INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
Salient Features: Society and Culture
INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
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70000 - 50000 BCE - FIRST HUMANS migrated to India
IVC - first known civilization in India
Period: 2500 -1750 BC
Area - 1.3 million sq.km
Population - around 5 million
Most concentration of settlements - Ghaggar-Hakra river
system (General Hospital)
 Harappa > largest no. of sites
 Mixed race - A2M2 - austroloid,
alpinoid, mediterranean, mongoloid
 Most from mediterranean race
 6 out of 250 sites are cities
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DISCOVERY
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Harappa - 1921 - Dayaram Sahani > m.s.wats > mortimer
wheeler (HD) or Harappa -- Ramappa
Mohenjodaro - r.d.banarjee – 1922 (MB) RED:
Mohanbabu
UNESCO world heritage sites
TOWN PLANNING
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Grid system
Western side >> fortified citadel - public buildings (Govt
Offices)
Eastern side >> lower town - house of commoners
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Burnt brick
Drainage system
Streets - 30 ft
Buildings - 1) residential houses 2) larger buildings 3)
public buildings
ECONOMY
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Agriculture
Wheat and barley
Rice - lothal and rangpur
Indigo - rojdi in gujarat
Well irrigation - aladinho in sindh
Animal rearing
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First to use silver (Rajasthan) and cotton
Ignorant of use of iron
Internal trade - south india, UP, maharashtra ,
bihar,rajasthan
Foreign trade - mesopotomia and egypt
Transportation - bullock carts, boats
Barter system - exchange of goods without use of money