Unit 11
Evolution
104
Origin of Life
Speciation
Classification
Summary
105
Origin of Life
(Read)
1.
Scientific advances have supported most of Darwin's
hypotheses.
2.
Today, evolutionary theory is called the "grand
unifying theory of the life sciences."
3.
Evolutionary theory continues to change
as new data are gathered and new ways of thinking
arise.
The tree of life is a metaphor
used to describe the relationships
between organisms, both living
and extinct
5. In a passage, On the Origin of
Species, tree-diagrams originated
to represent genealogical relationships.
4.
Evolution Intro (2:54)
NBpg. 105
Slide 1 of 3
Origin of Life
EQ: How does the process speciation show in the tree of life?
Tree of life  speciation
Create Q1
Darwin argued that species
alive today are descended,
with modification from
ancestral species, called
common descent.
According to this principle, all
species come from common
ancestors and split through
speciation.
The principle links all organisms
on Earth into a single tree of life.
Primordial Soup (1:44)
NBpg. 105
Slide 2 of 3
Origin of Life
"Primordial soup“ is a hypothesis that early Earth’s
atmosphere was an oxygen-free, gaseous mixture of
water (H2O), Hydrogen (H2), Methane (CH4),
Ammonia(NH3), and Carbon Dioxide (CO2).
Create Q2
Create Q3
Miller and Urey Experiment:
In 1952, a chemical experiment simulated ‘early Earths
atmosphere’ to see if organic compounds “monomers”
can be produced.
Once organic matter
is present, it can
transform into polymers
and ultimately life
developed.
Result:
Amino Acids where formed
(Read)
Endosymbiotic theory
1.
Key to the success of eukaryotic cells have been two
powerful, mutually supportive organelles: the
mitochondrion and the chloroplast:
2.
The mitochondrion consumes oxygen to efficiently extract
energy from carbon sources like glucose, producing
carbon dioxide and water in the process.
3.
The chloroplast consumes water and carbon dioxide as it
captures energy from light and funnels it into the chemical
energy of glucose, releasing oxygen in the process.
4.
The organelle/prokaryotes may initially have been engulfed
by a host, survived, and live symbiotically.
5.
The prokaryotes, in turn, would have received protection
and a steady environment in which to live.
NBpg. 105
Slide 3 of 3
Origin of Life
Endosymbiotic theory proposes that mitochondria
and chloroplast were once prokaryotic cells, living
inside larger host cells.
Create Q4
Multiple lines of evidence support the
endosymbiotic theory:
- Similarities in structure, reproduction,
biochemistry, and genetic makeup to certain
prokaryotes.
- Both have genetic information of their own
argues in favor of the theory.
Draw and label
Read:
What Happened?
A hiker found a squirrel in the
Grand Canyon. The squirrel
was his companion until the
end of the trail. The hiker
then set the squirrel free
near other squirrels that look
similar.
The squirrel then found a
mate, but they couldn’t
produce fertile offspring.
Why couldn’t they produce
fertile offspring?
NBpg.104
Top
Origin of Life
A species is an organism that mates successfully and produces fertile
offspring.
Speciation is the rise of different species from existing species. (tree
branch split)
Types:
• Geographic Isolationphysical separation
(Mtn. range, islands,
volcano, river)
• Reproductive Isolationcan no longer mate
successfully with one
another.
• Behavioral Isolationdifferences in
courtship or mating
behaviors.
Sketch
Bird Dance(2:06)
NBpg.104
Middle
Origin of Life
Classification:
Binomial Nomenclature is a technique used to name organisms by
their physical or genetic features. (Bacillus thuringiensis = Bt)
Organisms are
organized by using a
Cladogram, which is a
diagram that shows the
evolutionary relationship
between organisms.
AKA: Phylogenetic Tree
Phylogenic Tree (5:35)