Dublin Institute of Design Guide to Referencing; Version 1309
Dublin Institute of Design
Guide to Referencing
Why reference?
When you write an assignment, it is very important to explicitly acknowledge all the sources that you have used.
There are several reasons for this:
•
So that your examiner can see how extensively you have researched the topic.
•
So that your examiner can verify the information that you have referenced.
•
So that your examiner can see which ideas, words, and phrases, are your own, and which ones originate from another
source.
Styles of referencing:
There are many styles of referencing, including Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, MLA and APA. There are many interpretations of
each style, particularly with the recent development of Web 2.0 resources such as blogs and online videos.
At Dublin Institute of Design, we use the Oxford style of referencing, also known as the “documentary/note” style. This style
ensures that the flow of your paragraphs is not interrupted by references, and it also ensures that it is possible to see the full
details of each information source that you refer to, at the bottom of the same page.
There is a specific format for creating a reference for each type of resource. The following table gives examples of how to
reference various types of resources, as well as some useful advice.
Two parts to referencing:
There are two parts to referencing:
•
Footnotes: you will need to apply these throughout your assignment, at every point where your refer to, quote,
paraphrase, or summarise any information source other than yourself.
•
Bibliography: this comes at the end of your assignment. It includes, as a minimum, every source that you have referred
to, quoted, paraphrased or summarised in your assignment. You may wish to extend it to include every information
source that you have consulted during your research, whether or not you mentioned the source in your assignment.
When to Use Footnotes:
You need to use a footnote at any point in the assignment when you:
1
•
Quote directly from any information source other than yourself – this includes books, journal articles, newspaper
articles, blogs and other websites, Youtube and TedTalks videos, television programmes, or movies.
•
Summarise or paraphrase the words or opinions of any information source other than yourself.
•
Make a statement, and wish to show that you have done research on the topic to back it up.
Dublin Institute of Design Guide to Referencing; Version 1309
•
You can also use footnotes if you wish to expand upon something that you have mentioned, but you do not want to
include it in a paragraph as it would interrupt the flow.
If you have researched your assignment extensively, you may wish to refer to lots of sources in your text, and there is no harm in
doing this. You will need to include a footnote for each source that you refer to.
It is desirable that you develop your own ideas and opinions about the topic, and show your ability to analyse, criticise and
speculate. However, it is very important that you do not attempt to pass off another author’s ideas as your own original ideas.
This is known as “plagiarism”, and is a very serious academic offence. The way to avoid this is simply to reference your sources
correctly.
How to Use Footnotes:
1
•
Each reference within the text is marked with a “superscript” raised number like this . The superscript numbers, known
as “note identifiers”, continue, and increase in number, throughout the assignment.
•
The note identifier should come at the end of the relevant sentence in your text. If you are using a long quotation, the
note identifier should come at the end of the quotation.
•
Each note identifier corresponds to a footnote, which is to be found the bottom of the same page.
•
The footnotes must be written in a specific format. Examples of how to write a footnote for various types of resource
are included in this guide.
Footnotes for Repeated Citation of the Same Source:
If you refer to a particular information source repeatedly during your assignment, please use the following format:
•
If you have already created a footnote referring to a particular information source, without creating a footnote for any
other source in between, then use the term “Ibid.”, followed by the relevant page number. If the page number is the
same as that indicated in the previous footnote, there is no need to repeat the page number.
“Ibidem” is a Latin term meaning “the same”. As “ibid.” is an abbreviation, it is followed by a full stop. As it is Latin, it is italicised.
The following is an example of three consecutive footnotes relating to the same information source – the first two on the same
page, and the third on a different page.
1
2
3
1
2
Steven Heller and Lita Talarico, Typography Sketchbooks, Thames and Hudson: London, 2011, p.106.
Ibid.
Ibid., p.124.
This is an example of how a footnote should appear
Dublin Institute of Design Guide to Referencing; Version 1309
•
If you have already created a footnote referring to a particular information source, but you have created one or more
footnotes others source in between, then it is not appropriate to use the term “Ibid.”; to do so would be misleading.
Instead, use the author’s name, followed by “Op. cit.”, followed by the relevant page number.
“Oper citato” is a Latin term meaning “work (already) cited”. As both of the words in the format “Op. cit.” are abbreviated, they
are both followed by full stops. As the phrase is Latin, it is italicised. The following is an example of three footnotes; the first and
third relating to the same information source, and the same page, but the second relating to a different information source.
1
Steven Heller and Lita Talarico, Typography Sketchbooks, Thames and Hudson: London, 2011, p.106.
2
Anna Hudakova, An Exploration of the Impact of Commissions on the Dublin Street Art Scene, (BA Hons Graphic Design Thesis),
Department of Graphic Design, Dublin Institute of Design, 2012, p.42.
3
Steven Heller and Lita Talarico, Op. cit. p.106.
