sacrifice, sacrifice
Hannibal Hannibalis m.: Hannibal※
sēgregō –āre: separate, exclude, remove
Hispānia –ae f.: Spain※
suspīciō suspīciōnis f.: mistrust, suspicion
hostia –ae f.: victim, sacrifice
utpote: namely (reinforcing an explanation)
immolō –āre: sacrifice, offer as sacrifice
Non-Core Vocabulary in Nepos’ Life of Hannibal, Chapter 3
Āfrica –ae f.: Africa※
Karthāgō Karthāginis f.: Carthage※
Alpēs Alpium f.: Alps
mūniō mūnīre mūnīvī mūnītum: build
Alpicus –ī m.: inhabitant of the Alps
obitus obitūs m.: death
anteā: before, earlier, already※
ōrnātus –a –um: equipped, furnished
comprobō –āre: approve fully, endorse
patefaciō –facere –fēcī –factum:lay open
concīdō –cīdere –cīdī –cīsum: cut to pieces, beat
severely, destroy
posteāquam: after
conflīgō –flīgere –flīxī –flīctum: clash, fight※
praesum –esse –fuī: preside or take charge of
(+dat.)※
elephantus –ī m.: elephant
Pȳrēnaeus –a –um: of the Pyrenees (mountain range
equitātus equitātūs m.: cavalry
expūgnō –āre: take by assault, storm
foederō –āre: make an alliance or treaty
Gallia –ae f.: Gaul
Grāius –a –um: Greek, Grecian※
Hannibal Hannibalis m.: Hannibal※
Hasdrubal Hasdrubalis m.: Hasdrubal (brother-inlaw of Hannibal)※
Hercules Herculis m.: Hercules※
Hispānia –ae f.: Spain※
incola –ae m./f.: inhabitant
inermis inerme: unarmed
Ītalia –ae f.: Italy※
between Hispania and Gaul)
quīnque: five※
rēpō rēpere rēpsī rēptum: crawl
Saguntum –ī n.: Saguntum (town in eastern Spain)
saltus saltūs m.: mountain pass※
sēiungō –iungere –iūnxī –iūnctus: separate
subigō –igere –ēgī –āctus: conquer, subdue
sufficiō –ficere –fēcī –fectus: appoint to a
magistracy in place of another
trādūcō –dūcere –dūxī –ductum: lead across
triennium –ī n.: three year period
vīgintī: twenty
Non-Core Vocabulary in Nepos’ Life of Hannibal, Chapter 4
Aemilius –ī m.: Aemilius※
lectīca –ae f.: litter
aliquot: several, some※
Ligurēs Ligurum m.: Ligurians (a people in the
Appennīnus –ī m.: Apennines (mountain range
running the length of the Italian peninsula)
north-west coast of Italy)
Longus –ī m.: Longus
Āpulia –ae f.: Apulia (region in southeastern Italy)
Lucius –ī m.: Lucius※
Centēnius –ī m.: Centenius
obviam: against
circumveniō –venīre –vēnī –ventum: surround,
encircle
Padus –ī m.: Padus River (major river in northern Italy;
modern Po)※
Clastidium –ī n.: Clastidium (town in northern Italy)
Paulus –ī m.: Paulus※
collēga –ae m.: colleague
proflīgō –āre: overwhelm, crush, defeat decisively
cōnflīgō –flīgere –flīxī –flīctum: clash, fight※
Publius –ī m.: Publius※
cōnserō –serere –seruī –sertum: engage (in close
combat), join (battle)
Rhodanus –ī m.: Rhodanus River (major river in
southern Gaul; modern Rhône)※
cōnsulāris cōnsulāre: consular, of consular rank※
saltus saltūs m.: mountain pass※
Cornēlius –ī m.: Cornelius※
saucius –a –um: wounded
dēligō –ligere –lēgī –lēctum: choose, select
Scīpiō Scīpiōnis m.: Scipio※
Etrūria –ae f.: Etruria (region in Italy, northwest of
Servilius –ī m.: Servilius
Rome)
Flāminīnus –ī m.: Flamininus※
Gaius –ī m.: Gaius ※
Geminus –ī m.: Geminus
Terentius –ī m.:Terentius
Tiberius –ī m.: Tiberius※
Trasumēnus –ī m.: Trasimene (lake in Etruria)
Gnaeus –ī m.: Gnaeus※
Trebia –ae f.: Trebia (river in Cisalpine Gaul; tributary of
