Name: _________________________________________
What is Life? Exam Review
MS-LS1-1 Conduct an investigation to provide evidence that living things are made of cells; either one cell or
many different numbers and types of cells.
1. Know the vocabulary words with definitions:
Organism: a single living thing.
Cell theory: The ideas that all living matter consists of cells, cells are the structural and functional units of life,
and all cells come from preexisting cells.
Cell: the basic unit of structure and function in an organism.
Unicellular: An organism that is only one cell.
Multicellular: An organism that is made of many cells.
Stimulus: A thing or event that causes a reaction.
Response: A reaction to a stimulus.
Spontaneous generation: the false idea that living things can be produced from non-living matter.
Autotroph: Organisms that make their own food. (auto=self troph=food)
Homeostasis: stable and balanced internal conditions
Heterotroph: Organisms that cannot make their own food. (hetero=other troph=food)
Know the 6 characteristics of living things:
1. Cell structure
2. Response to surroundings
3. Chemicals of life
4. Growth and Development
5. Energy use
6. Reproduction
What are the needs of living things?
1. food
2.water
3.shelter
4.space
Use the word list to help you label the microscope.
Arm
Base
Fine Adjustment Knob
Ocular Lens
Body Tube
Light Source
Stage
Coarse Adjustment Knob
Nosepiece
Stage Clips
Diaphragm
Objective Lenses
Ocular lens
Body tube
Nosepiece
Arm
Objective lens
Stage
Stage clips
Coarse adjustment knob
Diaphragm
Fine adjustment knob
Light source
Base
Know Redi’s experiment with the rotting meat:
Label his variables: Manipulated__covering the meat_____ Responding: ________maggots__
2 control variables: _____same meat______
____________same temp/container/amount of time_____
What did his experiment prove?
Maggots come from flies/not spontaneous generation
Know Pasteur’s experiment with the broth in the curved flask:
Label his variables: Manipulated______curved neck______ Responding: ____bacteria in broth_______
2 control variables: _____same broth____
____same time/temp/type of glass_________
What did his experiment prove?
Bacteria comes from other bacteria, not the air/ not spontaneous generation
What are the 3 parts of cell theory?
1. All organisms are made of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure of life
3. All cells come from other cells
What did each of these scientists contribute to the development of cell theory?
Jansen: fist microscope
Van Leeuwenhoek: bacteria (animalcules) from dental scrapings
Hooke: discovered cells in cork, named cell
Schwann: all animals are made of cells
Schleiden: all plants are made of cells
Virchow:Cells come from other cells
What is homeostasis: Internal balance or stable conditions
What are three ways your body adjusts to maintain homeostasis?
1. sweat to cool off
2. breath faster for more oxygen
3. drink to restore water balance
How do you determine if something is biotic or abiotic?
Check for cellular structure in microscope
How do you determine if something is living or dead? (Use the characteristics of Life)
Check if it responds to surroundings
Check if it is using energy
Check if grows or develops
How were Virchow, Redi, and Pasteur’s work similar?
They all were looking at the concept of spontaneous generation and showing that this was a false. They were all
looking at the third part of cell theory that cells or life must come from pre-existing cells or life.
How did Jansen, Van Leeuwenhoek, Hooke, Schwann, Schleiden, Virchow, Redi, and Pasteur use each other’s
work to further to world’s knowledge of cells?
Jansens development of the microscope led to the discovery of cells and bacteria, where Van Leeuwenhoek
looked at single cells bacteria and corresponded with Hooke who coined the term cell after looking at a cork
and determined they all looked like tiny rooms that monks lived in called cells. Schwann and Scheiden after
corresponding determined that all living things were made of cells and helped to develop the cell theory.
However the both of them disagreed on the third part of the cell theory about cells come from pre-existing cells
and this is where Virchow, Redi, and Pasteur come in to prove that life comes from other life or cells come
from pre-existing cells.