MLA Style: In‐Text Citation and Works Cited Page
Documentation and MLA
Documentation and MLA
Reasons for Documenting:
• Allows readers to find out more about origins of the ideas you present
of the ideas you present
• Protects you from charges of plagiarism
T T
Two Types of Documentation in MLA Style:
fD
t ti i MLA St l
• In‐Text Citations
• Works Cited
Basics of In‐Text Citation
• Author’s name, including first name the first time name mentioned, in text of your essay • Note page number in parentheses—without pg. p
;
p
or p—at end of citation; final punctuation comes after final parenthesis
– If using block quotation, final punctuation comes us g b oc quotat o , a pu ctuat o co es
before the information in parentheses
• If
If including author
including author’ss name in text of your essay is name in text of your essay is
awkward, then put only the last name in the parentheses before the page number:
parentheses before the page number:
–
(Lowe 79).
Additional Aspects of In‐Text Citation • LLast name of author is enough for reader to t
f th i
hf
d t
reference in Work Cited • Page number makes it easy to find original P
b
k it
t fi d i i l
quotation
• If two authors have same last name, include first If t
th h
l t
i l d fi t
name or, if in parentheses, initial:
– (J. Mayers
(J M
79)
79).
• If more than one work by same author, specify which work in essay with an abbreviation of the
which work in essay with an abbreviation of the title, or, if in parentheses, put comma after last name and before title and use abbreviation of title:
name and before title and use abbreviation of title: – (Mayers, “A Bad Man” 79). Additional Aspects of In‐Text Citation
• Web sources usually don’t have page numbers, so j g
just give author’s name
– MLA prefers author’s name in text instead of in parentheses – If no author, mention title in text
• Poems:
Poems: if quote all or part of 2 or 3 lines of poetry, if quote all or part of 2 or 3 lines of poetry,
put in quotation marks and separate lines using a slash / with a space on each side. In parentheses
slash / with a space on each side. In parentheses put line numbers (7‐9).
Additional Aspects of In‐Text
Additional Aspects of In
Text Citation
Citation
• Work
Work quoted in another source, put quoted in another source, put “qtd.
qtd. in
in” before the information about the indirect source: – (qtd. in Bauman 9). • Mention direct source of quotation in signal q
g
phrase • If two or more sources support a single point, pp
g p
separate them with a semicolon:
–
(Jones 8; Smith 7).
Basics of Works Cited Page
• On a separate page at the end of your essay, p g
include the Works Cited page
• Header: last name and page number. Page number should follow the last page number of
number should follow the last page number of body of your paper
• Center and in regular type/font: Works Cited
Center and in regular type/font: Works Cited
• Double space throughout • No extra spaces between title and entries or between entries!
• No numbers for entries!
More Basics of Works Cited
• Use “hanging indentation”
“h
d
”
– First line of citation is flush left
– Indent all subsequent lines for that citation one‐half inch
Indent all subsequent lines for that citation one‐half inch
• Alphabetize by author’s last name or, if no author, by title
– “The” and “A” don’t count
• If you cite more than one source by same author, the individual works are alphabetized by title; author’ss full individual works are alphabetized by title; author
full
name is given only for the first citation in the Works Cited, after which it is replaced by three hyphens:
Morris, Amy. “Filibuster Proof.”
‐‐‐. “The Senate, that August Body.”
• The rest of the citation is as it would have been for that source
More Basics of Works Cited Page
More Basics of Works Cited Page
•
•
•
•
Only include sources cited in your text
Don’t leave out any sources cited in your text! Include primary and secondary sources
p
y
y
If any information called for is unavailable for a particular source skip that element and
a particular source, skip that element and keep the rest of the entry as close as possible to the given format
to the given format
Sears 18
Works Cited
Abrams Mark “Poetic
Abrams, Mark. Poetic History.
History ” History Journal 11.2 (2007): 489‐
History Journal 11 2 (2007): 489
97. Print.
Collier, Judith, and Francine Prose. Nomadic Subjects: The Bedouin Experience Ed Leslie Knox Austin U of Texas P 2009 Print
Experience. Ed. Leslie Knox. Austin: U of Texas P, 2009. Print.
Glass, Meredith. “Enter the Abject.” PMLA 12.3 (2008): 245‐49. Academic Search Premier. Web. 1 Nov. 2009.
‐‐‐. “Reviewing the Horrors of Power.” The Kristeva Project. Kristeva Project, 21 Mar. 1999. Web. 30 Oct. 2009.
The Move. Dir. Oliver Parker. Perf. Robert Eady, Sandra Maxton,
The Move. Dir. Oliver Parker. Perf. Robert Eady, Sandra Maxton, and Irène Jacob. Castle Rock, 1995. DVD.