the Po)※
īnsidiae –ārum f.: ambush※
valētūdō valētūdinis f.: health; illness
Non-Core Vocabulary in Nepos’ Life of Hannibal, Chapter 5
absēns absentis: absent※
aliquot: several, some※
angustus –a –um: narrow, confined
callidus –a –um: clever, cunning, shrewd※
Cannēnsis Cannēnse: of Cannae (town in
southeastern Italy)
Lūcānī –ōrum m.: Lucanians, the region of
Lucania in southern Italy
Marcellus –ī m.: Marcellus※
Marcus –ī m.: Marcus※
Māximus –ī m.: Maximus
Minucius –ī m.: Minucius
Capua –ae f.: Capua (city southeast of Rome)
noctū: by night
Claudius –ī m.: Claudius※
obdūcō –dūcere –dūxī –ductum: envelop,
overspread
dēligō –āre: tie, bind
dētrīmentum –ī n.: harm, loss
dictātor dictātōris m.: dictator※
dispālor –pālārī –pālātus sum: to wander around,
straggle
obiciō –icere –iēcī –iectum: oppose, set against※
prōdō –dere –didī –ditum: lead forth
propinquus –a –um: near, neighboring (+dat.)※
quamdiū: as long as
ēnumerō –āre: enumerate, recount
quīnquiēns: five times
expediō –pedīre –pedīvī –pedītum: extricate, set
free
Quintus –ī m.: Quintus※
extrā: outside (+acc.)
Fabius –i m.: Fabius※
Falernus –ī m.: Falernus (region in Campania, south of
Rome)
repentīnō: suddenly
resistō –stere –stitī: resist, oppose※
resistō –stere –stitī: resist, oppose※
Rōma –ae f.: Rome※
Gracchus –ī: Gracchus
Rōmānus –a –um: Roman※
immittō –mittere –mīsī –missum: send in
Rūfus –ī m.: Rufus
incendō –cendere –cendī –censum: set fire to,
inflame※
sarmentum –ī n.: twig, branch
indūcō –dūcere –dūxī –ductum: lead in, entice※
Sempronius –ī m.: Sempronius
iniciō –icere –iēcī –iectum: inspire, cause, put in
terror terrōris m.: terror
īnsidiae –ārum f.: ambush※
Tiberius –ī m.: Tiberius※
Ītalia –ae f.: Italy※
iuvencus –ī m.: bull
vāllum –ī n.: rampart; protection
Venusia –ae f.: Venusia (town in southern Italy)
Non-Core Vocabulary in Nepos’ Life of Hannibal, Chapter 6
bīduum –ī n.: two day period
circiter: near, not far from
colloquium –ī n.: conversation
cōnflīgō –flīgere –flīxī –flīctum: clash, fight※
congredior –gredī –gressus: come together,
meet, join battle※
contrahō –trahere –trāxī –trāctum: draw
together, assemble, muster
effugiō –fugere –fūgī –fugitum: escape
excēdō –cēdere –cessī –cessum: leave, withdraw
exhauriō –haurīre –hausī –haustum: exhaust,
deplete
facultās facultātis f.: willingness, readiness
Hadrūmētum –ī n.: Hadrumetum (city in north
Africa, near Carthage)※
impraesentiārum: at present
incrēdibilis incrēdibile: unbelievable, incredible
īnsidior īnsidiārī īnsidiātus sum: ambush, lay a
trap (+dat.)
invictus –a –um: undefeated
Numida –ae m.: Numidian (a tribe in northern Africa)
opprimō –primere –pressī –pressum: crush,
overpower※
Padus –ī m.: Padus River (major river in northern Italy;
modern Po)※
passus passūs m.: step, pace or five feet
Publius –ī m.: Publius※
Rhodanus –ī m.: Rhodanus River (major river in
southern Gaul; modern Rhône) ※
Scīpiō Scīpiōnis m.: Scipio※
Trebia –ae f.: Trebia (river in Cisalpine Gaul; tributary of
the Po)※
trecentī –ae –a: three hundred
valēns valentis: strong, powerful
Zama –ae f.: Zama (town southwest of Carthage)※
Non-Core Vocabulary in Nepos’ Life of Hannibal, Chapter 7
aerārius –a –um: of or belonging to copper or
bronze; treasury (in pl.)
