SEXUAL
TIMES
Your Guide to Sexual Health
change
puberty
Although it happens quite slowly,
puberty is the time when the
body changes because the body
produces hormones to make it
ready for sexual development.
Moods change, and body parts
change. Puberty happens to
people at different times, it is
important not to compare yourself
to your friends. It will happen when
your body is ready.
Female changes
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
breasts and nipples get bigger
waist narrows
hips widen
ovaries, womb and vulva get bigger
periods begin
the vagina gets a bit bigger and produces more fluids (discharge)
Skin may get greasy
Male changes
n
n
n
n
n
shoulders broaden
facial hair / body hair
voice deepens (breaks)
penis gets longer and wider
testes (testicles) get bigger
Both MALES & FEMALES
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
underarm and pubic hair
body odour
spots / acne
mood changes
growing pains
emotional changes
sexual attraction
Young people often feel that they should know everything
about sex. But we all have gaps in our knowledge. Even
parents and teachers! This resource was written to help fill
those gaps so that you can safely enjoy your sexual health.
male
You do not need a mirror to see the male sex organs as they are very visible
from the front of the body. The male sexual organs include the penis and
the two testes which are held in skin sacs called the scrotum.
body changes
The penis hangs outside the
body. The head (called the glans in
medicine) is where both urine and
semen come out. The glans and the
rim (raised ridge of the penis) are
very sensitive to touch. There are
very many different sizes, shapes
and colours of penises. None of
this makes a difference to sexual
satisfaction.
Foreskin is the loose fitting skin which
can be pulled back and covers the glans
(head) of the penis. It is importantclitor
to
hairthe area under the foreskin clean. is
pubickeep
You can do this by gently pulling back the
foreskin and washing it well when you are
urethra
in the shower or bath. If this causes you
pain, it may mean that the foreskin is too
tight and you may need a circumcision.
labia major
Circumcision is when the foreskin is
removed. This can be done for cultural,
open
vaginItaldoes
hygiene or medical reasons.
noting
s
minu
labia
make a difference to sexual performance.
anus
The scrotum is a sac of skin under
the penis which holds the testes. The skin
is wrinkly so it can tighten and contract.
This is perfectly normal.
The testes produce sperm and the
male sex hormones. The testes move
closer to the body during sexual arousal
and when they are cold so that the
temperature is kept at the correct level for
the production of sperm.
pubic hair
shaft
MALE SEX
ORGANS
penis
scrotum
glans
foreskin
urethra
If you are worried about your
body changes, you could talk
to your parent, friend, GP
or phone/drop into a sexual
health centre.
other things to know
The urethra is a tube through the
penis where urine and semen come
out of the body (but not at the same
time).
An erection happens when you
are sexually aroused and the penis
becomes filled with blood. The penis
becomes hard and erect (upright).
Ejaculation is when semen spurts
out of the penis at orgasm.
Semen (cum) is the fluid that is
ejaculated from the penis. Although
the sperm that is ejaculated could fit
on the tip of a pin, there are about 300
million of them in each ejaculation. It
just takes one of these to fertilise an
egg and lead to pregnancy.
Precum is the name given to the fluid
that comes out of the penis during
sexual arousal before ejaculation.
Some people think that if the man
withdraws his penis before he
ejaculates then the woman cannot
get pregnant. This is not true as
precum carries sperm in it. Sexually
Transmitted Infections can also be
passed through precum.
wet dreams Some young men have
Wet Dreams. This is when semen is
ejaculated while they are asleep. It’s a
perfectly normal part of development.
If you are worried about your body
changes, you could talk to your parent,
friend, GP or a sexual health helpline.
colm’s
experience
I felt OK about my body changing. I just
wished it would happen quicker. But when
it did it was no big deal. I noticed we were
all at different stages. I worried about the
showers because the other guys had hair
on their balls and I didn’t. I thought the
ones with the heavy growth on their faces
were really cool. When I got any bit of facial
hair I didn’t really know whether to leave
it or to shave it. I shaved the chin and left
the bum fluff above the lip. Some of the
guys pretended to talk in lower voices to
make them sound like they had broken;
Pretending to be more macho than they
really were.
I wasn’t afraid of the body changes. There
was nothing weird about nakedness and
that. I was used to seeing my parents
naked so I knew what to expect.
But sexual feelings! I worried about whether
I’d be any good at sex. The worst was
always wanting to be masturbating when
I was supposed to be studying. But I got
used to that too. Anyway, what I’d say is
don’t worry if you don’t kick in as early as
your friends. The changes will happen and
it’s no big deal.
During adolescence, erections
can happen at any time. This is
perfectly normal. If you want
your erection to go down, try
thinking about something else.
SEXUAL HEALTH BEGINS
WITH KNOWING YOUR BODY
female
Periods
body changes
One of the biggest changes in a young woman’s life is when she
starts getting her periods. Once periods start it means that a
female is physically able to have a baby.
When periods start, they might not come every month at first.
This is perfectly normal.
l T
he blood that comes out of the vagina might be brownish
for the first few times.
l Although it might look like a lot of blood it is usually no more
than a full egg cup.
l It might be a good idea to start carrying tampons or sanitary
pads with you in case your period starts unexpectedly.
l Periods usually last 3 to 7 days.
l You may get period pains, lower back pain or cramps just
before or during the period. Some people have mild pains,
while others have very painful periods.
l Dysmenorrhoea (dis-men-or-e-a) is the medical word for
painful periods. If your period is very painful or heavy, you
should go to see your doctor or talk to your parent or friend.
