What is the author’s claim?
Though high-school football is more dangerous
than collegiate football, injuries can be
prevented.
What are the author’s reasons and evidence?
Reason That high-school football is more
dangerous than collegiate football is proven by
their respective rates of injury.
Evidence
 4/1000 high school and 8/1000 college
players sustained injuries, with running
plays being the most injurious.
 High school injuries are more often
“season-ending injuries.”
Reasons: Injuries can be prevented. (claim)
Evidence: Increased conditioning of ankles and
knees, and position-specific conditioning can
prevent injuries.
 linebackers and running backs at the most
risk.
What is a counter-argument that the author
addresses?
The author does not address any counterarguments.
What is the counter-evidence that the author
uses to refute the counter-argument?
N/A
Give examples of the author’s use of ethos,
pathos, logos:
Ethos: The author appeals to the reader’s sense
of ethics by providing the credentials of the
authors of the study to foster trust in the
validity of the information.
Considering season-ending injuries as more
serious than injuries that can heal within a
season is an ethical judgment.
Pathos: not employed
Logos: The author appeals to the reader’s sense
of logos by stating factual evidence from the
study: running plays caused the most injuries,
so instruction in safe tackling and blocking
could prevent injuries.
What weaknesses does the argument contain?
The author does not address concussions,
which is a far more serious injury than a
fracture, but could still be considered a nonseason-ending injury.
What are the requirements for a season-ending
injury?