Āfrica –ae f.: Africa※
annuus –a –um: for a year, annual
Antiochus –ī m.: Antiochus (III, the Great, king of
Syria)※
Karthāgō Karthāginis f.: Carthage※
Lucius –ī m.: Lucius※
magistrātus magistrātūs m.: magistrate※
Māgo Māgōnis m.: Mago (brother of Hannibal) ※
Marcus –ī m.: Marcus※
apparō –āre: prepare
obses obsidis m./f.: hostages※
Aurelius –ī m.: Aurelius
palam: openly※
bīnī –ae –a: in pairs
perfugiō –fugere –fūgī: flee
captīvus –ī m.: captive※
Poenus –ī m.: Phoenician, Carthaginian※
clam: secretly
praesum –esse –fuī: preside or take charge of
(+dat.)※
Claudius –ī m.: Claudius※
comprehendō –prehendere –prehendī –
prehensum: seize, apprehend※
pūblicō –āre: confiscate
Publius –ī m.: Publius※
cōnsultum –ī n.: decree, resolution
quod: because※
corōna –ae f.: crown
quotannīs: every year
dīligentia –ae f.: care, diligence
remittō –mittere –mīsī –missum: send back
disiciō –icere –iēcī –iectum: destroy, scatter
repōnō –pōnere –posuī –positum: place, deposit
expōscō –pōscere –popōscī: demand
respōnsum –ī n.: response, reply ※
exsul exsulis m./f.: exile
Rōma –ae f.: Rome ※
foedus foederis n.: treaty
Rōmānus –a –um: Roman※
Fregellae –ārum f.: Fregellae (town in Latium, near
sētius: less, in a lesser degree
Rome)
fundāmentum –ī n.: foundation
Furius –ī m.: Furius
Gaius –ī m.: Gaius※
Hannibal Hannibalis m.: Hannibal※
Karthāginiensis
Karthāginiensis: Carthaginian※
Sulpicius –ī m.: Sulpicius ※
Syria –ae f.: Syria※
vectīgal vectīgālis n.: tax, levy
vīcēsimus –a –um: twentieth
Non-Core Vocabulary in Nepos’ Life of Hannibal, Chapter 8
absēns absentis: absent ※
Māgo Māgōnis m.: Mago (brother of Hannibal)※
Āfrica –ae f.: Africa※
Minucius –ī m.: Minucius※
Antiochus –ī m.: Antiochus (III, the Great, king of
Syria)※
naufragium –ī n.: shipwreck
Āsia –ae f.: Asia※
Pamphȳlius –a –um: of Pamphylia (region in
southern Asia Minor)
cōnflīgo –flīgere –flīxī –flictus: clash, fight※
persuādeō –suādēre –suāsī –suāsum: persuade
Cornēlius –ī m.: Cornelius※
Poenus –ī m.: Phoenician, Carthaginian※
Cȳrēnaeus –ī m.: inhabitant of Cyrene (a city in
praesum –esse –fuī: preside or take charge of
(+dat.)※
dēspērō –āre: be hopeless, give up
profugiō –fugere –fūgī: flee
dīmicō –āre –āvī/uī –ātus: fight
quīnque: five※
duplex duplicis: double
Quintus –ī m.: Quintus※
etsī: although ※
rescīscō –scīscere –scīvī –scītum: find out, get
to know
north Africa)
exciō –īre –īvī –itum: dispatch, call, incite
fīdūcia –ae f.: trust, confidence
Rhodius –a –um: of Rhodes (island in eastern
Mediterranean)※
Hannibal Hannibalis m.: Hannibal※
servulus –ī m.: young slave
indūcō –dūcere –dūxī –ductum: lead in, entice※
stultus –a –um: foolish
interitus interitūs m.: ruin, destruction
Syria –ae f.: Syria※
Ītalia –ae f.: Italy ※
Thermopylae –ārum f.: Thermopylae
Karthāginiensis
Karthāginiensis: Carthaginian※
Tiberis Tiberis m./f.: Tiber River
Lucius –ī m.: Lucius※
vēlum –ī n.: sail
Non-Core Vocabulary in Nepos’ Life of Hannibal, Chapter 9
abiciō –icere –iēcī –iectus: throw down, toss
Diāna –ae f.: Diana, a Roman goddess
aēneus –a –um: made of copper or bronze
Gortȳnius –ī m.: inhabitant of Gortyn (a city in
Crete)※
amphora –ae f.: amphora (large, two-handled jar)
Antiochus –ī m.: Antiochus III (the Great, king of
Syria)※
Hannibal Hannibalis m.: Hannibal※
indūcō –dūcere –dūxī –ductum: lead in, entice※
avāritia –ae f.: greed, rapacity
īnsciens īnscientis: ignorant, unaware
callidus –a –um: shrewd, cunning, clever※
operiō operīre operuī opertum: cover over
compleō –plēre –plēvī –plētum: fill up※
plumbum –ī n.: lead
complūrēs complūrium: several
