James Monroe &
Era of Good Feelings
President James Monroe
1.
2.
Elected 1816 and 1820. In 1820 he could have
been elected unanimously, but 1 elector voted
against him so that George Washington would
remain the only president unanimously elected.
Federalist party dying out—period of one
party rule. Monroe’s party—National
Republicans
Accomplishments under Monroe
Administration
1.
Secretary of State: John Quincy Adams
A. Adams-Onis Treaty: purchased Florida
from Spain for 5 million
B. Monroe Doctrine: U.S. pledged not to
interfere in European affairs and
expected Europe not to interfere in
Western Hemisphere
2.
Missouri Compromise of 1820
A. By 1819 all states North of MasonDixon Line (PA/MD border) had or
were about to abolish slavery and all
states South slavery was legal
B. Missouri applied as a slave state—
threatened the balance in Congress.
C. Henry Clay came up with compromise:
MO becomes slave state, Maine
becomes free state
D. 36 30’ line created—all states North
must be free and the states South would
allow slavery
3.
Election of 1824--Candidates
A.
B.
C.
D.
John Quincy Adams of MA
William Crawford of VA & GA
Henry Clay of KY
Andrew Jackson of TN
4.
5.
6.
7.
Jackson had plurality in both popular and
electoral vote, but not majority of electoral
votes
Election sent to House—only top 3 candidates
eligible: Jackson, Adams, and Crawford
Clay was Speaker of the House and influenced
vote—Adams won
Adams makes Clay Secretary of State and
Jacksonians declare “Corrupt Bargain”
Andrew Jackson
1829-1837
Democrat
I.
Election of 1828
National Republicans–JohnQAdams
Democrats – Andrew Jackson
Jackson wins
II. A. Congress votes money to build a road
through Kentucky starting at Maysville.
B. Jackson vetoes it because he thinks
Kentucky should pay for it.
III. Spoils system—Patronage
Govt. jobs taken away from enemy and
given to Jackson supporters
IV. McCulloch v. Maryland
MD tries to tax the Bank of the United
States. Chief Justice John Marshall decided
that “the power to tax is the power to
destroy,’ and no state may destroy a federal
institution.
Significance: The bank is Constitutional
(upheld implied powers or elastic clause)
B.U.S. closes in 1836 and leads to Panic of
1837.
V. Election of 1832
National Republicans become the Whig party
and they run Henry Clay
Democrats ran Andrew Jackson
Jackson won by a huge margin
VI. Nullification Crisis
A. 1828 Congress passes “Tariff of
Abominations”—high tariff, South hates
it. 1832 another tariff is passed.
B. SC passes Nullification Act saying
tariff is null and void and they won’t pay
it.
C. Jackson get Congress to pass Force
Bill allowing him to use army to make
SC pay
Nullification Crisis cont’d
D. Henry Clay comes up with a
compromise: Congress will lower tariff
and SC will repeal Nullification act
VII. Trail of Tears
A. Georgia takes Cherokee land when
gold is found there and the cotton
growers want the land
B. Worcester v. Georgia
Supreme court said Georgia had NO
right to take the land away from the
Cherokee
C. Andrew Jackson ignores Supreme
Court and sends army down to GA to
force Cherokees West on the Trail of Tears
The following pictures were taken from:
The Cherokee Removal: A Brief History
with Documents
Edited with an Introduction by Theda Perdue and
Michael D. Green, 1995