Key Words
tupuna
moko
te reo
tapu
soot
tohunga
sterile
“Complete
Combustion”
carbon
oxygen
carbon dioxide
colourless gas
“Incomplete
Combustion”
18 Making Moko Ink
1.
Hope and Andrew were
looking at an old photo album at
their uncle’s house. A wedding
photo showed some of their
early tupuna (ancestors).
“Who is that with the full-face
moko (tattoo) Uncle Tiha?”
asked Hope.
2.
“That’s your great, great,
grandfather. “ Uncle Tiha
replied, “ He spoke te reo
(Maori language) and no English. He died when I was about 10 so I
don’t remember much about him except for his fantastic moko. He was
a very proud man and his moko was genuine, old style.”
“What do you mean Uncle?” said Andrew.
3.
“Moko in the old days was cut in to the face using sharp bone that cut and made a
full line. Today they use needles and ink so there isn’t as much blood or pain. The letting of
blood made it a very tapu (sacred restricted) ritual so it had to be done in a very special
way, observing lots of rules”
“Wow it must have hurt,” said Hope in awe.
“Yes, but it was a way of showing how much status you had as a man or woman.”
“Where did they get the black ink from Uncle?” inquired Andrew.
4.
“Our tupuna were very clever. The black ink (waikauri) came from very black soot
from a special fire. The fire was lit in a hole against a bank with a vertical hole for a
chimney. They put kauri gum on the fire so it smoked. A feather shaped seed head from
toi toi grass was hung in the chimney and the soot collected on it. When they shook the
seed head, the soot was collected and stored. Being burnt it was totally bug free (sterile).
The tohunga (expert) who did the tattooing rubbed the soot into the wound as it was
punched below the skin layer into the muscle. Instead of the colour being shed with the
skin it stayed as a line of pattern.”
“So the ink was collected from smoke?” Andrew said inquiringly.
5.
“ Yes, when fire burns it produces heat energy. Combustion (burning) is where the
carbon and hydrogen in the wood chemically react with the oxygen in the air to produce
carbon dioxide (CO2) and water( H2O). Both are colourless gasses so a fire burns clean.
Usually you want “Complete Combustion”. This is where a fire produces as much heat as
possible with as little smoke so all the carbon is reacted. Our tupuna didn’t want all of the
carbon to combust because they wanted smoke and soot. They cleverly restricted the
flow of the oxygen in air, to the fire. They got “Incomplete Combustion”. Incomplete
Combustion produces less heat and a lot of carbon goes un-reacted. The un-reacted carbon
is the smoke that forms the black soot from a fire. This was collected to make their black
waikauri to carve moko. “
6.
“Wow, that is clever.” Said Hope and Andrew in unison.
Maori Technology-Science Readings Book 1, 40 Readings contact D Newton [email protected]
Questions 18 Making Moko Ink
Write out the question and then answer
them in your book.
A How well did you read?
1) Hope’s great great Grandfather
a)
was very old
b)
spoke te reo
c)
was very sad
d)
wore a large hat
2) Moko in the old days was cut in to the
face using
a)
a needle
b)
scissors
c)
sharp bone
d)
steel
3) They put _____ _____ on the fire so
it smoked.
a)
wet wood
b)
toi toi
c)
fern root
d)
kauri gum
4) When fire burns it produces ______
a)
heat energy
b)
CO2
c)
water
d)
heat, water and CO2
5) Incomplete Combustion produces _____
a)
less heat
b)
less smoke
c)
more water
d)
less soot
B Learn about WordsVocabulary
You can often tell the meaning of a word by
reading the words around it. Find it in the
paragraph number shown. Find the word
that fits the given meaning then write out
both eg furry, produces milk (1) = MAMMAL
6) tupuna (1) =
7) sterile (4) =
8) H2O (5) =
9) combustion (5) =
10) The black ink (waikauri) came from very
black _____ (4)
11) Carbon and hydrogen in the wood
chemically _______with the oxygen in
the air (5)
12) They cleverly ________ the flow of
oxygen to the fire (5)
13) ___________ Combustion produces
less heat and a lot of carbon goes unreacted. (5)
14) The soot was collected to make their
black _______ to carve moko. (5)
D Answering Scientific questions.
Write the answer to each of the following
making sure you include the question in the
answer you write down.
15) Explain why the collected soot was bug
free or sterile?
The collected soot was bug free or
sterile because…………..
16) Describe what combustion is ?
Combustion is …………..
17) Describe what “Complete Combustion” is?
18) Describe what “Incomplete Combustion”
is?
19) Using the answers from the questions
above and repeating any other
information you know write a paragraph
(three sentences) discussing how
“Incomplete Combustion” differs from
“Complete Combustion”.
“Incomplete Combustion” differs from
“Complete
Combustion”
because
firstly_____.Secondly ___. Thirdly ___.
E Extra for fast finishers (something
creative) Choose one of the following.
•
Draw a picture that will remind you
of what the story is about.
•
Make a list of all the science facts
you found out reading the story.
•
Make a list of all the Maori words
with their meanings and draw a picture for
each one.
C Using Words
One good way to learn words is to use them.
Write out the sentence containing the
correct word.
Maori Technology-Science Readings Book 1, 40 Readings contact D Newton [email protected]
ANSWERS 18 Making Moko Ink
A How well did you read?
1) Hope’s great great Grandfather spoke
te reo.
2) Moko in the old days was cut in to the
face using sharp bone.
3) They put kauri gum on the fire so it
smoked.
a)
When fire burns it produces
heat, water and CO2
4) Incomplete Combustion produces less
heat
B Learn about WordsVocabulary
5)
6)
7)
8)
tupuna (1) = ancestors
sterile (4) = no bugs
H2O (5) = water
combustion (5) = burning
C Using Words
9) The black ink (waikauri) came from very
black soot (4)
10) Carbon and hydrogen in the wood
chemically react with the oxygen in the
air (4)
11) They cleverly restricted the flow of air
to the fire (5)
12) Incomplete Combustion produces less
heat and a lot of carbon goes unreacted. (5)
13) The soot was collected to make their
black waikauri to carve moko. (5)
15) Describe what combustion is ?
Combustion is where the carbon and
hydrogen in the wood chemically react
with the oxygen in the air to produce
carbon dioxide (CO2) and water( H2O).
16) Describe what “Complete Combustion” is?
Complete Combustion is a fire to produces
as much heat as possible with as little
smoke so all the carbon is reacted.
17) Describe what “Incomplete Combustion”
is?
“Incomplete Combustion” is where the
flow of the oxygen in air is restricted to
the fire. It produces less heat and a lot
of carbon goes un-reacted forming soot.
18) Using the answers from the questions
above and repeating any other
information you know write a paragraph
(three sentences) discussing how
“Incomplete Combustion” differs from
“Complete Combustion”.
“Incomplete Combustion” differs from
“Complete Combustion”because firstly
oxygen gas is restricted so not all the
carbon is reacted to form CO2 and
H20. Secondly Incomplete combustion
does not release as much heat energy
as complete combustion. Thirdly soot
is produced by incomplete combustion
but the complete combustion is clean
burning.
D Answering Scientific questions.
14) Explain why the collected soot was bug
free or sterile?
The collected soot was bug free or
sterile because it was burnt.
Maori Technology-Science Readings Book 1, 40 Readings contact D Newton [email protected]