Sara Hyry “How Robin Hood Saved the Widow’s Three Sons” (folk tale) ering Literature (6) Christopher Reeve from Still Me (autobiography) u Related Reading “Americans with Disabilities Act” (speech) GRADE 6 Sandy Asher A Woman Called Truth (play) u Related Readings Faith Ringgold The Sunflower Quilting Bee at Arles (story quilt) Sojourner Truth “Ain’t I a Woman?” (speech) v isco D Jim Naughton “Joyriding” (short story) Richard Peck “Priscilla and the Wimps” (short story) PART ONE • THEMES IN LITERATURE FOR YOUR READING LIST UNIT 1 FINDING YOUR TRUE SELF ECHOES GUIDED WRITING PERSUASIVE WRITING: NOMINATING A HERO LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE: USING VERB TENSES CORRECTLY Avi “The Goodness of Matt Kaizer” (short story) UNIT REVIEW REFLECTING ON YOUR READING Sandra Cisneros “Eleven” (short story) UNIT 3 ADVENTURES AND DISASTERS Anne Frank “Why?” (personal essay) Mary Whitebird “Ta-Na-E-Ka” (short story) ECHOES Jennifer Armstrong “The Face of the Deep Is Frozen” from Shipwreck at the Bottom of the World (nonfiction) Lensey Namioka “The All-American Slurp” (short story) u Related Reading Delia Ephron from How to Eat Like a Child (humor) FOR YOUR READING LIST GUIDED WRITING EXPRESSIVE WRITING: PREPARING AN AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL INCIDENT LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE: WRITING COMPLETE SENTENCES UNIT REVIEW REFLECTING ON YOUR READING UNIT 2 LEARNING FROM HEROES ECHOES 16 The Sunflower Quilting Bee at Arles, 1991. Faith Ringgold. Robert Silverberg “Pompeii” (historical essay) u Related Reading Robert Frost “Fire and Ice” (poem) Peggy Seeger “The Springhill Disaster” (lyrics) Catherine Gourley “The Cutoff: The Story of the Donner Party” (historical essay) Henry Wadsworth Longfellow “The Wreck of the Hesperus” (poem) u Related Reading Gordon Lightfoot “The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald” (lyrics) Theodore Roethke “Big Wind” (poem) “Child on Top of a Greenhouse” (poem) Windy Day in Atchison, 1952. John Philip Falter. FOR YOUR READING LIST GUIDED WRITING NARRATIVE WRITING: DESCRIBING A DISASTER LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE: FORMING PLURALS CORRECTLY UNIT REVIEW REFLECTING ON YOUR READING UNIT 4 INSIGHTS FROM ANIMALS ECHOES Isaac Bashevis Singer “Zlateh the Goat” (short story) James Herriot “Cat on the Go” (short story) u Related Reading May Swenson “Cat & the Weather” (poem) Cleveland Amory from Ranch of Dreams (nonfiction) UNIT 5 DO YOU HEAR THE MUSIC? ECHOES Donna Rosenberg “The Creation of Music” (Toltec myth) u Related Reading Bill Holm “Whale Breathing: Bartlett Cove, Alaska” (poem) Bob Dylan “Forever Young” (lyrics) u Related Reading Fran Lantz “Developing Your Chops” from Rock, Rap, and Rad: How to Be a Rock or Rap Star (nonfiction) Anonymous “Scarborough Fair” (English folk ballad) • Insights: Looking at Folk Music Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme s Elizabeth Hess “Shelter Shock” (nonfiction) • Insights: Understanding the Process Choosing a Dog UNIT REVIEW REFLECTING ON YOUR READING e of Content Rudyard Kipling “Rikki-tikki-tavi” (short story) GUIDED WRITING INFORMATIVE WRITING: RELATING A PROCESS LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE: USING COMMAS CORRECTLY Ta b l Mary O’Hara “My Friend Flicka” (short story) u Related Reading Bruce Kiskaddon “The Gentle Hoss” (poem) FOR YOUR READING LIST Oscar Hijuelos “Nothing but Drums” (poem) Nikki Giovanni “Three/Quarters Time” (poem) 17 (6) ering Literature D v isco Dizzy Gillespie with Al Fraser from To Be or Not to Bop (memoir) u Related Reading Carl Sandburg “Jazz Fantasia” (poem) FOR YOUR READING LIST JAPANESE FOLK TALE Yoshiko Uchida “The Magic Mortar” GUIDED WRITING EXPRESSIVE WRITING: DESCRIBING YOUR FAVORITE MUSIC LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE: PRONOUN / ANTECEDENT AGREEMENT UNIT REVIEW REFLECTING ON YOUR READING UNIT 6 FANTASTIC PLACES ECHOES J. R. R. Tolkien from The Hobbit (novel