Subjunctive
*Cualquiera, cualquier + noun + que, comoquiera, dondequiera que
Como “Gustar”
IOP + IOP
+
Present/Perfect Past Perfect/Imperfect Irregulars (present/perfect) Stess
A mí/ti/él/ellos. me/te/le/nos/les
1. Put in Yo form
2. Remove “o”
3. Opposite ending
1. Put in ustedes form in preterit
2. Remove “ron”
3. Ra Rámos
Ras
Ra Ran
•Ser – sea •Haber - Haya
•Ir – vaya •Shoe verbs
•Dar – dé •Irregular yo’s
•Estar - esté •CAR/GAR/ ZAR
Volition Phrases-Wants, Desires, Influence
Ex. He wants us to tell a story
Él quiere que contemos su historia.
I prefer you don’t invite them
Prefiero que Ud. no invite a ellos.
Her parents don’t let her go out. Sus padres no la dajan salga.
Verbs
Acceder a – to agree with
Aceptar – to accept
Aconsejar – to advise
Conseguir – to succeed in
Consentir en – to consent
Dejar – to let/allow
Desear – to desire
Disgustar – to dislike
Empeñarse en – to insist
Mandar – to command
Exortar – to exhort
Obligar – to force
Exigir – to demand
Oponsarse – to oppose
Gustarle – to like
Hacer – to have/make Ordenar – to order
Imepedir – to prevent Pedir – to ask for
Insistir en – to insist Permitir – to permit
Preferir- to prefer
Intentar – to try
Invitar – to invite to Procurar – to try
Lograr – to bring about that
Proponer – to propose
Querer – to want
Recomendar – to recommend
Rogar – to beg
Sugerir – to suggest
Suplicar – to beg/implore
Prohibir – to forbid
Estar de acuerdo con – to
approve of
Communication Phrases
Ex. She says for you to change the date Ella dice que combies la fecha
I will write him to wait for us.
Le escribiré que espere nosotros.
Emotion Phrases
Ex. We hope you can stay.
Esperamos que pueda Ud. quedarse.
He is sorry that she is sick.
Él siente mocho ques ella esté enferma.
I am surprised that you had lost. Me sorprende que hayas perdido.
Verbs
Admirarle – to be astonished
Alegrarse de – to be glad
Celebrar – to be glad
Darle lástima – to feel sorry
Esperar – to hope
Estar contento de – to be happy
Extrañarle – to be surprised
Sentirse avergonzado de – to feel proud
Indignar – to anger
Lamentar – to regret
Molestarle – to bother
Preocuparle – to worry
Sentir – to regret
Senirse ogulloso de – to feel proud of
Sorprenderle – to be surprised
Temer/tener midro de – to fear
Impersonal Expressions
Ex. It was enough to explain things once. Bastada que el maestro le explicara una vez
What a pity she doesn’t speak english Qué lástima que ella no hable ingles.
It is necessary he stops smoking.
Es necesario que él deje de fumar.
Verbs
Bastar – to be enough
Parecer mentira – to seem impossible
Poder ser – to be possible
Ser bueno – to be a good thing
Ser difícil – to be unlikely
Ser dudoso – to be doubtful
Ser extraño – to be strange
Ser fácil – to be likely
Ser importante – to be important
Ser una lástima – to be a pity
Ser necesario – to be necessary
Ser preciso – to be necessary
Ser preferible – to be better
Ser urgente/urgir – to be urgent
Valer más – to be better
Valer la pena – to be worthwhile
Sequence of Time - Simultaneously
• Present Indicative
• Present Indicative
• Present Perfect Indicative
• Future Perfect Indicative
Juan has been happy
Juan se ha alegrado de
Present Subjunctive • Future Indicative
To come
Juan will be happy that
Juan se alegrará de
que vengan
• Future Perfect Indicative
Juan has probably asked them
Juan les habrá pedido
Juan must have been happy
Juan se habrá alegrado de
• Commands
• Commands
Juan, pídales.
Juan, ask them.
Juan, be happy that.
Juan, alégrese de.
•Imperfect/Preterite
•Imperfect/Preterite
Juan asked (was asking) them.
Juan les pidió (les pedía).
Juan was happy.
Juan se alegraba (se alegró) de.
• Pluperfect
Juan had asked them.
Juan les había pedido.
• Conditional
Juan would ask them.
Juan les pediría.
me/te/le/nos/les
+ Verb + Things 
Duele(n)
el pie
The bottle is half full
A la botella, le falta la mitad para estar llena. (Faltar – to lack)
Verbs
• Interesar(le) – to interest
UFOs interest him.
•Agradar(le) – To like
A él, le interestan los OVNIS
I like it when I have money.
A mí, me agrada que yo tengo dinero
• Molestar(le) – to be bothered by
Does smoking bother you?
¿Les molesta a Uds. que fume?
• Alcanzar(le) to have enough
My cousin didn’t have enough.