Long quotations:
It is not advisable to have a large number of long quotes throughout your assignment. Instead of using long quotes, it is often
better to paraphrase, and also to use shorter quotes, as part of your own sentences. This demonstrates that you understand the
material that you have read, and that you have incorporated it into your overall understanding of the topic. You must use
double quotation marks, like this: “, rather than single ones like this: ‘. The reason for this is that if you use single quotation
marks, our anti-plagiarism software will not recognise that the quotation is a quotation, and will consider the text to be
plagiarised.
This is an example of a long quotation:
Eskilson explains that today’s corporate advertising environment demands a level of adaptability that the advertising
environment of a bygone era did not.
“In past decades a modernist designer like Paul Rand could create an entire range of corporate identity products simply
by transferring a single, static print design from package to letterhead to product. All of these media were easily
interchangeable. Today, designers need to work in a much more complex environment where they must seamlessly
transfer text and graphics across diverse platforms, often altering the aesthetic of the piece along the way to meet
consumers’ expectations”
1
1
Stephen J. Eskilson, Graphic Design: A New History, Laurence King: London, 2007, p. 396.
Shortened quotation:
If you wish to omit part of the quotation, it is ok to do this, as long as the omission does not change the meaning of what the
author wrote, and as long as the sentence, as it appears on your page, still makes sense and flows well.
This is an example of a shortened quotation:
3
Dublin Institute of Design Guide to Referencing; Version 1309
As stated by Eskilson, today’s corporate advertising environment demands a level of adaptability that the advertising
environment of a bygone era did not.
“In past decades a modernist designer like Paul Rand could create an entire range of corporate identity products simply
by transferring a single, static print design from package to letterhead to product... Today, designers… must seamlessly
transfer text and graphics across diverse platforms, often altering the aesthetic of the piece along the way to meet
consumers’ expectations.”
1
1
Stephen J. Eskilson, Graphic Design: A New History, Laurence King: London, 2007, p. 396.
Summarise:
To summarise is to give a brief overview of what an author wrote or said. It is important not to misrepresent what the author
wrote. It is equally important to use your own words; if you are not using your own words, you are quoting, rather than
summarising, and you should acknowledge this by using quotation marks.
This is an example of how to summarise an author’s work:
According to Eskilson, today’s designers need to adapt and modify their corporate advertising campaigns to suit a wide variety of
1
print and digital media, in a way in which designers in previous times did not need to do .
1
Stephen J. Eskilson, Graphic Design: A New History, Laurence King: London, 2007, p. 396.
Paraphrase:
To paraphrase is to explain an author’s ideas in your own words. This is an opportunity to demonstrate that you understand
what the author is stating. It is important not to misrepresent what the author wrote. It is equally important to use your own
words; if you are not using your own words, you are quoting, rather than paraphrasing, and you should acknowledge this by
using quotation marks.
This is an example of how to paraphrase an author’s words:
Eskilson describes a bygone era in which designers could create a range of corporate identity products with relative ease, by
applying the same print design to correspondence, packaging and product without much modification. He contrasts this with the
current era in which designers have advertise through a much wider variety of print and digital media, and must retain elements
1
of corporate identity while modifying their campaign according to the conventions that consumers associate with each medium .
1
Stephen J. Eskilson, Graphic Design: A New History, Laurence King: London, 2007, p. 396.
4
Dublin Institute of Design Guide to Referencing; Version 1309
Short quotation:
If you are quoting less than a line of an author’s work, there is no need to place it on a separate line, or to indent it. It is
important to make sure that the quotation fits into your sentence, so that your paragraph makes sense and flows well. The
following is an example of an in-text quotation.
Eskilson refers to the adaptability needed in a modern advertising environment in which consumers must be reached and
influenced through a wide variety of media; this necessitates “altering the aesthetic of the piece along the way to meet
1
consumers’ expectations” .
1
Stephen J. Eskilson, Graphic Design: A New History, Laurence King: London, 2007, p. 396.
Not necessary to include author’s name in text:
It’s not always necessary to refer to the author as part of your text. If you wish to make a statement, show that you have done
research to back this up, and you don’t wish to state the author as it would break the flow of your sentence, then there is no
need to state the author’s name in the text. The following is an example:
Today, advertisers must reach and influence consumers through a wide variety of media, and must modify their work to meet the
1
conventions that consumers associate with each medium .
1
Stephen J. Eskilson, Graphic Design: A New History, Laurence King: London, 2007, p. 396.
Citing multiple authors at the same time:
If you are making a statement and you wish to that not just one, but multiple authors, have made this observation, then feel free
to use multiple footnotes, as in this example:
Today, advertisers must reach consumers through a wide variety of media, and must modify their work to meet the conventions
12
that consumers associate with each medium .
1
2
Stephen J. Eskilson, Graphic Design: A New History, Laurence King: London, 2007, p. 396.
th
Alina Wheeler, Designing Brand Identity: An Essential Guide for the Whole Branding Team, 4 edn. Wiley: London, 2012, p. 253.