excerpt) Sarah Ellis “The Tunnel” (short story) u Related Reading W. B. Yeats “The Stolen Child” (poem) John Gardner “Dragon, Dragon” (fairy tale) Ariel Dorfman “The Rebellion of the Magical Rabbits” (parable) FOR YOUR READING LIST GUIDED WRITING EXPRESSIVE WRITING: DEVELOPING A CHARACTER LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE: CLEAR AND UNCLEAR SENTENCES UNIT REVIEW REFLECTING ON YOUR READING Hercules Fighting with the Lernaean Hydra, c.1600s. Francisco de Zurbaran. GHANAIAN FOLK TALE Nina Jaffe and Steve Zeitlin “The Cow of No Color” SUPERSTITION Lila Perl “Don’t Step on a Crack” FOR YOUR READING LIST GUIDED WRITING NARRATIVE WRITING: CREATING A FABLE LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE: QUOTATION MARKS PART TWO • GENRES IN LITERATURE UNIT REVIEW REFLECTING ON YOUR READING UNIT 7 PASS IT ON: THE ORAL TRADITION UNIT 8 STORIES TO TELL: FICTION ELEMENTS OF THE ORAL TRADITION ELEMENTS OF FICTION IROQUOIS MYTH Joseph Bruchac “The Creation” GREEK MYTH Walker Brents “The Twelve Labors of Hercules” PLOT Ray Bradbury “All Summer in a Day” INSIGHTS: Getting into Storytelling On the Telling of Myths, Legends, and Stories by Walker Brents 18 GERMAN FAIRY TALE Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm “The Singing, Springing Lark” SETTING Farley Mowat “The Woman and the Wolf” CHARACTER Norma Fox Mazer “I, Hungry Hannah Cassandra Glen . . .” Toni Cade Bambara “Raymond’s Run” Charles Reznikoff “Two Girls . . .” THEME Roald Dahl “The Boy Who Talked with Animals” u Related Reading Knight Ridder News Service “Turtles Taken off the Menu in Brazil” (article) FORMS OF POETRY NARRATIVE Donald Hall “Ox Cart Man” Joan Aiken “Potter’s Gray” FOR YOUR READING LIST William Stafford “One Time” LYRIC Edna St. Vincent Millay “English Sparrows (Washington Square)” “City Trees” GUIDED WRITING INFORMATIVE WRITING: COMPARING AND CONTRASTING AUTHOR WEB SITES LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE: MODIFIERS UNIT REVIEW REFLECTING ON YOUR READING UNIT 9 WORDS IN MOTION: POETRY ELEMENTS OF POETRY INSIGHTS: Getting into Poetry “Power of the Pen” by Donnie Belcher TECHNIQUES IN POETRY IMAGERY E. E. Cummings “in Just-” “Spring is like a perhaps hand” SOUND Alfred, Lord Tennyson “The Eagle: A Fragment” “Break, Break, Break” TRANSLATED VERSE Sandra Cisneros “Good Hot Dogs” “Buenos Hot Dogs” FOR YOUR READING LIST GUIDED WRITING IMAGINATIVE WRITING: COMPOSING A POEM LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE: VERB FUNCTIONS s Lewis Carroll “Jabberwocky” “You Are Old, Father William” • Insights: Taking a Closer Look at the Author The Mindworks of Lewis Carroll Little Sweet, 1944. William H. Johnson. e of Content SHAPE Lillian Morrison “The Sidewalk Racer, or On the Skateboard” Ta b l Mary TallMountain “There Is No Word for Goodbye” Countee Cullen “If You Should Go” UNIT REVIEW REFLECTING ON YOUR READING Robert Frost “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” Maya Angelou “Life Doesn’t Frighten Me” UNIT 10 TURNING WORDS INTO ACTION: DRAMA Gwendolyn Brooks “Cynthia in the Snow” William Shakespeare “All the World’s a Stage” from As You Like It ELEMENTS OF DRAMA 19 D v isco ering Literature (6) PLAY A. A. Milne The Ugly Duckling SCREENPLAY Milton Geiger In the Fog FOR YOUR READING LIST GUIDED WRITING PERSUASIVE WRITING: PREPARING A REVIEW LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE: QUOTATIONS, UNDERLINING, AND ITALICS UNIT REVIEW REFLECTING ON YOUR READING UNIT 11 TELLING IT AS IT IS: NONFICTION ELEMENTS OF NONFICTION UNIT REVIEW REFLECTING ON YOUR READING NARRATIVE BIOGRAPHY Jim Haskins “Madam C. J. Walker” UNIT 12 READING BETWEEN THE LINES: INFORMATIONAL AND VISUAL MEDIA Bill Littlefield “Satchel Paige” AUTOBIOGRAPHY Geronimo from Geronimo’s Story of His Life INFORMATIVE DOCUMENTARY Dian Fossey from Gorillas in the Mist u Related Reading Chris Nelson “Gorillas” (informative research report) SCIENTIFIC ESSAY Dennis Brindell Fradin “The Five ‘Wanderers’ of the Ancient