Section 3.1 Properties of Matter
• Identify the characteristics of a substance.
• Distinguish between physical and chemical
properties.
• Differentiate among the physical states of matter.
density: a ratio that compares the mass of an
object to its volume
Section 3.1 Properties of Matter (cont.)
states of matter
physical property
solid
extensive property
liquid
intensive property
gas
chemical property
vapor
Most common substances exist as
solids, liquids, and gases, which have
diverse physical and chemical
properties.
Substances
• Matter is anything that has mass and takes
up space.
• Matter is everything around us.
• Matter with a uniform and unchanging
composition is a substance.
States of Matter
• The physical forms of matter, either solid,
liquid, or gas, are called the states of
matter.
• Solids are a form of matter that
have their own definite shape and
volume.
• Liquids are a form of matter that
have a definite volume but take the
shape of the container.
States of Matter (cont.)
• Gases have no definite shape or
volume. They expand to fill their
container.
• Vapor refers to the gaseous state
of a substance that is a solid or
liquid at room temperature.
Physical Properties of Matter
• A physical property is a characteristic that
can be observed or measured without
changing the sample’s composition.
Physical Properties of Matter (cont.)
• Extensive properties are dependent on
the amount of substance present, such as
mass, length, or volume.
• Intensive properties are independent of the
amount of substance present, such as
density.
Chemical Properties of Matter
• The ability of a substance to combine with
or change into one or more other
substances is called a chemical property.
– Iron forming rust
– Copper turning green in the air
Observing Properties of Matter
• A substance can change form–an
important concept in chemistry.
• Chemical properties can change with specific
environmental conditions, such as
temperature and pressure.
Section 3.1 Assessment
Density is what kind of property?
A. atomic
B. intensive
C. extensive
D
C
A
0%
B
D. dependent
A. A
B. B
C. C
0%
0%
0%
D. D
Section 3.1 Assessment
What defines a gas?
A. Gases have a definite volume
and shape.
0%
A
D. Gases have a definite shape
but no definite volume.
0%
B
C. Gases have no definite volume or
shape.
A
B
C
D
0%
0%
D
A.
B.
C.
D.
C
B. Gases have a definite volume
but take the shape of their container.