5
Dublin Institute of Design Guide to Referencing; Version 1309
Bibliography:
The Bibliography comes at the end of your assignment, and it contains every source that you have referred to throughout your
assignment. These sources are to be listed in alphabetical order, according to the name of the author.
Differences between Footnotes and Reference List:
You will notice that the format used in the footnotes, and the format used in the Bibliography, are very similar.
There are a few key differences:
6
•
In the footnotes, the author’s name or initial comes before his/her surname. In the Bibliography, the author’s surname
comes first. If the source is written by an organisation, this difference does not apply.
•
In the footnotes, the sources are listed in the order in which they are mentioned in the text. In the Bibliography, the
sources are listed in alphabetical order, according to the name of the author.
•
Each footnote has a specific number. The entries in the reference list are not numbered.
•
Any given resource can be referred to in the footnotes multiple times, if you refer to it multiple times in your
assignment. Any given resource will only appear once in the reference list.
•
In the case of most types of resource, the footnote will specify the relevant page of the information source, while the
entry in the reference list does not specify a page number – except for the following:
•
In the case of journal articles and chapters in edited books, the footnote will specify the relevant page, e.g. pp.48, while
the entry in the reference list will list the first and last page of the article/chapter, e.g. pp.42-56.
Dublin Institute of Design Guide to Referencing; Version 1309
Types of Resource:
Book: Single Author ............................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Book: Two authors............................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Book: Three Authors ............................................................................................................................................................................ 9
Book: More Than Three Authors ......................................................................................................................................................... 9
Edited Book: Article or Chapter from a Contributing Author .............................................................................................................. 9
Entire Edited Book: Multiple Contributing Authors ............................................................................................................................ 9
Book in a Language Other Than English ............................................................................................................................................ 10
Book that is Translated into English .................................................................................................................................................. 10
Author Referenced in Another Author’s Work. ................................................................................................................................. 10
Book Accessed Online ....................................................................................................................................................................... 10
eBook ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Journal Article: Single Author ........................................................................................................................................................... 10
Journal Article: Two Authors ............................................................................................................................................................. 10
Journal Article: Three Authors ........................................................................................................................................................... 11
Journal Article: More Than Three Authors ........................................................................................................................................ 11
Journal Article: Accessed Online ....................................................................................................................................................... 11
Publication of Group / Organisation / Committee: Hardcopy ........................................................................................................... 11
Publication of Group / Organisation / Committee: Accessed Online ................................................................................................ 11
Regulations, Standards or Guidelines for Building, Hard Copy. ........................................................................................................ 11
Regulations, Standards or Guidelines for Building, Accessed Online. ............................................................................................... 12
Newspaper Article ............................................................................................................................................................................. 12
Newspaper Article in a Separate Section of the Newspaper ............................................................................................................ 12
Newspaper Article; No Author ......................................................................................................................................................... 12
Newspaper Article; Accessed Online ................................................................................................................................................. 12
Online Magazine Article .................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Websites in General .......................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Web Blogs .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Proceedings of Conference, In Print. ................................................................................................................................................. 13
Proceedings of Conference, Accessed Online. .................................................................................................................................. 13
Podcasts............................................................................................................................................................................................. 13
Thesis in print .................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Thesis online ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Article from a CD-Rom ....................................................................................................................................................................... 14
FTP Sites (File Transfer Protocol) ....................................................................................................................................................... 14
Films .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 14
Television Programme ....................................................................................................................................................................... 14
7
Dublin Institute of Design Guide to Referencing; Version 1309
Interview Accessed Online ................................................................................................................................................................ 15
Online Video Clip ............................................................................................................................................................................... 15
YouTube Video of Show Originally Aired on Television..................................................................................................................... 15
Artwork in Museum or Gallery .......................................................................................................................................................... 15
Artwork in Book ................................................................................................................................................................................. 15
Artwork in Online Database .............................................................................................................................................................. 15
Photograph Online ............................................................................................................................................................................ 15
Untitled Photograph Online .............................................................................................................................................................. 16
Print Advertisment ............................................................................................................................................................................ 16
Television Advertisment .................................................................................................................................................................... 16
8
Dublin Institute of Design Guide to Referencing; Version 1309
Source
Book: Single Author
Example of Footnote:
nd
If the book is a 2 or later edition, include this
st
information as shown here. If it is a 1 edition, there is
no need to state this.
Example of Entry in Bibliography:
Conway, Hazel, Design History: a students’
nd
handbook, 2 edn. Routledge: London and New
York, 1995.
1
Hazel Conway, Design History: a students’
nd
handbook, 2 edn., Routledge: London and New
York, 1995, p.49.
Book: Two authors
1
Steven Heller and Lita Talarico, Typography
Sketchbooks, Thames and Hudson: London, 2011,
p.106.
Heller, Steven and Talarico, Lita, Typography
Sketchbooks, Thames and Hudson: London, 2011.