prōpatulum –ī n.: open courtyard
cōnsiderō –āre: consider
prōvideō –vidēre –vīdī –vīsum: prepare, make
ready
Crēta –ae f.: Crete※
Crētēnsis Crētēnse: Cretan※
custōdiō custōdīre custōdīvī custōdītus: guard
dēdō –dere –didī –ditum: hand over, deliver※
dēpōnō –pōnere –posuī –positum: lay down,
put down ※
simulō –āre: pretend, put on the appearance of
statua –ae f.: statue
Non-Core Vocabulary in Nepos’ Life of Hannibal, Chapter 10
adiungō –iungere –iūnxī –iūnctum: join to,
connect, add※
armō –āre: arm, equip with weapons※
bellicōsus –a –um: warlike, fierce
Ītalia –ae f.: Italy※
nātiō nātiōnis f.: people, nation, race※
nāvālis nāvāle: naval
classiārius –ī m.: mariner; naval forces, marines (in
opprimō –primere –pressī –pressum: crush,
overpower※
conciliō –āre: unite, win over
Pergamēnus –a –um: of Pergamum (a kingdom in Asia
Minor)※
concurrō –currere –currī –cursum: join battle
with
Poenus –ī m.: Phoenician, Carthaginian※
pl.)
cōniciō –icere –iēcī –iectum: cast, fling, toss※
cōnservō –āre: retain, maintain, preserve※
polliceor –licērī –licitus sum: promise
Pontus –ī m.: Pontus (kingdom in northeastern Asia
Minor)
convocō –āre: call together, assemble
Prūsias –ae m.: Prusias (king of Bithynia)※
Crētēnsis Crētēnse: Cretan※
removeō –movēre –mōvī –mōtum: remove,
dismiss※
dissideō –sidēre –sēdī –sessum: disagree, quarrel
domesticus –a –um: personal, private, domestic
ergā: towards, in relation to (+acc.)※
Eumenēs Eumenis m.: Eumenes (II, king of
Pergamum in Asia Minor)※
rōbustus –a –um: strong
Rōmānus –a –um: Roman※
Scīpiō Scīpiōnis m.: Scipio※
serpēns serpentis f.: snake※
fīctilis fīctile: made of clay, earthen※
societās societātis f.: alliance
Hannibal Hannibalis m.: Hannibal※
ūtrobīque: on both sides
illūdō –lūdere –lūsī –lūsum: deceive, mock,
trick
vāsum –ī n.: vase, container※
ineō –īre –iī –itum: go into, begin, undertake
venēnō –āre: poison
vīvus –a –um: alive, living※
Non-Core Vocabulary in Nepos’ Life of Hannibal, Chapter 11
adorior –orīrī –ortus sum: assault, approach (as an
enemy)
Bīthȳnius –ī m.: inhabitant of Bithynia (a kingdom
in northern Asia Minor)
cādūceus –ī m.: herald's staff
cohortātiō cohortātiōnis f.: exhortation
concitō –āre: rouse, excite
concursus concursūs m.: meeting, collision,
encounter
nauticus –a –um: naval
oppleō –plēre –plēvī –plētum: fill up
palam: openly※
pedester pedestris pedestre: on foot, on land, of
infantry
Pergamēnus –a –um: of Pergamum※
perterreō –terrēre –terruī –territum: terrify
potissimum: first of all, especially, principally
cōniciō –icere –iēcī –iectum: cast, fling, toss※
profiteor –fitērī –fessus sum: declare publicly
conlocō –āre: place, station, set up
prūdentia –ae f.: practical skill, intelligence※
cōnspiciō –spicere –spexī –spectus: catch sight
of, perceive
puppis puppis f.: ship, stern
dēclarō –āre: indicate, reveal
quod: because※
etsī: although※
repente : suddenly
Eumenēs Eumenis m.: Eumenes (II, king of
Pergamum in Asia Minor)※
fīctilis fīctile: made of clay, earthen※
Hannibal Hannibalis m.: Hannibal※
irrīdeō –rīdēre –rīsī –rīsum: mock, make fun of
mentiō mentiōnis f.: mention※
scapha –ae f.: small boat, skiff
serpēns serpentis f.: snake※
tabellārius tabellāriī m.: letter-carrier,
messenger※
ūniversus –a –um: all together
vāsum –ī n.: vase, container※
Non-Core Vocabulary in Nepos’ Life of Hannibal, Chapter 12
aedificium –ī n.: building※
hospitium –ī n.: hospitality
aedificō –āre: build, erect
iānua –ae f.: door
arbitrium –ī n.: decision, judgment, authority
īnsidiae –ārum f.: ambush※
armō –āre: arm, equip with weapons※
memor memoris: mindful (+gen.)