Premenstrual Tension
Premenstrual Tension (PMT or PMS) is when women may have
mood changes and a range of physical and emotional changes
just before their period begins. It is usually caused by hormonal
changes in the body. Some women get very bad PMT while
others just feel a bit uncomfortable.
Menstrual cycle
The time it takes from the first day of your period to just before
your next period is called the menstrual cycle. Your cycle can be
anything from 21 to 42 days but medical books tend to take 28
days as the average. The days below are merely an example of
an average cycle.
l D
ay one of your period is the first day of your cycle.
l D
ays 6-11, the lining of the womb gets thicker so that the
fertilised egg can grow.
l D
ays 11-16, ovulation, when the egg is released from the
ovary in which it is stored. This is your most fertile stage
which means you are more likely to become pregnant if you
have sexual intercourse. You calculate from the first day of
your last period.
l D
ays 17-28, if you are not pregnant, the lining of the womb
comes away, causing your period. The blood comes out
through your vagina.
If your menstrual cycle is longer than 28 days, ovulation takes
place around 12 to 16 days before the beginning of your next
period.
Other Changes
Breasts
Breasts become larger (size varies) and more sensitive. The
area around the nipple may become wider and darken in colour.
Pubic Hair
Hair usually grows in a triangular shape in the pubic area. You
may have a lot of hair or not very much. We are all different.
Some people don’t realise people have pubic hair as it is often
removed by using a special cream or by going to a beautician to
have it waxed. But we all get pubic hair once we hit puberty.
Hygiene
We all have our natural body scents. To keep your body smelling
pleasant you will need to wash regularly, particularly once
puberty starts.
ciara’s
experience
Change is supposed to be good, but surely
changes that make you more spotty, sweaty,
increase your body size and a lot more
awareness when members of the opposite
sex are within a ten mile radius and that an
unstoppable bright red flush creeps up your
neck and doesn’t stop and you end up shining
like a beacon – surely this can’t be good
change??????
Well, my friends and I certainly didn’t think so.
We moaned constantly and continually – that is
until we realised that along with these changes
came more welcome ones – more noticeably
larger breasts and womanly curves (eventually).
having a look at your body
By examining your own body you can learn to understand
it and this will help you to be less self-conscious. It may
also help to understand your body for when you start to
have sex.
But then – Uh Oh the thing your mother has
been waiting for so that she can squawk and
squeal “My baby’s finally a woman” (much to
my eternal embarrassment). PERIODS – This
is it – The one that made me curse the male
sex for not being able to experience the strange
emotional, slightly painful (cramps) and having
to buy those ugly but comfortable big knickers.
But I do take some childish relish when after
overreacting to some little thing again! (PMT)
realisation slowly dawns.
So what I’m trying to say is that puberty is a
very mixed bag but once I knew what was
happening, I was fine.
pubic hair
urethra
labia major
Vulva The vulva is the name for the female genitals
which are outside the body. The parts of the vulva vary in
size, shape and colour from woman to woman. Your vulva
lies between your legs and is therefore not as visible as a
man’s penis. To see your genitals you can sit or stand with
your legs apart with a mirror facing your genitals.
Labia The two labia (lips) help protect the genital area.
When you are sexually aroused, they make a discharge
that softens and moistens the vagina. They can be very
sensitive during sex. The labia vary in size and shape from
woman to woman.
The Clitoris (from the Greek word for key) is the most
sensitive part of the vulva. It gets bigger during sexual
arousal and helps produce an orgasm.The clitoris is a little
bundle of nerve endings and is there purely for pleasure.
The Vagina is an opening which can stretch to hold
an erect penis inside or to allow a baby to be born through
it. This is also where blood flows out during a period. The
opening to the urethra is just in front of the vagina and this
is where urine comes out. The vagina has natural healthy
bacteria to keep it healthy; this creates a discharge which
is normal. Some women use products to clean the vagina
but these are unnecessary and may even harm the natural
bacteria.
clitoris
labia minus
vaginal opening
anus
inside bits
FEMALE SEX
ORGANS
The G Spot Some people say they have none and others believe there
are many. G Spots may be found (not easily) along the wall of the vagina.
Some women find it very exciting when a G spot is touched. Other women
do not find it particularly exciting at all. We are all different.
pubic hair
The Cervix is the lower part of the uterus and you can feel it by putting
your fingers up to the top of the vagina where it feels soft and smooth to the
touch. The Cervix gets wider when a woman is giving birth.
shaft
penis
The Hymen is a thin membrane inside and near
the vaginal opening. If
it has not already scrotum
been broken by either physical activity or tampon use
you might experience some slight bleeding the first time you have sexual
intercourse.
glans
foreskin
The Uterus (Womb) lies at the top of theurethra
vagina. It is pear shaped and
about the size of a clenched fist with muscular walls. It has an inner lining
that thickens each month so that it can receive an egg, if it is fertilised.
This is where a baby develops and grows for 9 months.
relationships
Your teenage years can be very exciting and great fun. But you
may also feel very lonely, jealous, excluded and insecure at times.
It is good to be in touch with your thoughts and feelings and learn
to express them.
If you ever feel depressed or even suicidal and think the world
would be better without you, THIS IS NOT TRUE. You are unique
and there are people who can help you. Try to talk to someone you
know and trust and/or contact the Samaritans at 116 123 which is
a free call number.
