http//www.lsuagcenter
Catharine Mannion
University of Florida, IFAS
Tropical Research and Education Center
305-246-7001 ext. 220
[email protected]
y Detecting and identifying pests are the first
steps in managing insects
y Inspect plants regularly for pests and injury
(i.e. check the underside of a set of leaves for
mites or aphids)
y Not all insects that frequent plants are
damaging; some are incidental, pollinators
and beneficial
y Keep an eye out for new pests
Predators
Parasites
Pathogens
• Kills and consumes • Grow in or on
the host
less than or equal to
consumes more
one host and lives in • Viruses, Fungi,
than one prey
Bacteria
or on the body of its
y Beetles, bugs,
host
mantids, flies,
• Wasps, flies
mites, spiders
y Kills and
What is this?
Good Guy ??
Photo: S. Wainwright
Bad Guy ??
y Aphids (yellow rose)
y Scale insects
y Thrips (Florida flower and western
flower, chili thrips*)
y Beetles
y Leaf-cutter bees
y Two-spotted spider mite
UF/IFAS
Cornicles
y Soft-bodied, pear-shaped
y
UF-IFAS
y
y
y
y
insects with cornicles
Relatively long legs and
antennae
Vary in color from black,
green, yellow to pinkish
Feeding causes distortion of
new growth
Large amount of honeydew
and sooty mold
Generally occcur early in the
Spring but may be found
throughout year
UF/IFAS
http://members.tripod.com/buggyrose/insects
http://members.tripod.com/buggyrose/insects
http://www.sactorose.org
UF/IFAS
Yellow Rose Aphid
Rose Aphid
y Yellow-green
y Pink or green
y Highest populations
y Feed on roses and
occur in late spring and
early summer, but may
be present throughout
the year
y Feeds on the leaves
and buds
other related plants
(photinia, pyracantha,
some fruit trees)
y Often found in clusters
on twigs and buds
UF/IFAS
• Commonly found on the
underside of leaves or on
stems in clusters or
colonies
• Natural biological control
• Insecticidal soaps
• Horticultural oils
• Insecticides
– Acephate, azadirachtin,
carbaryl, imidacloprid,
malathion, permethrin
Parasite
Predator
UF/IFAS
Armored Scale
Wax
Covering
Soft Scale
Mealybugs
White powdery
or cottony, waxlike mass
UF/IFAS
Brown soft scale
Woodypest.ifas.ufl.edu
Long brown scale
http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz
y Brown soft scale
y Adult female oval and slightly
convex; pale yellowish-green to
brown
y Cosmopolitan in tropical and
subtropical regions
y All stages are found all year
y Attack leaves and twigs
y Often controlled by natural
enemies
y Long brown scale
y Adult female elongate-oval,
moderately convex and smooth.
y Found on the branches, leaves
and stems
y Not considered an economic pest
UF/IFAS
Green scale
http://creatures.ifas.ufl.edu
Black scale
http://www.viarural.com
y Green scale
y Adult female oval, pale green,
slightly transparent, flat to
slightly convex
y Cosmopolitan in tropical and
subtropical areas
y Usually found on the underside
of leaves along midveins
y Serious pest of numerous
crops
y Black Scale
y Adult female dark brown to
black, nearly round, oval and
very convex with H-shaped
ridges
UF/IFAS
Rose scale
http://www.sactorose.org
Latania scale
Woodypest.ifas.ufl.edu
y Rose scale
y Circular or oval, flat, thin,
white or dirty white
y Most frequently reported on
rose and blackberry
y Generally distributed
throughout Florida
y Generally not a serious pest
y Latania scale
y Circular, strongly convex,
usually a dirty white
y Reported on Australian pine,
loquat, palms, and rose
y Generally distributed and
common throughout Florida
y Usually controlled by natural
enemies
UF/IFAS
y San Jose scale
y Circular, slightly convex,
smoky black to gray
y Most frequently reported on
firethorn, pear, peach, plum
and rose
y Generally spread
throughout Florida
y Considered a serious pest
of pear, peach and plum
http://www.sactorose.org
http://www.sactorose.org
UF/IFAS
y Thrips feed on pollen but also
attack tender plant tissue
y Attack leaves, buds and petals
y Recently injured tissue looks
silvery
y Heavy infestations result in
discolored, deformed growth
and blemished, deformed
flower petals
y Damage to the rose bud is
most noticeable in light colored
roses
UF/IFAS
Redbanded thrips
Flower thrips
H. Glenn, UF/IFAS
Woodypest.ifas.ufl.edu
Western flower thrips
http://members.tripod.com/buggyrose/insects
UF/IFAS
y Originally from south Asia; found in
Florida in 2005
y Currently found in numerous
counties from Key West to
Gainesville
y Feeds on a variety of wild and
cultivated plants including
ornamentals, fruits and vegetables
y Capable of spreading at least 3
viruses including tomato spotted wilt
virus.