Āsia –ae f.: Asia※
mentiō mentiōnis f.: mention※
Bīthȳnia –ae f.: Bithynia (kingdom in northern Asia
nūntiō –āre: report
Minor)
castellum –ī n.: fort, fortress
cēnō –āre: dine
circumdō –dare –dedī –datum: surround,
encircle
obsideō –sidēre –sēdī –sessum: besiege
postulō –āre: ask for, demand, require ※
prīstinus –a –um: former
properē: quickly
circumeō –īre –iī/–īvī –itum: surround
prōspiciō –spicere –spēxī –spectum: look out
comprehendō –prehendere –prehendī –
prehensum: seize, apprehend※
Prūsias –ae m.: Prusias (king of Bithynia)※
cōnscrībō –scrībere –scrīpsī –scrīptum: enlist;
patrēs cōnscrīptī: senators
recūsō –āre: object, protest
Quinctius –ī m.: Quinctius
cōnsulāris cōnsulāre: consular, of consular rank※
renūntiō –āre: report
dēdō –dere –didī –ditum: hand over, deliver※
Rōma –ae f.: Rome※
exitus exitūs m.: exit※
Rōmānus –a –um: Roman※
Flāminīnus –ī m.: Flamininus※
Titus –ī m.: Titus
Flāminīnus –ī m.: Flamininus※
venēnum –ī n.: poison
fortuītō: by chance
vīvus –a –um: alive, living※
Hannibal Hannibalis m.: Hannibal※
Non-Core Vocabulary in Nepos’ Life of Hannibal, Chapter 13
acquiēscō –quiēscere –quiēvī –quiētum: die,
repose in death
Aemilius –ī m.: Aemilius※
aliquot: several, some※
praeferō –ferre –tulī –lātum: prefer
Publius –ī m.: Publius※
Quintus –ī m.: Quintus※
annālis annālis m.: record of events, chronicle
Rhodius –a –um: of Rhodes (island in eastern
Mediterranean)※
Āsia –ae f.: Asia※
Rōmānus –a –um: Roman※
Atticus –ī m.: Atticus※
septuāgēsimus –a –um: seventieth
Baebius –ī m.: Baebius※
Sīlēnus –ī m.: Silenus
Blithō Blithōnis m.: Blitho
Sōsylus –ī m.: Sosylus※
Cethēgus –ī m.: Cethegus
Sulpicius –ī m.: Sulpicius※
Claudius –ī m.: Claudius※
Tamphilus –ī m.: Tamphilus※
Cornēlius –ī m.: Cornelius※
tribuō tribuere tribuī tribūtum: assign, grant
distringō –stringere –strinxī –strictum: distract,
be busy
Volsō Volsōnis m.: Volso
doctor doctōris m.: teacher, instructor
explicō –āre: unfold, explain※
Fabius –i m.: Fabius※
Gnaeus –ī m.: Gnaeus※
Graecus –a –um: Greek※
Hannibal Hannibalis m.: Hannibal※
intereō –īre –iī –itum: perish, die
Labeō Labeōnis m.: Labeo
Lacedaemonius –a –um: Spartan,
Lacedaemonian
Lucius –ī m.: Lucius※
Manlius –ī m.: Manlius
Marcellus –ī m.: Marcellus※
Marcus –ī m.: Marcus※
mortuus –a –um: dead
Paulus –ī m.: Paulus※
perfungor –fungī –functus sum: perform,
endure
Polybius –ī m.: Polybius