Book: Three Authors
1
Gerhard Meerwein, Bettina Rodeck, and Frank
Mahnke, Color: Communication in Architectural
Space, Birkhauser Verlag: Basel and Boston, 2007,
p.34.
Meerwein, Gerhard, Rodeck, Bettina, and Mahnke,
Frank, Color: Communication in Architectural
Space, Birkhauser Verlag: Basel and Boston, 2007.
Book: More Than
Three Authors
You only need to include the name of the first author.
The others are represented by “et al.”, As this is an
abbreviation of “et alia”, remember to use a full stop.
Glaser, Milton et al., The Design of Dissent: Socially
and Politically Driven Graphic, Rockport:
Glouchester, MA, 2005.
1
Milton Glaser, et al., The Design of Dissent:
Socially and Politically Driven Graphic, Rockport:
Glouchester, MA, 2005, p.67.
Edited Book: Article
or Chapter from a
Contributing Author
Entire Edited Book:
Multiple
Contributing Authors
1
Mike Mills, “Herbert Boyer’s Universal Type in its
Historical Contexts”, in Ellen Lupton and J. Abbott
Miller, (eds.), The ABC’s of Triangle, Square, Circle:
The Bauhaus and Design Theory, Princeton
Architectural Press: New York, 2000, pp.42.
Mills, Mike, “Herbert Boyer’s Universal Type in its
Historical Contexts”, in Ellen Lupton and J. Abbott
Miller, (eds.), The ABC’s of Triangle, Square, Circle:
The Bauhaus and Design Theory, Princeton
Architectural Press: New York, 2000, pp.38-46.
As with any other kind of footnote, refer only to the
specific page that is relevant.
Even if you have read the entire book, it is appropriate
to acknowledge in your footnote the author of the
specific chapter to which you are referring.
In your reference list, you will need to list the first and
last pages of the chapter.
1
Mike Mills, “Herbert Boyer’s Universal Type in its
Historical Contexts”, in Ellen Lupton and J. Abbott
Miller, (eds.), The ABC’s of Triangle, Square, Circle:
The Bauhaus and Design Theory, Princeton
Architectural Press: New York, 2000, pp.42.
9
If you used several chapters of the edited book to
develop your knowledge, it is appropriate to enter the
entire book in your bibliography rather than just one
chapter.
Lupton, Ellen and Abbott Miller, J. (eds.), The ABC’s
of Triangle, Square, Circle: The Bauhaus and
Design Theory, Princeton Architectural Press: New
York, 2000.
Dublin Institute of Design Guide to Referencing; Version 1309
Source
Example of Footnote:
Example of Entry in Bibliography:
Book in a Language
Other Than English
If you used a source in a language other than English,
give the relevant information in the language in which
the source is written, and provide an accurate
translation of the title in square brackets, as in this
example:
Dodsworth, Simon and Desouille, Martine, Les
Fondamentaux du Design d’Intérieur, ]The Basics
of Interior Design], Editions Pyramyd: Paris, 2009.
Simon Dodsworth and Martine Desouille, Les
Fondamentaux du Design d’Intérieur, [The Basics
of Interior Design], Editions Pyramyd: Paris, 2009,
p. 112.
Book that is
Translated into
English
1
Roland Barthes, Image/Music/Text, translated
by Stephen Heath, Hill and Wang: New York,
1977, p.33.
Barthes, Roland. Image/Music/Text, translated by
Stephen Heath, Hill and Wang: New York, 1977.
Author Referenced
in Author’s Work.
In your footnote, provide the names of both authors in
this format.
In your bibliography, provide the reference for the book
which you read, rather than the book that was referred
to by the author.
When you are referring
to the ideas of one
author, cited in the
work of another author.
1
Anthony Smith, Italian Architecture, Penguin:
Melbourne, 2000, cited in David Brown,
Renaissance Italy, Faber and Faber: London,
2002, p.45.
Brown, David, Renaissance Italy, Faber and
Faber: London, 2002.
Book Accessed
Online
1
David Airey, Logo Design Love, New Riders:
Berkeley, CA, 2009, [on-line], at http://pdfworld.net/pdf-2011/logo-design-love-pdf.pdf
(accessed: 12 August 2013)
Airey, David, Logo Design Love, New Riders:
Berkeley, CA, 2009, [on-line], at http://pdfworld.net/pdf-2011/logo-design-love-pdf.pdf
(accessed 12 August 2013)
eBook
Ebooks are to be referenced in precisely the same way
as printed books.
Ebooks are to be referenced in precisely the same way
as printed books.
1
Hazel Conway, Design History: a students’
handbook, Routledge: London and New York,
1995, p.49.
Conway, Hazel, Design History: a students’
handbook, Routledge: London and New York,
1995.
Please put the name of the article in quotation marks,
and put only the name of the journal in italics.
Kraftl, Peter, “Living in an Artwork: the
extraordinary geographies of the HundertwasserHaus, Vienna”, Cultural Geographies, Vol. 16, No.
