Pre-Industrial Revolution – Home
Production (i.e. cottage industry)
The Spinning “Jenny”
The Flying Shuttle
Factory Production
Impact of the Industrial
Revolution
Developments in Transportation
John Mac Adam – the macadam surface
Canals
The Locomotive and Railroad
Richard Trevithick – first useable locomotive
George Stephenson – created the first railway line
The “Rocket”
Impact of the Railroad
• Cheap transportation of manufactured
goods
• Opened new markets for perishable goods
(dairy products, fish)
• Created a vast number of jobs
• Travel became available for all classes
Industrial Revolution
Working conditions
Crowd and
unsanitary living
conditions
Dangerous Working Conditions
Felling Colliery Disaster
Employed as
Hewer
Putter
Waggon Driver
Trapper
Number killed
34
28
5
14
Average age
35
17
12
14
Oldest
65
23
14
30
Youngest
20
10
10
8
Low Wages: b/c more workers than jobs
Long Hours
Alexander Gray, a pump boy aged 10 years old. reported in 1842
Royal Commision into working conditions, said: "I pump out the water in the
under bottom of the pit to keep the mens room dry. I am obliged to pump fast
or the water would cover me. I had to run away a few weeks ago as the water
came up so fast that I could not pump at all. The water frequently covers my
legs. I have been two years at the pump. I am paid 10d (old pence) a day. No
holiday but the Sabbath (Sunday). I go down at three, sometimes five in the
morning, and come up at six or seven at night
Disruption of family unity
- All worked in different places
Child Labor
Average Lifespan of Industrial Workers
– 17 YEARS
Other Impacts of the Industrial Revolution
-Middle class grew
-Greater Consumerism
-Styles
-Ex: Wedgewood
-Changing role for women
-Growing gap between rich and poor