United Nations
Congresses on Crime Prevention
and Criminal Justice 1955–2010
55 years of achievement
55 years of United Nations
Crime Congresses
For more than half a century, the United Nations has
held congresses aimed at strengthening international
cooperation against expanding crime.
The quinquennial congresses have impacted criminal justice policies, as well as national
procedures and professional practices throughout the world. The congresses are especially
critical now, as the globalization of many contemporary problems, including crime, has made
international collaboration an urgent priority. The United Nations’ efforts to set international
guidelines for criminal justice are not without precedent.
In 1872, the International Prison Commission—which later became the International Penal
and Penitentiary Commission (IPPC)—was created during an international conference to
make recommendations for prison reform. The IPPC became affiliated with the League of
Nations and continued to hold crime control conferences every five years. With the dissolution
of IPPC after World War II, its functions were transferred to the United Nations in 1950,
including the practice of holding international conferences on crime control matters at fiveyear intervals. Accordingly, the First United Nations Congress was held in Geneva in 1955.
Fifty-five years later, this tradition continues with the Government of Brazil hosting the
Twelfth United Nations Congress in Salvador, Brazil. The theme of the Twelfth Congress is
“Comprehensive strategies for global challenges: crime prevention and criminal justice systems
and their development in a changing world”.
1955
The First Congress adopted the
Standard Minimum Rules for the
Treatment of Prisoners.
under the theme “Crime prevention for
freedom, justice, peace and development”.
1990
The Eighth Congress recommended
action against organized crime and
terrorism under the theme “International
crime prevention and criminal justice in
the twenty-first century”.
1995
The Ninth Congress focused on
international cooperation and practical
technical assistance for strengthening
the rule of law under the theme
“Seeking security and justice for all”.
2000
The Tenth Congress adopted the Vienna
Declaration committing Member States
to strengthen international cooperation
in the fight against transnational crime
and criminal justice reform.
2005
The Eleventh Congress adopted the
Bangkok Declaration, a crucial political
document laying the foundation for
and showing the direction towards
strengthening international coordination
and cooperation efforts, in order to
prevent and combat crime.
1960 The Second Congress recommended
special police services for juvenile justice.
1965 The Third Congress analysed the
relationship between criminality and
social change.
1970
The Fourth Congress called for
improving crime prevention planning
for economic and social development.
1975 The Fifth Congress approved the
Declaration on the Protection of
All Persons from Being Subjected to
Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or
Degrading Treatment or Punishment.
1980
1985
Under the theme “Crime prevention and
the quality of life”, the Sixth Congress
recognized that crime prevention must be
based on the social, cultural, political and
economic circumstances of countries.
The Seventh Congress adopted the
Milan Plan of Action and several new
United Nations standards and norms
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Congress topics:
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G '23,2)2*/0-13.1(3/+.0101&3-"3#+0,-13#2+,-112)3
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The Congress made recommendations:
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/'+-$&'3/'23*-%%$10/ 3/'23".%0) 3,*'--),3
.1(3,-*0.)3,2+!0*2, 3.,32))3.,3/'23,2)2*/0-13
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Standard Minimum Rules
for the Treatment of Prisoners
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-"3$!210)23(2)01$21* 3/'20+3-+0&01 3#+2!21/0-1
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The Congress made recommendations on:
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G '2301/2&+./0-13-"3#+0,-13).-$+3
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G '23+2%$12+./0-13-"3#+0,-12+,
G D+2+2)2.,23/+2./%21/3.1(3.,,0,/.1*23
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G D.+-)23.1(3+2)2.,2(3#+0,-12+,53/+.1,0/0-13
/-3*-%%$10/3)0"2
G "/2+*.+2 301*)$(01&3!-*./0-1.)3&$0(.1*2 3
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Establishment of Regional Networks
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*+0%2301,/0/$/2,3
Special police services for the prevention
of juvenile delinquency
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The Congress topics focused on:
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G -*0.)3"-+*2,3.1(3/'23#+2!21/0-13-"3*+0%01.)0/3
G -%%$10/3.*/0-13"-+3#+2!21/01&3*+0%23
G #2*0.)3#+2!21/0!23.1(3/+2./%21/3%2.,$+2,3
"-+3$!210)2,3.1(3-$1&3.($)/,
G 2.,$+2,3/-3+2($*23+2*0(0!0,%
CD+2!21/0-13-"3+0%01.)0/A3.,3/'23%.013/'2%2
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"02)(3-"3*+0%23#+2!21/0-13.1(3*+0%01.)3$,/0*2
,/+2,,01&3/'23122(3-"3*+0%01-)-&0*.)3+2,2.+*'3"-+
*+0%23#+2!21/0-1
The United Nations Interregional Crime
and Justice Research Institute
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+2&0-1.)3010/0./0!2,3,3.3"-))-$#3/-3/'23.*/0-1,
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"-+32*-1-%0*3.1(3,-*0.)3(2!2)-#%21/3
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+2&0-1.)3#+2#.+./-+3%22/01&, 3'0*'32+23'2)(
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)./23.3*-%%-13#-)0*3.##+-.*'3/-3/'230/2%,3-1
/'23.&21(.