With Parents
During your teens you may become more involved with your
friends and more independent of your parents. As your hormones
are changing and you are becoming more independent, your
relationship with your parents may change and there may be more
arguments. There is nothing unusual about this and it doesn’t last
forever. It can be a difficult time for parents too and talking about
your feelings can help.
With Friends
“Friends are like pillars on your porch. Sometimes they hold you
up and sometimes they lean on you. And sometimes it’s enough to
know that they are standing by.”
As well as being supportive, some of your friends may be urging
you to do things you are not comfortable with. Or you may not
always like the way they behave towards you. You have a right
to be yourself and to make your own decisions and so do your
friends. Learning to be assertive and to take responsibility for your
life are useful skills for relationships and sexual health.
It is also important to consider how you behave with your friends.
Are you tuned in to their thoughts and feelings?
SEXUALITY
Sexuality is a fundamental part of being human. It means
much more than sex and sexual intercourse. It is what
drives us to develop relationships where we can be
sensual, loving and intimate. It influences our
thoughts emotions and behaviours. Our feelings
about sexuality are an important influence on our
sexual health.
Sexual Relationships
After puberty you may experience new sexual
thoughts and feelings. You may begin to feel
sexually attracted to people of the opposite
sex, same sex or both. You may
become curious about sex and start
experimenting when you feel you
are ready.
The Age Of
Consent For
Sexual
Intercourse In
Ireland Is 17
Sexual Health is having a positive, informed and respectful
approach to your sexuality and needs and also those of others.
Sexual ORIENTATION
Sexual Orientation refers to who we feel attracted to. Heterosexuals
are attracted to people of the opposite sex; homosexuals (gays,
lesbians) are attracted to people of the same sex and bisexuals are
attracted to people of both sexes. Transgender people feel their
identity does not fit the gender they were assigned when they were
born. Transgender people may identify themselves as heterosexual,
lesbian, gay or bisexual.
Sex is much more than Sexual Intercourse
While there is no set pattern to good sexual relationships, you can
have fun, be safe and learn useful skills by not rushing into sexual
intercourse. Flirting, chatting up, hanging out, dating, breaking up,
touching, holding hands, kissing, talking, fondling outside clothes,
fondling under clothes, simulating of genitals etc… are all part of
developing sexual relationships.
How do you want to start your sexual life?
It might seem weird but this is an important question. Many
people may just have sex with someone because they don’t want to
say no or be left out. Or they may start their sexual life while they
are drunk, sometimes too drunk to remember. There is only one
first time, so don’t miss it.
Some
dating
Tips
• Take your time. Sometimes
you just have to wait for the
right person to come along…
• Think about what you do/
don’t want from your
relationships
• Find someone who likes you
back
• Relax and be yourself
• Be aware of body language
and chemistry
• Don’t give in to pressure
• Give it a chance but don’t get
too deep if you don’t want to.
You are young!
• Know when you want to move
on/break up
• If you are sexually active,
THINK CONTRACEPTION
and protection, EVERY time
• Be independent, make your
own mind up, have friends
and fun.
www.sexualhealthcentre.com
You do not have to have sex if you don’t want to
If you decide not to have sex, this is
okay and you should not let other people
pressurise you.
l Some people get caught up in behaving in negative ways just because they make a few mistakes
l Although people say that “everyone is doing it”, this is not true.
If you start your sexual life in a way that does
not suit, you can change. You can say no at
any stage in a relationship if that is what you
want. You are more likely to enjoy your sexual
experiences if you wait until you feel ready and
you want it for yourself, not just to please other
people.
l Some people who rush into sexual activity and don’t make their own choices often feel hurt and confused afterwards.
l Some people have sexual intercourse before they are ready and regret it later in life
l
Some people have unplanned sex, risking pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, even on their first sexual experience
If you have problems, speak to someone you
know/trust or www.sexualhealthcentre.com
or one of the organisations listed on the
back cover.
Rape and Sexual Abuse
A sexual act is abusive when you or your
partner do not consent to it, are pressurised or
intimidated into having sex. If you are forced,
threatened, pressurised, tricked or intimidated
into sex or you do these to another person, then
this is abusive. It is NEVER right.
Child sexual abuse is when a child is used by
another person for his or her pleasure or sexual
arousal or for that of others. If you are worried
about sexual abuse please contact a rape crisis or
sexual violence centre which supports people who
have been sexually assaulted or abused.
Sexuality And Disability
It is sometimes overlooked that people with
disabilities have sexual needs and feelings. If you
have a disability you might find that these needs,
thoughts and feelings are often not recognised,
even by people who really care for you.
Many people with disabilities say they feel very
lonely and find it hard to have good sexual
relationships. Many others say that their disability
does not interfere. Sexuality is about being sensual
as well as being sexual. Our country is slowly
changing so that there is less prejudice against
people with disabilities and greater recognition of
your rights. You can phone the organisations listed
on the back cover for further information and
support.
If a person says
NO to sex, they
mean NO
sexual relationships
Puberty brings changes in feelings as well as bodily
changes. Sexual desire becomes a more important part
of healthy social and personal relationships. It helps
to get to know your own thoughts and feelings so you
know what is right for you.
Sex can be one of life’s greatest pleasures. But it can also be very
disappointing, frustrating or embarrassing. It can make you feel very
vulnerable. It helps if we understand our sexuality and can communicate
with our partners. Intimacy takes time and familiarity. There are many
things involved in sex that can make it enjoyable for both people.
sexual activities
Masturbation refers to stimulating your own genitals (self) or
those of another (mutual). It is perfectly normal and safe. Knowing
how your own body gets turned on can really help, if and when you
do have sex with someone. If you know what you like then you can
show the other person what works for you.