3, 2009, pp.111–134.
e.g. Google Books
e.g. Amazon Kindle
Journal Article:
Single Author
Not every journal will give volume numbers or issue
numbers. Some will give a season, e.g. Summer.
Please use the information provided by the publisher.
1
Peter Kraftl, “Living in an Artwork: the
extraordinary geographies of the HundertwasserHaus, Vienna”, Cultural Geographies, Vol. 16, No.
3, 2009, pp.124.
Journal Article:
Two Authors
10
1
Katia Perini and Adriano Magliocco, “Integration
of Vegetation in Architecture, Vertical and
Horizontal Greened Surfaces”, International
Journal of Biology, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2012, pp.86.
Perini, Katia and Magliocco, Adriano, “Integration
of Vegetation in Architecture, Vertical and
Horizontal Greened Surfaces”, International
Journal of Biology, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2012, pp.79-91.
Dublin Institute of Design Guide to Referencing; Version 1309
Source
Example of Footnote:
Example of Entry in Bibliography:
Journal Article:
Three Authors
1
Craig Thompson, Aric Rindfleisch, and Zeynep
Arsel, “Emotional Branding and the Strategic
Value of the Doppelgänger Brand Image”, Journal
of Marketing, Vol. 70, No. 1, Jan. 2006, pp.56.
Thompson, Craig, Rindfleisch, Aric and Arsel,
Zeynep, “Emotional Branding and the Strategic
Value of the Doppelgänger Brand Image”, Journal
of Marketing, Vol. 70, No. 1, Jan., 2006, pp.50-64.
Journal Article:
More Than Three
Authors
1
Forlizzi, Jodi et al., “Crafting a Place for Interaction
Design Research at HCI,” Design Issues 24, no. 3
(Summer 2008), pp.19-29.
Journal Article:
Accessed Online
Jodi Forlizzi et al., “Crafting a Place for
Interaction Design Research at HCI,” Design Issues
24, No. 3 (Summer 2008), pp.24
Please include only the name of the first author, and
represent the others with the term “et al”. This is an
abbreviation of “et alia”, so it is necessary to use a full
stop after “al”.
This is a Latin term, and hence should be written in
Italic script.
It is likely that you will be reading journals online more
often than in print. Please use the same information
and the same format as indicated in the above sections,
subsequently adding the online-specific information as
shown here:
Cristina Portugal, “Design in a Critical Visual
Culture Formation”, Cultura Visual, Vol. 16, No. 1,
pp.77, [on-line], at
http://www.portalseer.ufba.br/index.php/rcvisual
/article/viewFile/5339/4612 (accessed: 13 August
2013)
Portugal, Cristina,“Design in a Critical Visual
Culture Formation”, Cultura Visual, Vol. 16, No. 1,
pp.71-84, [on-line], at
http://www.portalseer.ufba.br/index.php/rcvisual
/article/viewFile/5339/4612 (accessed: 13 August
2013)
Publication of Group
/ Organisation /
Committee:
Hardcopy
1
Office of the Deputy Prime Minister and Home
Office, Safer Places, The planning system and
crime prevention, Thomas Telford Ltd: London,
2004, p.49.
Office of the Deputy Prime Minister and Home
Office, Safer Places, The planning system and crime
prevention, Thomas Telford Ltd: London, 2004.
Publication of Group
/ Organisation /
Committee:
Accessed Online
1
The Office of Public Works, “Annual Report
2010”, [on-line] at
http://www.opw.ie/en/media/2010%20Annual%2
0Report%20English.pdf (accessed: 06 August
2013) p.89.
The Office of Public Works, “Annual Report 2010”,
[on-line] at
http://www.opw.ie/en/media/2010%20Annual%2
0Report%20English.pdf (accessed: 06 August 2013)
Regulations,
Standards or
Guidelines for
Building, Hard Copy.
Department of the Environment, Community and
Local Government, Building Regulations 2001,
Technical Guidance Document L: Conservation of
Fuel and Energy – Dwellings, The Stationery
Office: Dublin, 2011, p. 10.
Department of the Environment, Community and
Local Government, Building Regulations 2001,
Technical Guidance Document L: Conservation of
Fuel and Energy – Dwellings, The Stationery Office:
Dublin, 2011.
11
Dublin Institute of Design Guide to Referencing; Version 1309
Source
Example of Footnote:
Example of Entry in Bibliography:
Regulations,
Standards or
Guidelines for
Building, Accessed
Online.
Department of the Environment, Community and
Local Government, Building Regulations 2001,
Technical Guidance Document L: Conservation of
Fuel and Energy – Dwellings, The Stationery
Office: Dublin, 2011, [on-line] at
http://www.environ.ie/en/Publications/Developm
entandHousing/BuildingStandards/FileDownLoad,
27316,en.pdf (accessed: 21 August 2013) p. 10.
