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(2) Scientific processes. The student uses scientific methods to solve investigative
questions. The student is expected to:
(B) know that scientific hypotheses are tentative and testable statements that
must be capable of being supported or not supported by observational
evidence. Hypotheses of durable explanatory power which have been
tested over a wide variety of conditions are incorporated into theories;
(E) plan and implement investigative procedures, including asking questions,
formulating testable hypotheses, and selecting equipment and
technology, including graphing calculators, computers and probes,
sufficient scientific glassware such as beakers, Erlenmeyer flasks,
pipettes, graduated cylinders, volumetric flasks, safety goggles, and
burettes, electronic balances, and an adequate supply of consumable
chemicals;
(F) collect data and make measurements with accuracy and precision;
(G) express and manipulate chemical quantities using scientific conventions
and mathematical procedures, including dimensional analysis,
scientific notation, and significant figures;
(H) organize, analyze, evaluate, make inferences, and predict trends from data;
and
(I) communicate valid conclusions supported by the data through methods
such as lab reports, labeled drawings, graphs, journals, summaries,
oral reports, and technology-based reports.
(4) Science concepts. The student knows the characteristics of matter and can analyze
the relationships between chemical and physical changes and properties. The
student is expected to:
(A) differentiate between physical and chemical changes and properties;
(D) classify matter as pure substances or mixtures through investigation of
their properties.
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Distillation
Filtration
Extraction
Decant
Supernate
Precipitate
Chromatography
Centrifuge
Dissolving
Evaporation
To make a solution of, as by
mixing with a liquid; pass into
solution: to dissolve salt in
water.
To draw moisture from, as by
heating, leaving only the dry
solid portion.
The separation of mixtures into
An apparatus that rotates at high their substances by preferential
speed and by centrifugal force
adsorption by a solid, as a
separates substances of
column of silica (column
different densities, as milk and
chromatography) or a strip of
cream.
filter paper (paper
chromatography) or by a gel.
To separate (a substance) in
solid form from a solution, as by
means of a reagent.
The clear fluid above a sediment
or precipitate.
To pour liquid gently so as not to The process of getting, pulling,
disturb the sediment.
or drawing out, usually with
special effort, skill, or force:
Any substance, as cloth, paper,
porous porcelain, or a layer of
charcoal or sand, through which
liquid or gas is passed to
remove suspended impurities or
to recover solids.
%
The purification or concentration
of a substance, the obtaining of
the essence or volatile
properties contained in it, or the
separation of one substance
from another, by such a
process.
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