Orgasm is the climax or peak of sexual excitement.
It usually
involves pleasurable feelings and rhythmic contractions of the
muscles. For males, ejaculation usually happens at the same time
as orgasm. Women don’t find it as easy to climax as men and will
probably need more time. On the other hand, they can have many
orgasms.
Kissing/French Kissing Most sexual experiences will start
with a kiss or at least include kissing at some point. Everyone has
their own individual style of kissing and so it can be very useful to
take your time. There are many ways of kissing and exploring them
is another reason not to rush into sexual intercourse.
Safer Sex Sex is not just about having sexual intercourse. It can
include lots of things like kissing, touching, fondling, mutual or selfmasturbation. Safer sex is giving and getting sexual pleasure without
passing semen, vaginal fluids or blood into your or your partner’s
body. Safer sex helps protect you against STIs (see section on
condoms and STIs). Some people think that safer sex is boring but it
can actually make your sexual life more fun and interesting.
Oral Sex is using the mouth or tongue to arouse the genitals of a
sexual partner. Oral sex can be given and received by both men and
women. Oral sex is a choice, some people love it and others don’t
like it at all. It is important that you are comfortable with what you
do. Do not give oral sex if you have cold sores, as you could spread
herpes (see section on STIs). Flavoured condoms can be used for
oral sex.
Vaginal Intercourse Most often includes the man putting
his penis into the woman’s vagina and having sexual intercourse
with various rhythmic movements until one or both of them climax or
orgasm.
Anal Sex is when the man puts his penis into the back passage
(anus) of his partner. Anal sex is often highly risky sex and if you are
having anal sex it is very important to use a good quality condom and
lubricant. Anal sex is not a means of preventing pregnancy.
Know Who You Are With
If you are sexually active (and remember most young people are not
having sexual intercourse) you could consider what John, a peer
educator says:
“know who you are with. You should consider your own and your
partner’s sexual history. And if you are not planning on being a parent
or getting a sexually transmitted infection, then you should use a
condom and probably another form of contraception too”.
If you move from one sexual relationship to another you may come in
contact with an STI (sexually transmitted infection) and you may pass
one on to your other partner without meaning to. See the section on
STIs for further information.
It is important that you are
comfortable with what you
do and you should never feel
pressurised into doing things
you are not happy about.
same sex
relationships
You may know from a very young age if you
are gay, straight, bisexual or transgender.
Or, you may not. Or, you may be attracted
to someone of the same sex and not
necessarily identify as LGB.
There is nothing unusual about being attracted to someone of the
same sex and it does not necessarily mean that you are gay, lesbian or
bisexual.
If you are gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender you have as much right
to love and fancy the person you choose as a heterosexual person
does. Once you accept yourself, you can choose friends and
partners who are supportive of your choices.
It may be difficult for you to be open about your sexual
feelings. “Coming out” is a process of accepting
yourself and deciding when to share your sexual
identity with others. This process can be
exciting, daunting, confusing and you may feel
isolated from others at times. What is important
is that you know you are not alone.
We are all
responsible for
standing up against
homophobia! There are groups around the
country such as BelongTo, and
the sexual health organisations
listed on the back cover, you
can contact for information
and support.
becky’s
experience
I knew I was a lesbian from a young age. I
had crushes on other girls and women. I
felt very negative about my body. It got
to be quite depressing. I did not want to
be sexually attractive to men. I suppose I
came out to myself first, and then thought
okay now, I’m gay and what do I do? I
heard of this group for women just coming
out and I went there.
I was petrified about having sex with a
woman. What exactly do you do? It was all
unknown territory to me and I was afraid.
Looking back now and where I am now, I’ve
come a long way. Sometimes sex can be
kind of scary but in a nice way – like a big
wheel or a rollercoaster ride.
contraception
Condoms are the only form of contraceptive that offer
protection against most STIs.
Contraceptives are used to prevent unwanted pregnancy.
Hormonal contraception works by stopping the eggs from being released from the ovaries.
It is important to weigh up the advantages and disadvantages of each method and find one
that meets your particular needs.
If able, ask your parents for advice on contraception
before entering a relationship.
You can also go to your GP or Family Planning Clinic where there are
professionals who can advise you on the method most suited to you.
See www.sexualhealthcentre.com for more information on contraception
CONDOM CHECKLIST
Always check the date on the packet and never use
any condom that is passed its use by date.
BARRIER CONTRACEPTION
Make sure that the condom you are using has a
safety mark e.g. CE
Condoms
Keep your condoms away from heat, light and damp
as these can damage them. Carry them in a safe
place.
• These work by stopping the sperm from entering the body and
preventing fertilisation.
• They are considered to be 98% effective against pregnancy when
properly used. (See our condom checklist).
The Diaphragm (the cap)
• The diaphragm is a dome of thick rubber which fits inside the
vagina over the cervix. It acts as a barrier to stop the sperm
reaching an egg.
• It must be inserted prior to sex and left in for a number of hours
after sex. The diaphragm must also be used in conjunction with
spermicidal gel.
• It must be specially fitted for each individual person.
• The diaphragm does not provide protection against Sexually
Transmitted Infections.
WITHDRAWAL IS NOT A FORM OF CONTRACEPTION
Some people think
that if you have sexual
intercourse and the
man withdraws from
the woman before he
ejaculates you will not
get pregnant.