Department of the Environment, Community and
Local Government, Building Regulations 2001,
Technical Guidance Document L: Conservation of
Fuel and Energy – Dwellings, The Stationery Office:
Dublin, 2011, [on-line] at
http://www.environ.ie/en/Publications/Developm
entandHousing/BuildingStandards/FileDownLoad,
27316,en.pdf (accessed: 21 August 2013)
Newspaper Article
1
Patrick Freyne, “Arts Co-operative Draws of ‘Free
Space’ to Create a Community-Focused Ethos”,
The Irish Times, 03 August 2013, p.6.
Freyne, Patrick, “Arts Co-operative Draws of ‘Free
Space’ to Create a Community-Focused Ethos”,
The Irish Times, 03 August 2013, p.6.
Newspaper Article
in a Separate Section
of the Newspaper
1
Jack Fagan, “Shake-up at St Stephen’s Green
Centre” The Irish Times, 22 May 2013, Property,
p.5.
Fagan, Jack, “Shake-up at St Stephen’s Green
Centre” The Irish Times, 22 May 2013, Property,
p.5.
Newspaper Article;
No Author
1
Anonymous, “Pays to Advertise” The Sunday
Times, 13 August 1973, p.64.
Anonymous, “Pays to Advertise” The Sunday
Times, 13 August 1973, p.64.
Newspaper Article;
Accessed Online
1
Hari Kunzru, “Postmodernism: from the cutting
edge to the museum” [on-line], Guardian, 15
September 2001, at
http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2011/s
ep/15/postmodernism-cutting-edge-to-museum
(accessed: 15 February 2012)
Kunzru, Hari, “Postmodernism: from the cutting
edge to the museum” [on-line], Guardian, 15
September 2001, at
http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2011/se
p/15/postmodernism-cutting-edge-to-museum
(accessed: 15 February 2012)
Online Magazine
Article
1
Gail Anderson, “The Art of Visual Punning”,
Salon, [on-line], 05 March 2012, at
http://www.salon.com/2012/03/05/wordplay_im
print/ (accessed: 06 August 2013).
Anderson, Gail, “The Art of Visual Punning”, Salon,
[on-line], 05 March 2012, at
http://www.salon.com/2012/03/05/wordplay_imp
rint/ (accessed: 06 August 2013).
Websites in General
If you can identify the author, do so. If not, use the
term “Anonymous”.
This is used when the
publication exists
online only, and there is
no printed copy.
1
Anonymous, “Post-Minimalism” [on-line], 2010,
at http://www.theartstory.org/movement-postminimalism.htm (accessed: 15 April 2012)
12
Anonymous, “Post-Minimalism” [on-line], 2010, at
http://www.theartstory.org/movement-postminimalism.htm (accessed: 15 April 2012)
Dublin Institute of Design Guide to Referencing; Version 1309
Source
Example of Footnote:
Web Blogs
Place the name of the blog entry in quotation marks,
italicise the name of the web blog, and specify that it is
a web blog.
1
Example of Entry in Bibliography:
Michael Sloyer, “Less is More. Less is a Bore”,
The Architectural Mirror, blog, [on-line], 2009, at
http://thearchitecturalmirror.blogspot.com/2009/
02/less-is-more-less-is-bore.html (accessed: 15
Oct 2011)
Sloyer, Michael, “Less is More. Less is a Bore”, The
Architectural Mirror, blog, [on-line], 2009, at
http://thearchitecturalmirror.blogspot.com/2009/
02/less-is-more-less-is-bore.html (accessed: 15 Oct
2011)
Proceedings of
Conference, In Print.
1
Brian David Johnson, “Love and God and Robots:
The Science Behind the Science Fiction Prototype
“Machinery of Love and Grace””, conference
th
paper given at the 7 International Conference on
Intelligent Environments, published in Augusto et
th
al., (Eds.) Workshop Proceedings of the 7
International Conference on Intelligent
Environments, IOS Press: Nottingham, 2011,
pp.102.
Johnson, Brian David, “Love and God and Robots:
The Science Behind the Science Fiction Prototype
“Machinery of Love and Grace””, conference
th
paper given at the 7 International Conference on
Intelligent Environments, published in Augusto et
th
al. (Eds.), Workshop Proceedings of the 7
International Conference on Intelligent
Environments, IOS Press: Nottingham, 2011, pp.
99-127.
Proceedings of
Conference,
Accessed Online.
1
Brian David Johnson, “Love and God and Robots:
The Science Behind the Science Fiction Prototype
“Machinery of Love and Grace””, conference
th
paper given at the 7 International Conference on
Intelligent Environments, published in Augusto et
th
al., (Eds.) Workshop Proceedings of the 7
International Conference on Intelligent
Environments, IOS Press: Nottingham, 2011,
pp.102, [on-line] at
http://dces.essex.ac.uk/Research/iieg/papers(201
1)/CS11_Johnson(2).pdf (accessed 09 August
2013)
Johnson, Brian David, “Love and God and Robots:
The Science Behind the Science Fiction Prototype
“Machinery of Love and Grace””, conference
th
paper given at the 7 International Conference on
Intelligent Environments, published in Augusto et
th
al., (Eds.) Workshop Proceedings of the 7
International Conference on Intelligent
Environments, IOS Press: Nottingham, 2011, pp.99127, [on-line] at
http://dces.essex.ac.uk/Research/iieg/papers(201
1)/CS11_Johnson(2).pdf (accessed 09 August 2013)
Podcasts
Place the name of the podcast episode in quotation
marks, italicise the name of the podcast show, and
specify that it is a podcast.