Skies” EXPRESSIVE AUTOBIOGRAPHY Jerry Spinelli “Night” from Knots in My Yo-Yo String PERSUASIVE ARTICLE Alexandra Hanson-Harding “A Breath of Fresh Air?” FOR YOUR READING LIST GUIDED WRITING INFORMATIVE WRITING: WRITING AN INFORMATIVE RESEARCH PAPER LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE: DOCUMENTATION 20 Washington Square, 1900. Paul Cornoyer. ELEMENTS OF INFORMATIONAL AND VISUAL MEDIA INSIGHTS: Getting into Media Contests! by David LaRochelle PHOTOGRAPHS Earth from Space u Related Reading May Swenson “Orbiter 5 Shows How Earth Looks from the Moon” (poem) ADVICE COLUMN Mary Mitchell from Dear Ms. Demeanor CATALOG AND ORDER FORM Beads & Bangles ARTICLE Bob Ludlow “Hearing under Siege” Hergé from The Adventures of Tintin: The Black Island FOR YOUR READING LIST GUIDED WRITING INFORMATIVE WRITING: WRITING A CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE: SENTENCE VARIETY UNIT REVIEW REFLECTING ON YOUR READING PART THREE • LANGUAGE ARTS SURVEY: A Handbook of Essential Skills 1 READING RESOURCE INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.2 TO READING Purposes of Reading Reading Independently Scanning Skimming Slow and Careful Reading READING 1.3 1.4 FOR EXPERIENCE Reading Literature: Educating Your Imagination Educating Your Imagination as an Active Reader Ask Questions as You Read Make Predictions as You Read Summarize Parts as You Read Keeping a Reader’s Journal Reading Silently versus Reading Out Loud Reading with a Book Club or Literature Circle Guidelines for Discussing Literature in a Book Club 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 READING TO LEARN 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 READING FOR INFORMATION 1.16 Using Context Clues to Estimate Word Meaning 1.17 Using a Dictionary 1.18 Using Glossaries and Footnotes 1.19 Learning Base Words, Prefixes, and Suffixes 1.20 Learning Synonyms, Antonyms, and Homonyms 1.21 Exploring Word Origins and Word Families 1.22 Jargon and Gobbledygook 1.23 Clichés and Euphemisms 1.24 Connotation and Denotation 2 WRITING RESOURCE INTRODUCTION 2.1 TO UNDERSTANDING 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 WRITING The Writing Process THE WRITING PROCESS Prewriting Identifying Your Purpose Expository/Informative Imaginative Narrative Personal/Expressive Persuasive/Argumentative Identifying Your Audience Finding Your Voice Choosing a Form Choosing a Topic Focusing a Topic GATHERING IDEAS 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 Brainstorming Learning from Professional Models Keeping a Journal Freewriting Clustering Questioning: Using the 5 Ws and an H Imagining: Asking “What If” Questions Completing Venn Diagrams Analyzing Sensory Detail Charts Time Lines Story Maps Pro and Con Charts Interviewing Researching for Ideas ORGANIZING IDEAS Man Looking into Outer Space, c. 1500s. French artist. 2.28 2.29 Writing Paragraphs Writing a Thesis Statement Writing Main Ideas and Supporting Details Choosing a Method of Organization Chronological Order Spatial Order Order of Importance Comparison and Contrast Order Cause and Effect Order Part by Part Order Outlining Rough Outlines s 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 e of Content 1.14 Reading Internet Materials, Reference Works, Graphic Aids, and Other Visuals Determine Your Specific Purpose for Reading Determine the Author’s Purpose DEVELOPING YOUR VOCABULARY Ta b l Reading Textbooks and Nonfiction Reading Newspapers and Newsmagazines “Reading” Art and Photographs Seeking Knowledge as an Active Reader Ask Questions Use Your Prior Knowledge to Make Inferences and Predictions Know What You Do Not Know Summarize or Synthesize Text Adapt Your Reading Approach 1.13 Strategies for Reading to Learn: SQ3R Survey Question Read Recall Review Use the SEARCH Approach: Scan, Examine, Act, Review, Connect, Hunt 1.15 Using Graphic Aids 21 3.7 ering Literature (6) 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 v isco 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 D SUBJECTS Dead End, Lyonel Feininger. 