This is NOT TRUE as fluid containing sperm (precum) comes
out of the top of the penis when it is erect and this can cause
pregnancy and STIs.
Open the packet carefully and watch out for nails,
jewellery etc. as they can tear a condom easily.
Wait for the penis to go hard. With one hand,
squeeze the tip of the condom with your thumb
and finger to get rid of all the air at the tip. Put the
condom on the penis with the other hand and roll it
all the way down. Be sure to put it on with the roll
on the outside.
If you need lubricant (wet stuff) make sure it is a
water based lubricant. Never use anything that is oil
based such as Vaseline, baby oil etc. as these will rot
the condom really quickly and will mean that it won’t
protect you.
Withdraw the penis straightaway after ejaculation.
Hold the condom firmly at the base of the penis to
stop any leaks.
Knot the base of the condom, check for any tears,
wrap it in a tissue and throw it in the bin. Do not
throw it down the toilet, as condoms won’t flush!!
Always only use one condom at a time and do not
re-use.
If you’ve never used a condom before, practice by
yourself first. Girls can practice on a cucumber or
banana …
Condoms are available from
SHC, YHS, GOSHH & SQUASHY COUCH
NOT ALL WOMEN CAN USE HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION.
CHECK WITH YOUR GP OR CLINIC
HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION
The pill
Implants (sometimes referred to as The Bar)
• The pill is prescribed for a woman by her doctor or at a clinic.
• These are flexible tubes containing hormone.
• It works by stopping eggs being released from the woman’s
ovaries.
• They prevent ovulation and are a long term contraceptive, lasting
up to 3 years.
• It must always be taken as prescribed.
• They are placed under the skin on the inside of the arm by a
doctor.
• If taken correctly (every day) the pill is considered to be 99%
effective against pregnancy.
• If you have been vomiting or you forget to take the pill you may
not be protected. It is important to always use a condom for
7/10 days afterwards.
• The pill does not provide any protection against Sexually
Transmitted Infections.
The Patch
• Patches are thin, beige and about the size of a matchbox.
• They work by releasing hormones through the skin which stop
the eggs from being released from the ovaries.
• They can be applied to various parts of the body but should not
be put on the breasts or anywhere above the neck.
• They are used for three of the four weeks of the cycle and are
changed weekly.
• Patches do not provide protection against Sexually Transmitted
Infections.
EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION
• Implants do not provide protection against Sexually Transmitted
Infections.
Contraceptive Injections
• These injections slowly release the hormone progestogen.
• They work by stopping ovulation and prevent fertilisation.
• Each injection lasts for 8-12 weeks.
• Contraceptive injections do not provide protection against
Sexually Transmitted Infections.
The intrauterine device (IUD)
• The IUD (or coil) is a small piece of plastic and copper placed
inside the womb by a doctor.
• The Mirena and JayDez IUDs are plastic and contain hormones.
• This method is normally prescribed to women who have already
experienced a pregnancy.
• It lasts for 3-10 years.
• The IUD does not provide protection against Sexually
Transmitted Infections.
(sometimes referred to as the Morning After Pill)
• This can be used if you had sex without contraception or if you
think your contraception may not have worked.
• Emergency contraception is a high dose of hormone which
can stop ovulation and /or makes the womb shed its lining
preventing fertilisation.
• Emergency contraception must be taken within 72 hours of
unprotected sex.
• The earlier emergency contraception is taken (within 24 hours),
the more effective it will be.
• The 72 hour pill is available from many pharmacies, GPs or
family planning clinics. There is also a 5 day pill which is only
available from GPs and family planning clinics.
• Emergency contraception is for emergencies only and is not a
substitute for contraception.
• Emergency contraception does not provide any protection from
Sexually Transmitted Infections.
getting pregnant
Sexual intercourse can lead to pregnancy. If you are worried about being
pregnant, talk to someone you trust or telephone an organisation for help.
Read the section on your menstrual cycle first. You can get pregnant at any
stage during your menstrual cycle.
IF YOU HAVE AN UNPLANNED
PREGANCY, OR ARE NOT SURE
HOW YOU FEEL,
ASK FOR SUPPORT.
How do you know if you are pregnant?
If you have had sexual intercourse and have missed a period, have
more swollen or tingly breasts than usual, vaginal discharge has
changed and you need to urinate more often then you may be
pregnant. You can tell for sure by having a pregnancy test. It can be a
good idea to take a parent or friend with you when you are having the
test as you may need the support.
Pregnancy Tests
If you think you may be pregnant you can have a pregnancy test
with a GP or at a clinic. You can also avail of free pregnancy tests at
the Sexual Health Centre and YHS in Cork, or the Squashy Couch in
Waterford.
If you are pregnant
If you discover that you are pregnant you may be scared or
apprehensive about telling your parents. Although parents can
be shocked when they first hear you are pregnant, most are very
supportive and will want to help you. If you are worried about telling
your parents, you could first talk to a trusted adult friend or ring a
sexual health organisation and ask to speak with a counsellor before
you talk to your parents.
Keeping your baby
If you decide to continue with your pregnancy this may seem like
an overwhelming prospect but there are people that can help you
throughout your pregnancy and afterwards. There are organisations
there to support you. See the HSE CPP Positive Options website
for information about support agencies and those that offer free
unplanned pregnancy counselling.
