Slide 1
Chapter 4 –Crisis in the Colonies
In 1753 -France & England disagreed with who owned
the Ohio Valley
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France hurried and put up forts in the west
Washington was a major & 22 years old
(He joined the army at age 15)
He was ordered to get the French out
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The big European countries were
competing for a world Empire
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A country that controls another country
Spain, England, France, Netherlands
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Native Americans took sides
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Most sided with the French
Iroquois sided with the English
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Slide 2
Chapter 4 –Crisis in the Colonies
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Three times between 1689-1748 France & England
fought for power in Europe & America
1754 War broke out for the 4th time
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Called the French & Indian War
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In Europe it was called the Seven Years War
Book “Last of the Mohicans” is about this war
Spain entered the war & sided with France
France was coming down from
Canada and quickly putting forts
up west of the 13 colonies
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Competition between England &
France to get the most land
England & the 13 Colonies had the
Appalachian Mountains in the way
Slide 3
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George Washington was told to build a fort on
the mouth of the Ohio River
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French had already built Fort Duquesne there
Washington attacked French scouts
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Then he hurried & built Fort Necessity
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French & Indians attacked & captured Washington
French later released Washington
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Slide 4
Chapter 5 –Crisis in the Colonies
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The 13 colonies knew that they needed a way to
defend themselves
Sent delegates to the capital -Philadelphia
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Benjamin Franklin proposed the “Albany Plan of
Union”
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Created one general government = Federal Government
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Shot down by each colonial assembly = State Gov’t
Didn’t want to give up power
1755 British send General Edward Braddock
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Bad commander with little experience
Went to attack Fort Duquesne
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Ambushed by the French & Indians
Bright red uniforms were easy targets
Braddock had 5 horses shot from underneath him before
he was killed
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Slide 5
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General Braddock being shot off his horse
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Slide 6
Tide of Battle Turns
1757 William Pitt new head of British Government
He sent his best generals to win & end war
In 1758, they captured Louisbourg
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Rebuild fort & name it Fort Pitt
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It supplied all of New France
It was well defended
City sat on the edge of the Plains of Abraham & on top of a high cliff
British came up with a great plan
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Slide 7
Fall of New France
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The cliff was not well guarded
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Wolfe & 4,500 British soldiers climbed the cliff at night
Fought Montcalm’s men on the Plains of Abraham
Wolfe & Montcalm were both killed
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British won the battle & this led to the eventual end of the war
1763 Britain & France signed the Treaty of Paris
bringing the war to an end
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(Treaty of Paris will be used again)
Terms of Peace
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Became Pittsburgh
Quebec was the last
stronghold of New France
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Most important fort in French Canada
French burn Fort Duquesne
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England was given all of the land east of the Mississippi River
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Which included “New France” -Canada
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France was allowed to keep a few islands
Spain had to give up Florida and all last east of the
Mississippi River
Slide 8
Wolfe killed with the fall of Quebec
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Slide 9
Clash with the Native Americans
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British settlers moved into Native American lands in the
Ohio Valley
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1762 British sent Lord Jeffrey Amherst to keep the
peace
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Caused clashes with the Native Americans
He & the British treated the Indians bad as compared to the
French
Chief Pontiac attacked Fort Detroit
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These battles became known as Pontiac’s War
British signed the Proclamation of 1763
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Made settlers move out of Native American land
10,000 British troops were sent to help keep the peace
Cost a lot of money so British increased the taxes
This made the settlers mad
Slide 10
Chief Pontiac -Ottawa
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Joined the French in fighting the British during
the French & Indian War
He tried to keep the British off the Ottawa land
near Michigan
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The Province of Ottawa is named after his people
The Pontiac car is named after him
Slide 11
Angry over taxes
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Daniel Boone defied the taxes
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Famous for exploring west of the Appalachians
British imposed new taxes
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Sugar Act (Act = Law)
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Tax on Molasses
Tax on legal documents & official papers
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i.e. Marriage license, diplomas, wills,
newspapers, playing cards, dice,
and almanacs
Colonists were MAD
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“No Taxation Without Representation”
Colonist had no voice in the government felt it was unfair
Slide 12
Angry over taxes
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Colonists boycotted British products
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British had to repeal (to cancel) the taxes
Charles Townshend (in charge of treasury)
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Stamp Act
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Means refused to buy the products
Townshend Acts
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Taxed glass, paper, lead, paint, tea, etc.
Gave tax collectors more rights
Colonists Protested
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Demonstrations, boycotts, signed petitions, etc.
Boston set up the “Sons of Liberty” also the “Daughters of Liberty”
Samuel Adams became a good organizer of the “Sons of Liberty”
Other good leaders in Massachusetts were John Adams, Mercy Otis
Warren, & Patrick Henry
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Slide 13
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Boston Massacre
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In Boston colonists demonstrated against the Quartering Act in
front of Boston customs house
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Colonists shouted insults, threw snowballs, & got a little violent
British soldiers panicked and shot into the crowd
5 people were killed & became known as the Boston Massacre
Paul Revere (a silversmith)
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Soldiers were tried in court
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This event really stirred everyone up
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Colonists had to provide soldiers beds, food, drink, etc.
made an etching of it
Defended by John Adams
Major boycotts hurt British economy
Slide 14
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Dispute Over Tea
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Repealed Quartering Act, & most taxes except Tea
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Tea Act –tax on tea
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British love their tea!
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Colonists boycotted the tea
Hurt the British East India Company
Boston Tea Party
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King George III wanted to send the colonists a message of who was
in charge
Sons of Liberty dressed as Indians
dumped 3 ships of tea in the harbor
Parliament decides to punish the colonists
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Passed laws against the colonists
4 of them which colonists call them Intolerable Acts
Slide 15
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Intolerable Acts
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1st -Shut down Boston Harbor until they paid for the lost tea
2nd -Massachusetts could not hold town meetings without
governor’s permission
3rd –Any British official charged with a crime will be tried in
Britain or Canada
4th –Passed new Quartering Act, soldiers stayed in colonists houses
The colonies set up the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia
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They wanted every colony to set up their
own militia (an army)
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Volunteers became known as minutemen
Ready to fight on a minute’s notice
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Slide 16
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The Shot Heard Around the World
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Massachusetts the militia built up
weapons and stored them in Concord
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The British built up over 4,000 soldiers
in Boston
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18 miles from Boston
Everyone knew that they were up to
something
British got word of the weapons & on
April 18th 1775, 700 soldiers went out
by night to get them
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Church –one if by land, two if by sea
Paul Revere went riding through town
shouting “The redcoats are coming”
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Slide 17
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The Shot Heard Around the World
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Daybreak of April 19th, 70 minutemen waited at Lexington to
stop the British
British commanded them to go home
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Someone shot “The Shot Heard Around the World”
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73 redcoats killed & 200 wounded
Six long years of fighting
10,000 to 15,000 colony
soldiers rushed to Boston
1775, 2nd Continental
May 10,
Congress meet
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8 colonists were killed
Minutemen did guerrilla warfare on the
British all the way to Concord
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Send Olive Branch Petition
Appointed George Washington as General
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