3.23 3.24 AND VERBS: PROBLEM CONSTRUCTIONS Working with Inverted Sentences Working with Compound Subjects, Verbs, and Sentences Working with Negatives Using Contractions Identifying Prepositional Phrases Understood Subjects There Sentences Nouns of Direct Address 2.30 Formal Outlines 2.31 Drafting 2.32 Drafting an Introduction 2.33 Drafting Body Paragraphs 2.34 Drafting a Conclusion 2.35 Using Transitions Effectively 2.36 Writing Narrative, Dialogue, Description, and Exposition 2.37 Self- and Peer Evaluation 2.38 How to Evaluate a Piece of Writing 2.39 How to Deliver Helpful Criticism 2.40 How to Benefit from Helpful Criticism 2.41 Revising Adding or Expanding Cutting or Condensing Replacing Moving 2.42 A Revision Checklist 2.43 Proofreading 2.44 Using Proofreader’s Marks 2.45 A Proofreading Checklist 2.46 Proper Manuscript Form 2.47 Publishing and Presenting Your Work 2.48 Maintaining a Writing Portfolio 2.49 Sharing Your Work with Others 2.50 Reflecting on Your Writing 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.30 3 LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE RESOURCE PARTS OF 3.45 3.46 3.47 3.48 3.49 3.50 3.51 3.52 3.53 3.54 Namers—Nouns and Pronouns Types of Nouns Common Nouns Proper Nouns Compound Nouns Concrete Nouns Abstract Nouns Types of Pronouns Personal Pronouns Interrogative Pronouns LANGUAGE 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Appropriate Uses of English Formal and Informal English Register, Tone, and Voice Irony, Sarcasm, and Rudeness Dialects of English GRAMMAR 3.6 22 Grammar Reference Chart—Parts of Speech Overview Helping Verbs The Verb To Be Linking Verbs Grammar Reference Chart—Prepositions What Is Grammar? The Importance of Syntax The Sentence: The Basic Building Block of the English Language Functions of Sentences Subjects and Verbs: The Basic Building Blocks in a Sentence Finding the Complete Subject and Complete Predicate in a Sentence Finding the Simple Subject and Simple Predicate in a Sentence How to Find the Simple Subject and Verb Completers for Action Verbs: Direct and Indirect Objects Direct Objects Indirect Objects Identifying the Parts of Speech WRITER’S WORKSHOP: BUILDING EFFECTIVE SENTENCES 3.31 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.35 3.36 3.37 Correcting Sentence Fragments Correcting Sentence Run-ons Correcting Wordy Sentences Combining and Expanding Sentences Making Passive Sentences Active Achieving Parallelism Adding Colorful Language to Sentences EDITING 3.38 3.39 3.40 3.41 3.42 3.43 3.44 FOR GRAMMAR AND USAGE ERRORS Getting Subject and Verb to Agree Using Irregular Verbs Avoiding Split Infinitives Using I and Me Getting Pronouns and Antecedents to Agree Recognizing Other Problems with Modifiers Correcting Common Usage Problems SPEECH SUMMARY 3.55 3.56 3.57 3.58 3.59 3.60 3.61 3.62 3.63 3.64 3.65 3.66 3.67 3.68 3.69 3.70 3.71 3.72 3.73 3.74 Expressers—Verbs Action Verbs State of Being Verbs Transitive Verbs Intransitive Verbs Verb Tenses Simple Tenses Modifiers Adjectives Adverbs Linkers Prepositions Coordinating Conjunctions Correlative Conjunctions Interrupters Interjections Nouns of Direct Address Hybrids Possessive Nouns and Pronouns Verbals 3.83 3.84 3.85 3.86 3.87 3.88 3.89 3.90 3.91 3.92 3.93 4 Hyphens and Dashes Editing for Capitalization Errors Proper Nouns and Adjectives I and First Words Family Relationships and Titles of Persons Geographical Names, Directions, and Historical Names Titles of Artworks and Literary Works Editing for Spelling Errors Using Spelling Rules I Using Spelling Rules II Common Spelling Errors SPEAKING AND LISTENING RESOURCE THE POWER 4.1 OF COMMUNICATION Verbal and Nonverbal Communication LISTENING SKILLS 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Active versus Passive Listening Listening to a Lecture or Demonstration Listening in Conversations Listening to the Media Adapting Listening Skills to Specific Tasks Listening for Comprehension