A mi prima no le alcanzo la soga.
• Parecer(le) – to seem
The game didn’t seem right to him
A él no le pareció bien que el partido.
• Dar(le) lástima – to feel sorry for
The boy felt sorry for the woman
Al chico le daba lástima la mujer.
• Disgustar(le) – to dislike
I dislike people who aren’t sincere .
• Preocupar(le) – to worry
Sally’s behavior worried her parents.
A los padres de Sally le preocupaba su conducta.
• Quedar(le) – to have left
Me disgusta gente que no son sinceras.
• Encantar(le) – to delight; to charm
I am delighted with Puerto Rico.
Puerto Rico me encanta.
How much money do you have let?
¿Cuánto dinero les queda a Uds.?
• Sorprender(le) – to be surprised
The boy was surprised that he was invited.
Al chico le sorprendió que lo invitara.
• Extrañar(le) – to be surprised
• Tocar(le) turno – to be one’s turn
He is surprised that she came.
Whose turn is it to answer now?
Le extraña que ella viniera.
¿A quién le toca contestar ahora?
• Fascinar(le) – to delight/fascinated • Quedar(le) bien… - To fit right
Stories of animals fascinate me.
The skirt didn’t fit her right.
Me fascinan los cuentos de animales.
A ella, no le quedaba bien la falda.
• Resultar(le)– to turn out (to be good)
• Hacer(le) falta – to need
Do you think that one needs money?
¿Cree Ud. Que a uno le hace falta dinero?
It is difficult for some parents to punish.
A algunos padres les resulta difícil castigar.
• Importar(le) – to matter/mind
• Sobrar(le) – to have in
excess
We don’t mind waitng.
A nosotros no nos importa esperar.
• Caer(le) bien – to create a good impression
I like her very much.
La Sra. Jan me cae muy bien.
• Convenir(le) – to suit interests; be good for
We did the works so fast we had
more than enough time.
Hicimos tan rápido el trabajo que no
sobró el tiempo
It’s not good for you to change.
A ti, no le conviene cambiar
Idiomatic Expressions
Sequence of Time - Before
• Present Perfect Indicative
Juan will ask them
Juan les pedirá
+ IOP
It’s hard for Mike to get up early
A Mike, le cuesta mucho trabajo madrugar
Juan is happy
Juan se alegra de
• Future Indicative
A mí/ti/él/ellos.
Gusta(n) esa comida
• Costar(le) trabajo – to be hard
Juan asks them to come
Juan les pide
Juan has asked them
Juan les ha pedido
Stess IOP
Verb + Things 
Imperfect Subjunctive• Pluperfect
Juan had rejoiced
To come
Juan se había alegrado de.
que vinierfan
• Conditional
Juan would have been happy.
Juan se habría alegrado de.
No matter how pretty she is, she will
not be queen.
Por bonita que ella sea, no será reina.
Present Perfect Subjunctive No matter how much you may hurry,
you will not finish.
They have come
Por mucho que te apresures, no terminarás.
que hayan venido
Imperfect Subjunctive
That they came
que vinieran
Pluperfect Subjunctive
They had come
que hubieran venido.
He left at six, I mean, eight.
Salió a las ocho, que diga, a las seis.
Dr. Joe hasn’t yet arrived, as far as I
know.
Dr. Joe no ha llegado todavía, que yo sepa.
No matter how much it cost
Cueste lo que cueste
Whatever happens
Pase lo que pase
Whether you can or cannot
Puedas o no
†Spanish Guide†Ser/Estar
Ser
Characteristic
Occupation
Made of
Permanent
Time/Date
Origin
Nationality
Preterit
-AR Verbs
-ER/IR Verbs
Yo...…é
Nosotros……amos
Yo...…íó
Nosotros……imos
Tú……aste Ellos/Ustedes…..aron Tú……iste Ellos/Ustedes…..ieron
Él/Ella/Usted…...ó
Él/Ella/Usted…...ió
Irregulars
Ir/Ser
Ver
Dar
Hacer
Fui
Fuimos
Fuiste
Fue
Fueron
Vi
Vimos
Viste
Vio
Vieron
Di
Dimos
Diste
Dio
Dieron
Hice
Hicimos
Hiciste
Hizo
Hicieron
•Decir – dij
•Querer - quis
CAR’s
GAR’s
ZAR’s
Gar - gué
Zar - cé
•Andar- anduv
•Saber - sup
Car - qué
•Estar – estuv
•Tener - tuv
•Poner – pus
•Traer - traj