Fostering/Adoption
You might also consider fostering or adoption for your baby. Whatever
option you take can be a very difficult decision and you should make
sure that you make the choice that is most comfortable and right for
you. Again there are agencies that help you with any information you
may need on the HSE CPP Positive Options website.
CONCEPTION
pregnancy and birth
l If you are pregnant you should tell your parents as soon as you are able to and it is important to contact a doctor.
l It is best to cut out alcohol, cigarettes and any other drugs that can harm your baby. Your general health and your diet are even more important now to help produce a healthy baby.
l During the first three months you may experience sickness and feel a little more tired than usual.
l Most, but not all, women feel very healthy and energetic during
the second trimester (3-6 months) of their pregnancy.
l By the third trimester you will probably begin to feel the size and weight of the baby which may make you feel tired and uncomfortable.
l It can be helpful and rewarding if the father is involved, where possible, with the pregnancy and birth of the baby.
Folic Acid
As many pregnancies are unplanned it is often advised
that women of child bearing age take folic acid which helps
pregnant women to produce a healthy baby.
Abortion
Conception begins when the male sperm
and female egg meet and unite in the
woman’s fallopian tubes.
Conception is the start of a nine month
pregnancy that normally ends with the
birth of a child.
Ovulation is when the egg is released
from the ovary. This is the time you are
most likely to get pregnant. It usually
happens around 11 to 16 days into your
cycle. However every woman differs, so
do not take this for granted. Get to know
your own cycle.
The sperm is ejaculated into the female
vagina during sexual intercourse. If the
egg is fertilised (when the male sperm
meets the female ovum), it travels up
the fallopian tube to the uterus where it
embeds in the lining.
Hundreds of millions of sperm are
ejaculated but it just takes a single
sperm to fertilise the woman’s egg.
There are two ovaries at the end of
each fallopian tube. They produce and
store the eggs (ova). Each egg has the
potential to be fertilised by a sperm.
Abortion means that the pregnancy is ended by a medical
procedure. Abortion is not legal in Ireland. It is legal to give
information and support to people experiencing a crisis or unplanned
pregnancy. Abortion is a very emotional subject and it is extremely
important to seek help from a reputable agency. See the HSE CPP
Positive Options website for information.
UNPLANNED PREGNANCY
COUNSELLING AGENCIES
CAN OFFER SUPPORT IF
YOU ARE PREGNANT SO
THAT YOU CAN DISCUSS
ALL YOUR OPTIONS
If you would like further information
or support with a crisis pregnancy,
look up the HSE CPP Positive Options
website or our website at
www.sexualhealthcentre.com.
If you prefer, you can phone the SHC
helpline at 021-4276676
People under
29 have
the highest
rates of
STIs in Ireland
sexually transmitted
infections (stis)
Sex can be fun and pleasurable, but if you want to stay healthy, you need to take
precautions. When you have unprotected sexual contact with a person you may
pick up an infection from them. A person who has an STI can pass it on to another
person without even realising. STIs are increasing in Ireland. The best way to avoid
them is to know about them and protect yourself.
Who is at risk?
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You can have
an STI and not
know it
TIs are on the increase in Ireland.
S
Many people in Ireland have Chlamydia and do not know they have it.
You can get an STI the first time you have sex.
You do not need to have penetrative sex to contract an STI.
How do you know if you have an STI?
l O
ften you can have an STI and show no symptoms.
l It is possible to have more than one STI at a time.
l The only way to find out if you have an STI is to be tested.
Having an STI doesn’t
mean you are dirty
Some of the most common symptoms are:
l
l
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l
l
nusual or unpleasant discharge from your vagina, penis or anus.
U
Pain or burning when urinating.
Unusual pain during intercourse.
Pain and swelling of the groin area and testes.
Irritation, rashes, sore patches, lumps around the genitals or anus.
you cannot tell if
someone has an sti
just by looking at them
can you tell which one could have an STI?
The only way to be 100% sure of
avoiding STIs is not to have sex or
to have sex in a monogamous (one)
relationship where both partners
are free of STIs.
Most STIs are
easily treated and
cured
How can you reduce the risk of STIs?
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Condoms help protect against most STIs, so use them correctly every time you have sex
Avoid oral sex if you or your partner has sores on the mouth, gums or genitals.
Use flavoured condoms.
Anal sex is a high risk activity for STI transmission. You must always use a good quality condom and lubricant.
Be careful if using drugs or alcohol, as they can make you do things that you might regret and
leave you more open to taking risks.
Have regular check-ups for STIs. We recommend that sexually active people get tested once a year.
You and your partner could have STI screenings before starting a new relationship.
If you are worried that you may have an STI, get tested. See back page for contact details.
Where can you get help?
l Your local STI Clinic offers a free and confidential screening and treatment.
l The clinics can be busy so it is best to telephone as most clinics work by an appointment only basis.
l You can contact the organisations listed on the back cover of this booklet for information in your area.
Treatment
Bacterial infections such as Chlamydia, Syphilis and Gonorrhoea are treated with antibiotics.
Warts are treatable with solutions but the virus can remain in your body forever, which means the warts can reoccur.
Herpes can be treated with medication to help relieve the symptoms, but the virus can remain in the system,
so symptoms may reoccur.
HIV cannot be cured but very effective treatments are now available to help people with HIV live a healthy life.
Pubic lice are treatable with lotions from the STI clinic or a GP.