Listening Critically Listening to Learn Vocabulary Listening for Appreciation COMMUNICATING 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 WITH OTHERS Communicating with Another Person Communicating in a Small Group Communicating in a Large Group Asking and Answering Questions COMMUNICATION STYLES AND CULTURAL BARRIERS 915 PUBLIC SPEAKING STUDY AND RESEARCH RESOURCE THINKING SKILLS STYLE 3.75 3.76 3.77 3.78 3.79 3.80 3.81 3.82 5 s The Mountain-path, 1937. J. R. R. Tolkien. e of Content 4.15 Giving a Speech 4.16 Types of Speeches Impromptu Speech Memorized Speech Extemporaneous Speech 4.17 Steps in Preparing an Extemporaneous Speech 4.18 Guidelines for Giving a Speech 4.19 Oral Interpretation of Poetry 4.20 Telling a Story 4.21 Participating in a Debate 4.22 Preparing a Multimedia Presentation Ta b l 4.11 Being Considerate of Other Cultures and Communication Styles 4.12 Overcoming Barriers to Effective Multicultural Communication 4.13 Collaborative Learning and Communication 4.14 Conducting an Interview Editing for Punctuation Errors End Marks Commas Semicolons Colons Apostrophes Underlining and Italics Quotation Marks 5.1 5.2 5.3 Making Decisions and Solving Problems Distinguishing Fact from Opinion Avoiding False Arguments and Propaganda Glittering Generalities and “Spin” Stereotypes Unsound Opinions Circular Reasoning Loaded Words Bandwagon Appeal 23 (6) ering Literature D v isco 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 Classifying Generalizing Making Inferences, Predictions, and Hypotheses Estimating and Quantifying Analyzing and Synthesizing Comparing and Contrasting Evaluating Extending Perspective, Empathy, and Self-Understanding STUDY SKILLS 5.13 Developing Good Study Habits 5.14 Keeping an Assignment Notebook 5.15 Understanding the Assignment Following Spoken Directions Following Written Directions 5.16 Taking Notes, Outlining, and Summarizing Information RESEARCH SKILLS 5.17 How Library Materials Are Organized 5.18 How to Locate Library Materials Computerized Card Catalogs Interlibrary Loans 5.19 Using Reference Works 5.20 Types of Dictionaries 5.21 Using a Thesaurus 5.22 Using Almanacs, Yearbooks, and Atlases 5.23 Using Biographical References, Encyclopedias, and Periodicals 5.24 Using Tables of Contents, Indexes, Appendices, and Glossaries 5.25 Using the Internet 5.26 Browsing versus Searching on the Internet 5.27 Conducting an Internet Search 5.28 Using Boolean Search Strategies 5.29 Evaluating Information and Media Sources 5.30 How to Read a Newspaper or Newsmagazine 5.31 How to Evaluate a Film 5.32 How to Evaluate Radio and Television 5.33 How to Evaluate Advertisements 5.34 How to Understand Internet Sites 5.35 Documenting Sources 5.36 Keeping a Research Journal 5.37 Using Your Research Journal for Documentation 5.38 Informal and Formal Note-Taking 5.39 Making Bibliographies and Bibliography Cards 5.40 Documenting and Mapping Internet Research 5.41 Avoiding Plagiarism 5.42 Paraphrasing, Summarizing, and Quoting 5.43 Parenthetical Documentation 5.44 Footnotes and Endnotes 6 APPLIED ENGLISH RESOURCE THE IMPORTANCE 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 6.12 OF APPLIED ENGLISH Filling Out Forms Following Directions Giving Directions Writing a Step-by-Step Procedure Writing a Personal Letter Writing a Business Letter Writing a Memo Writing a Proposal Delivering a Press Release Writing a Public Service Announcement Displaying Effective Visual Information Working on a Team Handbook of Literary Terms Glossary of Words for Everyday Use Index of Titles and Authors Index of Skills Index of Fine Art Index of Internet Sites Acknowledgments TEST-TAKING SKILLS 5.45 Preparing for Tests 5.46 Taking Objective Tests 5.47 Strategies for Taking Standardized Tests 5.48 Analogy Questions 5.49 Synonym and Antonym Questions 5.50 Sentence Completion Questions 5.51 Reading Comprehension Questions 5.52 Taking Essay Tests 24 Howl, 1977. Luis Jimenez.
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