Design Observer, “Interaction of Colour”, Design
Matters with Debbie Millman, [podcast], at
https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/designmatters-debbie-millman/id328074695 (accessed:
13 August 2013)
Design Observer, “Interaction of Colour”, Design
Matters with Debbie Millman, [podcast], at
https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/designmatters-debbie-millman/id328074695 (accessed:
13 August 2013)
Thesis in print
If the name of the University indicates the city or
location, there is no need to state the location.
1
Anna Hudakova, An Exploration of the Impact of
Commissions on the Dublin Street Art Scene, BA
Hons Graphic Design Thesis, Department of
Graphic Design, Dublin Institute of Design, 2012,
p.42.
13
Hudakova, Anna, An Exploration of the Impact of
Commissions on the Dublin Street Art Scene, BA
Hons Graphic Design Thesis, Department of
Graphic Design, Dublin Institute of Design, 2012.
Dublin Institute of Design Guide to Referencing; Version 1309
Source
Example of Footnote:
Example of Entry in Bibliography:
Thesis online
1
Robert Waller, The Typographic Contribution To
Language: Towards A Model Of Typographic
Genres And Their Underlying Structures,
Unpublished PhD thesis, Department of
Typography and Graphic Communication,
University of Reading, August 1987, [on-line] at
http://www.fb10.unibremen.de/anglistik/langpro/projects/gem/robwa
ller.html (accessed: 12 August 2013)
Waller, Robert, The Typographic Contribution To
Language: Towards A Model Of Typographic
Genres And Their Underlying Structures,
Unpublished PhD thesis, Department of
Typography and Graphic Communication,
University of Reading, August 1987, [on-line] at
http://www.fb10.unibremen.de/anglistik/langpro/projects/gem/robwal
ler.html (accessed: 12 August 2013)
Article from a CDRom
State author’s forename, author’s surname, title
of the contribution (in italics), title of the CD-Rom
(italicised), type of medium [in square brackets],
edition (Mackintosh/PC), place of publication,
publisher and date of publication.
Author’s surname, author’s surname, title of the
contribution (in italics), title of the CD-Rom
(italicised), type of medium [in square brackets],
edition (Mackintosh/PC), place of publication,
publisher and date of publication.
1
William McConnell, “Constitutional History”, The
Canadian Encyclopaedia [CD-Rom], Macintosh 1.1
Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1993.
McConnell, William, “Constitutional History”, The
Canadian Encyclopaedia [CD-Rom], Macintosh 1.1
Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1993.
Author’s forename, author’s surname, title of article (in
quotation marks), title of publication/database
(italicised), type of media [on-line journal]/[on-line
database] in square brackets,
version/edition/series/volume/number of publication,
date of publication, name of database/on-line service
or protocol address, date accessed.
Author’s surname, author’s forename, title of article (in
quotation marks), title of publication/database
(italicised), type of media [on-line journal]/[on-line
database] in square brackets,
version/edition/series/volume/number of publication,
date of publication, name of database/on-line service or
protocol address, date accessed.
1
Norma Schulman, “Conditions of their Own
Making”, Canadian Journal of Communication [online], Vol. 19, No. 1, 1993.
http://hoshi.cic.sfu.ca/calj/cj/BackIssues/18.1/Sch
ulman.htmal (21/08/1991).
Schulman, Norman, “Conditions of their Own
Making”, Canadian Journal of Communication [online], Vol. 19, No. 1, 1993.
http://hoshi.cic.sfu.ca/calj/cj/BackIssues/18.1/Sch
ulman.htmal (21/08/1991).
State the name of the director, the title of the film and
the date it was released, adding information relating to
the edition subsequently.
Romero, George A., Night of the Living Dead, 1968,
[Special Collector’s Edition DVD, 2005].
FTP Sites (File
Transfer Protocol)
Films
1
George A. Romero, Night of the Living Dead,
1968, [Special Collector’s Edition DVD, 2005].
Television
Programme
Cite the channel, the name of the programme and the
broadcast date:
Cite the channel, the name of the programme and the
broadcast date:
1
RTE1, CraftMaster, television programme,
broadcast on 12 August 2013
RTE1, CraftMaster, television programme,
broadcast on 12 August 2013
14
Dublin Institute of Design Guide to Referencing; Version 1309
Source
Example of Footnote:
Example of Entry in Bibliography:
Interview Accessed
Online
Prologue Films, “Danny Yount Interview”, Forget
the Film, Watch the Titles, [on-line], 2009, at
http://www.watchthetitles.com/articles/00157Danny_Yount_interview, (accessed: 30 November
2012).