L. Osborne, UF-IFAS
H. Glenn, UF/IFAS
y Life cycle - 14-20 days.
y 60 to 200 eggs per female
y Eggs are inserted in plant
tissue
y Immatures are pale in color
and very small
y Pupation may occur in the soil
or on the plant.
y Adults are small (0.5 -1.2
mm), pale yellow to gray in
color with incomplete dark
stripes on the upper surface
of the abdomen.
Photo: H. Glenn, UF/IFAS
Photo: H. Glenn, UF/IFAS
Thrips
Damage
Damage to Rose Leaves and Bud
Photos: L. Osborne, UF-IFAS
Populations of Chili Thrips on Flowers
Damage Ratings of Roses with Chili Thrips
Number of Chili Thrips on Plant Parts
Populations of Chili Thrips on Rose Cultivars
y Numerous natural enemies including parasitoids
and predatory mites, thrips, beetles and bugs.
y Various foliar and drench treatments, alone or
combined with oil have achieved some success
y Pesticides that can be used include abamectin
(Avid), acephate (Orthene), acetamiprid (TriStar),
azadirachtin (Azatin), cyfluthrin (Decathlon),
dinotefuran (Safari) imidacloprid (Merit),
novaluron (Pedestal), and spinosad*
(Conserve).
www.ipm.ucdavis.edu
http://members.tripod.com/buggyrose/insects
y Light brown to ash gray, flightless weevil
y Feeds on leaf margins but heavy populations can
consume the entire leaf except the midrib
y Usually remain hidden during the day
y Both larvae and adults are pests
y Widely distributed with a broad range of host plants
UF/IFAS
y Similar in size to
honeybees, but are
blackish in color
y Solitary bees that nest in
burrows and hollowed
twigs and stems
y Adult females cut
circular to elongate
pieces of leaves from
roses for their nests
y Control generally not
recommended
http://members.tripod.com/buggyrose/insects
UF/IFAS
y Tend to feed on the underside
of rose leaves
y Short life cycle so populations
grow quickly
y Drought-stress roses are more
susceptible
y Webbing may be present
y Water spray, remove fallen
leaves, remove weeds,
bifenthrin, soap, oil
http://members.tripod.com/buggyrose/insects
UF/IFAS
y Selecting proper varieties; resistant varieties
y Keeping plants healthy by proper planting and
care
y Maintain clean, closely mowed areas next near
roses to help deter insects migrating into the
plantings
y Dispose of dead leaves, trash or debris and
periodically disrupt landscape timbers or rocks
y Prune properly to remove dead canes which
become nesting sites for insects such as the leafcutter bees.
y High-pressure water sprays can dislodge mites
and other pests from the plants
y Start when pests are first detected and repeat
regularly
y Hand remove insect pests when in low numbers
y Natural enemies may be released to help control
pests. It is very important to have an
understanding of the pests and their natural
enemies before release.
y Pesticides are safe and effective when used as
recommended
y Whenever possible choose the least toxic, most
target-specific product available
y Read the label
y Use appropriate application equipment
y Keep application equipment clean and in good
working condition
y Apply the correct dosage of pesticide
y Store pesticides in a secure place
y When using a pesticide for the first time, test
the material on a few plants only
y Some rose varieties may be burned by certain
chemicals or combinations of chemicals, or by
their use under certain conditions such as
temperature extremes
y Take particular care when using acephate and
malathion
y Pests of Roses in Florida;
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/document_ep371
y Insect Management on Landscape Plants
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/document_ig013
y Thrips on Ornamental Plants
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/document_mg327
y http://trec.ifas.ufl.edu/mannion
y http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ or http://creatures.ifas.ufl.edu/
y Pest Alerts
y University of Florida
(http://extlab7.entnem.ufl.edu/pestalert/)
y DOACS (http://doacs.state.fl.us/~pi/enpp/pi-pestalert.html)
Catharine Mannion
Research and Extension Specialist
Ornamental Entomology
University of Florida, IFAS
Tropical Research and Education Center
18905 SW 280th Street
Homestead, FL 33031
305-246-7000
[email protected]
http://trec.ifas.ufl.edu/mannion