STIs can be very
dangerous if they
are not treated
(answer: any or all of them)
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most common
stis
STIs can have long medical sounding names. They may be caused
by a virus (Genital warts, HIV, Hepatitis A + B and Herpes), bacteria
(Chlamydia, Gonorrhoea and Syphilis) or by skin contact (Public lice,
crabs). Some of the more common STIs in Ireland are Genital warts
and Chlamydia. Get tested if you have ever had unprotected sex or
had a condom break.
Chlamydia:
(Pronounced cla-mid-e-a)
Chlamydia is the most common curable
bacterial infection.
Why should you care?
Chlamydia is the most frequently reported
STI in Ireland. Many people in Ireland
have Chlamydia and do not know that
they have it as quite often it shows no
symptoms. If you have Chlamydia and it is
not treated you can get serious infections
and may become infertile (not be able to
get pregnant).
What can you do about it?
Chlamydia is easy to treat if diagnosed
early with special antibiotics prescribed by
a GP or STI clinic.
HIV
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is
a virus which can damage the immune
system. HIV is transmitted through
semen, vaginal fluid, blood and breast
milk.
Why should you care?
Once HIV is in your body, it is there
forever. If untreated, HIV can lead to AIDS
(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome).
What can you do about it?
There is no cure for HIV, but there are
treatments to help stop it damaging the
immune system so you remain healthy.
If you are worried about HIV, you can
have a blood test done to check for
HIV. You can have a rapid HIV test at
some sexual health centres: see www.
sexualhealthcentre.com for information.
Ano-genital Warts
Ano-genital Warts are caused by a virus
(The Human Papilloma Virus). Warts can
be small or large lumps. The warts that
people sometimes get on their hands
cannot be transferred to genitals.
Why should you care?
Ano-genital warts are the second most
reported STI in Ireland. You can pass on
the wart virus fairly easily by skin contact.
Warts are easy to treat but the wart virus
can sometimes be in your body for about
a year before you see any growths. You
could pass it on without even knowing you
have it. Once you get the wart virus it can
remain in your body and symptoms may
reoccur.
What can you do about them?
Warts can be removed or treated at a
clinic. It may take a few treatments at a
clinic to remove them.
Genital Herpes
(Pronounced gen-it-al hurr-pees)
Genital Herpes is caused by
a virus called herpes simplex.
Type 1 of this virus is normally found
around the mouth and causes what we
know as cold sores. Cold sores are quite
common and almost ALL of them are not
an STI. Type 2 is found around the genitals
and causes genital herpes (sores).
What can you do about it?
You can get treatment to help with
the symptoms. It also helps to relieve
symptoms when they appear, if you keep
the genital area cool and dry, wear loose
cotton underwear and avoid tight clothing
and sunlight.
Gonorrhoea
(gon-or-ee-a)
Gonorrhoea has recently been increasing
in Ireland. Gonorrhoea is caused by
bacterium and is transmitted during
unprotected vaginal, anal or oral sex with
an infected person and from an infected
mother to her baby during childbirth.
Why should you care?
Over 80% of women and over 50% of men
who have gonorrhoea may have mild or no
symptoms. There are sometimes serious
complications if it is left untreated.
What can you do about it?
Correct use of condoms can reduce the
risk of transmission. Gonorrhoea is treated
with antibiotics. You can have a test at an
STI clinic
Other STIs
include Trichomoniasis (tric-o-monas), No
Specific Urethritis (NSU), Syphilis (cif-ill-is)
and Hepatitis.
Why should you care?
Once you have the herpes virus it stays in
your body. It can be possible to pass on
cold sores from the mouth to the genital
area through oral sex. The symptoms
can be painful and can make people feel
unwell.
You can get more information
about them on...
www.sexualhealthcentre.com
or from the organisations listed on
the back cover
other
influences
Alcohol/Drugs
Binge drinking is on the increase amongst young people in
Ireland, often resulting in increased risk of STIs and unplanned
pregnancy.
You might have risky, unplanned and often unsatisfactory sex
after using alcohol/drugs. You are still responsible for your
behaviour even if you are drunk or using drugs.
Staying Safe whilst Out at night time:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Keep your phone charged and credit topped up
Stay with your friends/group
Let people know where you are
Do not walk home on your own
Keep money for a taxi and only use a licensed taxi service
Never leave your drink unattended
Never arrange to meet someone from the internet you do not
know
Do not accept drink or drugs from a stranger
If drinking, do so responsibly and remember to look after
yourself and your friends.
Internet
The internet is a great source of information; however the
information provided on internet sites is not always correct/true.
See the websites of the organisations referenced on the cover.
Be careful posting pictures or personal information onto the
internet as it becomes available for everyone to see.
Social Media
Social media provides a great opportunity for communicating with
others. You can improve your safe use of social media if you:
•
•
•
•
•
•
limit the amount of personal information on your social media
profile e.g. schools, hometowns and full date of birth etc.
Accept only people you actively know as your friends, as
unfortunately some people are not who they say they are.
If chatting online, only speak with people you know
Do not let any photos be taken of you via webcam.
If you experience any bullying while online, block or report that
person and try to tell somebody.
www.spunout.ie/tag/cyber+bullying/
Remember: WWW means World Wide Web.
Media and body image
You might enjoy looking at pictures of celebrities but the majority
of pictures that we see are photoshopped / computer enhanced
‘perfect’ portrayals of these stars.
In the “real world”, people are all different shades, shapes and sizes.
If you are experiencing anxiety over your bodyshape/image, you are
not alone. Contact a support network such www.bodywhys.ie or any
of the organisations listed on the back cover.