Congress topics:
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/-3(2!2)-#%21/3#).1101&
G D$)0*3#.+/0*0#./0-13013*+0%23#+2!21/0-13
.1(3*-1/+-)3-"3*+0%23.1(3(2)01$21*3
G '23-+&.10./0-13-"3+2,2.+*'3"-+3
#-)0*3(2!2)-#%21/3013,-*0.)3(2"21*2
G 2!2)-#%21/,3013/'23*-++2*/0-1.)3"02)(
Improved crime prevention planning
for economic and social development
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.3(2*).+./0-1 3*.))01&3-13&-!2+1%21/,3/-3/.23
2""2*/0!23,/2#,3/-3*--+(01./23.1(301/21,0"33
/'20+3*+0%23#+2!21/0-132""-+/,3013/'23*-1/2/3
-"32*-1-%0*3.1(3,-*0.)3(2!2)-#%21/3
/3"$+/'2+3+2*-&102(3/'./3*+0%23013.))30/,3"-+%,
,.##2(3/'23212+&02,3-"31./0-1, 3$1(2+%0101&
2""-+/,3/-3.*'02!23.3%-+23'-)2,-%2321!0+-1
%21/3.1(3.32//2+3)0"23"-+3/'20+3#2-#)2313.((0
/0-1 3/'23-1&+2,,3(0,*$,,2(3"-+3/'23"0+,/3/0%23
/'23#+-)2%3-"3/2++-+0,%3.1(3.0+#).123'0.*01&
):5 968*9871:222:+:3!.1:222:)):$467//$4871
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+2./%21/3-+3D$10,'%21/3
'23-1&+2,,3+2/$+12(3/-3=212!.30134?3-+3/'2
"0+,/3/0%2 3(0,*$,,0-1,3"-*$,2(3-13/'23123"-+%,
.1(3(0%21,0-1,3-"3*+0%01.)0/ 301*)$(01&3-+&.1
02(3*+0%23.,3.3$,012,, 3.1(3/'23*-,/,3-"3*+0%23
The Congress made
recommendations on:
G ""21*2,301!-)!01&3-+,3-"3.+/3.1(3-/'2+3
*$)/$+.)3#+-#2+/
G +0%01.)0/3.,,-*0./2(30/'3.)*-'-)0,%3.1(
(+$&3.$,2
G 1/2+#2+,-1.)3!0-)21*23
G +0%01.)0/3.,,-*0./2(30/'3%0&+./0-13.1(
")0&'/3"+-%31./$+.)3(0,.,/2+,3.1(3'-,/0)0/02,3
G 2%.)23*+0%01.)0/
G 2++-+0,%3
The Declaration on the Protection of All Persons
from Being Subjected to Torture and Other Cruel,
Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
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0/3+2*-%%21(2(3/-3/'23=212+.)3,,2%)3/'2
.(-#/0-13-"3/'232*).+./0-13-13/'23D+-/2*/0-13-"
))3D2+,-1,3"+-%3;201&3$2*/2(3/-3-+/$+23.1(
/'2+3+$2) 31'$%.13-+32&+.(01&3+2./%21/3-+
D$10,'%21/ 3,$,2$21/)3(2!2)-#2(301/-3.3*-1
!21/0-133/'23-%%0,,0-13-137$%.130&'/,
'23-1&+2,,3.),-3+2*-%%21(2(3/'23"-+%$)./0-1
-"3.1301/2+1./0-1.)3*-(23-"3*-1($*/3"-+3).
21"-+*2%21/3-""0*0.),3
++:5 968*9871:222::3!.1:222:)):$467//$4871
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1(2+3/'23/'2%2
C+0%23#+2!21/0-13.1(3/'23$.)0/3-"3)0"2A
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*+0%23#+2!21/0-13%$,/323.,2(3-13/'2
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The Congress adopted resolutions on:
G +0%23/+21(,3.1(3*+0%23#+2!21/0-13,/+./2&02,3
G %#+-!2%21/3-"3*+0%23,/./0,/0*,
G 2!2)-#%21/3-"3%010%$%3,/.1(.+(,3-"3
$!210)23$,/0*23
G 2.,$+2,3/-3#$/3.1321(3/-3/-+/$+23.1(3
2/+.)2&.)322*$/0-1,3
G 201,/0/$/0-1.)0./0-13-"3*-++2*/0-1,3.1(3
*-%%$10/3%2.,$+2,
G #2*0"0*3122(,3-"3-%213#+0,-12+,
The “Caracas Declaration”
'+-$&'3/'23C.+.*.,32*).+./0-1A 32%2+
/./2,3$1(2+)012(3/'23!0/.)3+-)23#).2(33/'2
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*--#2+./0-13.1(3/'23(2!2)-#%21/3-"31-+%,3.1(
&$0(2)012,3013/'23"02)(3-"3*+0%01.)3#-)0*32%2+
/./2,32+23.),-3*.))2(3/-321,$+23/'./3/'-,2
+2,#-1,0)23"-+3/'23"$1*/0-101&3-"3/'23*+0%01.)