•Poder - pud
•Venir - vin
Shoes Verbs
Usted/Ustedes/- Tú/Nosotros + Tú
•Ser – sea
•Ir – vaya
•Dar – dé
•Estar - esté
1. Put in he/she present tense
Irregulars
•Salir - sal
•Tener - ten
•Venir - ven
•Ir - ve
•Shoe verbs (not nosotros-sandals only)
•Irregular yo’s
•CAR/GAR/ ZAR
DOP’s/IOP’s
DOP’s
1. Answer who or what for the verb
2. Takes object’s place
3. Attach to infinitive, + command, -ing
4. Put before conjugated verb, Me
Nos
Te
Lo/La Los/Las
o-ue
Contar
Costar
Morir
Volver
Encontrar
Devolver
Dormir
Poder
Almorzar
Recordar
Llover
Mostrar
Doler
Colgar
Irregular Yo’s
Salir-Salgo
Para Rules
Hacer-Hago
1. Purpose/Goal
2. Special object use
3. Destination/direction
Ser-Soy
4. Time/Date in future
Dar-Doy
5. About to…
Ver-Veo
6. In order to
Decir-Digo
7. Opinion
Traer-Traigo 8. Intended for someone
Estar-Estoy
Tener-Tengo
Ir-Voy
Saber-Sé
“cer” – cz
Por Rules
1. In exchange for
2. Motive
3. General location
4. Duration of time
5. In favor of
6. For the sake of
-Present-Haber
Yo...…he Nosotros……hemos
*When verbs end with
Tú……has Ellos/Ustedes…..han
double vowels, add
Él/Ella/Usted…...ha
IOP’s
1. Answer to who or for who for verb
2. Takes subject’s place
3. Attach infinitive, + command, -ing
4. Put before conjugated verb
Me
Nos
Te
Le
Les
*add for commands/-ing’s - count back 3, + to 3rd vowel
-if ends in a consenant, no -w/ doubles, + to 4th vowel
-if ends in a vowel, yes
*w/ doubles, le and les becomes se
accents…ie leer, caer…
-Past-Haber
Yo...…había Nosotros……habíamos
Tú……habías Ellos/Ustedes…..habían
Él/Ella/Usted…...había
Progressive
*estar +
iendo/endo
Irregulars
•AR– ado
•Abrir – abierto
•IR/ER - ido
•Decir – dicho
•Descubir - descubierto
•Escribir – escrito •Morir – muerto
•Hacer – hecho •Poner – puesto
•Romper - roto
•Ir - ido
Vosotros Form
Imperfect
Yo...…aba
Nosotros……ábamos
Tú……abas Ellos/Ustedes…..aban
Él/Ella/Usted…...aba
e-ie
u-ue
Sentarse
Jugar
Empezar
Entender e-i
Recomendar Repetir
Servir
Perder
Merendar Pedir
Seguir
Cerrar
Reír
Preferir
Sonreír
Querer
Despedirse
Pensar
i-y
Sentirse
Divertirse Leer
Oír
Regar
Despertarse Caer
Comenzar Creer
Mentir
Present/Past Perfect Tense
Accents
-AR Verbs
-ER/IR Verbs
Yo……o Nosotros……amos
Yo...…o Nosotros……e/imos
Tú……as Ellos/Ustedes…..an Tú……es Ellos/Ustedes…..en
Él/Ella/Usted…...a
Él/Ella/Usted…...e
Commands
Irregulars
Estar
Heath
Emotion
Location
Part - time
Irregulars
Yo...…é Nosotros……emos
•Poner – pondr
Tú……ás Ellos/Ustedes…..án •Salir – saldr
Él/Ella/Usted…...á
•Saber – sabr
•Hacer – har
-Conditional
•Querer – querr
Yo...… ía Nosotros……íamos
•Decir – dir
Tú……ías Ellos/Ustedes…..ían
•Poder – podr
Él/Ella/Usted…...ía
•Venir – vendr
•Tener – tendr
*infinitive + ending*
•Valer – valdr
-AR Verbs
•Happens certain # of times
•Beginning/ending of action
•Main action/moves story along
•Interrupts another action
•Usually ends in –ed
•It happens and it’s over/quick
•Decir - di
•Hacer - haz
•Poner - pon
•Ser - sé
-Future
Present
Rules
1. Put in Yo form
2. Remove “o”
3. Opposite ending
*Add “n” for ustedes
*Add “s” for tú
*Add “mos” for nosotros
Future/Conditional
-ER/IR Verbs
Irregulars
Ser
Present
Ir
Ver
Yo...…ía Nosotros……íamos Era Éramos
Iba Íbamos Veía Veíamos
Tú……ías Ellos/Ustedes…..ían Eras
Veías
Ibas
Él/Ella/Usted…...ía
Era Eran
Veía Veían
Iba Iban
Rules
•Setting of the story
•Was/were/-ing ending
•Age, time, weather, emotions
•Happens MANY times
•Continuous action interrupted •Someone “used” to
•Don’t know how long it happens •Background/description
•Habits/hobbies
•AR  áis
•ER  éis
•IR  ís
Future
Preterit
•AR  asteis
•ER/IR  isteis
Conditional
•Inf + éis
•Inf + íais
•AR  abais
•ER/IR  íais
*Yo, Ø, 
•AR  éis
•ER/IR  áis
Imperfect
Subjuntive