Prologue Films, “Danny Yount Interview”, Forget
the Film, Watch the Titles, [on-line], 2009, at
http://www.watchthetitles.com/articles/00157Danny_Yount_interview, (accessed: 30 November
2012).
Online Video Clip
1
Chip Kidd, Chip Kidd: Designing books is no
laughing matter. OK, it is., [on-line], TedTalks
lecture, 2013 at
http://www.ted.com/talks/chip_kidd_designing_b
ooks_is_no_laughing_matter_ok_it_is.html
(accessed: 07 August 2013)
Kidd, Chip, Chip Kidd: Designing books is no
laughing matter. OK, it is., [on-line], TedTalks
lecture, 2013 at
http://www.ted.com/talks/chip_kidd_designing_b
ooks_is_no_laughing_matter_ok_it_is.html
(accessed: 07 August 2013)
YouTube Video of
Show Originally
Aired on Television
1
John Berger, Ways of Seeing, Episode 1, [on-line]
Youtube video of television programme aired by
the BBC in 1972, at
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0pDE4VX_9K
k (accessed: 12 August 2013)
1
Artwork in Museum
or Gallery
Gustav Klimt, Pallas Athene, 1898, Historisches
Museum der Stadt Wien, Vienna.
Klimt, Gustav, Pallas Athene, 1898, Historisches
Museum der Stadt Wien, Vienna.
Artwork in Book
Peter Paul Rubens, ‘Samson and Delilah’, 1609, in
Patrick De Rynck, How to Read a Painting:
Decoding, Understanding and Enjoying the Old
Masters, Thames and Hudson: London, 2004, p.
234.
Gustav Klimt, Pallas Athene, 1898, Historisches
Museum der Stadt Wien, Vienna, [on-line], at
http://www.artchive.com/artchive/K/klimt/pallas
_athene.jpg.html (accessed: 20 August 2013)
Rubens, Peter Paul, ‘Samson and Delilah’, 1609, in
Patrick De Rynck, How to Read a Painting:
Decoding, Understanding and Enjoying the Old
Masters, Thames and Hudson: London, 2004.
If the photograph has been given a caption by the
creator of the web-page, place this in quotation marks,
and italicise the name of the web-page.
Anonymous, “Roca London Gallery Interior”,
[image], on Dimitar Dimitrov, Visionary Architect –
Zaha Hadid, [on-line] at
http://www.minimalisti.com/architecture/12/visio
nary-architect-zaha-hadid.html (accessed: 20
August 2013)
Artwork in Online
Database
Photograph Online
Anonymous, “Roca London Gallery Interior”,
[image], on Dimitar Dimitrov, Visionary Architect –
Zaha Hadid, [on-line] at
http://www.minimalisti.com/architecture/12/visi
onary-architect-zaha-hadid.html (accessed: 20
August 2013)
15
Berger, John, Ways of Seeing, Episode 1, [on-line]
Youtube video of television programme aired by
the BBC, 1972, at
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0pDE4VX_9Kk
(accessed: 12 August 2013)
Klimt, Gustav, Pallas Athene, 1898, Historisches
Museum der Stadt Wien, Vienna, [on-line], at
http://www.artchive.com/artchive/K/klimt/pallas_
athene.jpg.html (accessed: 20 August 2013)
Dublin Institute of Design Guide to Referencing; Version 1309
Source
Example of Footnote:
Example of Entry in Bibliography:
Untitled Photograph
Online
If the photograph has not been given a caption, give a
simple description and place this in brackets.
Anonymous, (photograph of Banksy piece),
[image] 2013, on Bansky’s Work, [on-line blog] at
http://banskyswork.blogspot.ie/2013/04/thebanksy-robbo-feud.html (accessed: 21 August
2013)
Anonymous, (photograph of Banksy artwork on
wall), [image] 2013, on Bansky’s Work, [on-line
blog] at
http://banskyswork.blogspot.ie/2013/04/thebanksy-robbo-feud.html (accessed: 21 August
2013)
Print Advertisment
Swatch, “Fall-Winter Collection 2008”,
Wallpaper*, September 2008, pp.70-71.
Swatch, “Fall-Winter Collection 2008”, Wallpaper*,
September 2008, pp.70-71.
Television
Advertisment,
viewed on television
Television
Advertisment,
viewed online
Guinness, Swimblack, (television commercial)
1998, broadcast on 21 June 1998
Guinness, Swimblack (television commercial),
1998, broadcast on 21 June 1998
Guinness, Swimblack, (television commercial),
1998, viewed online at
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZbMSCuGl3k
(accessed 02 September 2013)
Guinness, Swimblack, (television commercial),
1998, viewed online at
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZbMSCuGl3k
(accessed 02 September 2013)
16