$,/0*23,,/2%3,'-$)(323#+-#2+)3$.)0"02(3"-+
/'20+3/.,,3.1(3,'-$)(3#2+"-+%3/'2%3013.3%.112+
'0*'30,301(2#21(21/3-"3#2+,-1.)3-+3&+-$#3013
/2+2,/3'23-1&+2,,3.),-3+2*-%%21(2(3/'2
2,/.)0,'%21/3-"3.3+2&0-1.)301,/0/$/23013"+0*.
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.1(301/2++2&0-1.)3#+2#.+./-+3%22/01&,3'0*'
#+-!2(3!.)$.)23"-+3/'20+3.**2,,3/-312301"-+%.
/0-13.1(3-1&-01&3+2,2.+*'3'23%22/01&,32+2
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#+-&+2,,3013/'230%#)2%21/./0-13-"3+2*-%%21(.
/0-1,3"+-%3#+2!0-$,3*-1&+2,,2,
The Congress approved:
G '2310/2(3./0-1,3/.1(.+(3010%$%3$)2,
"-+3/'23(%010,/+./0-13-"3
$!210)23
$,/0*23
G '232*).+./0-13-"3;.,0*3D+01*0#)2,3-"3
$,/0*2
"-+30*/0%,3-"3+0%23.1(3$,23-"3D-2+3
G '23;.,0*3D+01*0#)2,3-13/'23
1(2#21(21*23-"3/'23
$(0*0.+3
G '23-(2)3&+22%21/3-13
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'232!21/'3-1&+2,,
.(-#/2(3/'230).13D).13-"
*/0-13.1(3,2!2+.)312
10/2(3./0-1,3,/.1(.+(,
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C+0%23#+2!21/0-13"-+
"+22(-% 3$,/0*2 3#2.*2
.1(3(2!2)-#%21/A
The Milan Plan of Action:
'230).13D).13-"3*/0-13*.))2(3/'23.//21/0-13-"
/'2301/2+1./0-1.)3*-%%$10/3/-3/'23#+-)2%3-"
*+0%23.,3.130,,$23-"3&)-.)3*-1*2+1 3'.%#2+01&
/'23#-)0/0*.) 32*-1-%0* 3,-*0.)3.1(3*$)/$+.)3(2!2)
-#%21/3-"3#2-#)23/3+20/2+./2(3/'./3*+0%23/'+2./
212(3'$%.13+0&'/, 3"$1(.%21/.)3"+22(-%, 3.1(
#2.*2 3,/.0)0/3.1(3,2*$+0/3/3.),-3+2*-%%21(2(
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.130%#-+/.1/3+-)23/-3#).3013%$)/0)./2+.)3*--#2+.
/0-1 3#.+/0*$).+)3013/.01&3*-1*2+/2(3.*/0-1
.&.01,/3/2++-+0,% 30))0*0/3(+$&3/+.""0*01&3.1(
-+&.102(3*+0%23
+:5 968*9871:222::3!.1:222:+):$467//$4871
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'237.!.1.3-1&+2,,3/--3#).*23./3.3/0%23'21
0/3.,3+2*-&102(3/'./3*+0%230/'30/,301/2+1./0-1.)
(0%21,0-1,3.,301*+2.,01&3./3.13.).+%01&3+./23
The Congress approved standards on:
G '23;.,0*3D+01*0#)2,3"-+3/'23
+2./%21/3-"3D+0,-12+,3
G '2310/2(3./0-1,3=$0(2)012,3"-+3/'2
D+2!21/0-13-"3
$!210)232)01$21*3
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The Vienna Declaration
on Crime and Justice
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The Eleventh Congress adopted
the Bangkok Declaration, a crucial
political document laying the
foundation for and showing the
direction towards strengthening
international coordination and
cooperation efforts, in order to
prevent and combat crime.
Congress Topics:
Workshops on:
Thematic issues included:
•
International Criminal Justice
Education for the Rule of Law
•
Survey of United Nations and
Other Best Practices in the
Treatment of Prisoners in the
Criminal Justice System
•
Effective measures to combat
transnational organized crime
•
Economic and financial crime:
challenges to sustainable development
•
Corruption: threats and trends in the
twenty-first century
•
Practical Approaches to Preventing
Urban Crime
•
International cooperation against
terrorism and links between terrorism
and other criminal activities
•
Links between Drug Trafficking and
Other Forms of Organized Crime:
International Coordinated Response
•
Making standards work: 50 years of
standard-setting in crime prevention
and criminal justice
•
Workshop on Strategies and Best
Practices against Overcrowding in
Correctional Facilities
JRYHUQPHQWV1*2VSDUWLFLSDQWV
Printed in Austria
V10-50466—February 2010