Pratt, Mary Louise. “Arts of the Contact Zone.” Ways of Reading: An Anthology for Writers Ed David Bartholomae and Anthony An Anthology for Writers. Ed. David Bartholomae
and Anthony
Petroksy. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford / St. Martin’s, 2008. 499‐
512. Print.
“Thou
Thou Shalt
Shalt Not Be Aware.
Not Be Aware ” Notes on Pedagogy. N.p., 2006. Notes on Pedagogy N p 2006
Web. 28 Oct. 2009. Citing a Book (skip any material not available)
1. Name of the author(s) (or editor, if no author is listed), last name first, followed by period
2. Full Title, italicized, followed by period; if subtitle, put colon between title and subtitle
3. Name(s) of the editor(s) if the book has both an author and an editor, following the abbreviation, Ed., followed by period
4 Name(s) of translator or compiler, following abbreviation 4.
Name(s) of translator or compiler following abbreviation
Trans. or Comp. as appropriate, followed by period
5. The edition, if other than the first—3rd ed.—followed by period
6. Volume(s) used, if the book is part of a multivolume set—Vol. ()
8.—followed by period
7. City of publication (followed by a colon), name of the publisher y p
(
y
),
p
(comma), and year, followed by period
8. Medium of publication: Print, followed by period
9 Name of any series to which the book belongs, followed by 9.
Name of any series to which the book belongs followed by
period
More on Citing Books
More on Citing Books
• If you have a book with multiple authors or editors list all names but only the first name
editors, list all names, but only the first name is given last name first and rest in normal ;p
order; put comma after first author’s name
• If there are four or more authors or editors, g
give only first full name listed on title page, y
p g ,
followed by a comma and et al. (“and others”)
• A book with a corporate author—group, p
g p,
government agency, or organization listed as its author—treat as single author: National Society of Photographic Educators
Citing a Work in an Anthology
Citing a Work in an Anthology
1. Name of the author(s) of the article/literary work, followed by period
yp
2. Title of the shorter work, enclosed in quotation marks (unless longer work—full play—italics), followed by period
3. Title of the anthology in italics followed by a period
4. Ed. and Names(s) of editors of collection or anthology, f ll
followed by period
db
d
5. Relevant publication information as in book citation, followed by period
y p
6. Inclusive page numbers for shorter work, followed by period
7 Medium of Publication: Print, followed by period
7.
Medium of Publication Print followed by period
Cross‐References
Cross
References from Same Anthology
from Same Anthology
• If cite several articles or texts from same collection or anthology, cross‐reference them
gy,
• Write a single general entry that provides full publication information for whole collection • Also include entries for shorter works; only include author Also include entries for shorter works; only include author
and title of shorter work, last names of editors, and page numbers of shorter work
For example:
For example:
Bartholomae, David, and Anthony Petrosky, eds. Ways of Reading: An Anthology for Writers. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford / St Martin’ss, 2008. Print.
Bedford / St. Martin
2008 Print
Friere, Paulo. “The ‘Banking’ Concept of Education.” Bartholomae and Petrosky 243‐254.
W lk Ali “I S
Walker, Alice. “In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens.” h fO M h ’G d
”
Bartholomae and Petrosky 668‐675.
Citing Articles in Periodicals
Citing Articles in Periodicals
1. Name(s) of the author(s) of the article/short text last name first followed by period
text, last name first followed by period
2. Title of the article/short text in quotations, followed by period:
followed by period: – “Theatre of the Obtuse.”
3. Title
3
Title of the periodical italicized
of the periodical italicized
4. All relevant publication information (see next slide) slide)
5. Medium of publication: Print, followed by a period
Different Types of Periodicals
• FFor a scholarly journal—volume number and issue number h l l j
l
l
b
di
b
(sometimes only issue); year of publication in parentheses, followed by a colon, and the page numbers of the shorter y
p g
work, followed by period: – PMLA 121.6 (2006): 1526‐35. Print.
• FFor a magazine—month(s) of publication for i
th( ) f bli ti f
monthly/bimonthly magazine OR date (day, abbreviated month, then year) for weekly/biweekly, followed by a colon, ,
y )
y/
y,
y
,
and page numbers, followed by period: – New Yorker 5 Nov. 2005: 65‐73. Print.
• FFor a newspaper article—date (day, abbreviated month, year), ti l d t (d
bb i t d
th
)
edition if listed on the masthead, followed by colon and page (
g
, pp
),
numbers (including section number or letter, if applicable), followed by period:
– New York Times 24 Mar. 2007, late ed.: A1+. Print.
Citing Library Databases
g
y
1. Print publication information—author’s name, title, publication information
il
bli i i f
i
2. Name of the database (italicized)—like Academic Search Premier, followed by period
3. Medium of publication—Web, followed by p
,
y
period
4. Date you accessed site (day, month Date you accessed site (day, month
abbreviated, and year), followed by period:
– 30 Oct. 2010.
