Modern Tractor (and Implement) Management
Prof. Dr.- Ing. Peter Pickel
Dec. 4th 2008
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Drivers of Agricultural Engineering and Technologies
Agricultural machinery is industrial key sector
of 21st century
¾ Shifting reputation of Agriculture / new paradigma
¾ Need for Sustainability
¾ Dramatical increasing need for higher energetic efficiency and
CO2-reduction
¾ Emission regulations
¾ Dramatical increasing need for higher labor or economical
efficiency: Automation technology
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Automation – Why?
Improve Sustainability
Reduce Inputs
Enhance Productivity
React on Changing Ag Labor Availability:
Overall Facts
1.
Farm consolidation drives higher need for non-family farm workers
2.
Seasonal workers with growing importance in EU 25
3.
Depopulation of rural areas lead to farm labor shortage
4.
High-tech machines, complex production processes
and strict production regulations require skilled labor
Æ Availability of skilled labor is major issue and not higher labor costs
Implications
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1.
Increasing need for new technologies (automation)
2.
Focus on operator / interface and “ease of use”
3.
Increased need for training
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Tractor/Tractor-Implement Management is Automation
But why do we need automation?
¾ Reduce inputs
¾ Improve efficiency and sustainability
¾ Enhance productivity
¾ React on changing ag labor availability
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General trends in
development of ag machinery:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Power increase has been stagnating
New functionalities
Changing of power transmissions
Higher level of automation / machine intelligence
Integrated application management (*), teleservice, documentation …
(*) Quite famous: Precision farming – but that‘s not all …
Enhanced HMIs / ergonomics
Automation is a dominating trend
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What do customers want from automation
(electronics)?
1. Farmers require steadily increasing productivity
2. Safety, comfort and ease of use
3. Fulfillment of individual life style needs
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Drivers of Automation
1. μ-electronics
Current state of the art:
2. Sensor technologies
Highly integrated,
intelligent and communicating
3. Communications
(currently CAN + ISOBUS) functional elements
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ISOBUS - The basic idea:
Interconnectivity between brands
… could result in …
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ISOBUS - The basic idea:
Interconnectivity between brands
+
… could result in …
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Interconnectivity between brands
… or with ISOBUS in …
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Interconnectivity between brands
… one integrated Operator Interface (VT).
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The ISOBus-Class 3 Vision
Basic Assumptions
• Higher productivity through higher speeds and faster control than
human reaction
• Higher production quality and safety by higher process stability
• Reduces load on operator (physical and mental relief)
ISO 11783
µC
µC
µC
µC
µC
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Another set of trends
⇒ x-by-wire technologies or …
⇒ development of fully automated (or autonomous) vehicles
This is nothing else but …
• a higher level of automation / machine intelligence
• integrated application management
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Autonomous Testing
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Why don‘t we have autonomous vehicles?
⇒ Because of safety issues
• But driverless vehicles are the safest vehicles
from the driver‘s prospective
• But operational setting is endangered seriously
⇒ Because of a lack of functional safety (functional stability)
• Example: So long as there might be a pick-up
(trailer)Automation
plugging a (service)
person
willgap
be
will „attack“
that
needed
• Tractor driver might have different tasks in the
future
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Parallel tracking is just an example . . .
B
6m
A
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Advantages of AutoTrac
•
•
•
•
•
•
less overlaps and skips
full working width and header width
straight rows in all weather conditions
more operating comfort
physical and mental relief
detection of critical situations
• Approach to field borders
• (Static) obstacles
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Increase in performance with AutoTrac SF2
Application
Increase in
performance
Cost savings per ha
Source
9,7%
6,10 €
University HalleWittenberg, GER
5%
2,48 €
Loonbedrijf, NL
Cultivation
10,7%
5,76 €
University HalleWittenberg, GER
Seeding
2,2%
2,93 €
University HalleWittenberg, GER
Crop protection
2,2%
3,95 €
University HalleWittenberg, GER
Fertilization
2,2%
3,97 €
University HalleWittenberg, GER
Combine Harvest
14,3%
17,68 €
University of
Weihenstephan
Stubble processing
Round Up Application
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Itec Pro
• Precise tractor guidance
• Automated implement and PTO
controls, ground speed, and end turns
at headland and interior boundaries.
• implement functions performed
consistently on the headlands every
time.
• reduction of input costs such as
fertilizer, seed, and fuel by reducing
headland skips and overlaps.
• Provision of additional accuracy by
automatically guiding the tractor
during headland turns
• Machine positioning correctly for the
next pass through the field.
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The ISOBus-Class 3 Vision
Basic Assumptions
This in a concept of the 80s!
So, is it obsolete?
No, it’s technology of
yesterday, today and
tomorrow
ISO 11783
µC
µC
µC
µC
µC
Immanent problems due to safety
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E-Premium
Power
Electronics
Vehicle
Controller
Load Center
Electric A/C
Compressor
Electric
Radiator
Fan Drive
200V FlyWheelGenerator
Reliable
High Efficiency
14V Supply
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Level 2 Example – Electric Fertilizer Spreader
Automation – The Electric Vision (E PREMIUM)
µC
ISO 11783
µC
µC
µC
µC
µC
M
=
G
~
~
3~
=
=
3~
• Reduced fuel-consumption
~
• Improved performance (speed control, torque sensing)
• Comfortable coupling
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Rauch Axis EDR
•
•
•
•
Better effiency
Better coupling
Enhanced functionality
Independant drives
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A last „side“ aspect – requirement for ease of use
•
•
•
•
Higher automated systems are more complex
In spite of this, they must be easier in handling
This is not „a nice to have“ but a must and
a strong requirement to HMIs
•
•
•
•
•
•
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The driver must stay “The Lord of the Machine”.
The driver will handle the process …
… getting more and more a manager of
… process data acquisition,
… process data administration and
… process optimisation
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Technology Development
GPS
Intelligent Operator
Interface
Field Doc
Application
Intelligence
iTec Pro
Automation
Electrification
Communication&
Guidance
1970
Feedback
Order
1930
Pull 1
910
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2003
E-Drives
Tractor/Tractor-Implement Management is Automation
¾ The automation trend will stay as is!
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Danke für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit!
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