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24.06.2013
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Data storage: Making the switch
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Magnetic materials that change their properties when heated could
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pack more data on to hard drives
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A ‘sandwich’ of three iron alloy
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layers could help to create
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more data than ever before. Tiejun
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expect that their development,
based on a new technology called
heat-assisted magnetic recording
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(HAMR), could boost the capacity of
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C onventional hard drives contain a
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tiny electromagnet — a write head
— that hovers over a spinning disk
coated with a ferromagnetic
material. The electromagnet induces
the magnetic field within small
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regions of the disk to point either up
or down, encoding one bit of data.
Heat can jumble these magnetic bits
and destroy the data. The latest
disks use materials with a very
A three- layer s andwic h of magnetic materials
c ould help to pac k more data on to hard drives .
large coercivity — a measure of
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demagnetize. However, write heads must exert even greater magnetic fields to
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encode data in such materials. The balance between bit size, coercivity and the
electromagnet's strength ultimately puts an upper limit on disk density of about 1
terabit per square inch.
In HAMR systems, each recording region is briefly heated above its C urie
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temperature, a point when magnetic coercivity drops significantly and a much
smaller field can write the bit. Once the region cools, the coercivity rises and the
bit locks into place.
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Zhou’s team found a way to reduce both the writing temperature and the
switching field in HAMR systems. The upper iron–platinum layer of the sandwich
20.06.2013 | Eve nt Ne ws
stores data bits; the lower iron–cobalt layer helps to channel the write-head’s
magnetic field, enabling data writing; and the middle iron–rhodium layer acts as
International Symposium on
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a switch between the two. The middle layer is antiferromagnetic at room
14.06.2013 | Eve nt Ne ws
temperature so blocks any magnetic coupling between the other layers. At about
Iron–platinum normally has a C urie temperature of about 750 kelvin, but that
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plummets when coupled to the iron–cobalt layer. Data can therefore be written to
13.06.2013 | Eve nt Ne ws
350 kelvin, however, it becomes ferromagnetic, allowing the layers to couple.
the iron–platinum layer once the iron–rhodium layer becomes ferromagnetic, at
about 350 kelvin.
C oupling also reduces the coercivity of the iron–platinum layer, so a write head
would need only to generate one-third of the usual magnetic field to encode a bit.
“Theoretically, the bit can occupy a space as small as 100 square nanometers,”
says Zhou. The team now plans to reduce the size of the nanocrystals in each
data region of the iron–platinum layer, while maintaining its high coercivity.
The A*STAR-affiliated researchers contributing to this research are from the Data
Storage Institute
Journal information
Zhou, T. J., C her, K., Hu, J. F., Yuan, Z. M. & Liu, B. The concept and fabrication
of exchange switchable trilayer of FePt/FeRh/FeC o with reduced switching field.
Journal of Applied Physics 111, 07C 116 (2012).
A * ST A R Res earc h | Sourc e: Res earc h as ia res earc h news
Further information: www.res earc h.a- s tar.edu.s g/res earc h/6 6 8 8
www.res earc hs ea.c om
Further Reports about: data storage > ferromagnetic material
> iron–rhodium layer > magnetic field > magnetic materials
ne x t article
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Overview of the latest five Focus news of the innovations-report:
In the focus: Data storage: Making the switch
Magnetic materials that change their properties
when heated could pack more data on to hard
drives
A ‘sandwich’ of three iron alloy layers could help
to create computer hard drives that can store
more data than ever before. Tiejun Zhou and coworkers at the A*STAR Data Storage Institute in
Singapore expect that their development, based
on a new technology called heat-assisted
magnetic recording (HAMR), could boost ...
R e ad m ore
In the focus: Sun emits a solstice CME
On June 20, 2013, at 11:24 p.m., the sun
erupted with an Earth-directed coronal mass
ejection or C ME, a solar phenomenon that can
send billions of tons of particles into space that
can reach Earth one to three days later.
These particles cannot travel through the
atmosphere to harm humans on Earth, but they
can affect electronic systems in satellites and on
the ground.
Experimental NASA research models, based on observations from NASA's
Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory and ESA/NASA's Solar and
Heliospheric Observatory show that the C ME left the sun at ...
R e ad m ore
In the focus: Chlamydia promotes gene mutations
Outcome of experimental C hlamydia infections
points towards cancer
C hlamydia trachomatis is a human pathogen that
is the leading cause of bacterial sexually
transmitted disease worldwide with more than 90
million new cases of genital infections occurring
each year. About 70 percent of women infected
with C hlamydia remain asymptomatic and these bacteria can establish chronic
infections for months, or ...
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In the focus: Less is more: Novel cellulose structure requires fewer
enzymes to process biomass to fuel
Improved methods for breaking down cellulose
nanofibers are central to cost-effective biofuel
production.
Improved methods for breaking down cellulose
nanofibers are central to cost-effective biofuel
production and the subject of new research from
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and the Great Lakes Bioenergy
Research C enter (GLBRC ). Scientists are investigating the unique properties of
crystalline cellulose nanofibers to develop novel chemical pretreatments and
designer ...
R e ad m ore
In the focus: New regulator discovered for information transfer in
the brain
The protein mSYD1 has a key function in
transmitting information between neurons. This
was recently discovered by the research group
of Prof Peter Scheiffele at the Biozentrum,
University of Basel. The findings of the
investigations have been published in the
scientific journal “Neuron”.
Synapses are the most important sites of
information transfer between neurons. The
functioning of our brain is based on the ability of
the synapses to release neurotransmitter substances in a fraction of a second,
so that neuronal signals can be rapidly propagated and integrated.
Peter Scheiffele’s team has now identified ...
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