30 Oct 2010
Citing the Internet: World Wide Web
1. N
1
Name of the author(s), last name first, followed by a period
f th
th ( ) l t
fi t f ll
db
i d
2. Title of the section of the work accessed in quotation marks, followed by a period; if not titled, identify by label like Home
followed by a period; if not titled, identify by label like Home page or Introduction, but not in quotation marks
3. Title of the full document or site italicized (if different than title of the work accessed), followed by a period
4. Publisher’s or sponsor’s name, followed by a comma; if neither available use N p
neither available, use N.p.
5. Date of publication by day, month, and year if available, followed by a period; if date isn’t available, use n.d.
6. The medium of publication—Web, followed by a period
7. Date you accessed site (day, month abbreviated, and year), f ll
followed by a period
db
d
–
30 Oct. 2010.
Citing Publication on Web with Print Publication Data
1. Name of author, followed by period
2. Print Publication Information (same format bl
f
(
f
as usual)
3. Name of the Web site in italics, followed by period
4. Medium of publication—Web, followed by p
period
5. Date you accessed the site (day, month, year) followed by period
year), followed by period
Article in Scholarly Journal Published Only on W b
Web
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Name of author, followed by period
Title of article, followed by period
Name of journal in italics
Volume and issue number (or just issue number)
Year of publication in parentheses, followed by p
p
,
y
colon
6. Page numbers or n. pag., followed by period
Page numbers or n. pag., followed by period
7. Medium of publication—Web, followed by period
8 Date you accessed the site (day, month 8.
Date you accessed the site (day month
abbreviated, year), followed by period
Article in Newspaper on Web
1.
2.
3.
4
4.
Name of author, followed by period
Title of article, followed by a period
,
y p
Name of newspaper in italics, followed by period
Publisher’ss name (New York Times) or N.p., Publisher
name (New York Times) or N p
followed by comma
5 Date of publication (day, month abbreviated, 5.
D
f bli i (d
h bb i d
year), followed by period
6. Medium of publication—Web, followed by period
y
( y,
7. Date you accessed the site (day, month abbreviated, year), followed by period
Article in Magazine on Web
1. Name of author, followed by period
2. Title of article, followed by period
Title of article, followed by period
3. Name of magazine in italics, followed by period
4. Publisher’s name or N.p., followed by comma
5 Date of publication (day, month abbreviated, 5.
Date of publication (day month abbreviated
year), followed by period
6 Medium of publication—Web, followed by 6.
Medium of publication—Web followed by
period
7 Date you accessed the site, followed by 7.
Date you accessed the site followed by
period
Personal Communication or Lecture
Personal Communication:
Personal
Communication
1. Name of the person who gave you the information, followed by period
followed by period
2. Type of communication (interview, letter, email), followed by period
3. Date of communication, followed by period
Lecture, Public Talk, or Debate:
1. Name of lecturer/speaker, followed by period
fl
/
k f ll
b
2. Name of lecture or lecture series, followed by comma
3 Place, followed by comma
3.
Pl
f ll
db
4. Date (day, month abbreviated, year), followed by period
5. Medium (lecture, debate, commencement address)
Multimedia Sources
If Film or DVD:
If
Film or DVD:
1. Title in italics, followed by period
2. Director’s name beginning with Dir., followed by period
3 Optional
3.
Optional—performers’
performers names, starting with Perf., followed by period
names starting with Perf followed by period
4. Distributor (Universal, Paramount), followed by comma
5. Year, followed by a period
6 Medium (Film or DVD), followed by period
6.
Medium (Film or DVD) followed by period
If TV or Radio Program:
1. Title of episode or segment in quotation marks, followed by period
2 Title of the program and series, if any, in italics, followed by period
2.
Title of the program and series if any in italics followed by period
3. Performers, narrators, directors or others who might be pertinent, followed by period
4 Name of network or call numbers and city for local station, followed by 4.
Name of network or call numbers and city for local station followed by
period
5. Broadcast date, followed by period
6. Medium (either Television or Radio), followed by period
Medium (either Television or Radio), followed by period
Informational Notes
• Use if a piece of information is interesting or useful but can’t be worked into body of essay without interrupting flow of ideas
• Use a small superscript number in text to signal a note, which will be on a separate page at end of essay before hi h ill b
d f
b f
Works Cited page
• Be sure to include any sources mentioned in end notes Be sure to include any sources mentioned in end notes
in Works Cited page:
End Notes
End Notes
1 Several psychologists attribute paraphasia to schizophrenia (Roberts 72; Bond 89‐91;
schizophrenia (Roberts 72; Bond 89
91; Crowley 655
Crowley 655‐
56).