Pornography (Porn)
•
Peer Pressure - You don’t
have to follow the crowd.
Stay safe! Only do what you
really want to do.
•
•
Pornography can be unrealistic and exploitative. It can distort
your expectations about sex and relationships.
Some people feel that pornography puts undue pressure on
them to engage in sexual activities that they are uncomfortable
with or to look like the images in porn films.
Pornography is an industry. It does not portray normal lives of
normal people.
are you ready...
the age of consent for
sexual intercourse is 17
or not quite yet?
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Remember too that just
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You probably won’t be ready for sex
until you can tick all these boxes
but remember even once you are
ready –
it still doesn’t mean you have to!
FREQUENTLY ASKED
QUESTIONS
Q. Does it hurt the first time somebody has sex?
A. Sexual intercourse should not be painful for either males or
females; however the first time can be a daunting new experience
and may be slightly uncomfortable for some people at first.
Q. Is it safer to use 2 condoms?
A. NEVER use two condoms together as this will cause friction and
make the condoms tear / break. Using one condom correctly and
safely every time is all that is required.
Q. Can flavoured condoms be used
for penetrative sex?
A. NO, flavoured condoms are not designed to be used in
penetrative intercourse, they can tear or break. They are to be used
in Oral sex only.
Q. If someone swallows sperm can
they get pregnant?
A. NO, you cannot get pregnant if you swallow sperm. Sperm has
to enter the vagina for pregnancy to occur. However there is a risk
of STI infection.
Q. Do all women orgasm?
A. Orgasms are different for men and women. Everybody is
different and will experience orgasm and sex in different ways. It is
important to be relaxed and comfortable with your own body.
Q. Can a girl get pregnant
during her period?
A. Yes it is possible for someone to get pregnant during their
period as a person may ovulate (release an egg) more than
once a month. Even though there is a more fertile time of the
month (11-16 days into a woman’s cycle), there is never a
100% safe time of the month.
Q. What is a yeast infection (thrush)?
A. Any woman can get a yeast infection, even if she is not
sexually active. A yeast infection causes a PH imbalance
in the vagina producing a heavy discharge and irritation.
It is easily treated with over the counter products from the
pharmacy.
Thrush is NOT an STI but can be transferred between
partners during sexual contact. Using non-perfumed products
and wearing cotton underwear can help prevent a yeast
infection from occurring.
Q. What is the average penis size?
A. The average penis size is approximately 3-5 inches when
flaccid (not erect), although every male is different and
should not compare themselves to others. In relation to sexual
activity, penis size does not reflect on someone’s performance
with their partner.
Our services include:
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ex education in schools
S
Sex education for young people in all settings
Drop in advice for young people
Free condoms and demonstrations
Free pregnancy testing
Sexual health workshops – all ages
Teacher and youth worker support
Parents workshops
Free counselling and support
Rapid HIV testing
Free telephone helpline and web chat
You can contact us on 021 4276676 or www.sexualhealthcentre.com
You can call to the SHC or the YHS for free and confidential support
and information. If you live outside of Cork, contact the SHC website for
information about services in your area.
If you want to know more about our
peer education groups for young people
phone our helpline or look up our website.
www.sexualhealthcentre.com
If you want to talk to us you can call our telephone helpline on 021 4276676 or visit www.sexualhealthcentre.com
useful contacts
ACET Ireland
(AIDS Care Education &
Training)
tel: 01 87 87 700
email: [email protected]
www.acet.ie
AIDS West
Ozanam House, St Augustine Street,
Galway
tel: 091 566266
www.aidswest.ie
GOSHH
Gender Orientation Sexual Health
and HIV, Rosewood Place, 18 Davis
Street, Limerick
tel: + 353 (61) 314354
tel: + 353 (87) 8291553
www.goshh.ie
HSE Crisis Pregnancy
Programme
www.positiveoptions.ie
www.crisispregnancy.ie
BeLonGTo
HSE Drugs / HIV Helpline
Cork Gay Project
HSE Health Promotion
Department
Parliament House, 13 Parliament
Street, Dublin 2
tel: 01 670 6223 / 087 7680389
www.belongto.org
tel: 021 4300430
email: [email protected]
gayprojectcork.com
Dublin AIDS Alliance (DAA)
53 Parnell Square West, Dublin 1
tel: 01 873 3799
email: [email protected]
www.dublinaidsalliance.ie
tel: 01-6206083
email: [email protected]
www.hse.ie/drugshivhelpline
Sexual Health Foundation Course
tel: 021 4921641
www.healthpromotion.ie/training
Irish Sexual Health
and HIV Network
www.hivireland.ie
L.Inc
White Street, Cork
tel: 021 4808600
LGBT Helpline
tel: 1890 929 539
www.lgbt.ie
Positive Now
53A Parnell Square West, Dublin 1
tel: 01 873379
Rape Crisis Network Ireland
rcni.ie
Squashy Couch
34 The Mall, Waterford
tel: 051 859000
www.facebook.com/pages/
Squashy-Couch
SpunOut
www.spunout.ie
Youth Health Service (YHS)
Penrose House, Penrose Quay, Cork
tel: 076 1084150
www.yhs.ie
Sexual Health Centre (SHC)
16 Peters Street, Cork
tel: 021 4276676
www.sexualhealthcentre.com
www.besexystayhealthy.com
This resource was written and produced by
The Sexual Health Centre (SHC), Cork who
retain all rights to reproduction.
raven design
www.sexualhealthcentre.com / www.besexystayhealthy.com